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Welding of the two metal are become advance with technological innovation. Fusion method of the material is also incorporated in the welding of the aluminum, specially die casted aluminum A number of the experiment had been done to find out the best way to weld the aluminum and method come as the friction stir welding (FSW). The optimize condition were created for the welding and analyzed to check it the problem associated with the aluminum welding. the result for the condition is come out as optimum condition will have depended upon the down force of the plunge tool. During the analysis of the welding three different conditions have been notify as first condition was related with excess of the passing heat which results in the more flash mass and second one is produced when the proper heat is not passing to the work piece and formed a cavity and last one is cavity formation due to abnormal melting of the metal. The tool plunges down force effect is low for this aspect of defect, although the magnitude of the imperfection due to inadequate heat contribution decreases meaningfully as the down force increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the relatively inexpensive alternative energy sources in terms of production and relatively environment friendly was the development of bioethanol from urban wastes that contain many lignocellulose such as paper waste. This study characterizes the composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in blank HVS paper, inked HVS and newspaper. The results showed the predominate cellulose (49-60 %) while the lignin concentration was very low due to the removal of colors (lignin) in the manufacturing process. The experiments continued with synthesis of bioethanol through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process. A combination of enzymes (Cellulase + Cellobiase) in 1:1 weight ratio and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for hydrolysis and fermentation in the SSF process. Paper waste from newspapers, inked HVS, and empty HVS papers were used as raw materials. The initial pH of SSF in the column was at pH 5. Variation of enzyme concentration was carried at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 g. The SSF process was carried out at incubation time of 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The ink affected the concentration of bioethanol produced. In this study, the best bioethanol content was produced by inked HVS and Newspapers at 0.5 grams of enzyme with a concentration of 1531 and 1111 ppm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 has become a global concern as it has ended the lives of lakhs of people. The study done by. Lin proposed the results of an analysis of a theoretical computational model of epidemiology taking into account the crucial components such as response of an individual behavior, measures taken by government, rapid transmission and emigration of fever virus to a huge extent of human population. Simple model framework has been used by them to examine the requirements of essential elements.Problem: We claim the perfect validation of the assumptions stated for the purpose of modeling and its analysis, however, the analytical solution of the presented model is not discussed. And thus have a poor potential to make computational estimates.Methodology adopted: We have tried to present and validate the mathematical/analytic solution of the developed model, considering their assumptions.Conclusion: We have reached to the outcome that the work presented by Q. Lin should be demonstrated adequately with a cautionary advice of not to consider the results and analysis of such numerical models.The current study proposed the results of an analysis of a theoretical computational model of epidemiology taking into account the crucial components such as response of an individual behavior, measures taken by government, rapid transmission and emigration of fever virus to a huge extent of human population. Simple model framework has been used by them to examine the requirements of essential elements. We claim the perfect validation of the assumptions stated for the purpose of modeling and its analysis, however, the analytical solution of the presented model is not discussed. The decision point of this work is to adequately demonstrate along with the cautionary advice of not to use the outcomes and analysis of such numerical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic technologies are overgrowing with an improvement in their capabilities, such as "autonomy" and "mobility". The two main forces driving these advancements are economics and safety. Often referred to as the "three D's": Dirty, Dangerous and Dull, many tasks performed by humans are either dangerous, such as tactical reconnaissance, or highly repetitive, such as patrolling in an industrial factory. Autonomous Mobile Robots are often well suited to these tasks because they can be more consistent and relatively expendable. These robots have historically been designed to replace humans in these dangerous and dull tasks, which means they are designed with human-like capabilities. There is a growth in the development of intelligent systems based on mobile sensors due to increased demand for automated surveillance of indoor and outdoor environments, such as production plants, airports, warehouses, military etc. The fundamental optimization problems related to environmental map representation, localization, navigation, and surveillance tasks have been addressed entirely in most robotic surveillance schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface of filter paper was modified by an ecofriendly photografting process, carried out by using as modifiers commercial products based on fluorinated monomers with chain length ranging from C8 to C2. The grafting process was optimized mainly focusing on the properties conferred to the modified filter paper, that is hydrophobicity, oleophobicity and water-oil separation efficiency. The aim was to assess the influence of the chain length of the fluorinated monomer on the filter performance, evaluating the possibility to replace the long chain pollutant products with the safer ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology for efficient use of spectrum resources, to make it more energy-efficient there is a need for energy harvest cognitive radio networks (EH-CRN). In EH-CRN energy harvest uses ambient energy sources, but the random nature of sources