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Many people's lives have been lost due to earthquakes in Indonesia. The collapsing buildings were not the cause of the individuals' deaths. This tragic incident has highlighted the crucial importance of a building's seismic load. Structures built according to the new plan must be more resilient to earthquakes. The study used the spectrum response analysis technique outlined in the SNI 03-1726-2019 earthquake resistance planning standards. The Aeon South Gate Building in West Cape serves as the case subject for this investigation. According to the study of the different spectra of reactions to the base shear, the first result of the static shear force is still more important than the dynamic shear force. This study seeks to establish the performance parameters of structural and horizontal irregularities. The fundamental shear force on the spectrum response must be multiplied by the scale variables used to calculate V and Vt. The deviations in the X and Y directions met the requirements for the value of the deviations between floors. At most, the deviations between permit levels are the values of the terms and the analytical results of the response times on various spectrums. The regulation of SNI 17 multiplies the scale factor by the dynamic shear force (Vi = 6652.753) and the static essential fundamental shear force (V = 6652.752). Based on the primary data, the AEON Tanjung Barat apartment complex belongs to "immediate occupancy" (IO). At this level of efficiency, the building is safe from earthquake damage. It is similar to having the hood damaged, but not to the point where it prevents its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed alkaline earth boro-tellurite glasses were used to create and examine the effects of doping transition metal ions (namely CuO and V2O5) via the application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The spectra seen in copper-doped glasses exhibit three parallel lines, with a fourth line merging with the perpendicular lines. These lines correspond to the typical resonance signals. The evaluation and detailed explanation of several spin-Hamiltonian and bonding factors were conducted. The findings indicate that the Cu2+ ions occupy tetragonally deformed octahedral locations, with the ground state being 2B1g. In the context of vanadium-doped glasses, it was possible to distinguish eight distinct hyperfine lines. Analysis of the spectra revealed that the value of g‖ is less than both g⊥ and ge, indicating a tetragonally compressed complex for the V4+ ions. Additionally, it was discovered that the value of A‖ is greater than A⊥, further supporting the conclusion of a tetragonally compressed complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the traditional melt quenching procedure under carefully regulated atmospheric circumstances, the glass system 60TeO2-(25-x)Bi2O3-15B2O3-xSrCl2 with mole fractions x=5, 10, 15, and 20 was created. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to calculate the glass transition temperature (Tg), and it was shown that the Tg value increased as the amount of SrCl2 in the glass system increased. This rise in Tg is probably due to a greater number of bridging oxygen (BO) atoms, indicating the increase in glass thermal stability. FTIR and Raman spectral data have been deconvoluted for estimating the peak, whereas each deconvoluted peak exhibits numerous peaks. The present glass system's IR and Raman spectra analysis revealed that SrCl2 acts as a network modifier in the form of Sr-O bond. TeO2 is made up of a variety of structural components, including TeO3 trigonal pyramidal, TeO4 trigonal bipyramidal, and TeO3+1. BiO6 octahedral structural units define bismuth (Bi2O3), which modifies networks. Both BO3 trigonal and BO4 tetrahedral structural units of B2O3 can be found in the glass system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive seismic analysis and design of a multi-storey steel building incorporating different bracing systems. Earthquakes pose a significant threat to the structural integrity of buildings, making it imperative to employ effective seismic-resistant strategies. (1) Bracing systems play a vital role in enhancing a building's ability to withstand seismic forces by providing stiffness and dissipating energy. This research investigates the performance of various bracing configurations, including X-bracing, chevron bracing, and eccentric bracing, in the context of a multi-storey steel building subjected to seismic loading. (12) The analysis involves the utilization of advanced numerical modeling techniques and rigorous seismic design codes to accurately simulate and evaluate the structural behavior under different earthquake scenarios. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of each bracing system in terms of its ability to limit structural deformations, mitigate excessive lateral displacements, and distribute seismic forces efficiently throughout the building. (5) Through extensive numerical simulations, the study will analyze the dynamic response of the steel structure and identify the bracing system that exhibits superior seismic performance. Furthermore, this research investigates the influence of various design parameters, such as bracing member sizes, configurations, and locations, on the overall structural response. (11) The results will provide valuable insights into optimizing the design and placement of bracing systems to enhance the seismic resilience of multi-storey steel buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, complex architectural designs have been used to construct several multi-story and commercial structures. Buildings with floating columns pose a serious threat in actively seismic grounds. Existence of this floating column in the structure alters the course of weight transfer, changing the structure's behaviour and how it transfers load. The lateral force analysis of a floating column structure with a G+10 story height is examined. The main objectives are to determine whether a structure constructed in seismic zone II is safe or unsafe when using a floating column, to investigate how multi-story buildings with floating columns respond to earthquake excitations, and to identify the most vital and ideal position for a floating column within a structure. Using the premise that all of the loads will be applied to the structure at once when it is complete, the response spectrum analysis is used to evaluate construction models. The CSI ETABS 2018 software is used to assess the building models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As time has passed, we have observed that the population is steadily increasing, and the need for a home is a basic human need, so engineers have created vertical extensions rather than extending along the area. Lateral pressures will act on the reinforced concrete Frame as we begin to build the structures vertically upwards. As a result, it is critical to resist forces acting laterally on the frame. We will compare the lateral force acting on a regular (rectangular shaped) and irregular (U shaped) structure with 22 floors to two