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1. Structures of the neutron-rich nuclei observed in fission of 252Cf

Author

I. Y. Lee, C. J. Goodin, John O. Rasmussen, S. J. Zhu, S. H. Liu, J. K. Hwang, Y. X. Luo, N. J. Stone, N. T. Brewer, A. V. Ramayya, A. V. Daniel, and J. H. Hamilton

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Isotope, Fission, Chemistry, Excited state, Gammasphere, Neutron, Parity (physics), Atomic physics, Multipole expansion, Ground state
Abstract

Analysis of high statistics triple coincidence fission γ data from 252Cf at Gammasphere including angular correlations yielded well-expanded high-spin level schemes with more complete and reliable spin/parity assignments for 82Ge, 118,120,122Cd and 114,115Rh. Both the quasi-particle/hole couplings and quasi-rotational degrees of freedom are implied to play roles in these Cd isotopes. Evidence for triaxial shapes and octupole components in the Cd isotopes is presented. These Cd isotopes may have triaxial deformations. High-spin level schemes of 114,115Rh have been established for the first time. The existence of a relatively large signature splitting and an yrare band shows typical features of a triaxially deformed nucleus. Possible excited deformed rotational bands are observed, for the first time, in 82Ge. From the multipole mixing ratio measurement, the ground state configurations of 109,111Ru, as well as excited states in 103,107Mo and 111Ru were determined.

Published
2014

2. Collective Motions in A = 100–112 Nuclei

Author

J. H. Hamilton, A. V. Ramayya, J. K. Hwang, S. J. Zhu, C. Goodin, Y. X. Luo, J. O. Rasmussen, S. Frauendorf, G. M. Ter-Akopian, and Hakeem M. Oluseyi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fission, Phonon, Excited state, Nuclear structure, medicine, Atomic physics, Nucleus, Radioactive decay, Spontaneous fission
Abstract

With a very high statistics data set with 5.7×1011 triple and higher fold γ coincidences from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf, a wealth of fascinating new collective motions in nuclei with A = 100–112 have been observed. Nothing was known previously about one‐ and two‐phonon γ‐bands in odd‐A nuclei. We discovered the first one‐and two‐ phonon γ vibrational bands in an odd N‐even Z nucleus, 105Mo. The energies of the one‐ and two‐ phonon bands in 104Mo, 105Mo, 106Mo and 108Mo were recently studied and are remarkably similar in energies. The first chiral doublet bands in e‐e nuclei were observed in triaxial 106,108Mo and 110,112Ru while such chiral band in 108Ru are perturbed by its γ‐soft shape. The experimental evidences, including our recent angular correlation studies are presented along with what these new bands are telling us about the evolving collective structures and deformation in this region.

Published
2010

3. New Band Structures in A∼110 Neutron-Rich Nuclei

Author

S. J. Zhu, J. H. Hamilton, J. G. Wang, H. B. Ding, L. Gu, A. V. Ramayya, J. K. Hwang, S. H. Liu, K. Li, Y. X. Luo, J. O. Rasmussen, I. Y. Lee, Q. Xu, E. Y. Yeoh, Z. G. Xiao, B. Qi, J. Meng, Akira Ozawa, and Weiping Lu

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Spin states, Fission, Phonon, Excited state, Neutron, Gammasphere, Atomic physics, Spontaneous fission
Abstract

The high spin states of neutron‐rich nuclei in A∼110 region have been carefully investigated by measuring prompt γ‐γ‐γ coincident measurements populated in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. Many new collective bands have been discovered. In this proceeding paper, we introduce some interesting new band structures recently observed by our cooperative groups, that is, the one‐phonon‐ and two‐phonon γ‐vibrational bands in odd‐A 103Nb, 105Mo and 107Tc, the chiral doublet bands in even‐even 106Mo, 110Ru and 112Ru, and the pseudospin partner bands with in 108Tc. The characteristics of these band structures have been discussed.The high spin states of neutron‐rich nuclei in A∼110 region have been carefully investigated by measuring prompt γ‐γ‐γ coincident measurements populated in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. Many new collective bands have been discovered. In this proceeding paper, we introduce some interesting new band structures recently observed by our cooperative groups, that is, the one‐phonon‐ and two‐phonon γ‐vibrational bands in odd‐A 103Nb, 105Mo and 107Tc, the chiral doublet bands in even‐even 106Mo, 110Ru and 112Ru, and the pseudospin partner bands with in 108Tc. The characteristics of these band structures have been discussed.

Published
2010

4. Fragment yields obtained at gammasphere for the ternary fission of [sup 252]Cf

Author

G. M. Ter-Akopian, G. S. Popeko, A. V. Daniel, J. H. Hamilton, A. V. Ramayya, J. Kormicki, A. S. Fomichev, A. M. Rodin, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, J. O. Rasmussen, J. K. Hwang, D. Fong, Y. X. Luo, P. Gore, I. Y. Lee, J. D. Cole, M. A. Stoyer, M. Jandel, J. Kliman, L. Krupa, Audrey Chatillon, Herbert Faust, Gabriele Fioni, Dominique Goutte, and Héloise Goutte

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Cold fission, Cluster decay, Fission, Chemistry, Energy cost, Charge density, Gammasphere, Ternary fission, Charge exchange
Abstract

In an experiment carried out at the 4π Ge detector facility Gammasphere the yields of ternary fission events of 252Cf accompanied by the emission of He, Be and C LCPs were measured. For the first time independent yields were measured for 59 pairs of secondary fragments of the He ternary fission and for many fission fragments detected together with the He, Be and C LCPs. With a reasonable assumption that the detected LCPs predominantly are 4He, 10Be and 14C their yields and the charge distributions of fission fragments were conjointly analyzed in terms of the “energy cost” concept first suggested by Halpern.

