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A simple and effective technology for creating soft magnetic composites based on Fe-6.5% Si is proposed. It consists of the use of wet mixing of ferromagnetic powder with a relatively high amount (6 wt. %) of silane coupling agent followed by the addition of ceramic (3 wt %) and cold uniaxial pressing of the obtained system. The magnetic properties, temperature stability of permeability and energy losses in the obtained composites, as well as the effect of pressing pressure on the magnetic characteristics, were studied. The resulting SMCs have a high density, low coercivity and losses, good stability of magnetic permeability, and most importantly, the proposed technology, can be scaled up to produce high silicon steel-based soft magnetic composites for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the focus is developing whole Systems on a Chip (SoC) wherein: integrate the total electronic system functions, together with digital and analog circuits, on a single silicon die. Every day new products go out to the market offering less power consumption, reduced size, altogether with additional functions and capabilities. On one side, it is important to consider that CMOS technologies have played an important role in the development of the integrated applications. CMOS is the most cost-effective technology and seems to be the cheapest substitute for the foreseen future. A vital part of the design of analog integrated circuits is to build reference voltages and currents with precise values. To achieve this on-chip, so bandgap reference circuits are generally used. A classic application for reference voltages is analog-to-digital conversion. The purpose of the work is to design & implement a bandgap reference generator for converter applications. The project is implemented in 0.18µM CMOS technology. The focus of this project is to design a CMOS bandgap reference generator for converter applications. The proposed bandgap circuit is able to generate a reference voltage of 1.17V. The generated voltage is insensitive to temperature variations from -30°C to +80°C and power supply change (Due to noise produced on silicon). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the basic needs for human survival is Shelter. In India, the population is very high and the number of houses is few to accommodate. Generally, construction work consumes more money. So, building houses for low-income families poses a great challenge. Constructing own house is still a dream for LIG and middle-class peoples. To reduce this, the Low-Cost Housing concept is introduced. Low-Cost Housing is a new concept which deals with effective budgeting and following of techniques which helps in reducing the cost construction through the use of locally available materials along with improved skills and technology without sacrificing the Strength, Performance and life of the structure. It provides us a challenge to use the natural materials to reduce the wastage obtained from industries and environment pollution. And also using this cost-effective technology will not only save money but also reduce co2 emission, save time and faster construction. In this study, Low-cost building materials available are discussed and potential for the materials to be used as alternative building materials was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), or 3D printing, of continuous fibre reinforced composites allows getting advanced materials (steered-fibres, dispersed stacking sequence laminates or functionally graded composites), as well as complex geometries (cellular structures or metamaterials). However, FFF presents several drawbacks, especially when large-projected area or high-fibre content composite parts are required. On the other side, stamp forming of organo-sheet thermoplastic composites is a cost-effective technology, but with severe geometric limitations. Combining both technologies, by over-3D printing on the organo-sheet, can be a promising approach to add the best of each of them. The effect of the organo-sheet temperature on the shear strength of the bonding interface is studied. The results show that strong bonding interface can be achieved when the correct substrate temperature is chosen. In fact, it is largely improved if the interface temperature is higher than the melting temperature of the substrate layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molten salt technology represents nowadays the most cost-effective technology for electricity generation for solar power plant. The molten salt tower receiver is based on a field of individually sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) that reflect the incident sunshine to a receiver at the top of a centrally located tower. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of several transients issued from different scenarios (failure or normal operation mode) on the receiver dynamic behavior. A dynamic detailed model of Solar Two molten salt central receiver has been developed. The component model is meant to be used for receiver modeling with the ThermoSysPro library, developed by EDF. The paper also gives the results of the dynamic simulation for the selected scenarios on Solar Two receiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KM3NeT is a large research infrastructure, that will consist of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. The main objective of KM3NeT is the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. A further physics perspective is the measurement of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. A corresponding study, ORCA, is ongoing within KM3NeT. A cost effective technology for (very) large water Cherenkov detectors has been developed based on a new generation of low price 3-inch photo-multiplier tubes. Following the successful deployment and operation of two prototypes, the construction of the KM3NeT research infrastructure has started. The prospects of the different phases of the implementation of KM3NeT are summarised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling and simulation activities play a key role in the design phase and performance optimization of complex energy processes. It is also expected that they will play a significant role in the future for power plant maintenance and operation (load variation, system startup, system shutdown …). Molten salt technology represents nowadays the most cost-effective technology for electricity generation for solar power plant. The molten salt tower receiver is based on a field of individually sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) that reflect the incident sunshine to a receiver at the top of a centrally located tower. The molten salt tower receiver is based on a field of individually sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) that reflect the incident sunshine to a receiver at the top of a centrally located tower. Typically 90 to 95 percent of the reflected energy is absorbed into the working fluid (molten salt), which is pumped through the receiver. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of salt crystallization in the receiver tubes for the gravity drainage scenario in the case of absence of solar irradiation. The temperature of the molten salt in the pipes will be calculated during the drainage of the receiver. A detailed dynamic model of Solar Two molten salt central receiver has been developed. The component model is meant to be used for receiver modeling with the ThermoSysPro library, developed by EDF and released under open source license. The paper gives a detailed description of the model, data and the results of the dynamic simulation for several scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is a versatile and fast method for implanting energetic ions into large and complex shaped three-dimensional objects where the ions are accelerated by applying negative high voltage pulses to a substrate immersed in a plasma. As the line-of-sight restrictions of conventional implanters are circumvented, it results in a fast and cost-effective technology. Implantation of nitrogen at 30 – 40 keV at moderate temperatures of 200 – 400 °C into steel circumvents the diminishing thermal nitrogen activation encountered, e.g., in plasma nitriding in this temperature regime, thus enabling nitriding of additional steel grades. Nitride formation and improvement of the mechanical properties after PIII are presented for several steel grades, including AISI 316Ti (food industry), AISI D2 (used for bending tools) and AISI 1095 (with applications in the textile industry). © 2003 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to compare the power production capacity of Mesophilic and Psychrophilic conditions operated Double chamber microbial fuel cells (DMFC) using slaughterhouse wastewater. The wastewater samples collected from MFC operated with Mesophilic conditions (N=31) and Psychrophilic conditions (N=31) for 11 days (G power 80%). Multimeter was used to measure voltage and current, power and power density (PD) were calculated for both groups. The power production was found to be higher in MFC operated with Mesophilic conditions (671mW/m2)compared to Psychrophilic conditions (227 mW/m2). It was found that power generation of MFC operated with mesophilic conditions (P<0.001) was significantly higher compared with Psychrophilic conditions when carried out anIndependent sample t test. The study shows that MFC operated with Mesophilic conditions is able to generate more power compared to Psychrophilic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is experiencing the fastest technological changes to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of the body. Offering ubiquitous connectivity of bountiful real-time information sharing alongside functional benefits that accompany them, the Web of Things has turned into a charming power in the healthcare industry. The Internet of Things is like a digital fabric that is woven into the lives of all of us in one way or another. It's an arrangement of interrelated computing appliances, programmatic and mechanical machinery, creatures, or individuals that collect and share information about how they're utilized and about the climate around them. Until the only way to communicate with doctors was through visits and text messages. Hospitals and doctors could not keep track of the patient's condition and offer advice regularly. By the virtue of connecting any individual with the technology-driven virtual platform from an arbitrary position, it's an outstanding idea for medication, with medical care IoT expanding mutually with distant patients examining and electronic health records to transform the very approach of care. This paper discusses the available solutions to overcome prime causes behind maternal ailment and demise comprise hypertension and labor dystocia, along with the promise to develop healthcare solutions and support the accelerated elderly population both in their own houses and in retirement homes. This paper presents the best in class research of related areas, evaluating their strengths, weaknesses, and sustainability. It also discusses the affiliation of non-invasive biomedical sensors that collect bio-physiological signals like maternal respiration rate, fetal movement, body temperature, ECG, fall detection, blood pressure, and photoplethysmogram (PPG) by monitoring and registering patients vital information as well as to provide mechanisms to trigger alarms in emergencies along with health-improving suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive review of photovoltaic solar cells, direct and indirect, recent advances and potential environmental risk associated with the disposal of the cells is presented. The current paper details advances made in the area of direct method and indirect methods of harvesting. The author also reviews different PV technologies and collection technologies prevalent. Furthermore, the paper highlights future research trends for commercialization of harvesting from solar farms. As fossil-based fuels pose significant pollution for the environment, solar cells also pose a risk to the