structural systems, a framed tube structural system and a tube in tube structural system, in this study. ETABS V 18.0.1 will perform response spectrum analysis to compute the results. The overall study is a preliminary attempt to assess the effect of vertical forces on RC buildings using dynamic parameters like Story Displacement, Base Shear, and Story Drift. ETABS is integrated with major analysis engines and this software is used to analyse and design buildings, particularly RCC and steel structures. Gravity loads, such as dead and live loads, must be evaluated in accordance with IS 875 Parts 1 and 2, and horizontal loading impacts, such as seismic/earthquake and wind loads,are evaluated in accordance with IS 1893 and IS 875 Part 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lombok is one of the islands that has a very high level of vulnerability to geological disasters. In 2018 there was an earthquake that caught the attention of the government and researchers. The earthquake occurred for two months, namely July to August. The studies conducted on the Lombok earthquake in 2018 still do not describe the characteristics of the source in a comprehensive and detailed manner. So it is hoped that this study can reconstruct the main earthquake source model that occurred. The method used in this study is the gravity method. This study aims to produce a good understanding and knowledge of the characteristics of geological hazard sources on the island of Lombok. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power line interference (PLI), which is in the range of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, is one of the unavoidable noise present in the electrocardiogram signal (ECG). An ECG signal corrupted with PLI noise may end up with poor diagnosis of unhealthy heart conditions. We propose a methodology employing Variational mode decomposition (VMD) In this work, we explore the boundless potential of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) for removing the PLI noise from various types of numerically simulated ECG signals obtained from healthy as well as different abnormal heart conditions. An existing mathematical model developed using a discretized reaction diffusion model is used to numerically simulate normal as well as various abnormal ECG signals. The model consists of a set of mutually coupled non-linear oscillators which is represented as a four component ordinary differential equation (ODE) system. The PLI noise is manually added to the numerically simulated ECG signals represent different arrythmia heart conditions. The corrupted abnormal ECG signal is decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) employing VMD. Further, the frequency spectrum analysis is performed and the IMFs corresponding to the PLI noise is determined and removed to get back the original ECG signal. From the result analysis, it is observed that the proposed methodology employing VMD can remove power line noise very effectively from healthy as well as various abnormal ECG signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An apples water content and rind colour affect Indonesia's people in choosing and buying this fruit. Near- infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to predict precisely the best "before date" of fruits in industries by predicting the changes of water content and rind colour. Thirty apples of Red Delicious Washington species bought from supermarket served as research materials. Water content data were obtained by six times weighing within two months and simultaneously measured their L*, a*, and b* coordinates (CIE) for rind colour in two places using ColorReader CR-10 Plus and NIR spectrometer. 288 data changes of water content and rind colour were combined with their NIR spectra for analysis using CV-PLSR (cross- validation partial least squares regression) as chemometrics to produce the prediction. The water content changes in the samples were 0.8%, while the rind colour changes were 5.9 (ΔE*) within two months of research. The application ofNIR to predict changes of water content and rind colour in apple resulted 0.72 and 0.42 of R2CV, respectively, as the best prediction result from their original NIR spectra data. NIR spectroscopy could predict sufficiently the changes in water content and rind colour of apple fruit in room temperature during storage. NIR spectroscopy showed more precision to predict water than the colour of organic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) in range of energy 300 to 500 mJ, an optical emission spectrum analysis technique (OES) was used to create Zirconium dioxide plasma. Electron temperature (Te) was determined using the two-Line-Ratio technique, as well as electron density was determined using the Stark broadening method (ne). Other plasma parameters were also determined, including ; Debye length (λD), frequency of plasma (fp), as well as number of Debye (ND). The electron temperature ranged from (0.901 to 0.704) eV, and electron density ranged from (0.68 to 1.58) ×1018 cm−3. Furthermore, other plasma parameters have been affected by laser energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effective positioning of shear walls in high-rise buildings design by using 9 models of G+15 story with a story height of 3m each and a plan dimension of 16m x 24m. All the models are analyzed using a dynamic response spectrum analysis in the seismic zone iv following the IS 1893-2016. The structural analysis software ETABS v16 is used to referee all the models. The findings show that the MOD9 (model 9) which is having an interior core shear wall resists more seismic forces as compared to the other configurations and it was observed that when the shear wall is placed systematically approaching the centre of the building it stiffens the building and the base shear increases. The implementation of the core at the centre reduces the displacement, inter-story drift, and time period by 36.57%, 47.05% and 53.33% respectively and stiff the building by 42.26%, 60.11% in terms of base shear and overturning moment respectively when compared with the model with no shear wall (MOD1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel and cobalt sulfides are promising materials in different cutting-edge research areas like supercapacitors electrode materials,solar cells and catalysts. Nickel and cobalt sulfides with various stoichiometries have been synthesized solvothermally from Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O, Co(NO3)2 · 6H2O. This project revealed the preparation of Lanthanum doped Cobalt Nickel Sulphide (CNS) nanoparticles using solvothermal process and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) XRD patterns of CoNi2S4 which shows the formation of Amorphous -CoNi2S4 which was indexed using the JCPDS card 24-0334 From SEM analysis it is observed that CoNi2S4 which was synthesized using solvothermal method was agglomerated and spherical in nature and La doping prevented the agglomeration and increased the size of the particles. UV-Vis Spectrum analysis were used to evaluate the optical behavior of the synthesized material in which 6% La doped CoNi2S4 exhibited