Published
2009

5. New insights into the collective band structures of nuclei with A = 100–112

Author

J. H. Hamilton, S. J. Zhu, Y. X. Luo, A. V. Ramayya, J. O. Rasmussen, J. K. Hwang, J. G. Wang, Q. Xu, H. B. Ding, S. H. Liu, G. M. Ter-Akopian, A. V. Daniel, Y. Oganessian, Audrey Chatillon, Herbert Faust, Gabriele Fioni, Dominique Goutte, and Héloise Goutte

Subjects
Physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phonon, Degenerate energy levels, Nuclear structure, medicine, Gammasphere, Atomic physics, Ground state, Spin (physics), Nucleus, Effective nuclear charge
Abstract

With our high statistics γ‐γ‐γ data set taken with Gammasphere, we have identified a variety of new phenomena in A = 100–112 nuclei. The one‐ and two‐ phonon γ bands in 104,106Mo have been extended and similar bands identified in 108Mo and for the first time in both an odd N nucleus, 105Mo and an odd Z nucleus, 103Nb. The one‐ and two‐ phonon γ band energy levels in 104,105,106,108Mo are remarkably similar with a trend toward lower energy as N increases. In 108,110,112Ru the one phonon γ bands show a completely different behavior from 104–108Mo with very large odd‐even spin level energy staggering in 112Ru. Our data indicate a maximum triaxiality around 112Ru. In 100Nb which lies between N = 58 and 60 where a sudden shift from spherical to superdeformed structures occurs in Sr and Zr nuclei, we have discovered a Kπ = 1+ deformed ground state band. In 108Tc, we found the first pseudospin partner bands with nearly degenerate energies in this mass region.

Published
2009

6. Discovery of the [sup 109]Xe→[sup 105]Te→[sup 101]Sn alpha decay chain

Author

S. N. Liddick, R. Grzywacz, C. Mazzocchi, R. D. Page, K. P. Rykaczewski, J. C. Batchelder, C. R. Bingham, I. G. Darby, C. Goodin, C. J. Gross, J. H. Hamilton, J. K. Hwang, S. Ilyushkin, D. T. Joss, A. Korgul, W. Królas, K. Lagergren, K. Li, M. N. Tantawy, J. Thomson, J. A. Winger, Lídia S. Ferreira, and Paramasivan Arumugan

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Radioactive ion beams, Alpha (programming language), Ion beam, Chain (algebraic topology), Chemistry, Half-life, Alpha decay, Nucleon, Radioactive decay
Abstract

The alpha decay chain 109Xe→105Te→101Sn was first identified at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Recent developments in digital electronics enabled the detection of both alpha decays despite the short half‐life of 105Te. The development of the software algorithm responsible for extracting the double‐alpha events from the experimental data is ongoing. The possibility of using the derivative of the double‐alpha pulse to selectively identify double alpha pulses shows promise and is being developed.

Published
2007

7. On the alpha decay of [sup 109]I and its implications for the proton decay of [sup 105]Sb

Author

W. Krolas, D. Simpson, J. A. Winger, Carl J Gross, Sean Liddick, K. P. Rykaczewski, C. Mazzocchi, K. Li, Hendrik Schatz, Robert Grzywacz, R. D. Page, J. K. Hwang, J. H. Hamilton, C. R. Bingham, J. C. Batchelder, S. V. Ilyushkin, and A. Korgul

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Recoil, Decay scheme, Q value, Proton decay, Half-life, Alpha decay, Atomic physics, Proton emission, Decay correct
Abstract

In an experiment at the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, the very small α‐decay branch of 109I, bα = (1.4±0.4)⋅10−4, has been measured. The Qα‐value for this transition allowed for the determination of Qp(105Sb) = 356±22 keV, about 130 keV lower than previously claimed. This difference increases the partial half‐life for proton decay by several orders of magnitude, making the probability of observing direct proton decay of 105Sb very small, much below any previous experimental limit. The results and consequences for the astrophysical rp‐process are discussed.

Published
2007

8. Studies of the excitation functions near [sup 100]Sn

Author

A. Korgul, K. P. Rykaczewski, C. J. Gross, R. Grzywacz, S. N. Liddick, C. Mazzocchi, J. C. Batchelder, C. Bingham, C. Goodin, J. H. Hamilton, J. K. Hwang, S. V. Ilyushkin, W. Królas, J. A. Winger, Lídia S. Ferreira, and Paramasivan Arumugan

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Recoil, Spectrometer, Alpha decay, Atomic physics, Nucleon, Particle detector, Radioactive decay, Excitation, Charged particle
Abstract

Production of nuclei above 100Sn in fusion‐evaporation reactions between 58Ni beam and 54Fe target was investigated. Reaction products were studied at Oak Ridge by means of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer and charged particle detection. The yields for the 2n, pn, 3n, p2n, 2pn, p3n and 2p2n fusion‐evaporation channels were measured. These experimental results were used to verify the predictions of the statistical model code HIVAP. The optimum energy for the 54Fe(58Ni,4n)108Xe reaction allowing detection of the 108Xe‐104Te‐100Sn alpha decay chain is deduced as 240 MeV.