ecological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mahuvan toll plaza is one of the toll plazas on National Highway-44 in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It also happens to be the busiest of the toll plazas in the state. This paper examines the present causes of traffic congestion and proposes remedies to alleviate the situation. MTC (Manual Toll Collection) and ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) are the two charging systems that are responsible for the majority of the delays and queues. This toll plaza has a mixed lane system, which means that both MTC and ETC cars can pass via the same lane at the same time. Aside from that, some more reasons of traffic congestion were discovered with the use of the data collected and a visual on-site assessment. Taking all of these factors into consideration, this study proposes a variety of solutions to these issues. Based on the traffic volumes, it was discovered that the toll booth capacity and the type of toll service had an impact on the operation of the traffic flow and the efficiency of the toll plaza. Several recommended designs for varied traffic conditions and toll plaza setups have been proposed in light of the problems that have been discovered at the Mahuvan Toll Site. It is hoped that this research would be valuable in management and decision-making situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate and well-defined path as a navigation system that allows blind users to find an optimal path and guide them to the right path which is obstacle-free using my simple camera and can process all information from the camera locally. This extension is based on executing the dazzle help route framework utilizing Computer Vision and Profound Learning. For absolutely evaluating Question Properties Utilizing Visual Picture data. The computer vision system can help navigate the impact of people using natural language processing. A custom-built image processing model to understand the surroundings and provide an optical routing path to help the blind person reach their destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient use of resources in the cotton industry of the country, measures to increase the effectiveness of the introduction of resource-saving technologies are among the issues of national importance. In particular, in the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 [1] modernization of agriculture, introduction of intensive methods of agricultural production, first of all, modern agro-technologies that save water and other resources, use of high-yield agricultural machinery such issues have been identified as a priority. It was also noted that there are no effective mechanisms to provide economic incentives for the introduction of water-saving technologies in cotton, government support for local producers who supply components for drip irrigation systems. In this regard, it is important to expand the scope of research to increase the effectiveness of the introduction of resource-saving technologies in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the relationship between the deformation properties of spun yarns and the properties of knitted fabrics. During the study, yarns numbered Ne = 30 were spun using the card and compact melange method. A special device was developed to determine the deformation properties of the yarns taken for sampling. The sample yarns were used to weave a lastic knit fabric. To determine the density of this fabric, the number of loops on the surface width and length of 5 cm2 was determined. The results are presented in the form of tables and graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a growing population and changing dynamics in the global food markets, it is critical to develop solutions for more resilient food production methods closer to metropolitan areas. With the world's population continually rising, man has devised new and novel methods of agricultural cultivation. This cultivation is mostly centered in rural parts of countries worldwide; but, with today's growing urbanization, it is becoming increasingly difficult to have enough agricultural products to meet the massive output. Vertical farming has the potential to reduce the demand for new farmland, contribute to a cleaner environment, and address food security concerns. Automation is now regarded as a critical technology that is utilized in a wide range of sectors and projects for controlling and monitoring of numerous phenomena such as water supply, room temperature, voltage fluctuation, and so on. As a result, vertical farming has the potential to deliver the highest yield per area. Hence, the goal of this research is to create a concept for vertical hydroponics control systems (VHCS) by identifying the system's components, assembling the microcontroller, input and output of the system so that they can read the parameters that affect plant growth, and combining all of these input and output so that it can become a complete vertical hydroponics control system (VHCS). The system was created after examining numerous types of vertical hydroponic systems in terms of cost, energy usage, and viability for use as an indoor automated system. The scope of this job will include the construction of the vertical hydroponics tower for testing, the assembly of all the system's inputs and outputs, the creation of programs to read data from sensors, and the collection of sensor readings. The last phase involves evaluating the entire system by planting a leafy crop and monitoring the quality and quantity of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things(IoT) has changed the world into a smart and autonomous world. The way in which we interact with each other and with the environment has changed.The IoT is experiencing exponential growth in research and industry, but still suffers from privacy and security issues. The integration of blockchain technology with Internet of Things (IoT) has resolved many challenges faced by Internet of Things (IoT) such as decentralization, poor interoperability, privacyand security vulnerabilities. Blockchain when combined with IoT can solve many challenges of IoT systems. This integration will come out to be the better system for the environment in many aspects specially security which is the most important aspect to be considered. Also, the distributed ledger of Blockchain which when used in IoT can resolve many issues like scalability and authenticity. However, the integration of Blockchain technology with IoT originates various challenges like storage capacity and scalability, security, anonymity and data privacy etc. We first introduce Blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT) and key characteristic of this integration. We will also concentrate the issued resolved by blockchain technology in Internet of Things (IoT). The main concern of this paper is to discuss the various challenges of integration of blockchain into IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low cost fabrication of thermally stable solar coatings having high photo-thermal performance through high deposition rate processes represents one of the most demanding challenges in linear focusing Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology. Since 2005, ENEA has been developing and patenting solar coatings suitable for medium and high temperature applications based on the technology of double nitride cermet. The absorber layer of these coatings is characterized by a graded multilayer cermet of tungsten nitride and aluminium nitride (WN-AlN), while the ceramics of the antireflection filter are constituted by aluminium nitride (AlN) and silica (SiO2). The technology employed to deposit the ceramic component of all cermet materials, as well as of the antireflection filter, is reactive magnetron sputtering in poisoned mode, which does not allow obtaining the best trade-off between deposition rate and energy consumption. In order to improve the economic feasibility of linear focusing CSP solar plant, a cost-effective process was developed in the present work to produce spectral selective coatings for solar receiver tubes. To achieve this objective, the reactive magnetron sputtering technology in transition mode was applied to deposit all ceramic constituents of solar coatings. In detail, the antireflection ceramics were deposited through "dual magnetron" reactive sputtering in transition mode with Medium Frequency (MF) supply and using a Plasma Emission Monitoring (PEM) control system to maintain unchanged the target conditions during the process. It was found that, when using this technology in place of that in poisoned mode, the deposition rate improves by 1.6 and 2.3 times for AlN and SiO2, respectively. Regarding the graded multilayer cermet, while the ceramic component was deposited by "dual magnetron" reactive sputtering in transition mode with MF supply, the metallic component was deposited by "standard magnetron" sputtering with Direct Current (DC) supply. The process control through PEM system was simplified in this case by introducing N2 only from the gas-ring around the Al targets. Since in this configuration the reactive gas flow was not sufficient to promote the formation of WN as metallic component inside the cermet, the double nitride cermet WN-AlN was replaced by W-AlN. A fast procedure was developed to grow the W-AlN multilayer cermet by employing only one hysteresis curve to control the deposition process and grow the cermet layers in sequence. Specifically, this method presents the advantage that it is not necessary to stop and re-start PEM control, power supply and gas injection between the deposition of consecutive cermet layers. The fast procedure was applied to fabricate the absorber layer of the solar coating allowing to obtain a 44% reduction in the energy consumption by replacing WN with W as a metallic component of the multilayer cermet. The coating was subjected to a stability study at high temperature including the estimation of thermal degradation of the photo-thermal parameters after heat treatments under vacuum (2·10−2 Pa) for a total duration of 33 days at the temperature of 620 °C. The results revealed that no appreciable modification occurred in terms of solar absorptance (αs), while a very small increment of thermal emittance (εth) was evaluated at 400°C, thus demonstrating the excellent thermal stability of the produced coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With reference to a new method of producing gas hydrates, based on a self-organizing cyclic boiling-condensation process of a hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water, a study was conducted aimed at determining the effect of water level in the working section on the synthesized mass of gas hydrate. The optimum water level at the working site was found at which the hydrate mass output was maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental study of the synthesis of carbon dioxide gas hydrate by a method based on the explosive boiling up of a liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water during decompression. The experimental method is described and the ways of the process intensification are reflected. The effect of gas consumption during decompression on the synthesis of gas hydrate is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of perturbation (as overlay) by leafy vegetation (leaf and stem) on the frequency response and E and H plane radiation pattern of Ag thick film micro strip annular ring antenna is reported. Using the changes in the frequency response the moisture dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity of leaf and stem of Ficus Bengalensis (FB) and Ficus Relegiosa (FR) have been calculated. The stem part of leafy vegetation has been investigated for the first time using the overlay technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper presents experimental studies on the production of Freon 134a gas hydrate by a method based on the explosive boiling of a liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water during decompression. It is shown that in the method there is a simultaneous imposition of several factors leading to the