the observed optical band gap of 3.63 eV. While Thermogravimetric Analysis shows that 3% La doped CoNi2S4 exhibit well retained thermal stability even at 650◦c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is a time series analysis method that uses a non-parametric approach. This study aims to determine the model and predict rainfall in Surabaya. The SSA process begins with decomposition consisting of embedding and singular value decomposition. Then a reconstruction process is carried out, which consists of eigentriple grouping and diagonal averaging. The determination of eigentriple grouping is based on changes in the value of the eigenvectors, which do not start much different between each eigenvector. This study will compare various window length (L) values. The best model obtained is with L = 72, MAD value is 151.9903, MSE is 32340.72, and sMAPE is 0.2679602. These results indicate that the best model will be obtained when using a maximum L, which is half of the total data or as much as 72. The results of rainfall forecasting using SSA cannot be used in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modelling, analysis and refinement of triple step reduction helical gearbox housing was attempted. The initial purpose of the investigations was to evaluate and interpret the structural performance characteristics of the transmission case. Following a relevant research literatures review, it was realized that the vast majority of today's organisations are experiencing issues with the overall heaviness and stability of their current gearboxes. Therefore, the creation and evaluation of three stage helical transmission coverings have emerged as a key subject of explorations in order to prevent failures and achieve the most efficient model. As a result; various analyses like modal, vibration, harmonic, frequency response, spectrum and static analysis were undertaken on an current helical transmission gear box covering comprising of material Structural Steel A36 and an optimised model of High Carbon Steel and Structural Steel A36 materials for understanding & monitoring the conditional functioning of transmission cover under numerous different applied loading and unloading situations. Finally, depending on drafting, examination and improvement, it was securely established that the redesigned structure with high carbon steel as a material seems to be significantly superior in accordance with current model in terms of robustness, heaviness, harmonics, sturdiness, materials, and affordability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to isolate the chemical compound from S. aqueum plants and determine the ability of the isolated compound to inhibit the activity of Eschericia coli and antioxidant activity. The extraction process was done by maceration using ethyl acetate. Separation and purification of ethyl acetate fraction were conducted by vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. The isolated compound was a white crystal (32.6 mg). Based on spectrum analysis 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, NMR-DEPT135 and the comparison with the literature, it was concluded the isolated compound is steroid namely β-Sitosterol. The antibacterial activities from the isolated compound give the zone inhibition value for concentration 25µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL were 11,5, 13,1 and 16,5 mm, respectively which have weaker inhibition than the refference drug, ciproflaxin (39,9 mm). The IC50 antioxidant activity show the isolated compound with value 300.52 ppm and ascorbic acid as positive control 112.72 ppm. This conclude the isolated compound have antibacterial activity againts E.coli with moderate activity and have a weaker ability for antioxidant than ascorbic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β Lyræ eclipsing binary system has been studied extensively. Observations have revealed its unique environment. Hα emission is one of the most dominant feature being studied. In this work, we analyzed Hα spectra obtained at Bosscha Observatory from 2018 all the way through 2022. From the extracted spectra we measure the equivalent width (EW), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and the center of both emission peaks. The extracted information then be used to derive violet-to-red peak intensity ratio (V/R), emission-to-continuum ratio (E/C), different velocity between each peak (ΔV) as well as the Hα disk radius. We found that there exist the overall V/R and E/C change throughout the observation period with an increasing V/R trend and decreasing E/C trend. The Hα disk radius is found to be changing in a way that the mass transfer in β Lyræ system is heading towards the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country that is flanked by three tectonic plates, called the Indo-Australian Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Pacific plate. The three tectonic plates are still active today, increasing the risk of the potential for tectonic earthquakes to occur in Indonesia. On May 27, 2006, the city of Yogyakarta experienced a natural disaster, a tectonic earthquake which was quite strong at the 6.3 Richter Scale according to USGR calculations (United States Geological Survey). This earthquake caused a lot of losses, one of which many buildings collapsed or were damaged, making these buildings uninhabitable. According to BNPB data for 2020 (National Disaster Management Agency), more than 1000 units of worship facilities and offices were damaged, and as many as 376 units of health facilities also had structural damage. For this reason, research was taken on earthquake forces on building structures using the response spectrum method based on SNI 1726:2019, which BSN only released in the last few years. Response Spectrum is a method that analyzes earthquake forces based on the structure's curve between periods and acceleration according to the earthquake map in Indonesia. This method analyzed the structural response in the 16-floor Student Dormitory UMY using ETABS software. It was concluded in this study that the story drift exceeds the permitted limit for floors 1 to 10 in the X-direction and the Y-direction for the 1st and 4th floors to the rooftop. There is no P-Delta effect in either the X or Y directions. The horizontal structural irregularity analysis has a re-entrant corner irregularity (type 2). For the analysis of vertical irregularities, there were soft-story irregularities type 1a and 1b and vertical geometric irregularities (vertical irregularity type 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifractal spectra analysis of time series has been used for several applications, for example, in tachograms, that are the graph of the time intervals between heartbeats throughout a monitoring, there are differences between the complexity of the tachograms of healthy and young subjects and the tachograms of elderly or subjects with heart disease. Recent research has shown that parameters of the multifractal spectrum of tachograms, such as width (degree of multifractality) and curvature of the spectrum around the maximum, could be used to classify the health status of a subject. On the other hand, tachograms obtained from stress test subjects decrease in complexity compared to those obtained at rest, and this can also be characterized with multifractal analysis. In this work, we created a database of 131 electrocardiographic signal recordings and tachograms of subjects at rest for one hour and in a stress test for 30 minutes, and we performed the analysis of the aforementioned multifractal spectrum parameters. The results of the multifractality analysis confirmed that the complexity in the tachograms of the stress tests decreases significantly with respect to the series at rest, especially in the series of subjects who reported a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, these parameters could be useful to classify the physical condition of a subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ionospheric Equinoctial Asymmetry (EA) and signifies ionospheric behavior has been studied over the Grid-Point (Geographic 134.05° E and 34.95° N) during the period 1997 to 2016. The Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) characterizes the EA of Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC). The behavior of the ionospheric TEC to the EA response depends on the season and local time, location, and solar activity. The data selection of TEC is based on the solar activity index (F10.7) F10.7 ≥ 105 and the magnetic activity index (AP) Ap ≤ 25. TEC datasets of F10.7 ≥ 105 and Ap ≤ 25 days from 1997 to 2016 are used for model development. A strong dependence on solar activity was explained by the first dominant SSA mode, which is a function of solar activity that increased with increasing solar activity throughout the period. The results showed that the increase in the variability of the ionosphere and the solar activity used in equinoctial asymmetry analysis could affect TEC's daytime and nighttime availability. In this scenario, the EA variability of the ionosphere TEC is a daytime phenomenon and occurs at night during the period 1997 to 2016. Moreover, the overview of statistical analysis is added to our examination to elaborate further on annual and semi-annual phenomena in the ionosphere at mid-latitudes during the day and night. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of urbanization, high rise structures with subversive parking and storage levels are becoming increasingly common. Seismic energy dissipation systems are presently used for a wide range of structures all around the world. Basements that are difficult to clean. The primary purpose is to evaluate the situation. The efficacy of horizontal dampers in the ground level of a high rise building on top of a basement. One of the various types of dampers available is visco-elastic dampers (VE). Dampers are used in this Equivalent static & Response spectrum analysis. An attempt has been made to determine the variance in natural period by integrating energy dissipation devices and comparing different models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of new of phenolic Schiff bases derivatives have been synthesized starting from [M3,M4], then prepared on methylolic and etheric Schiff base [M5−M1] which fused epoxy ring obtained [M11,M12], then reacted with morpholine due to [M13, M14]. Finally, all prepared compounds were investigated by FT-IR, 1HNMR spectra and Elemental analysis. Also, the biological activity for these compounds were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) since 2006 until now has installed a lot of accelerograph equipment as many as 669 station locations, to determine the quality and characteristics of the seismic noise, in this study an evaluation of the accelerograph data was carried out. The evaluation report is carried out on weekly data so that in this study, seismic noise recording data was used for 7 days from September 27 to October 3, 2021. Evaluation such as analyzing the noise level using the Probabilistic Power Spectral Density (PPSD) method. The PPSD method describes the quality of the accelerograph data compared with the signal spectral of Power Spectral Density (PSD) for 7 days with the standard accelerometer noise model, namely the Accelerometer Low-Noise Model (ALNM) and the Accelerometer High-Noise Model (AHNM) subjectively. The results of data quality analysis were evaluated by weighting the results of the PPSD analysis by 50% with other parameters by 50% in the form of Root Mean Square (RMS), amplitude ratio, percentage of data availability, number of gaps, and amount of overlap. Furthermore, based on the results of PSD signal analysis and accelerograph data, 193 locations with high cultural noise were found, 27 locations had the digitizer or sensor damages, 12 locations experienced dataless equipment response errors, and 37 locations frequently experienced data gaps. Based on the results of spectrum analysis and supporting parameters, the evaluation form of accelerograph data quality are grouped into good condition, fair condition, bad, and off condition. As a result, 669 accelerograph locations, 217 locations were good condition, 177 fair conditions, 96 bad conditions, and 179 were off condition. Finally, recommendations for locations that have fair condition and bad condition were maintenance, sensor replacement. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that location changes can be adopted if the environmental noise has extremely high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectrum analyzer measures the input signal magnitude versus the frequency in the full frequency range of the instrument. Its main use is to measure the spectrum strength of both known and unknown signals. The input signal most commonly measured by spectrum analyzers is electricity; however, the spectral composition of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of suitable transducers. Spectrum analyzers for other signal types also exist, such as optical spectrum analyzers which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to take measurements. By analyzing the electric signal spectrum, the dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of the signal can be observed which are not easily detected in the time domain waveform. This parameter is useful in characterizing electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters. The spectrum analyzer display has the frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope, and some laboratory instruments can function as an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer. The lightning wave signal that is detected using a digital oscilloscope is processed with the OriginPro application to obtain the lightning wave pattern that occurs, the spectrum analysis itself uses FFT (fast Fourier transform) calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) have been synthesized and can be used as uric acid absorbent in samples. MIPs can absorb uric acid because MIPs have cavities were formed by the removal of uric acid. The purpose of this research was to determine the synthesis, characteristics of MIPs membrane, and MIPs absorption for uric acid at optimum conditions. The method used for the synthesis of MIPs membrane is the photopolymerization method using Ultra-Violet light. Determination of uric acid levels in solution was analyzed by spectrophotometer UV-Vis and in blood by Easy Touch. Based on the research obtained a transparent uric acid MIPs membrane. The result of the FTIR spectrum analysis showed that the infrared spectra characterization of the MIPs-extraction membrane did not find N-H absorption peak, while in the MIPs re-extraction there was an absorption peak in the 910-665. The N-H group is the functional group of uric acid. Based on absorption under optimum conditions the number of MIPs membrane used was 0.08 grams with contact time of 24 hours and pH of 7.57 uric acid solution obtained the efficiency of MIPs absorption in solution was 72.6%, while the efficiency of MIPs absorption of uric acid in the blood was 24.6 %. The result of this study indicate that the MIPs membrane can absorb uric acid both in solution and in blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic analysis deals with the evaluation of response of structures upon earthquakes and it is a part of structural design process. This paper presents the summary and the results of the seismic analysis of a G+3 Reinforced Concrete (R.C). building with irregular plan. The building is modelled as a 3D frame in STAAD Pro Advanced CONNECT Edition software. The number of degrees of freedom in each node is six. Equivalent Static and Response Spectrum analysis was performed. The soil considered is rocky soil and the relevant response spectra as per IS:1893 - Part 1 (2016) was used. During analysis of the system, it is ensured that, sufficient number of vibration modes are considered to contribute more than 90% mass. Analysis was performed for various loads and their combinations. The structure was also checked for various irregularities like vertical irregularity, geometrical irregularity, torsional irregularity and mass irregularity using STAAD Pro CONNECT edition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developments worked to withstand earthquakes are known as earthquake-resistant structures. While no structure can be totally protected from earthquake harm, earthquake-resistant development expects to construct structures that perform better compared to their regular counterparts during seismic action. Building guidelines express that earthquake-resistant developments should have the option to withstand the greatest earthquake with a sensible shot at happening at their site. This implies that the death toll ought to be limited for phenomenal earthquakes by forestalling building breakdown, yet the deficiency of working ought to be confined for more normal ones. In light of their straightforward development strategies, simplicity of establishment, and capacity to decrease diversion and shear, steel bracings and shear wall frameworks are currently regularly utilized for planning earth shudder resistant structures. In past examinations, earth tremor resistant structures were planned utilizing steel bracings or shear wall frameworks. In this investigation, a correlation was made between these two frameworks. The literature surveys are evaluated on this look at the use of response spectrum analysis, and a assessment is accomplished among popular homes, metallic homes, and shear wall homes for you to expand earth quake resistant structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, in our country earthquake has shown an increase in seismic zoning factor over various parts. India is divided into 4 seismic zones that are seismic zones 2,3,4 and 5, which covers over 60% of total land area. So, it has become very important to decide seismic reactions over structures in these particular risky zones. This review shows different research that has been carried out on this topic to get an overall idea where we stand currently and what more we can do. Comparison of result is done with respect to different parameters like displacement, storey drift, bending moment etc. Authors have used different types of methodologies and modern-day techniques like Response spectrum analysis and Equivalent static method to analyze a good range of structures and their seismicity. This review paper focuses on comparing manual calculations with a long range of advanced designing software data to finally get the optimum conclusion in the field of seismic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the structural characteristics of Ti0.5Fe2.5O4/CS nanocomposite, synthesized through the coprecipitation method. Analysis of the formed nanocomposite particles' structure was successfully carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, and the functional groups were identified by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology and average particle size were successfully observed and determined through scanning electron microscopy. The diffraction peaks confirmed the presence of Ti0.5Fe2O4 in the spinel structure, while the infrared spectrum analysis provided the functional groups of both elements with metal-oxygen bond identified at a wavenumber of 642.3 cm−1 and chitosan-typical functional groups such as amide I stretching vibration. The data analysis of scanning electron microscopy image exhibited an average particle size of 18.2 nm with agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) forecasting method has been used widely recently. SSA has characteristics and advantages in decomposing data into trends, oscillations, and noise, which are for forecasting. Forecasting withSSA can be done by several ways e.g. Linear Recurrent Formula (LRF), Vector, and Simultaneous. The Bootstrapping process is implemented in those forecasting methods to increase the accuracy and builds the interval forecast. This study focuses on testing the sensitivity and accuracy of the combination of the Bootstrap-LRF and Bootstrap-Vector methods. The tests are applied to data that contains structural breaks, namely Indonesia's trade monthly data (exports and imports) from 1993 to 2019. The test results show that Bootstrap-Vector has a smaller forecasting range and is more accurate than Bootstrap-LRF in long-horizon forecast. Moreover, the Bootstrap-Vector is more stable in the presence of structural break in the data, meaning that this method is less sensitive to structural changes. Meanwhile, Bootstrap-LRF is more accurate in short horizon forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2015 Ranau Earthquake is the recent earthquake with the recorded highest intensity and tremors in East Malaysia. The earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Scale Richter has damaged many residential and public buildings, including schools, quarters, and mosques. Thus, the ability of these non-seismic designed reinforced concrete buildings to resist earthquake loading is the main concern amongst the engineers. Furthermore, a soft-story building that has open space ground floor and served as a vehicle parking space is not good at resisting seismic load because it is low in ductility, strength, and stiffness. After an earthquake occurs, the lateral loads from the earthquake can shake the buildings depend on how strong the earthquake is. Damage to the building can be seen in the aftermath, where usually is located at the beam-column joints. The aim of this study is to assess the vulnerability of soft-story residential buildings under various earthquake records using Capacity Demand Response Spectrum. Two buildings that are SMK Ranau's staff quarter and Hospital Ranau's staff quarter, were selected for the seismic assessment. With Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) with Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA=0.12g) and Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) with PGA=0.22g were considered to determine the buildings Capacity Demand Response Spectrum (CDRS). Then, three previous earthquake records were chosen to validate the vulnerability of the two buildings against the earthquakes. From the result, it shows that SMK Ranau's staff quarter can still survive to above 5.5 scale Richter, with PGA not more than 0.12g, as stated in EC8, with some minor retrofitting works to repair the building but for Hospital Ranau's staff quarter can only sustain DBE with Type 1 and Type 2 spectra and MCE Type 1 spectra. For the CDRS under the previous earthquake, both buildings can only survive the Kunak earthquake and will severely damage if the same PGA as El Centro North-South and El Centro East-West earthquakes occur. From this study, it seems that the use of Capacity Demand Response Spectrum Analysis is essential to predict the vulnerability of buildings against earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies of the evolution of the local atomic environment of magnesium titanate powders under thermodynamic conditions were reported through time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (TRXAS) measurements. The powders were prepared by a dissolved metals mixing method. The stoichiometric Mg and Zn metal powders were independently dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution, followed by mixing, drying, and pre-calcination at 400 °C. The changes of local structure of the systems during thermodynamic conditions were examined using TRXAS in Ti K-edge XANES spectrum by in-situ measurement at room temperature until 700 °C. XANES spectrum analysis was carried out by fitting process using a Gaussian convolution function. The interpretation of absorption peaks in Ti K-edge XANES spectrum is related to the transition of electrons from the Ti 1s state to the higher energy levels. The dependence of the peak position and intensity on the ambient temperature due to the changes of the local atomic environment of Ti has also been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting is a process to predict future events based on past data. In this article, forecasting of Farmers' Terms of Trade (FTT) in 5 provinces of Java, namely West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, and Banten, uses the Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) method. The purpose of Forecasting Farmers' Terms of Trade (FTT) is to see the level of welfare of farmers who play a role in national income. The MSSA method has the advantage of excellent forecasting accuracy and can be applied to data that has a linear or nonlinear relationship. The results obtained are the grouping of 4 groups based on 8 eigenvectors, with the resulting forecast length of 13 periods. The level of accuracy of forecasting data is obtained from the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in each province with the highest MAPE of 0.71% occurring in East Java and the lowest being 0.33% in Yogyakarta. Based on the MAPE results, it is less than 10% so that forecasting of Farmers' Terms of Trade (FTT) for the period April 2021 to April 2022 using the Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis method is included in the Forecasting category with very good ability. The forecasting results show that there is a seasonal pattern in each variable for the next 13 periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm oil is one of the plantation subsectors playing an important role in Indonesia. Palm oil is one of the largest exports and contributes to Indonesia's GDP. One of the palm oil producing areas is East Kalimantan, where production is increasing year by year. Time series analysis can be used to forecast palm oil production in East Kalimantan. This study would compare singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to predict palm oil production in East Kalimantan. Based on data analysis, the SSA method hasd a MAPE of 2.3476 percent and the ARIMA model had a MAPE of 7.1214 percent. These results showed that the SSA method is superior to ARIMA in predicting palm oil production in East Kalimantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents DC electric arc discharge acoustic spectrum analysis by a computer measuring system. The main electric and acoustic parameters of the electric discharge process are measured and estimated by a dedicated LabVIEW virtual instrument, combining all needed dynamic and steady-state characteristics, which are simultaneously acquired in real time. Electric arc current and voltage are directly measured and further used for electric arc dynamic power and conductivity estimation. Acoustic signal is measured independently at the discharge glowing time. Electric power is compared with the sound spectrum acoustic power, providing an indirect relation between electric and acoustic impact of the discharge over the outer environment. Acoustic signal is decomposed on a time-to-frequency spectrogram plot, where main sound sources are identified. There main fluctuations are easily observable, providing the harmonics of the power supply rectifier, mechanical movements of the electrode holders, electrodynamical or other related vibrations, and ambient noises. Cleared this way spectrogram could be used for contactless distant measurements of electric arc discharges with different technological applications or switchgear monitoring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we deal with a predator-prey system with harvesting term and Holling-II type functional response under Dirichlet boundary condition. Firstly, we give a prior estimate by using the Maximal Principle and the upper and lower solution method. Secondly, we investigate the existence of local bifurcation of semi-trivial solution by applying the spectrum analysis method and bifurcation theory. Finally, we show that the local bifurcation can be extended to global bifurcation, and the continuum goes to infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research compares reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures on the arch of Concert Buildings with a span of 100 meters in Aceh. The seismic force was determined by using a dynamic analysis with a response spectrum based on SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 1726: 2019. The roof supporting structure is designed in an arch system with the SNI 1727:2020 used to calculate the dead, live, and wind loads. The structure is modeled and analyzed as a space arch using ETABS software to obtain stress ratio, structural deformation, and structural stiffness. Meanwhile, the steel structure and RC are designed based on SNI 1729: 2020 and SNI 2847: 2019. The results showed that the reinforced concrete has greater stiffness, smaller deformations, and weight of 2046 tons than the steel structure, which has 144 tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the compounds Teflon-4 and Teflon-40 by comparing their EPR spectra after irradiation with various doses on an electron accelerator. The results demonstrate the linearity of the dose dependences of both compounds. Compared to Teflon-4, Teflon-40 samples showed greater sensitivity and increased radiation resistance, which allows us to make an assumption about the prospects of using this compound as the main material of an EPR detector in high-dose dosimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the previous decade, Rapid boom in the area of Wi-Fi conversation has extended demand for spectrum assets and created a scarcity of handy radio spectrum. Traditional Wi-Fi networks which include Wi-Fi sensor networks working in an unlicensed spectrum band are suffered from uncontrolled interference, as this unlicensed spectrum band receives crowded day by using day. This trouble is no longer due to the fact of spectrum band deficiency, instead it is due to the fact of the misuse/inefficient utilization of the spectrum bands i.e., constant spectrum undertaking coverage. The cognitive radio science is one of the promising technological know-how to tackle the shortage of spectrum resources, from the introduction of cognitive science there is a lot of lookups is going on its spectrum sensing strategies. this paper aimed to grant an in-depth evaluation on current advances in spectrum sensing methods and wholly affords the merit, demerits, and challenges confronted in spectrum sensing techniques and scope of similarly lookup of every spectrum sensing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximum rainfall events and periodicities of pre-monsoon rainfall over Rayalaseema, Telangana and coastal Andhra Pradesh, India were studied by using the IITM, PUNE rainfall data for the period 1871-2016 (146years). The data has exposed to 11-years running averages and the periods of decreasing and increasing changes are calculated. The time series of the monthly rainfall were disseminated through a high-pass filter to climate periods above 21-years and then subjected to rangesscrutinypending maximum entropy method to obtain province periodicities. These substantial periodicitiesover coastal Andhra Pradesh at 5.4 years, 3.84 years, 2.8 years and 2.2 years are observed. In Rayalseema at 5.21 years, 3.8 years, 3.17 years, 2.7 years and 2.3 years periodicities identified over Telangana at 10.4 years, 6.4 years, 2.8 years, 3.74 years, 2.8years and 2.2 years periodicities observed. From this periodicity, we can understand that the impact of 2.4 to 2.7 years periodicity is attributed to quasi-biennial oscillation, 3.3-8.4 years periodicity is attributed to ENSO and 12.2-13.5 years periodicity may be due to sunspot activity. From the above periodicities, the effect of QBO and ENSO is more on the pre-monsoon rainfall activity over Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and Telangana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bengawan Solo is a watershed in Indonesia with an area of ±16,100 km2. The Gondang Reservoir Lamongan Post is one of the posts passed by the Bengawan Solo River Basin. Gondang Reservoir has benefits such as supplying field reservoirs and irrigation, providing water, controlling the flood or drought, and tourism objects. However, the flow of the Gondang Reservoir river has a negative side that has the potential to damage, so that it can cause disasters in the form of floods, drought, or broken embankments. Therefore it is necessary to have a control system to reduce the risk of disasters in the future. One of the important components in the watershed is rainfall data. Rainfall is very useful in determining the beginning of the season and evaluating a model. Rainfall forecasting is very important for workers in various sectors to determine the direction of a policy to be drawn up and be able to control the flows of the river in conditions that are not destructive. Forecasting techniques is one of the statistical methods that can be used to predict rainfall data because it provides significant results in predicting time series data in the long term. In this research, the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) method was applied for rainfall forecasting in the Gondang Reservoir. The SSA method consists of two stages, decomposition, and reconstruction. Each stage consists of several parts. The decomposition stage consists of embedding and singular value decomposition. Meanwhile, the reconstruction stage consists of grouping and diagonal averaging. Forecasting was conducted on Gondang Reservoir rainfall data from January 2010 to December 2020. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the SSA method could predict well enough rainfall data in the Gondang Reservoir Lamongan post using L = 32 and 5 groups with an MSE value of 43.87 and MAPE value of 21.28%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc (II) sulfide and bismuth (III) oxide at concentrations of 5, 10, and 50 mmol/dm3 were used as photocatalysts. The experimental results showed that with an increase in the concentration of the catalysts, the concentrations of the residual dye remained quite high. As a result, the oxidation of Congo red has been studied with the simultaneous use of heterogeneous photocatalysis and electrochemistry. The oxidation of Congo red significantly increased the degree of oxidation and the rate constant of the reaction when exposed to both ultraviolet and visible frequency ranges due to the additional Fenton process. An analysis of the spectra of Congo red oxidation with simultaneous use of heterogeneous photocatalysis and electrochemistry shows that the azo dye molecules are completely mineralized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray fluorescence is a powerful spectroscopy technique that uses synchrotron radiation to induce X-ray fluorescence in samples and provides valuable information on the micron and submicron scale. The characteristics of synchrotron radiation permit implementing multi elemental nondestructive spectrochemical analysis with spatial resolution on the micrometer scale, high efficiency for trace element determination, minimal sample preparation, and reasonable time of analysis. At the IAEA beamline end-station at the Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, the measurement of airborne particulate PM2.5 samples collected in industrial sites in Indonesia were carried out. The typical reflection 45/45 irradiation geometry was employed for both the micro-XRF and Xray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) measurements. The micro-XRF scanning analyses were performed at different incident beam energies and a total area of about 4 mm×4 mm was analyzed by performing 9×9 measurements with a step size of 0.5 mm with 10 s acquisition time per step. Selected elemental analysis of airborne particulate PM2.5 samples using SR micro XRF were carried out at selected beam energies of 13.5, 12.5 and 7 keV for highly sensitive elemental compositional analysis. Several selected elements such as Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br and Pb were determined. For the determination of the chemical state of certain trace elements, XANES measurements was also performed using the fluorescence mode of analysis at the respective spots identified with the more abundant trace element concentration. XANES spectroscopy was used to determine the oxidation state of arsenic and chromium in APM samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the software SeGaSA 0.9 (Software for Sequential Gamma-ray Spectra Analysis) for an automatic sequential gamma-ray spectra analysis. It has been developed to support spectral analysis of CdTe detectors suffering from polarization effect, but it is applicable to any set of spectra of the specified input format (.mca). The software enables automated analysis of the arbitrary number of sequentially acquired spectra with the main option to sum user defined number of successive spectra and to evaluate the resultant outputs. The spectral parameters like the photopeak position (centroid), the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the peak height and the net/gross peak area are determined as a result as functions of time or spectra set position number. The software enables an optional user-controlled energy calibration from the first spectrum loaded for analysis. We present here the first version of the software, which is currently under development and integration of other improvements and functionalities will follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to formulate and characterize the alginate-starch micro beads as a slow release urea fertilizer, using the CaCl2 extrusion technique. This experiment also investigates the effect of alginate and starch composition on beads color, swelling ratio, biodegradability, entrapment efficiency and urea release. The result of the study showed that the alginate-starch micro beads turned darker in color and the diameter of its wet and dry alginate ranges between 3.18-3.40 mm and 1.12-1.46 mm, respectively. Furthermore, it was ascertained that the swelling ratio and biodegradability increases in accordance with the starch content of the bead and the entrapment efficiency of urea in it ranges from 39.07-40.96 (%). The FTIR spectra analysis, showed that there was a change in the peak wave number of the bead synthesized with a different alginate-starch composition. The data on urea release in water shows that addition of starch to the alginate bead reduces the release of urea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a family of the discrete Schrödinger operators Hλμ, in the d (d ≥ 3)-dimensional lattice with a wide class of dispersion relation and a potential constructed by a combination of the Kronecker delta function and the shift operator, depending on two parameters. The exstence of eigenvalues, threshold eigenvalues and threshold resonances and their dependence on the parameters of the operator and dimension of the lattice are explicitly derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on the analysis of pulsed boundary layer excitation by a narrow group of microdischarges in DBD plasma actuator. The measurements are performed by hotwire and in a pulse-synchronized mode. It is shown that the discharge induces a "puff"-like structure with a typical spanwise wavelength of 5-7 mm. The analysis of the spatial spectra of the disturbance and its evolution in time is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of hemolysis of erythrocyte suspension induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl) is investigated by measuring the UV-Vis absorption spectrum in the range 250 nm - 750 nm at interval 1 nm. The spectrum is measured each 15 s which permitted to follow the changes in absorbance at different wavelengths during hemolysis. The kinetics of the hemolysis is monitored by the changes in the absorbance at 700 nm, and by the changes in the wavelength of the main absorbance peak in the spectrum due to the hemoglobin. Because of the finite number and discrete values of the wavelengths used in the measurement the real value of the peak wavelengths in the spectra must be found by additional processing of the experimental data. The procedure uses the first derivative of the spectrum (dA/dt) and a geometrical approach to calculate the value of the wavelength at which the first derivative dA/dt is equal to 0. The procedure smoothed the kinetic curve of the peak wavelength to a great extent. This permit to compare it to the curve of the absorbance at 700 nm and to make assumptions of the process that occurs during the acid hemolysis. The procedure could be applied to any process where there is a shift in the peaks' wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the accuracy of forecasting methods for trend and seasonal Indonesia visitor arrival. Three single methods, Seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA), Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), and Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) were used to model and predict the monthly arrival. We have also compared the three single methods with two hybrid approaches, SARIMA-FTS, and SSA-FTS. Results show that SARIMA-FTS is the most appropriate model to capture the trend and seasonal pattern of the series in term of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seismogram is a combination of several important information, namely source effects, path effects, and site effects. The location effect provides initial information about the amplification of the receiving station's soil layer response in the event of an earthquake. This study aims to obtain site effect information by analyzing spectrum seismograms. The seismogram data used are seismograms at Wanagama Yogyakarta (UGM), Jajag Banyuwangi (JAGI), and Cisompet Garut (CISI) stations for earthquake events in the Intraplate and subduction areas. To determine the source effects, path effects, and site effects by analyzing the displacement spectrum using Simple Nelder's nonlinear inversion method. The results of spectrum analysis and inversion processes are site effects spectrum curves. The results of spectrum analysis and inversion process are location effect spectrum curves. From the site effect, the spectrum curve shows that JAGI and CISI stations cannot be used as reference stations because they still have site effects in decreasing amplitude in the frequency range of 0.1 - 1 Hz. The magnitude of CISI station amplification ten times from the JAGI station that occurs in the 5-10 Hz frequency range by pointing to the UGM station as a reference station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PAS spectroscopy is nowadays well recognized as a powerful tool of microstructure investigations of condensed matter. As a result of the experiments, data were obtained show the effect of cavitation on the occurrence of surface defects in a titanium alloy on various time characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]