Published
2007

9. High Spin States in 136,137La and 148Ce Nuclei

Author

Ming Li, G. S. Li, S. X. Wen, J. H. Hamilton, X. G. Wu, X. L. Che, Y. N. Yu, H. B. Ding, Y. J. Chen, L. H. Zhu, S. D. Xiao, J. K. Hwang, S. J. Zhu, and A. V. Ramayya

Subjects
Physics, Spin states, Oblate spheroid, Deformation bands, Band crossing, Atomic physics
Abstract

High spin states in 136,137La and 148Ce nuclei have been investigated. The new level schemes for these nuclei have been established. In 136La, observed band crossing as well as the signature splitting and inversion in πh11/2⊗νh11/2 band has been discussed. Other two bands were proposed as oblate deformation with γ ∼ −60°. In 137La, several new bands have been established. The band crossing and oblate deformation have been discussed. In 148Ce, the double octupole deformation bands with s = +1 and s = −1 have been proposed.

Published
2006

10. Isomer And Beta-Decay Studies Of Nuclei Near 78Ni

Author

C. R. Bingham, A. C. Morton, W. F. Mueller, K. P. Rykaczewski, Andreas Stolz, Sean Liddick, W. Krolas, M. Karny, M. Steiner, J. H. Hamilton, D. Fong, J. C. Batchelder, J. K. Hwang, P. F. Mantica, Robert Grzywacz, C. Mazzocchi, and J. A. Winger

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Superconducting cyclotron, chemistry, Isotope, Neutron emission, Double beta decay, chemistry.chemical_element, Isotopes of cobalt, Cobalt, Beta decay, Delayed neutron
Abstract

An experiment was performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University to investigate β‐ and isomer decay properties of several isotopes in the vicinity of 78Ni. The identification of an (8+) isomer in 76Ni was confirmed and its deexcitation cascade identified; the β‐decay of 71–73Co was reinvestigated and that of 74Co studied for the first time. First evidence of β‐delayed neutron emission in neutron‐rich cobalt isotopes was also obtained. Preliminary results are reported.

Published
2005

11. First Observation of Excited States in 140Dy

Author

A. V. Ramayya, Y. Larochelle, Mohammed N. Tantawy, Carl J Gross, D. Fong, K. P. Rykaczewski, J. H. Hamilton, K. H. Maier, Robert Grzywacz, C. R. Bingham, Witold Nazarewicz, K. Rykaczewski, Dan Shapira, J. C. Batchelder, C.-H. Yu, A. Piechaczek, W. Królas, Tamás Vertse, J. W. McConnell, E. F. Zganjar, J. A. Winger, András Tibor Kruppa, J. K. Hwang, D. J. Hartley, and T. A. Lewis

Subjects
Physics, Recoil, medicine.anatomical_structure, Proton decay, Excited state, medicine, Atomic physics, Ground state, Mass spectrometry, Nucleus, Coincidence, Line (formation)
Abstract

The mass A = 140 products of the 54Fe (315 MeV) + 92Mo reaction were selected by a recoil mass spectrometer and studied in a recoil ‐ delayed γ‐γ coincidence experiment. A new 7 μs isomer was identified in the drip line nucleus 140Dy. Five cascading γ transitions were assigned to the decay of the Iπ = 8− {v9/2−[514] ⊗ v7/2+[404]} K isomer via the ground state band transitions. The established structure of 140Dy is discussed with reference to the fine structure in proton decay of 141Ho.

Published
2003

12. Excited states in drip line nucleus 140Dy

Author

Chang-Hong Yu, J. A. Winger, D. Shapira, K. H. Maier, C. R. Bingham, Y. Larochelle, J. W. McConnell, J. H. Hamilton, K. P. Rykaczewski, D. Fong, J. K. Hwang, M. N. Tantawy, W. Krolas, A. Piechaczek, A. V. Ramayya, R. Grzywacz, D. J. Hartley, András Tibor Kruppa, C. J. Gross, E. F. Zganjar, T. A. Lewis, J. C. Batchelder, W. Nazarewicz, and T. Vertse

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element, Halo nucleus, Mass spectrometry, Nuclear physics, Recoil, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Excited state, Dysprosium, medicine, Atomic physics, Ground state, Nucleus, Line (formation)
Abstract

A new 7 μs isomer in the drip line nucleus 140Dy was selected from the products of the 54Fe (315 MeV) + 92Mo reaction by a recoil mass spectrometer and studied with recoil ‐ delayed γ‐γ coincidences. Five cascading γ transitions were interpreted as the decay of an Iπ = 8− {v9/2−[514] ⊗ v7/2+[404]} K isomer via the ground state band.

Published
2002

13. Gammasphere fission-gamma-ray studies: Even-odd nuclei near N=82

Author

G. M. Ter-Akopian, J. H. Hamilton, M. A. Stoyer, Xuan Zhang, A. V. Ramayya, C. J. Beyer, J. K. Hwang, Raul Donangelo, J. Kormicki, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, S. C. Wu, A. V. Daniel, K. E. Gregorich, J. O. Rasmussen, S. J. Asztalos, J. D. Cole, Y. X. Luo, A. O. Macchiavelli, S. J. Zhu, E. F. Jones, T. N. Ginter, P. M. Gore, and I. Y. Lee

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Fission, Excited state, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear shell model, Gamma ray, Gammasphere, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Open shell, Excitation, Spontaneous fission
Abstract

New analyses of spontaneous-fission gamma data from our 252Cf Gammasphere runs of 1995 and 2000 have identified new transitions and given improved transition energy and intensity values for known transitions in even-odd fission-product nuclei just beyond the 82-neutron closed shell. New level schemes of N=83 isotones 139Ba83 and 135Te83 and of N=85 isotones 141Ba85, and 139Xe85 are established. Single-particle (hole) excitations and couplings, core excitations, and octupole excitations are assigned to these isotones. A regular sequence found in 135Te is interpreted as a shears band within the tilted-axis cranking model of Frauendorf. The level systematics of N=85 isotones indicate that the octupole excitation moves to higher excitation energy as the Z=50 shell is approached.

Published
2002

14. Structures of Neutron-Rich Nuclei near 132Sn

Author

S. C. Wu, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, K. E. Gregorich, J. Kormicki, Charles M. Folden, J. K. Hwang, A. Gargano, Raul Donangelo, P.M. Zielinski, A. V. Ramayya, C. J. Beyer, E. F. Jones, T. N. Ginter, W. C. Ma, A. Covello, M. A. Stoyer, G. M. Ter-Akopian, J. D. Cole, P. Fallon, Y. X. Luo, A. O. Macchiavelli, I. Y. Lee, J. H. Hamilton, S. J. Asztalos, A. V. Daniel, P. M. Gore, Sh. Zhu, Xuan Zhang, and J. O. Rasmussen

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Isotone, Yrast, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear shell model, Halo nucleus, Nuclear physics, Excited state, Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Excitation, Spontaneous fission
Abstract

We identified γ transitions in several neutron‐rich nuclei near 132Sn produced in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf. These are of interest because they can test shell model calculations. These nuclei are 139Ba, 133,135Te, and 121,123Cd. Excited states in neutron‐rich 133Te exhibit four types of particle‐hole bands built on the known 334.3 keV isomer in 133Te. The yrast and near yrast particle‐hole states observed up to 6.2 MeV in 133Te have characteristics quite similar to those in 134Te. The band starting at 5.214 MeV is assigned as a neutron particle‐hole excitation of the double magic core nucleus, 132Sn and is a candidate for a tilted rotor band. Theoretical shell model calculations show good agreement with the experimental states up to 4.3 MeV. The new level scheme of 139Ba includes 11 new transitions and 10 new levels and is compared with the 83‐neutron isotone 135Te. In 135Te, a tilted rotor band, also, is proposed. Excited states built on the 11/2− isomeric states in neutron‐rich 121,123Cd are iden...

Published
2002

15. Coexistence of symmetric and asymmetric shapes in [sup 145]Ba, [sup 145]La

Author

J. H. Hamilton, S. J. Zhu, W. E. Collins, A. V. Ramayya, P. M. Gore, J. D. Cole, M. G. Wang, L. K. Peker, E. F. Jones, and J. K. Hwang

Subjects
Physics, Spins, Yrast, SHELL model, Nuclear shell model, Shell (structure), Deformation (meteorology), Atomic physics, Spin (physics), Nuclear shape
Abstract

A new region of stable octupole deformation was predicted to occur with its center around the reinforcing shell gaps for β3∼0.15 at Z=56, N=88, and with 56145Ba89 was predicted to be a prime candidate for stable octupole deformation. Evidence for stable octupole deformation was found in 144Ba, 146Ce and expanded to include odd-A 143Ba and other neighboring isotopes but was not observed in 145Ba. Recently we found evidence for the rotational enhancement of stable octupole deformation in 145,147La. In a reinvestigation of 145Ba, two new bands were discovered that are connected by enhanced, intertwined E1 transitions to two different previously known bands in 145Ba. These new data support the predicted presence of octupole deformation in 145Ba, which is rotation-enhanced above about spin 19/2. In both 145La and 145Ba, the low spin ground bands are built on a symmetric rotor shape and at intermediate spins there are shifts to the yrast bands having asymmetric octupole shape. These are the first examples of th...

Published
2000

16. Stable and vibrational octupole modes in neutron rich nuclei

Author

S. J. Zhu, L. K. Peker, E. F. Jones, J. H. Hamilton, J. K. Hwang, A. V. Ramayya, Xuan Zhang, and P. M. Gore

Subjects
Physics, Dipole, Isotope, Spins, Molecular vibration, Nuclear Theory, Parity (physics), Neutron, Deformation (meteorology), Atomic physics, Spin (physics)
Abstract

Evidence for stable octupole deformation in neutron-rich nuclei bounded by Z=54–58 and N=85–92 is described. More vibrational type octupole modes are observed to either side of this region in 140Ba and 152,154Nd. The largest stable octupole deformation (β3∼0.1) is reported in 144Bagg. The theoretically predicted quenching (β3→0) of stable octupole deformation with increased rotation is observed in 146Ba. There is good agreement between theory and experiment for the strongly varying electric dipole moments as a function of mass for 142–148Ba. In odd-A 143Ba and odd-Z, 145La, two pairs of positive and negative parity bands with opposite spins, parity doublets are observed. In 145La the ground band with symmetric shape coexists with the asymmetric octupole shape which stabilizes above about spin 19/2+. The isotope 109Mo was identified and a new region of stable octupole deformation is identified in 107,109Mo centered around N=64–66 as earlier predicted. This is the first case of stable octupole deformation i...

Published
1999

17. New binary and ternary spontaneous modes for [sup 252]Cf and new band structures with gammasphere

Author

J. F. Wild, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, Meng Wang, K. J. Moody, J. H. Hamilton, Stanley G. Prussin, A. V. Ramayya, M. A. Stoyer, Q. H. Lu, M. W. Drigert, P. M. Gore, A. V. Daniel, A. O. Macchiavelli, K. E. Gregorich, R. Aryaeinejad, S. J. Asztalos, W. Greiner, S. Y. Chu, A. Florescu, J. D. Cole, B. R. S. Babu, A. Sandulescu, J. K. Hwang, Y. X. Dardenne, I. Y. Lee, S. J. Zhu, G. M. Ter-Akopian, G. S. Popeko, W. C. Ma, M. F. Mohar, J. Kormicki, R. S. Dodder, R. W. Lougheed, K. Butler-Moore, J. K. Deng, E. F. Jones, T. N. Ginter, and J. O. Rasmussen

Subjects
Fission products, Spins, Fission, Chemistry, Gammasphere, Neutron, Atomic physics, Ternary fission, Ternary operation, Spontaneous fission
Abstract

Prompt γ-γ-γ coincidence studies following spontaneous fission of 252Cf were carried out at Gammasphere first with 36 and later with 72 Ge detectors. Yields and neutron multiplicities were measured directly for Sr-Nd, Zr-Ce Mo-Ba, Ru-Xe, and Pd-Te correlated pairs. A new hot fission mode was discovered going via only 108Mo-144Ba, 107Mo-145Ba, and/or 106Mo-146Ba pairs where one or more of 144,145,146Ba are hyperdeformed at scission with 3:1 axis ratio. For the first time correlated pairs involved in cold ternary fission were observed with the third particle 4He, possibly 6He, and 10Be. The 142-146Ba data provide evidence for the predicted disappearance of stable octupole deformation at high spins. New level structures and isotopes include new octupole deformations, identical bands and other structures.

Published
1997

18. Indian vaccine on COVID-19, competitive analysis.

Author

Rajput, Zeenia and Chopra, Lalita

Subjects
VIRUS diseases, COVID-19, EBOLA virus, CORONAVIRUSES, COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 treatment, PLANT viruses
Abstract

Even before evolved into the modern living style humans are still battling with the so many new evolving viruses, Humans are extended away from winning battles against virus, during the periods so many animal viruses are start affecting humans also and causes big outbreak, causing disease to many lives, some are deadliest cause huge damage to lives of the people. Some viruses including noble corona virus currently in an outbreak round the globe having low fatality rate but still extraordinarily great size threat to public health as we do not have any way to combat with that. There are 12 worst viruses that a person will diseased once they get infected with one of them, a great number of individual's they will get killed, or they growing threat. They are Ebola virus, Marburg virus, HIV, Rabies, Hanta virus, smallpox, Influenza, Rotavirus, SARS-CoV-1 Dengue, SARS-co-2, and MERS-cov-COVID-19 pandemic hit hard all over the world with its greatest impact that none other pandemic might ever have. It was December 2019, when everything is on its track then all of a sudden, many unexplained cases of pneumonia started reporting in WUHAN, CHINA. It takes very few days to spread that unknown viral agent to most parts of the world. That unknown virus then named temporarily as CORONA virus and disease caused is named as COVID-19 viral disease (corona virus disease) by WHO respectively. Now no part of the world is left uninfected. The millions of health workers get united from each and every part of the world get united as a purpose of reviewing this disease, its clinical features, treatment of COVID-19 which is needed. The development and widespread of COVID disease could be prevent morbidity and mortality and midgets the secondary effects associated with nonpharmaceutical interventions, covidshield and covaxin are being developed by, INDIA to limit the covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. The effect of coating application using chitosan enzymatic depolymerization on anthracnose disease suppression in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. 'Arumanis'.

Author

Suryadi, Yadi, Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih, Samudra, I. Made, Akhdiya, Alina, and Karsinah

Subjects
MANGO, ANTHRACNOSE, CHITOSAN, DEPOLYMERIZATION, POSTHARVEST diseases, FUNGAL colonies
Abstract

Mango cv. 'Arumanis' is more prone to postharvest disease. An alternative anthracnose disease control is necessary to reduce use of synthetic pesticides. The research was aimed to develop bioformulation against Colletotrichum spp. Seventeen mango phyllosphere isolates belonging to Gram-positive (7 isolates) and Gram-negative (10 isolates) bacteria were obtained from Bogor and Pasuruan. The FAM 1 isolate produced the highest chitinase (14.7±1.11 ppm). Chitosan (CS) depolymerized with chitinase (D3K, BK2P of Bogor isolates) and mixed with tripolyphosphate (TPP) at a concentration ratio of 5:1 (v/v) could inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum spp. compared with control under in vitro test, however, the level of inhibition was lower (<50%). Further formulations of CS (depolymerized with chitinase of Pasuruan isolates (EGM 1, FAM 1, and BMH) mixed with tripolyphosphate (TPP) using concentration ratio of 5:2 and 5:3 (v/v) was effective to suppress the fungal growth colonies in vitro. The application with a formula CS (FAM 1 isolate) and TPP mixture at ratio 5:2 showed as the highest anthracnose disease suppression in vivo. Candidate formulation to reduce Colletotrichum spp. infections have been obtained in the laboratory. However, in vivo test of various mango cultivars in the field still needs to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. In-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza.

Author

Gunny, Ahmad Anas Nagoor, Qing, Lee Zhi, Mat, Mohd Hishamuddin Che, Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd, Saad, Mohd Nasir Mat, Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Tahir, Muhammad Faheem Mohd, and Mortar, Nurul Aida Mohd

Subjects
CURCUMA, HYPOGLYCEMIC agents, AMYLASE inhibitors, BLOOD sugar, PLANT extracts, AMYLASES
Abstract

Antioxidant is a basic requirement for maintaining good health and antidiabetic is very important for maintaining blood glucose level of diabetes mellitus patients. In this research, natural compounds were extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric). The compounds were extracted using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for in-vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant studies. The extracts were analysed using amylase inhibitory assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Finally, the alpha amylase inhibitor of the extracts was studied to identify the mode of inhibition. From the result obtained, the rhizome extract of C. xanthorrhiza showed the higher antioxidant activity in comparison to the leaves extract of the plant. As for antidiabetic activity, maximum of 70% was observed at 100 µg/ml which was compared with that of the standard, Acarbose that indicated 72% inhibition. The IC50 (Half-Maximal Inhibitory Concentration) of the rhizome extract was found to be 0.4417 and for Acarbose 0.9256. The mode of amylase inhibition exhibited a pattern of competitive inhibition. These results have proven that C. xanthorrhiza is a potentially useful herbal candidate for treatment of diabetic and other diseases related to free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Optimum Mixture of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) Extract as Antiacne.