makes the implementation of EH-CRN more difficult. Extensive research is conducted in the past few years to address the issues in the implementation of EH-CRNs. This paper reviews the previous and recent improvements in EH-CRNs and systematically presents the merits and demerits of each. Finally, this review paper is presented to help new researchers and to make them familiar with the concepts of EH- CRNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the inclination toward eating out has become a prime choice everywhere. It is the result of working parents, micro family, and disposable income. People are looking for a good time to spend and relax. Resulting in many new hotels and restaurant are coming up day by day. In this competitive environment, restaurants are suffering from low business and find it difficult to survive in the market. Restaurant management is not able to identify the drawback of its products, services, and is thriving for new strategy and development. Therefore, this paper aims to find out various customer satisfaction practices existing in the catering industry and its effect on customer satisfaction and retention. This is a review paper using secondary data analysis based on various published journals, articles collected from various leading journals in the field of hospitality and tourism. The findings of the paper are factors such as food quality and authenticity, personal touch, physical ambiance, and value for money,staff behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of non-traditional types of organic waste in vermicomposting in the territory of the middle taiga forest zone of Western Siberia in greenhouses. The main objects of the study were brewer's grains, waste from the production of the Kristal brewing company in the city of Surgut and wastewater sludge from the treatment facilities of the Gorvodokanal in Surgut. Additionally, the composition of complex composts included sand, office waste paper, waste coffee, food waste, leaf and grass litter, bird droppings and the microbiological additive ''Tamir". The compost worms of the Eisenia foetida ''Prospector" species were used as vermiculture. In a series of experiments, individuals of immature worms were used. The resulting vermicomposting is more effective in quality than the original substrates. The use of the hybrid Prospector can be effectively used in the disposal of non-traditional organic waste. Complex composts mature more efficiently when microbiological additives are added. In the studied substrates, the content of heavy metals was reduced to maximum permissible levels of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of a smart city relies upon six key factors, which are smart governance, environment, living, people and mobility. This paper focuses on the smart mobility factor, within the context of a smart university which is a surrogate of a smart city. A proof of concept transport system will be developed. The transport system will consist of a third-generation bicycle-sharing platform, which will explore the usage of several technology paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The transportation system will consist of a permissioned Proof Of Authority (POA) blockchain network of docking stations, which users of the smart university campus will interact with through a mobile application to rent and dock bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic catalyst has recently been identified as the potential substitution for expensive platinum electrocatalyst for fuel cell application. Numerous studies have shown that the nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (N-CNT) can be synthesized through spray pyrolysis or floating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique using various type of organometallic as precursors. This paper presents the method of synthesis and the initial findings of the growth of N-CNT directly on carbon paper using a modified CVD technique. In this research, nickel (II) phthalocyanines (Ni-Pc) as precursor was dissolved in ethanol solvent, stirred and sonicated to become homogenized. The solution was poured into a bubbler and heated up to allow the mixture to vaporize. Subsequently, the solution vapor was flowed into the tubical reactor maintained at 900°C. Carbon paper sputtered with nickel nanoparticles was used as the substrate. The synthesized sample was examined through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Long, entangled and compartmentalized nanotubes with tube diameter ranging 23-27 nm were found covered the carbon paper surface with approximate of 5.5-6.0 μm in thickness. EDX analysis has successfully showed the presence of nitrogen in the carbon nanotube. FTIR analysis showed the presence of the C-N bond on CNT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper work, we wish to Schedule Triple Split Round -Robin Tournament with the help of graph using independent edge domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opportunistic networks (OpNets) are a collection of wireless nodes that communicate with others node opportunistically with store, carry and forward mechanism. When they interact with each other without the appropriate availablenetwork infrastructure then, this happens. Wireless technologies including Zigbee, bluetooth, Z-Wave WiMAX and wireless communication are used in an OpNets. There is the absence of end to end connectivity between source and destination nodes in an OpNets and the majority of nodes typically having high degree of mobility, low density and are frequently exposed to malicious node attacks. OpNets have major security concerns as a result of these properties and features because OpNets rely mainly on social interaction and the effectiveness of protecting these kinds of networks are dependent on mutual trust. This literature looks at security tactics employed in anOpNets as well as the techniques used fortrust management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flotation is a widely used separation method within the minerals processing industry, as well as being used for water treatment and de-inking of recycled paper. The froth layer and its role in the separation achieved in flotation cell have been studied. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated against published experimental data. The model was built by writing FORTRAN subroutine and incorporating then into the commercial CFD code AVL FIRE, v.2014. The effect of coalescence process due to film rupture was considered in the froth phase. Then the model was used to predict the height of froth layer. Keywords: CFD, froth, gas holdup, solid concentration, superficial gas velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of wood, especially waste of twigs of wood is influenced by chemical composition. This study aims to determine the chemical components of wood twigs. The chemical analysis which were examined covered solubilities in cold water, hot water, alcohol benzen and solubility in NaOH 1%, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and lignin based on the TAPPI (Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries) standard. The results showed that twig of Aquilaria malaccensis contains extractives that dissolves in cold water, hot water, alcohol benzen and solubility in NaOH each 2.61%; 3.28%; 33.36%, and 1% is 4.75%. While hollocelulose, alpha cellulose, and lignin are 76.55%; 45.09% and 26.55%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important material property in the paper industry is the anisotropic stiffness distribution due to the fibrous microstructure of paper. Ultrasonic methods offer a means of determining the stiffness of sheets of paper from the anisotropic propagation characteristics of elastic Lamb waves along the machine direction (MD) and the cross direction (CD). Currently, piezoelectric ultrasonic methods are employed in the industry to measure the elastic polar diagram of paper through multiple contacting measurements made in all directions. This paper describes a new approach utilizing the INEEL Laser Ultrasonic Camera to provide a complete image of the elastic waves traveling in all directions in the plane of the paper sheet. This approach is based on optical dynamic holographic methods that record the out of plane ultrasonic motion over the entire paper surface simultaneously without scanning. The full-field imaging technique offers great potential for increasing the speed of the measurement and it ultimately provides a great deal of information concerning local property variations and flaws in the paper. This report shows the success of the method and the manner in which it yields the elastic polar diagram for the paper from the dispersive flexural or antisymmetric Lamb wave. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thamarai Selvi and Vaidya Nathan [2] discussed maximum distance on graphs. We made an extension of that paper [2]. We discussed about complete graph Kn, star graph Sn, the complete bipartite graph Km,n. In this paper, we studied about the cycle graph Cn (n being any interger ≥ 3) and the multi star graph Bm,n, where m, n are integers, both greater than or equal to 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-contact, non-invasive laser-ultrasonic measurements of the tensile stiffness index (TSI) and orientation (TSO) of a paper web and of the applied tension to the web are reported. The generation of ultrasound in paper is performed in the damage free thermoelastic regime by using a short pulse TEA-CO[sub 2] laser. The 10.6 μm infrared wavelength of the TEA-CO[sub 2] laser generates a stable and reproducible source of ultrasound, which was verified for several types of paper. For generation and detection spots separated by a known distance, plate or membrane waves are generated and detected, and the in-plane modulus and the tension applied to the sheet are measured. By detecting waves propagating in various directions the anisotropy of the in-plane modulus is determined. For overlapping generation and detection spots, the compression modulus is measured. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particles are particulate matters having a diameter less than 2.5 µm, ubiquitous in ambient air and mainly resulted from many emission sources. Several epidemiologic studies have investigated fine particles that have a relationship with an inflammatory response deep in the lung and red blood cells. For these reasons, the interest in real- time monitoring of the concentrations in the ambient air has increased. In this study, a bare quartz crystal microbalance combined by an impactor, a fine particle filter paper, and a signal conditioning circuit was used to measure the fine particle concentration based on the frequency change. This study aimed to define the correlation between mass loading and frequency shift of the crystal. The mass of fine particles was calculated by multiplying the total of fine particles concentration, emission flow-rate, and measurement time. A Kanomax Digital Dust Monitor Model 3443 was used to measure the concentration of fine particles inside an experimental chamber with a volume of 12,000 cm3 for certain measurement times. At the same time, a bare quartz crystal microbalance with a fundamental frequency of 9.9780 MHz was connected to an oscillator and frequency counter to measure the frequency shift related to the fine particle concentration fluctuation. The results showed that the frequency shift of the crystal, to the fine particle mass, in which frequency decreases corresponding to the increasing amount of particle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 epidemic has negatively impacted many industries around the world; the fashion industry is no exception. However, the business activities of the high-end fashion field have found virtual solutions to maintain operations by new technology platforms, which help improve the customer's access to the fashion brand. This paper identifies digital fashion as the most optimal solution not only in the present time but also further in the future of the fashion industry, by collecting the methods, software and tools that many fashion brands have used since 2020 and predicting that the technology industry will explode in the following years. Through analyzing and synthesizing the effectiveness of the software applications that fashion designers have used, the study presents design trends that use technology as a platform to reality clothes on computer screens, clothes that look real without the use of sewing machines and fabrics. These results provide an overview of how top brands communicate, operate and control the fashion industry in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. On the other side, it helps expand design knowledge and thinking for countries with a growing fashion industry. In general, digital fashion is a fast, convenient, useful and effective transformation and connection between many fashion departments, design and business in the era of industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is a widely used material that is affected by environmental stresses and makes paper prone to damage. The paper is characterized by the absorption of water and moisture due to porosity, We have overcome this problem by employing polymer materials as water-resistant coatings acting as a barrier to protecting the paper, Polymer paper coating forms a clear membrane on the fiber forming a bridge of monomers on the surface of the paper. Two polymer coatings were used as a treatment, namely Polystyrene and sealer (alkyd resin). The results showed the possibility of enhancing the durability of the paper and preserving it from damage and deterioration. The treatment gave a decrease in moisture content, response to abrasion and scratching while increased folding tolerability, the burst strength, tear resistance, hardness compared to untreated paper and the paper porosity important indicator to overcome. The degree of brightness, the degree of color and visible light and ultraviolet radiation [UV] effect of the specimens were studied in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan is natural polymer that has nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatibility material. Chitosan has been investigated as papermaking additive to improve properties of paper such as physical and optical properties. The objective of the research was to investigate the effectiveness chitosan in papermaking process and to determine the effect of chitosan on properties of paper. Chitosan was added in papermaking process with different dosage 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%. The efficiencies of Chitosan in papermaking can be obtained by measuring and analyzing of properties of paper, such as physical and optical properties. The increasing dosage of chitosan, will increase the physical properties of paper, such as tensile strength and decrease water absorption of paper, but will not influence the brightness of paper. The optimum concentration of chitosan used in paper in this study is 1.5%. The result shows that chitosan used in paper can improve the properties of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the electret effect on the filtering and separation properties of polymer nonwoven fabrics obtained by the Spanbond method with a density of 17 and 20 g / m², as well as in the combination of polymer nonwoven fabric and paper filter. It was revealed that the presence of an energy barrier caused by the presence of an electret charge leads to a decrease in the rate of filtration through polymer cloths. The purity of the resulting filtrate when using electret cloths is 20-22% higher compared to the original polypropylene webs. The use of two-layer filter materials allows increasing the separation capacity by 35-40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive dip test strip for detection of formalin (HCHO) in tofu samples based on immobilized pararosaniline (PR) has been developed. The test strip has been fabricated by immobilizing PR reagent on filter paper. By using image color analysis (ImageJ) as the average of ΔRGB value as color sensor response, the analytical parameters are obtained from an area of the sensing zone of the test strip using digital output of the color scanner. By using this scanometric method, it is possible to determine HCHO as low as 0.05 mg/L with the concentration range of 2-80 mg/L and the response time of 3 minutes. The reproducibility was found to be 8.04% (RSD) for good recovery. The test strip has been successfully applied to detect formaldehyde in tofu samples, and the results show in good agreement with the Nash method using UV/vis spectrophotometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deforestation issues were increased dramatically every year especially in order for the production of paper. This was caused by the demand for making paper and furniture from wood sources. The supply of paper nowadays all depends on the wood. This experiment has been conducted to analyses the viability of magnetic pineapple leaves paper as a replacement for paper production and to analyses the morphology properties of pineapple leaves fiber. The introduction of filler in this research is to alter one or more paper properties such as texture, opacity, brightness, basis weight, dimensional stability, ink absorbency and overall printability. Commonly, most fillers are from clay, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate. Thus, the ferrite magnet was used as the filler to ensure it has the same properties as the commercial filler. The pineapple leaves fiber then will be undertaking Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which was used for characterization. Through the characterization under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the surface morphology of the magnetics pineapple leaves paper was changed due to the effect of the gamma radiation and by the degradation on the pineapple leaves fiber. Besides, for FTIR spectroscopy, the result indicated that pineapple leaves fiber was suitable for papermaking where the absorption peak is between 3400 - 2400 cm−1 and shows the presence of O-H and C-H bonds in polysaccharides for both magnetic and non-magnetic irradiated pineapple leaves paper. The magnetics pineapple leaves paper shows the good properties, as well as other commercial papers and this, will give many benefits to reduce the use of wood for making pulp and one of the efforts towards green technology and new invention on papermaking production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present is a demand to produce industrial steam turbines intended for factory applications. A very common requirement is to keep constant parameters in turbine extraction. Pressure in uncontrolled bleed depends on turbine load. Therefore, it is used nozzle with moveable leading edges to control pressure inside turbine extraction. Nozzle with movable leading edges can reduce mass flow to the condenser or district water heater and it causes pressure increase upstream the nozzle. There can be used internal extraction valve to control steam amount into rear part of turbine as an option. Steam from extraction is then used in other technologies such as a paper mill, sawmill etc. There is an effort to simplify balance of turbine and reduce price as low as possible. Therefore, an effort is to check the need of safety valve including pipeline discharge leading out of machine hall, supports and hangers. The safety valve is located at