intensification of the process of synthesis of gas hydrates, as a result of which a large amount of gas hydrate is formed in a short time. The ratio of the initial mass of gas to the initial mass of water per part of the gas transferred to the gas hydrate is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M-health has changed the conventional delivery system of health-care, permitting continuous, pervasive Health-care anywhere, anytime. Chronic disease apps are increasing, as many health workers, patients and clinicians already embracing smartphones in their comprehensive and diverse practices. There are lots of challenges and requirements that need to be addressed for mobile health applications to prevent or eliminate design problems and minimize potential threats for users, the proposed factors for chronic disease mobile applications can be used as a guide for app developers While, the usability testing, and evaluations of chronic disease apps have not yet touched the accuracy level of other web based applications. This study is being conducted to learn about challenges of m- health apps and to identify the factors that affect the usability of such applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work reports eco-friendly and cost effective sol-gel technique for synthesis of Chromium doped ZnO nanoparticles at room temperature. In this process Zinc nitrate, Chromium nitrate were used as precursor. Structural as well as optical properties of Cr induced ZnO samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), SEM, PL and UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) respectively. XRD analysis shows that the samples have hexagonal (wurtzite) structure with no additional peak which suggests that Cr ions fit into the regular Zn sites of ZnO crystal structure. By using Scherrer's formula for pure and Cr doped ZnO samples the average grain size was found to be 32 nm. Further band gap of pure and doped ZnO samples have been calculated by using UV-Vis spectra. The photo-catalytic degradation of methyl blue dye under UV irradiation was examined for synthesized samples. The results show that the concentration plays an important role in photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tube bending using an elastomere pad is a flexible bending technique, which belongs to the group of kinematic bending technologies. This new process allows the spatial forming of tubes with variable bending radii and an increased residual formability. The tubes are formed between a rigid roller and a hyperelastic polyurethane pad. In complex bending operations with variable curvatures along the profile axis kinematic shaping shows important advantages regarding set-up times and tooling costs. The complex co-action of the process factors necessitates new concepts in process planning. This attempt is solved by a FE modeling. For the optimization of the bending technology regarding tube ovalization and curvature generation different materials have been investigated and evaluated using FE simulation. Simulative parameter studies are shown to describe the influence of mass scaling and frictional behavior. The paper describes the technical set-up as well as the results of the FE simulation of this new bending technology. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

© 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's upstream oil and gas facilities frequently involve the combination of high pressures, high temperatures, and highly corrosive environments, requiring equipment that is thick wall, corrosion resistant, and cost effective. When significant concentrations of CO2 and/or H2S and/or chlorides are present, corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) can become the material of choice for separator equipment, piping, related components, and line pipe. They can provide reliable resistance to both corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement. For these applications, the more commonly used CRA's are 316L, 317L and duplex stainless steels, alloy 825 and alloy 625, dependent upon the application and the severity of the environment. Titanium is also an exceptional choice from the technical perspective, but is less commonly used except for heat exchangers. Explosion clad offers significant savings by providing a relatively thin corrosion resistant alloy on the surface metallurgically bonded to a thick, lower cost, steel substrate for the pressure containment. Developed and industrialized in the 1960's the explosion cladding technology can be used for cladding the more commonly used nickel based and stainless steel CRA's as well as titanium. It has many years of proven experience as a reliable and highly robust clad manufacturing process. The unique cold welding characteristics of explosion cladding reduce problems of alloy sensitization and dissimilar metal incompatibility. Explosion clad materials have been used extensively in both upstream and downstream oil, gas and petrochemical facilities for well over 40 years. The explosion clad equipment has demonstrated excellent resistance to corrosion, embrittlement and disbonding. Factors critical to insure reliable clad manufacture and equipment design and fabrication are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains some properties of wide-band gap zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films cathodic electrodeposited from an aqueous solution composed 0,1 M zinc nitrate at 65°C. Transparent conducting optically glass coated with tin oxide (SnO2) was used as cathode. Preparing of the ZnO films, structural, morphological and optical characteristics are reported in this paper. The ZnO film was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope. Also the optical transmission spectrum was recorded. The films are polycrystalline with grains in size of 0,1μm to 0,2μm. The optical band gap study gave a direct gap of 3,4 eV. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is at present often used as transparent conductive oxides (TCO), especially in thin film solar cells. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]