Author

Batubara, I., Wulandari, P., Darusman, L. K., and Rohaeti, E.

Subjects
CURCUMA, THIN layer chromatography, PHYLLANTHUS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS epidermidis, ANTIOXIDANT testing
Abstract

This study aimed to find the optimum mixture of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) extract as an antiacne based on its activity as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus epidermidis and antioxidants. Temulawak rhizome and meniran were extracted with 96% ethanol. Furthermore, simplex centroid design was used to prepared formula from extract. The tenth formula obtained and tested for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Formula 5 (50% temulawak and 50% meniran) as the most active antiacne formula with IC50 of antioxidant values of 9.47 ppm, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. epidermidis was 0.25 mg/mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1.00 mg/mL. The characteristic by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that formula 5 consisted of xanthorrhizol, phyllanthin, and hypophyllanthin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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22. The Potency of Finger Root (Kaempferia pandurata ROXB) Rhizome Simplicia Decoction as Anti-fertility of Balb C Mice (Mus muscululus).

Author

Handayani, Nursasi, Gofur, Abdul, and Maslikah, Siti Imroatul

Subjects
GENITALIA, PLANT roots, PHYTOCHEMICALS, THERAPEUTIC immobilization, SEMINIFEROUS tubules, MICE, MILK yield
Abstract

Finger root plant (Kaempferia pandurata ROXB) is one of the medicinal plants. Aside from being a spice, based on research, finger root plant can be used as a cough medicine, mouth ulcer, laxative, appetite enhancer, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibiotic, antitumor, antibacterial, abortivum, resorption, increase breast milk production, and affect the fetal weight of mice. The compounds found in the finger root plant are essential oils, starch, resin, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, pinostrolerin, and alipinetin. Plants that contain saponins, flavonoids, and phenols mostly have spermicide or sperm immobilization effects. Based on this, the utilization of finger root rhizomes may have an impact on the reproductive organs. Until now, there are only few studies on the effect of finger root rhizomes on reproductive organs, especially as anti-fertility agent. The use of natural ingredients as anti-fertility agent has smaller side effects than synthetic chemical agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of decoction of finger root rhizomes simplicia on sperm quality of male mice. This research is an experimental research with a Randomized Block Design. Mice used were male mice, aged 10-12 weeks with a weight of 28-32 g. The concentrations used were 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%. Finger root was administrated by gavage method for 18 days. The results showed that decoction of finger root rhizomes affected Balb/C mice (Mus musculus) testis, which tended to reduce seminiferous tubule diameter and thickness of spermatogenic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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23. Anti-Fungal Activity of Essential Oil from Baeckea frutescens L against Pleuratus ostreatus.

Author

Jemi, Renhart, Barus, Ade Irma, Nuwa, Sarinah, and Luhan, Gimson

Subjects
HERBS, ESSENTIAL oils, BIOACTIVE compounds, PLEUROTUS ostreatus, ANTIFUNGAL agents
Abstract

Ujung Atap is an herb that have distinctive odor on its leaves. The plant's essential oil contains bioactive compounds but has not been investigated its anti-fungal activity against Pleurotus ostreatus. Essential oil from Ujung Atap leaves is one environmentally friendly natural preservative. This study consisted of distillation Ujung Atap leaves with boiled method, determining the number of acid, essential oil ester, and anti-fungal activity against Pleurotus ostreatus. Analysis of the data to calculate anti-fungal activity used probit analysis method to determine the IC50. Results for the distillation of leaves Ujung Atap produce essential oil yield of 0.071% and the average yield of the acid number and the ester of essential oils Ujung Atap leaves are 5.24 and 12.15. Anti-fungal activity Pleurotus ostreatus at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, 75 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL BA defunct or fungi was declared dead, while at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 5 µg/mL still occur inhibitory processes. Results obtained probit analysis method IC50 of 35.48 µg/mL; means the essential oil of Ujung Atap leaf can inhibit fungal growth by 50 percent to 35.48 µg/mL concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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24. Structures of the neutron-rich nuclei observed in fission of 252Cf.

Author

Ramayya, A. V., Hamilton, J. H., Goodin, C. J., Brewer, N. T., Hwang, J. K., Luo, Y. X., Liu, S. H., Rasmussen, J. O., Lee, I. Y., Stoned, N. J., Daniel, A. V., and Zhu, S. J.

Subjects
ATOMIC nucleus, NUCLEAR fission, CALIFORNIUM, GAMMASPHERE, ANGULAR correlations (Nuclear physics), PARITY (Physics), NUCLEAR shapes, HIGH spin physics
Abstract

Analysis of high statistics triple coincidence fission γ data from 252Cf at Gammasphere including angular correlations yielded well-expanded high-spin level schemes with more complete and reliable spin/parity assignments for 82Ge, 118,120,122cd and 114,115Rh. Both the quasi-particle/hole couplings and quasi-rotational degrees of freedom are implied to play roles in these Cd isotopes. Evidence for triaxial shapes and octupole components in the Cd isotopes is presented. These Cd isotopes may have triaxial deformations. High-spin level schemes of 114,115Rh have been established for the first time. The existence of a relatively large signature splitting and an yrare band shows typical features of a triaxially deformed nucleus. Possible excited deformed rotational bands are observed, for the first time, in 82Ge. From the multipole mixing ratio measurement, the ground state configurations of 109,111Ru, as well as excited states in 103,107Mo and 111Ru were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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25. Foam injection moulding of a TPO/TPC-blend and the effect of different nucleating agents on the resulting foam structure.

