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Exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss.
- Source :
-
American journal of epidemiology [Am J Epidemiol] 2006 Dec 01; Vol. 164 (11), pp. 1043-51. Date of Electronic Publication: 2006 Sep 06. - Publication Year :
- 2006
-
Abstract
- Previous research has suggested that exposure to elevated levels of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) may cause pregnancy loss. In 2000-2004, the authors conducted a study in three US locations of varying DBP levels and evaluated 2,409 women in early pregnancy to assess their tap water DBP concentrations, water use, other risk factors, and pregnancy outcome. Tap water concentrations were measured in the distribution system weekly or biweekly. The authors considered DBP concentration and ingested amount and, for trihalomethanes only, bathing/showering and integrated exposure that included ingestion. On the basis of 258 pregnancy losses, they did not find an increased risk of pregnancy loss in relation to trihalomethane, haloacetic acid, or total organic halide concentrations; ingested amounts; or total exposure. In contrast to a previous study, pregnancy loss was not associated with high personal trihalomethane exposure (> or =75 micro g/liter and > or =5 glasses of water/day) (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 1.7). Sporadic elevations in risk were found across DBPs, most notably for ingested total organic halide (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.2 for the highest exposure quintile). These results provide some assurance that drinking water DBPs in the range commonly encountered in the United States do not affect fetal survival.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Environmental Exposure
Female
Humans
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated analysis
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Trihalomethanes analysis
United States epidemiology
Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abortion, Spontaneous chemically induced
Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology
Disinfectants adverse effects
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated adverse effects
Pregnancy Outcome epidemiology
Trihalomethanes adverse effects
Water Pollutants, Chemical adverse effects
Water Purification methods
Water Supply
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0002-9262
- Volume :
- 164
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of epidemiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 16957027
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj300