Search

Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BTX isomers) are significantly vital fundamental chemicals for petrochemical, oil, and gas industries with global production amounting to about 40 MMT per annum for Benzene and Xylene while around 20 MMT for toluene. BTX as initiators for downstream derived commodities are produced from coking and petroleum naphtha and pyrolysis gasoline by hydro-treatment and catalytic reforming processes. The present work focuses on ASPEN simulation for BTX separation via conventional distillation and extractive distillation routes. For the extractive distillation (ED) process, two different solvents – Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and Sulfolane were employed to estimate the purity of separated components from the mixture as well as the recovery percentage of solvent for reuse potential. Extractive distillation processes are widely adopted for isolating aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons. Solvents employed in ED typically aid in separation due to close boiling points and azeotropic compositions of mixtures. Maximum purity of components at 97.91 % Benzene, 98.27 %Toluene, and 96.88% o-Xylene were obtained after separation with 98.33% solvent recovery using sulfolane as solvent. Amongst various dipolar aprotic solvents like DMF, DMAC, NMP, and DMSO, sulfolane is also known to offer appreciable thermal stability. Sulfolane also possesses attractive properties such as high selectivity, high boiling point, and high dissolution capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The speech recognition exercises in this paper are intended to identify the speeches having MFCC and GMM as a basis. As a practical biometric technique for phone applications, speech recognition offers a lot of promise and doesn't require specialized or complex hardware. Signal processing is usually done in two stages: testing and training, to accomplish the objective of speech recognition. Speaker specific feature parameters are computed from the speech during the training phase. The characteristics are utilized to create statistical representations of various speakers. Speech samples from unidentified speakers are compared with the models and categorised throughout the testing phase. This study presents the development of an MFCC & GMM voice recognition algorithm. The well recognised Mel Frequency Cepstral coefficients, or {MFCCs}, have been employed as characteristics because of the documented changes in the crucial bandwidths of the human ear with frequency. We created a system model utilizing the GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) in order to make the system realistic. With the help of the EM (Expectation Minimization) algorithm, GMM parameters are computed. MFCCs are computed throughout the testing and training stages. During a training session and a subsequent assessment session, speakers repeated distinct sentences. Speech can be falsely rejected or accepted up to a certain threshold. The location of this decision threshold is when the probabilities of the two errors are equal. The MATLAB environment was used to construct the codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis was conducted on microcantilever RF MEMS switches to optimize their pull-in voltage using the electrostatic actuation method. The study considered two distinct types of microcantilever RF MEMS switches, namely the Π-microcantilever and R-microcantilever MEMS switches. These two structures were optimized to achieve maximum deflection at the applied voltage threshold. The implementation of a thin film switch in the RF MEMS switch led to increased switching speed and reduced power consumption at lower pull-in voltages. Additionally, the RF MEMS switch was effective in minimizing fringing field effects and stress. Specifically, the R-microcantilever RF MEMS switch demonstrated a maximum deflection of 0.399 µm, while the Π-microcantilever switch exhibited a minimum deflection of 0.0119 µm at a pull-in voltage of 8.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, fire hazards took lives of approximately 2 people for every 100,000 people in India. There were a reported 1.6 million cases of fire hazards which killed 27,027 people. Although the number of people killed by fires has decreased in the last few years, it is a preventable accident that still accounts for more than 2% of accidental deaths. There are many fire safety and suppression systems out there that use either only one sensor to detect fire or only use water for fire suppression which is not efficient for different types of fires. The l-FireS system offers a vital solution, leveraging an array of sensors for swift fire detection and classification. Following detection validation, the system initiates a comprehensive emergency response, alerting occupants and notifying emergency services. It guides safe evacuations through laser-projected paths and directional audio instructions, adapting dynamically based on sensor data. Safety measures include assessing ventilation feasibility and, if safe, opening doors and windows, and activating an exhaust fan. Upon successful evacuation, the system engages precise fire suppression, selecting extinguishing agents based on fire type. This paper highlights the critical role of a potential smart i-FireS system in quick fire detection, fire classification, and automated emergency response for enhanced safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated vehicles have become increasingly vital for everyday use, albeit often commanding a substantial financial investment. While vehicles with individual enhancements have been developed, there has been a lack of a unified solution. Our My Automated Vehicle (MAV) represents a comprehensive integration of essential services, encompassing interior amenities, safety features, automation capabilities, remote accessibility, personalized services, and a natural interaction interface. This integration relies on an array of sensors and actuators for data collection, which is subsequently transmitted to a cloud-based platform. The cloud platform is then linked to a mobile application, facilitating command exchange through a remote server. This approach significantly enhances the convenience, efficiency, and intelligence of the vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precisely controlling hole depth presents a formidable challenge, particularly in the context of fine boreholes, when utilizing conventional handheld drilling machines. This is often associated with failures due to over-drilling. Consequently, the development of an automatic drilling machine capable of executing precise drilling operations based on user-defined drilling depth parameters is imperative. The proposed machine will incorporate power feed technology, designed to facilitate the drilling of workpieces up to specified depths. The depth control mechanism, integrated with the drilling motor, interfaces with an Arduino board, which can be programmed to execute drilling operations to the desired depth. The depth control mechanism is achieved by linking the drilling motor, via gears, to a power feed motor, specifically a stepper motor. The mechanical movements of the machine are constrained by programming the drilling depth using potentiometers connected to the Arduino board. The Arduino board, driven by user inputs from a keypad, will oversee the direction and the number of steps of rotation of the stepper motor through a program stored in the Arduino Mega. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental research that focuses on adding new elements to the periodic table is continuing by several experimental facilities viz. Dubna laboratory: Russia, GSI: Germany, RIKEN: Japan, etc. The last synthesized element with proton number Z=118 and 10 new decay chains that were confirmed by several experiments. Some experimental works have also been performed to study the possibilities of synthesizing new elements with Z=119 and Z=120 by α-decay. In the last few decades, an exotic type of decay mode: cluster decay has also been theorized in the superheavy region. In the present work, we have studied probable decay modes viz. α-decay and cluster decay along with spontaneous fission in undetected and potential superheavy nuclei 296,297Og, 297119, and 298120. We have applied the new modified Horoi formula (NMHF) formula to calculate α-decay half-lives, which is found to be more accurate in the superheavy region. To investigate other decay modes, spontaneous fission (SF) half-lives have been computed using the recently reported modified Bao formula (MBF), along with half-lives of cluster emission by using the modified BKAG (MBKAG) formula. After the comparison of half-lives of these different decays, the probability of α-decay has been found prominent, however, several heavy clusters viz. Kr, Rb, and Sr isotopes are also found with a finite probability of decay in this part of the periodic chart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To format Determining and recommending the amount of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and pH for crops is a part of farming. By managing these nutrients farmers can improve the quantity, quality, and sustainability of their crops. This research aims to create a model that suggests the levels based on the soil's nutrient content and pH levels. Using machine learning algorithms to analyze soil data this model predicts the nutrient application rates, for crops. By following these recommendations farmers can reduce costs while increasing crop yields and minimizing impact. Overall this study highlights how implementing this model can greatly improve crop management practices and support agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses and individuals consume and deliver computing resources and services. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of various cloud computing technologies, highlighting their key characteristics, benefits, challenges, and emerging trends. The paper covers a wide spectrum of cloud computing models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), while also exploring hybrid and multi-cloud environments. The review encompasses topics such as virtualization, containerization, serverless computing, edge computing, security, and scalability. By examining the current landscape and potential future directions, this paper offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers in the field of cloud computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making decisions based on multiple attributes works well with fuzzy information. First of all, fuzzy information is by nature more reflective of people's real-world thoughts. People's perceptions of things are frequently not binary, meaning that there is some degree of ambiguity. Second, the evaluation values of several characteristics may exist concurrently in an information unit in various representations of fuzzy information. Fuzzy theory forms the basis of nearly all multi-attribute decision-making techniques used today for the reasons mentioned above. The review of fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making is the aim of this study. The following are the primary goals: To assist novices in comprehending the primary study findings and fundamental fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The present work provides a framework for the problem of decision making in course exit survey using fuzzy rough approximations. On the basis of attributes used in course exit survey a conclusion is drawn through fuzzy lower and upper approximations in decision table. Finally, an algorithm is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recommender systems are among the utmost popular and successful uses of machine learning in the corporate world. Recently, these schemes have made use of ML methods from the artificial intelligence domain. Recommender systems are used to provide guidance to individuals in all fields of technology, and they are crucial for each domain. There are many different types of recommendation systems, such as content-based and hybrid-based, collaborative filtering-based. The collaborative filtering method is used in this paper for recommending the movies. In this field, the effectiveness of algorithms based on CF (collaborative filtering), which take advantage of user and item behaviour, has been established. In this paper, we have analysed five different similarity metrics on the dataset. The similarity metrics are cosine similarity, Euclidean, Pearson, Jaccard, and MSD with the KNN algorithm to predict outcomes. Results are evaluated by using different metrics which are RMSE, and MAE, and at the end there is a comparison between the item-based collaborative filtering and the user-based one approach to know which approach remains better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites prepared by Friction stir processing (FSP), having exceptional surface characteristics, are being widely used in various thermal environments, such as in automobiles and aircraft industries. The addition of one or more ceramic reinforcements may improve their thermal conductivities and reduce the thermal expansion coefficients leading to greater dimensional stability thereby making them more efficient for such applications. In the present work, FSP is utilized to fabricate surface composites with varying compositions of copper and graphene powders as the reinforcements. The composites prepared are inspected for their thermal and microstructural characteristics for different reinforcement compositions and FSP pass numbers. It is observed that the composites with higher copper weight% have higher thermal expansion coefficient in comparison to that with lower copper weight%. Also, the addition of higher graphene content in the aluminium alloys lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composite and vice-versa. Besides, the composites prepared by lesser number of passes (two) have higher values of CTE than that prepared by higher number of passes (four). This is due to the reason that the microstructure of the composite is more refined when prepared with more pass numbers and so the space between the particles is lesser preventing the tendency of the sample to be easily be expanded on heating. This approach finds a wide scope to draw useful insights for the composite fabrication conditions for their high temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, sewage is treated by activated sludge process (ASP) followed by catalytic treatment. Approximately 59.30%of COD removal was obtained at optimum pH-7. ASP-treated wastewater is further treated by catalytic process using TiO2. The catalytic treatment process was optimized by Central Composite Design. The influence of process parameters viz. pH, time and catalyst amount was investigated during catalytic treatment. The maximum COD removal efficiency was found 74.43% at pH: 6.5, Time: 90.7 min and catalyst amount 326.5 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coir, a natural fiber, obtained from the outer cover of coconut fruit is a strong, lightweight and abundantly available fiber used to fabricate polymer composites. Due to its durability and high strength these composites are used in variety of applications. In this study, fabrication and characterization of composite sheets was carried out using coir fiber. The work is carried out in four steps which includes extraction of fiber, treatment of fiber, characterization of fiber and fabrication. First treatment is to soak coconut fiber in NaOH solution for 6 hours with concentration 20 wt%. The second treatment includes soaking of coir fiber in NaHCO3 solution for 6 hours with concentration 20 wt%. After each treatment, fiber is dried at 90°C for 5 hours. Various characterization techniques were used which includes SEM, FTIR, TGA and single fiber tensile testing to examine the morphological characteristics, presence of functional groups, thermal behavior and tensile strength of fiber followed by mechanical testing which includes Tensile test, Flexural test according to ASTM standards. The results show that single fiber tensile strength of fiber treated with 20wt% NaOH has 5.61 N break load, 8.16 N/mm^2 break stress and 20.14% break strain with maximum load of 10.5 N, maximum stress of 10.5 N/mm^2 and maximum strain of 20.2525 %. Another sample treated with 20 wt% NaHCO3 show 5N break load, 4.58 N/mm^2 break stress and 15.15 % break strain with maximum load of 6.55 N, maximum stress 5.75 N/mm^2 and maximum strain of 12.9100 %. Untreated coir fiber shows highest break load of 5.8 N, 5.8700 N/mm^2 break stress and 6.9 % break strain with maximum load of 12.875 N, maximum stress 6.90250 N/mm^2 and maximum strain of 8.87%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recalcitrant organics have the potential to be extremely poisonous, mutagenic, and carcinogenic even in trace amounts. Complex and challenging organic wastewatersare produced by a variety of businesses, including those that use colors, tannery products, pharmaceuticals, landfill leachates, etc. Electrochemical oxidation as a wastewater treatment technique is continuously evolving for the removal of colors from textile effluents. Electro-oxidation is generating a lot of interest because of its versatility, simplicity, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study highlights the treatment of synthetic Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye wastewater by indirect electrochemical oxidation using two supporting electrolytes, NaCl and Na2SO4. In this work, a novel particle electrode using GO (Graphene Oxide) and GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) on Titanium (Ti) substrate was developed by high-temperature thermal decomposition in the laboratory for electrooxidation of RO16. The performance of this newly created electrodeTi/GO-GAC-RuO2−Sb2O5−CeO2 was examined on the percentageCOD reduction and decolorization of 200 ppm of synthetic RO16 dye solution. The operating parameters considered vital for all electrooxidation studies were pH, current density, electrolyte concentration, and electrolysis duration. NaCl and Na2SO4were employed as electrolytes to enhance solution conductivity. Using Ti/GO-GAC-RuO2−Sb2O5−CeO2electrode, maximum colorand COD reduction wereachieved at 98% and 88%, respectively. Additional investigation was also conducted in terms of instantaneous current efficiency (ICE), Energy Consumption (EC), and evaluation of kinetic rate constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study envisages treatment of municipal wastewater with the help of microalgae followed by catalytic treatment. Approximately 65% of COD removal efficiency was achieved at optimum pH-5 and the supernatant was further treated by catalytic treatment where nanostructured ZnO catalyst was synthesized by green synthesis method using aloe vera. Response Surface methodology was used to optimize the operating variables like pH: (3→11), Time: (30→150 min) and catalyst dosage (mg/L) (50→450) during catalytic treatment to achieve maximum COD removal. Software predicted maximum COD removal efficiency was found 75.6 % at optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the various waves of the pandemic, which have affected millions of people both directly and indirectly, the past two years have been catastrophic on a global scale in terms of the loss of human life. The pandemic created a significant risk to human life and, in the process, revealed the fragility of the medical infrastructure with regard to the availability of medical devices, in particular the accessibility of oxygen concentrators. The oxygen concentrator was thrust into the spotlight as a result of the problem of overcrowded hospitals. Within the scope of this current body of work, a minimum viable product (MVP) of a portable and hospital-based oxygen concentrator has been developed. The PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) technology was used as the foundation for the design. After conducting tests here at the lab, further examinations were carried out at the government hospital. Both the 5 LPM version and the 15 LPM version were developed in order to carry out standard tests on adults at the Heart Institute for a period of eight to ten hours nonstop on a daily basis. The tests were carried out at the children's ward. During the course of the investigations, it was discovered that the apparatus has an increased ability to withhold heat as well as an increased purity concentration of 85–90%. According to the most recent test results, which were verified by the physicians and adhered to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, this effort has been effective. Additionally, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGS-3) can be met by implementing this initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the intelligent monitoring of electric vehicle for battery energy management with soft computing techniques. Thereafter different soft computing techniques like fuzzy logic controller, energy hub method, dynamic programming, DRL method, model predictive control was proposed to get the best results for the performance of EV and it is observed that fuzzy logic controller gives the best results as compared to other techniques vehicle for battery energy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PLL is a structural circuit design of closed loop control system whose main function is to facilitate frequency as well as phase synchronization of the fed input signal. PLL is a form of frequency synthesizer and In integrated transceivers, the frequency synthesizer is one of the most essential aspects. The 3rd order Δ-∑ modulator design model is demonstrated in the below discussion This can over by adopting new method designing new architecture of PLL which is suitable for low noise for wireless applications. Some of challenges are achieved by the PLL that reduction in the power, less area and high frequency In this comparison is of different PLL is shown with the diagram. In this paper explained basic loop transfer function, noise sources dividers, phase detectors and operation of the fractional-N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-based controllers must be created by modelling the system to be controlled. This is because, regardless of how well-tuned the controller's settings are based on this model, good control performance cannot be predicted without first picking the suitable model for the process. The vast majority of industrial processes are overdamped, time-delayed steady-state systems. Designing a non-linear controller has always been difficult for researchers and control professionals. The robotic manipulators have numerous inputs and outputs. A Nonlinear PID Controller has been designed in this paper. This controller combines the Proportional Integral and Derivative controllers, as well as a nonlinear factor that multiplies with the integral controller. After Simulink modelling the controller, it was discovered that its performance is superior to that of other current controllers, and that its application is ubiquitous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robotic manipulator system has demonstrated its efficacy in a variety of fields. As a result, it is essential to design an efficient controller for managing the end position of a robotic arm. Due to the rising nonlinearity and complexity of robotic manipulator systems, a typical proportional-integral-derivative controller has proven ineffective. In recent years, intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, and optimization algorithms have emerged as a potent tool for managing extremely complex nonlinear processes with uncertain dynamics. In this study, a PID Controller and a Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller with parameters generated by a Genetic Algorithm using Absolute Error Integral as the goal function are created. In this paper, simulated output results of plants controlled by a Fuzzy ProportionalIntegralDerivative controller are presented, and the superiority of the implemented controller is demonstrated through a comparison with a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller using the Genetic Algorithm optimization technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry accounts for two thirds of the dye market and is the largest consumer of dye in the world. During production and use in packaging, about 10% of the dye is directly lost in contaminated water causing significant damage to the environment. [3]. Bioremediation based techniques has been proved to be the most an effective and inexpensive way to reduce contamination of textile dyes. In Bioremediation microorganisms are used to decolorize and metabolize dyes used by textile dyes. In this work, bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their ability to produce enzymes and eventually to decolorize two widely used textile dye-Reactive Black 5. The dye degradation products analyzed by U-VIS techniques and biochemical tests were performed on the sample. Different bacterial cultures were analyzed for different dyes, parameters such as contaminant conc., and inoculum conc. were studied to find the % removal of dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth is one of the major constraints for the economic growth of India. Increase in food demand due to population growth burdens the current food supply. In order to meet the food demand and supply of an increasing population, soil productivity needs to be enhanced by employing fertilizers. Currently, these fertilizers play a vital role in the Indian agricultural sector. High nitrogen content and high solubility in water makes urea a convenient source of nitrogen. Therefore, it is widely used as a nitrogenous fertilizer. Urea is manufactured from ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The domestic production of urea in 2019-2020 was reported to be 336.97 LMT. The high demand and supply of urea requires huge quantities of ammonia for its synthesis. As ammonia has adverse effects on human health with TLV (8-hr average), TWA-STEL and IDLH values of 25 ppm, 35 ppm and 300 ppm respectively, its accidental releases can severely risk the nearby surroundings. Hence, prediction of ammonia gas dispersion in the surrounding atmosphere will aid in identification of possible affected areas with prediction of extent of consequences on human beings and environment. In the present work, open-source software, Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA), is used for risk assessment of sudden release of stored ammonia gas in a urea manufacturing plant. ALOHA identifies toxic threat zones at particular locations depending upon the storage and meteorological conditions. Identification of affected zones as well as gas concentration at specific locations will support further emergency response planning. Identification of the most probable affected zone will help in devising a prompt warning system for affected persons to evacuate, shelter and/or lockdown. Further implementation of water scrubbers or curtains or sprayers with a quick responding communication system and medical facilities with antidotes will reduce the number of affected persons and severity of the incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to study the importance of CSR to firm's financial performance. This has assumed significance in light of the amendments passed and adopted with respect to 'The Companies Act". In April 2014, India became the first countryto make CSR a mandatory requirement for companies, subject to certain conditions. This approach garnered massive appreciation from representatives of different philanthropic institutions across the world, However, little research has been conducted from an Indian perspective to study the impact of CSR investments on the financial performance of firms. To addressthis research gap, this study investigates the relationship of investments in CSR with firms' financial performance. Accordingly, a dataset of 471 Indian firms across three sectors of Agriculture, Manufacturing/Industry and Service was compiled for the years 2015-2020. In this timeframe, firm-wise CSR investments, in addition to other relevant dependent and control variables were identified in structure of Panel data. Panel Data Regression was employed for in depth analysis of the relationship between CSRspends and the Financial Performance dimensions. Major findings of the study include positive impact of Investment in CSR on Enterprise value and Net worth in presence of selected control variables. Another panel data model establishes positive impact of Investment in CSR on Profitability Measure like EPS, ROTA & ROE. The study also presents sector wise comparisonof this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present research, mineralization of Congo Red dye using photolysis irradiation by induced visible light is optimized using response surface (RSM). On the basis of optimization, according to the current design highest removal i.e., 5.5 mg/L degradation can be obtained if 17 mg/L of dye solution is treated under 300 W sun tainting lamp at pH 6.5 in.49 minutes and ANOVA analysis signifies that proposed design in confined limit of process variables. In case of homogeneous photocatalytic degradation 32% of 17 mg/L of removed by could be achieved by photolysis alone. After the RSM analysis it is found that the valve of R-sq is 99.77%, R-sq(adj) is 99.57% and that of R-sq(pred) is 98.95% which shows that the design as well as experiments are under acceptable limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, as the projects have accelerated the necessity for a quicker method for determining the A.B.P. (Allowable Bearing Pressure) has risen. In-situ methods like SPT (Standard Penetration Test) are used more as they can provide quicker results and methods are easier to perform as compared to laboratory methods. We had conducted for boreholes at Petlad branch canal, Anand. It was found that the top layer (0.0 to 7.5 or 9.0) consists of silty clay of low and intermediate plasticity and the remaining strata clayey sand was traced out. After performing the laboratory test the A.B.P. obtained was compared to the one obtained by S.P.T. method and it was found out that the A.B.P. obtained from laboratory methods is higher than S.P.T. method for 25 mm permissible settlement. A linear equation for the co-relation between the tests is generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated sludge process is one of the efficient and economic biological techniques for wastewater treatment. Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the process variable such as pH: (5→9), Time: (40→200 min) and air flow rate: (10→50 ml/min) during treatment of municipal wastewater using activated sludge process. The study is focused on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from municipal wastewater. Twenty sets of experiments given by CCD are carried out and the responses (output) is recorded. CCD predicted maximum COD removal efficiency is observed 73.93 % at optimum operating conditions like pH: 7.5, Time: 149.6 min and air flow rate: 35. 2 ml/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona virus has turned into a disturbing pandemic for our earth. Without any appropriate medication and immunization for the treatment of COVID-19, the Indian government forced a lockdown from March 24, 2020 to keep away from local area transmission of Covid in people. Specialists have believed that the current situation will keep on existing for the present and is probably going to cause more passing's, negatively affecting the generally hopeless state of the economy, general wellbeing, and business; causing a lot of trouble among individuals intellectually and genuinely. It has influenced all areas of the economy, particularly in the Insurance area. Because of the wiping out of movements, occasions, and other financial misfortunes, the Indian life insurance industry saw a gigantic misfortune. The paper expects todistinguish the difficulties of the Indian life insurance area emerging from the Covid-19pandemic. The adverse consequence of the Covid-19 is expansive and fast, however the drawnout results might seem, by all accounts, to be positive for the disaster life insurance. In view ofwork area examination of currentinsurance news, data & reports, we sort the expected effect of the corona virus for the life coverage industry and infer some broad ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article demonstrated a dual-layer Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure integrated with an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna to produce dual bandstop features. A sandwiched Rectangular Mushroom Shaped Electromagnetic Band Gap (RMS-EBG) is implemented between two 0.8mm thick FR-4 layers to create band stop features for the WLAN band. A Symmetrical Pair of Split Ring Resonator (SPSRR) structure is used as EBG near the feed line on the top layer to create a band notch for X-band (downlink). The antenna presents a minimized cross-polarization power level and low RF power leakage. The measured and simulated results are investigated for band notching characteristics in terms of VSWR, group delay, and radiation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While renewable energy is growing in terms of its production and usage, the oil & gas industry is still the major contributor to world energy production. The rapid decline in oil & gas demand is not foreseeable in the near future unless there is a drastic shift in current policies. Hence, considering its impact on the world, it becomes crucial that the oil & gas sector functions efficiently. However, the execution of oil & gas projects, particularly Large Oil and Gas Projects (LOGPs) have a sluggish track record of execution in terms of time and cost. The execution of LOGPs within the allocated time frame and budget is of paramount importance to keep the investors' faith for receiving budget allocations in future investments and remain a prime target to attract investment expected as per world energy outlook, 2020. Project management tools such as identification of Success Factors/Critical Success Factors (CSFs) help the project management team in the successful implementation of a project. This study aims to find out and enumerate success factors for different phases of project life cycle specific to oil & gas projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of Mesua ferrea flower extract for corrosion inhibition was explored by applying weight loss analysis, SEM, and spectroscopy techniques on the steel in 1M H2SO4. These techniques were used to look into the corrosion features of the steel in conditions like the absence and existence of various quantities of Mesua ferrea flower extract. With the aid of weight-loss statistics, plant extract's capability to construct a defensive film on steel surfaces is investigated. A surface morphology analysis has also supported the establishment of a protective membrane here on metal surfaces by the extract. At 1000 mg/L, Mesua ferrea extract has the best inhibitory efficiency for steel in 1 M H2SO4 is 87.64%. Mesua ferrea extract is thought to be an effective inhibitor because of the presence of heteroatoms and multiple bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid rain is presently threatening the whole world, it is such a devastating thing for the atmosphere that the atmosphere and environment in which we are living in and cherishing the freshness of it will not last longer and we can never bring back this nature and freshness of air and water, ever back again. Acid rain is a phenomenon in which acid is accumulated in atmosphere and it pollutes the environment, the reasons can be different, we discussed mostly all the reasons in this review paper but one thing is clear that the main reason behind this is human activities. The measure and the totaltendency of acid accumulation around the world is now very prominent and it happened around past ten years mainly after this particular problem was fully published in countries like Europe, North America and Asia. Also if we look at the zonessuch as temperate, most of the eastern and southern part of the world is located in the tropics, temperate, subtropics and climate zones studies on the topic of effects of high accumulation of acid content. This review paper highlightstheCurrent status of information present related to acid accumulation and also what are its consequences on ecosystem all over the globe. Surface water around the world is normally not that prominent to the adversity of acid clustering, whereas land in some areas is prone to acidification because of the low content of mineral decomposition. Also, land level of acidification was on a large scale neutralized by some processes like base cation deposition, nitrate denitrification, and sulfate adsorption. Along with the rapid minimize in Sulphur accumulation in the past few years, Nitrogen deposition is also a severe phenomenon in the world. The acidification effect of Nitrogen accumulation may be more of use as compared to sulfur accumulation in dry tropical and subtropical lands because of high sulfate absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silent healer Aloe vera has a wide use from the Rigvedic times. The plant requires warm climatic conditions thus mainly grown in Europe, Africa, Asia and India. They don't need much water therefore grow in dry regions like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Phytochemicals are the natural bioactive compounds found in different parts of a plant comprising to plant's biological activity. The chemistry of this plant has disclosed more than 200 different bioactive compounds which have a great therapeutic property. Not only this but it contains 7 of the 8 essential amnio acids which cannot be made in the body. The most important part is the inner leaf part holding a great number of phytochemicals. About 60% of the plants comprises of the polysaccharide's which have anthraquinones, saponins aloe emodin and other important substances. Aloe vera plants are believed to be an important source of medicines which are effective in the therapy against various illness and thus regarded as a gift from the nature. Its leaves have a characteristic bitter taste and are used as an alternative in gastritis, arthritis, eye disease, tumor, asthma, jaundice. Pharmacologically it is regarded as an immunity booster and works as a detoxifying agent. The gel extracted from the plant is used in medical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical applications. So, we can say that the plant has multiple use and is a best gift of nature to humanity. This review paper makes an attempt to revisit the history, constituents and some of the important medicinal application of Aloe vera in recent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetic can be any substance that improves the body part's beauty, but when this product is paired with any drug with medicinal efficacy it is called cosmeceuticals. Nanotechnology has considerable use in both the medical and cosmetic industries. When the nano carriers are interested in cosmeceutical's in order to improve their permeability, it is termed as nanocosmeceutical's. Because of their precise range and efficient biological impact size varies from molecular to atomic level to produce excellent results. The penetration into deeper skin and the localized action are determined by nanocarriers embedded in cosmetics. The key criteria for using nanocarriers are carrier capacity, solubility, quality and degradation. Besides this, the pH of the skin plays an important role in the distribution of the drugs as per quantum dots therapy. The principal theory of these nanocosmeceuticals' is to go into the deeper layers and then into the systemic circulation in order to treat various conditions such as acne, hypopigmentation etc. There are so many products that have some adverse effects as well as the consequences can be reversed by the various steps taken by regulatory agencies to exacerbate the condition of the skin and hair. One of the difficult areas is also the toxicity of a nanocosmeceuticals' and different recommendations are available for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the mathematical and theoretical approach for multi-source considering renewable and non-renewable energy sources, multi-area electric deregulated power system with traditional controller for load fluctuation regulation. Renewable and non-renewable sources are merged to supply the better possible generating energy and better efficiency of the electric supply to discos. Here multi area aims to reduce the differences between the GENCOs and DISCOs set out limits. Due to production of electricity from renewable and non-renewable sources and frequency sudden changes at GENCOs and DISCOs, automatically frequency switching may possible. Classical PI controllers are set out to tackle the load frequency of electric system for frequency switching in set out range. In this research a mathematical approach for multi-source renewable and non-renewable sources, multi area with classical PI controller and ESD with TCPS devices is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar radiation with UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm) wavelengths can cause considerable harm, particularly to the skin. On the one hand, sunlight is necessary for the production of Vitamin D, yet long-term exposure to it can cause everything from sunburn to skin cancer. UV rays create dangerous molecules known as free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause skin cancer and premature ageing. Herbal formulations and extracts have long been used as sunscreen for photo protection and are thought to be more appropriate than allopathic topical medicines due to their complex composition and high sun protection factor or SPF value. Vitamins C, E, and flavonoid-rich herbs not only have antioxidant properties, but they also have a great ability to protect against UV-induced skin responses. Whole plant extracts such as Aniba canelilla, Calendula officinalis, Arrabidaea chica, Euphorbia tirucalli, and isolated compounds such as Pycnogenol, Apigenin, Resveratrol, quercetin, Sinapoyl malate, and Essential oils such as Red Raspberry Seed Oil, Carrot Seed Oil, Peppermint Oil, and others are the first choice in the current scenario. This review includes a detailed overview on skin damage and its protection with different available photo protective and cosmeceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy Harvesting is a technique utilizing the energy from external sources to power the sensors which drain quickly while continuous monitoring and sensing. These techniques are reliable for a longer duration of time and allow to increase the scalability of the device they are powered into. These devices are made out of piezoelectric materials which are used for energy harvesting. The resonance frequency is an important factor affecting the device parameter when it is placed in an external environment and the resonance frequency should vibrate at the same frequency with the ambient environment. This paper reports the variation in parameters of length thickness and width on a single cantilever structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been developed as the green solvent in chemical industry because of their exceptional properties like low vapor pressure, non-flammable in nature, low melting point, and high decomposition temperature in place of organic solvent such as CCl4 which is toxic in nature. But recently various ILs which are petroleum derived are found to be toxic in nature and release toxic byproducts when decomposed. To replace these ILs, there is need to synthesize ILs obtained from renewable sources or Biomass like amino acid, carbohydrates, cellulose etc. as these bio derived ILs are less toxic, inexpensive in nature and these ILs are known as BIO-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS. The utilization of such ionic liquids in lignocellulose preparing, as a reaction solvent, organ catalyst or as metal extraction medium has been expanding step by step. This review paper reports on the synthesis of Ionic liquids from renewable sources such as amino acid, cellulose, carbohydrates and choline and also their application in various processes of chemical industry and also various biotechnological process such as enhance the activity of enzymes and also as solvents in various biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A PC regulated exhibit of receiving wires delivers light emission waves without moving the radio wires, that can be electronically guided to point in various directions, which is commonly used in receiving wire hypothesis to allude to an electronically tested cluster. In the radio recurrence, the transmitter's current is transmitted to the person receiving it wires in a basic exhibit receiving wire with the proper stage relationship, causing the radio waves from the individual receiving wires to combine to increase radiation in one direction while offsetting undesirable radiation. The force from the transmitter is directed to the radio wires of the staged cluster through stage shifters, which are restricted by a PC system that can electronically adjust the duration of radio waves, allowing them to be driven in a different direction. Phased clusters are most useful in the radio spectrum's high-recurrence bands, such as the UHF and microwave bands, where the radio wire sections are small and the exhibit must be made up of several small radio wires (sometimes thousands) to achieve a high increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robotic manipulator is a complex, nonlinear, connected, and dynamic system with multiple moving parts. As a result, process engineers must develop a dependable controller for the final operation of the system. effector's This study presents a Nonlinear Proportional-Integral-Derivative (NPID) controller for a 2-link planar rigid robot manipulator with actuator for trajectory tracking. Because PID controllers can handle the shortcomings of proportional, integral, and derivative controllers, the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are employed to optimize the controller parameters. In a comparison study, all four optimization approaches were put to the test. The simulation results demonstrate that GWO-PID controllers outperform other optimization techniques, as it has the least value of IAE and they are utilized to demonstrate the usefulness and utility of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric systems include automatic methods for verifying or recognizing a person's identity based on physiological features such as fingerprints or face patterns, as well as behavioural aspects such as handwriting or keystrokes. Some of the most common biometric properties are depicted in the image below. The more reliable system is obtained by using physiological characteristics. The system based on behavioural characteristics is easier to integrate into specific applications but it is not comparatively more genuine than the above-mentioned system. Using biometric features is the only way to ensure the owner's presence during the transaction. With the use of today's technology low-cost construction can be enabled. The biometric system has been adopted widely now – days due to some advantages. Although this technology is upcoming one and it is also facing a lot of challenges but it is growing rapidly in the market in spite of the untrustworthy biometric data including voice or fingerprint of the person. Talking about the effectiveness of biometrics, it is very customer efficient, economically sound for business purpose and it is also more secure method compared to any other authentication approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital content is any content that exists in digital data. Digital media, also known as digital content, is stored in specific formats in digital or analog storage. Digital content forms contain information that is digitally transmitted, streamed, or stored in computer files. Narrowly defined, digital content includes a broader range of media, whereas digital content is defined as any type of digital information. Digital content has grown in popularity as more households have access to the Internet. While studies such as Digital Future are not a substitute for your market research in Focus 2010, they might also be a wonderful start to establish the backdrop where you will finally develop your own research and plan People can now watch news and television online thanks to increased access. Traditional platforms' popularity is under threat. Increased internet access has resulted in the widespread distribution of digital content in the form of eBooks, blog posts, and even Facebook posts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium-based materials are currently the most effective material employed in biomedical, aerospace, and automotive applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, low density, and high damping capacity. Confining to poor strength, wear, and corrosion behavior of Mg materials attributed to the formation of metal matrix composite with suitable usage of reinforcing element. The reinforcing agents are pertaining to act as a beneficial element in order to illustrate the final characteristics of the composites and help in controlling the porosity (%) of the composite. The controlling of porosity (%) is the signification of the addition of an optimum amount of reinforcement in the matrix material. Keeping the degradation rate of Mg material and suitability of an element in non-load applications, Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the most suitable reinforcing element, providing the pathway to rapid recovery of bone tissue to heal and improving the overall mechanical and corrosion resistance behavior of the Mg-based materials. For the preparation of MMCs (metal matrix composites), the Powder metallurgy approach is observed to be beneficial, allowing uniform dispersion of the reinforcing elements in the composites, requiring no machining, and complex shapes can be easily fabricated. The current study paved a way for the different aspects of the hydroxyapatite material in influencing the overall behavior of the composite including the mechanical and corrosion behavior of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]