Author

Mueller, J., Spoerrer, A., and Altstaedt, V.

Subjects
PLASTIC foams, INJECTION molding of plastics, NUCLEATING agents, POLYMER structure, SURFACES (Technology), THERMOPLASTIC elastomers
Abstract

The manufacturing of car interior parts with a soft touch surface is possible in a one-step injection moulding process, in which an injection moulded carrier is overmoulded with a compatible foamed thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). In contrast to the complex conventional process the structural foaming of the TPE component allows a saving of one material component as it combines a compact skin and a foamed core. Furthermore the manufacturing process can be achieved on a two component injection moulding machine which offers a much higher economic efficiency. One approach to reach an adhesion between a reinforced PP carrier and the foamed TPE component including good surface resistance is the use of an olefinic-/polyester-based TPE blend (TPO/TPC-blend). This paper is going to show the possibility to process a TPO/TPC-blend system by foam injection moulding with MuCell® and how the resulting foam structure can be influenced by various nucleating agents. For this purpose particles which differ in type, form and size were added in various concentrations to the TPE-blend. Before the structure elucidation of the foamed samples the particle dispersion and their effects on the polymers rheological properties were investigated. Finally abrasion tests were performed to investigate the influence of the particles on the performance characteristics of the foamed blend system. The results showed that the foam structure as well as the surface quality of the foamed TPO/TPC-blend can be improved with the use of suitable nucleating agents. Furthermore the abrasion properties can be advanced with appropriate additives in the right dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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26. Theoretical perspective of nuclear structure of some neutron rich isotones.

Author

Sharma, Chetan, Verma, Preeti, Singh, Suram, Bharti, Arun, and Khosa, S. K.

Subjects
PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), NUCLEAR physics, SPECTRUM analysis, NEUTRONS, CONSTITUTION of matter
Abstract

The purpose of the present work is to interpret the negative parity bands observed in neutron-rich 99Sr, 101Zr and 103Mo nuclei in the framework of Projected Shell Model(PSM). In the present study, the results are obtained for the energy spectrum, transition energies, band diagrams and reduced transition probabilities ratios i.e., B(M1)/B(E2) ratios. Besides this, it is also found from the calculated results that the yrast spectra do not arise from single particle configuration only, but it has multi-quasiparticle structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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27. Study of band structure of neutron-rich Pr isotopes.

Author

Ram, Daya, Krishan, Gopal, Devi, Rani, and Khosa, S. K.

Subjects
ISOTOPES, NEUTRONS, CONSTITUTION of matter, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), NUCLEAR physics
Abstract

The newly established bands in 151,153Pr are studied by using projected shell model approach. The calculated level scheme is in good agreement with the experimental data and the reflection-symmetric-quasi-particle rotor model. The present calculations predict proton g9/2, K = 9/2 band as the lowest positive parity band in both the nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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28. The Tail Exponent for Stock Returns in Bursa Malaysia for 2003–2008.

Author

Rusli, N. H., Gopir, G., and Usang, M. D.

Subjects
STOCK prices, ECONOMIC models, MATHEMATICAL models, TIME series analysis, RATE of return
Abstract

A developed discipline of econophysics that has been introduced is exhibiting the application of mathematical tools that are usually applied to the physical models for the study of financial models. In this study, an analysis of the time series behavior of several blue chip and penny stock companies in Main Market of Bursa Malaysia has been performed. Generally, the basic quantity being used is the relative price changes or is called the stock price returns, contains daily-sampled data from the beginning of 2003 until the end of 2008, containing 1555 trading days recorded. The aim of this paper is to investigate the tail exponent in tails of the distribution for blue chip stocks and penny stocks financial returns in six years period. By using a standard regression method, it is found that the distribution performed double scaling on the log-log plot of the cumulative probability of the normalized returns. Thus we calculate α for a small scale return as well as large scale return. Based on the result obtained, it is found that the power-law behavior for the probability density functions of the stock price absolute returns P(z)∼z-α with values lying inside and outside the Lévy stable regime with values α>2. All the results were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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29. New Band Structures in A∼110 Neutron-Rich Nuclei.

Author

Zhu, S. J., Hamilton, J. H., Wang, J. G., Ding, H. B., Gu, L., Ramayya, A. V., Hwang, J. K., Liu, S. H., Li, K., Luo, Y. X., Rasmussen, J. O., Lee, I. Y., Xu, Q., Yeoh, E. Y., Xiao, Z. G., Qi, B., and Meng, J.

Subjects
PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), ENGINEERING instruments, NUCLEAR fission, NUCLEAR reactions, DELAYED neutrons
Abstract

The high spin states of neutron-rich nuclei in A∼110 region have been carefully investigated by measuring prompt γ-γ-γ coincident measurements populated in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. Many new collective bands have been discovered. In this proceeding paper, we introduce some interesting new band structures recently observed by our cooperative groups, that is, the one-phonon- and two-phonon γ-vibrational bands in odd-A 103Nb, 105Mo and 107Tc, the chiral doublet bands in even-even 106Mo, 110Ru and 112Ru, and the pseudospin partner bands with in 108Tc. The characteristics of these band structures have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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30. Neutron-Rich Nuclei Beyond 132Sn: Spherical Shapes and Octupole Correlations.