pipeline extraction to prevent pressure increase above design parameters in case of any system malfunction. This article deals with introduction to this issue and the discovery of possible solutions how determine the maximum pressure increase in controlled turbine extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the increasing engagement of the UK physics community with recruitment, career progression, and retention of women at all stages of their involvement with physics. The report by the UK country team for ICWIP 2014 (Canada) summarised the role of the Institute of Physics in promoting physics and supporting physicists from schools through universities to industry In this paper we present a broad picture, with particular highlights of the last 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the utilization of hypo sludge in bricks and its characteristics have been tested. Hypo sludge is a byproduct obtained in huge quantity from paper industry. The reference bricks are manufactured with the ingredients of cement, fly ash, quarry dust and lime. Hypo sludge contains high value of CaO, so that the study on hypo sludge partially replaced on lime in reference to bricks. Hypo sludge is traditional material used on lime in various percentages of 10%, 15% and 20%. The preliminary test conducted was compression and water absorption and the experimental results indicate with sustainability on environmental and also prevent the wastages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of measurements of the main electrophysical characteristics of industrially manufactured electrical insulating paper and laboratory castings made of bamboo and pine cellulose, including the addition of bacterial cellulose with different concentrations (from 0% to 5%) are presented. In particular, the breakdown voltage and mechanical tensile strength of electrical insulating paper in the process of artificial thermal aging were determined. The change in the mechanical strength of the paper is compared with the change in degree of polymerisation of cellulose macromolecules. The sorption capacity of electrical insulation paper of different composition is compared. The explanation of the revealed regularities is given. The possibility of manufacturing high thermal stability electrical insulating paper from cellulose with an initially low degree of the macromolecules polymerisation, in particular, from bamboo cellulose, is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidics is promising for point of detection in healthcare applications involving silicon-based MEMS technology in combination of materials like PDMS and glasses involving complex fabrication processes. High cost and sensitivity is a major concern for the next stage development of microfluidic devices. Paper based microfluidics is being pursued to overcome fabrication complexities and making point of care detection cost effective and for one- time usage to avoiding disease infection. The use of cellulose paper on biomedical applications is a strong interest towards low cost fabrication. Microfluidics Paper based Analytical Devices (µ-PAD) are being developed for healthcare sector with global applicability. Understanding of paper structures and their physical, chemical properties play crucial role in designing micro patterns for microfluidics applications. In this paper, we have presented the selection criteria of paper as a substrate material for microfluidic applications based on their theoretical and experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of fountain solutions with a content of 5% and 10% isopropyl alcohol with papers for offset and digital printing on a PDA ultrasonic measuring device is studied. The value t max was found, which characterizes time of the beginning of fiber swelling in the paper structure, which made it possible to set time for calculating the numerical model and simulating beginning of the interaction of fountain solution with paper. Computer simulation was carried out using OpenFoam –Paraview, an open source software package. In OpenFoam package, geometry and a computational grid are constructed for the area of the interaction of solution with rough paper surface, calculations are carried out by the method of liquid volume, including a period of time, that is not recorded by a PDA ultrasound device. Visualization of calculations is presented in the ParaView package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the barrier, strength and deformation properties of paper coated with biomodified gluten. The results shows the giving grease-resistance to this composite (Kit score 21) and resistance to water vapor permeability with an experiment duration of 40 days. Strength of samples was increased of more than 40% and deformation of samples was increased of more than 30% as a result of biomodification of gluten, were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A manufacturing system is a collection of equipment and human resources integrated to carry out the operation process into a quality finished product. With various activities in it making the production process one of the spearheads of creating a product in accordance with market needs, it is necessary to have a systematic, effective and efficient workflow to optimize the workstation at production time. PT XYZ manufactures carton boxes of various sizes. Cardboard paper as raw material is obtained from several other paper mill companies. PT XYZ has an imbalance of production efficiency which is a bottleneck (stacking) at the manual stitching workstation that is the carton box's union with the stapler. Based on the existing problems, this study aims to determine the process of producing carton boxes and identify workstations that experience bottlenecks. The estimate production demand and be careful to minimize congestion to optimize work efficiency at workstations in the production process and compare repair costs conducted. The data obtained will be predicted using quadratic forecasting to determine the shadow of future requests. The method used to minimize congestion and handle work efficiency at each workstation is Theory of Constraint (TOC). With the Theory of constraint method, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 105.89%. After the best choice is made by adding 1 operator to the connection process, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 70.59%. So, the bottleneck condition is solved, and production runs smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]