Author

Shaohua Liu, Hamilton, Joseph H., Ramayya, Akunuri V., Goodin, Christopher T., Yixiao Luo, Rasmussen, John O., Covello, Aldo, Gargano, Angel, Stone, Nick J., Daniel, Andrey V., Ter-Akopian, Gurgen M., Oganessian, Yuri Ts., Jae-Kwang Hwang, and Shengjiang Zhu

Subjects
NEUTRONS, GAMMASPHERE, NUCLEAR fission, MAGNETIC dipoles, DIPOLE moments
Abstract

Nuclear properties of nuclei with a few valence nucleons outside the doubly-magic 132Sn core and located in the octupole correlation region have been investigated via γ-γ-γ coincidence measurements of prompt gamma-ray emitted in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with Gammasphere. The high spin level scheme of 134I has been identified for the first time. Shell model calculations reproduce the level scheme quite well. The level schemes of 137I and 139Cs have been reinvestigated and extended. Their nuclear structure is well described by realistic shell model calculations. The g-factors of the 4+ state in 134Te, 15/2+ state in 135I, and 15/2- state in 137Xe were determined using a newly developed program for angular correlation analysis. The measured g-factors compared favorably with shell model calculations. Octupole correlations are proposed in 141Cs and 142Cs. The variations of D0 in the Cs isotopes exhibit a pronounced drop of dipole moment with increasing neutron number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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31. New insights into the collective band structures of nuclei with A = 100–112.

Author

Hamilton, J. H., Zhu, S. J., Luo, Y. X., Ramayya, A. V., Rasmussen, J. O., Hwang, J. K., Wang, J. G., Xu, Q., Ding, H. B., Liu, S. H., Ter-Akopian, G. M., Daniel, A. V., and Oganessian, Y.

Subjects
ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics), GAMMASPHERE, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), NUCLEAR physics, NUCLEAR energy
Abstract

With our high statistics γ-γ-γ data set taken with Gammasphere, we have identified a variety of new phenomena in A = 100–112 nuclei. The one- and two- phonon γ bands in 104,106Mo have been extended and similar bands identified in 108Mo and for the first time in both an odd N nucleus, 105Mo and an odd Z nucleus, 103Nb. The one- and two- phonon γ band energy levels in 104,105,106,108Mo are remarkably similar with a trend toward lower energy as N increases. In 108,110,112Ru the one phonon γ bands show a completely different behavior from 104–108Mo with very large odd-even spin level energy staggering in 112Ru. Our data indicate a maximum triaxiality around 112Ru. In 100Nb which lies between N = 58 and 60 where a sudden shift from spherical to superdeformed structures occurs in Sr and Zr nuclei, we have discovered a Kπ = 1+ deformed ground state band. In 108Tc, we found the first pseudospin partner bands with nearly degenerate energies in this mass region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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32. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Based Chemically Assisted Plasma Etching Of Silicon in CF4/Ar Plasma.

Author

Bhardwaj, R. K., Angra, S. K., Bajpai, R. P., Lal, Madan, and Bharadwaj, Lalit M.

Subjects
CYCLOTRONS, PARTICLE accelerators, SEMICONDUCTOR wafers, MICROELECTRONICS, MAGNETIC fields, QUANTUM electrodynamics
Abstract

Etching of silicon in Chemical Assisted Plasma Etching mode with CF4 gas being sprayed on the surface of wafer in process chamber and Ar fed to ECR cavity in Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) source was carried out. The plasma source was 2.45 GHz microwave source superimposed with mirror type magnetic field configuration to have resonance. Effect of CF4/Ar ratio and substrate bias on etching rate of silicon and anisotropy of etched profile has been investigated. The variation of etch rate and anisotropy has been correlated to the availability of fluorine atoms and other radicals available for etching. Optimum parameters required for etching of silicon in chemical assisted plasma etching with self-assembled ECR plasma source has been established. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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33. Structures of Neutron-Rich Nuclei near 132Sn.

Author

Hamilton, J. H., Ramayya, A. V., Hwang, J. K., Luo, Y. X., Jones, E. F., Gore, P. M., Beyer, C. J., Zhang, X. Q., Kormicki, J., Rasmussen, J. O., Zhu, S. Z., Wu, S. C., Ginter, T. N., Folden, C. M., Fallon, P., Zielinski, P., Gregorich, K. E., Macchiavelli, A. O., Lee, I-Yang, and Stoyer, M.

Subjects
NUCLEAR shell theory, TIN isotopes, EXCITED state chemistry
Abstract

We identified &b.gamma; transitions in several neutron-rich nuclei near [SUP132]Sn produced in the spontaneous fission of [SUP252]Cf. These are of interest because they can test shell model calculations. These nuclei are [SUP139]Ba, [SUP133,135]Te, and [SUP121,123]Cd. Excited states in neutron-rich [SUP133]Te exhibit four types of particle-hole bands built on the known 334.3 keV isomer in [SUP133]Te. The yrast and near yrast particle-hole states observed up to 6.2 MeV in [SUP133]Te have characteristics quite similar to those in [SUP134]Te. The band starting at 5.214 MeV is assigned as a neutron particle-hole excitation of the double magic core nucleus, [SUP132]Sn and is a candidate for a tilted rotor band. Theoretical shell model calculations show good agreement with the experimental states up to 4.3 MeV. The new level scheme of [SUP139]Ba includes 11 new transitions and 10 new levels and is compared with the 83-neutron isotone [SUP135]Te. In [SUP135]Te, a tilted rotor band, also, is proposed. Excited states built on the 11/2[SUP-] isomeric states in neutron-rich [SUP121,123]Cd are identified. The new data indicate that the 11/2[SUP-] isomers in odd-A Cd isotopes with N>74 have spherical shapes similar to those in Te while the Cd ground states are likely deformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

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