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Soft plate-like membranes find application e.g. as pill or paper coatings, bio-filter membranes, and gas seals in food products. For these applications the integrity and the mechanical properties of the membrane are important. Mechanical properties of these products can be determined by stretching or bending tests, but such methods can damage these fragile products. We propose a rapid nondestructive acoustic method to estimate mechanical film characteristics with shear horizontal (in-plane shear) waves. A 23 kHz, 1-cycle square signal was excited into a thin foil with a piezoceramic pickup and received with an inductive pickup. The SNR (power) was 20 dB in 1 kHz –50 kHz bandwidth. This actuation-detection scheme can be used to excite in-plane longitudinal, shear and even elliptic waves in a thin foil. The method was validated by measuring in-plane shear wave and longitudinal wave time-of-flight TOF at different actuator-receiver separations and calculating the corresponding longitudinal and shear modulus. The samples were Mylar® sheet and coated paper. The anisotropy of MOE for Mylar sheet was close to the manufacturer specifications. For coated paper a maximum shear modulus anisotropy of 5% and a shear modulus dependence on temperature of 0.7 MPa/°C were found. Laser doppler vibrometry showed that the excited waves were confined in-plane. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flotation is a widely used separation method within the minerals processing industry, as well as being used for water treatment and de-inking of recycled paper. The froth layer and its role in the separation achieved in flotation cell have been studied. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated against published experimental data. The model was built by writing FORTRAN subroutine and incorporating then into the commercial CFD code AVL FIRE, v.2014. The effect of coalescence process due to film rupture was considered in the froth phase. Then the model was used to predict the height of froth layer. Keywords: CFD, froth, gas holdup, solid concentration, superficial gas velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G (V, E) be a simple graph with p vertices and q edges. Let φ: V (G)→Z5 – {0} be a function and φ*: E(G)→Z4 defined by φ * (u v) = ⌈ φ (u) φ (v) ⌉ (modulo 4) where φ (u) ≥ φ (v).. If | v φ (i) − v φ (j) | ≤ 1 , 1 ≤ i , j ≤ 4, i ≠ j and |e φ (k) - e φ (1) | ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ k , l ≤ 3 , k ≠ l then φ is quotient-4 cordial labeling of G, where vφ(x) and eφ(y) denote the number of vertices labeled with x and the number of edges labeled with y. Here some unicycle graphs such as cycle graph, dragon graph, and crown graph are proved to be quotient-4 cordial graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summary a comparative analysis of Hot Rolled Steel (HRS) Sections and Cold formed steel (CFS) Sections for Industrial Buildings based on a literature review. In this study the materials used are other than hot rolled for the analysis of the structure. CFS structures are becoming increasingly popular due to their numerous benefits, including light weight, quick construction, and so on. CFS analysis, design, and production processes are all being improved on a regular basis. This report is based on a recent study on HRS (HRS) and (CFS) that will aid future research and advances in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present an application of two Computational Intelligence Algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) for finding and optimal solution to two optimization problems that occur in a paper industry. The first problem deals with the economic optimization of a hypothetical but realistic Kraft pulping process and in the second problem we have considered the optimization of Boiler load allocation problem. Both the problems form an integral part of paper making process. The simulation results show the efficiency and time effectiveness of DE and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and increasing every year, including in Indonesia. Promethium-149 (149Pm) is one of beta-emitting (Eβ-max of 1.07 MeV and T1/2 of 2.21 days) radiolanthanides that can be used for therapeutic application. Radioisotope of 149Pm can be produced with high specific activity that was suitable for labeling of biomolecule as a targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. Radiochemical separation of 149Pm from irradiated of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) target with 98.4% neodymium-148 (148Nd) isotope enrichment has been carried out based on extraction chromatography method using LN (Eichrom) resin column. The target material was irradiated at Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor. Radiochemical purity the final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope was determined using paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis methods. Radionuclide purity of 149PmCl3 solution was determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with HP-Ge detector and a multichannel analyzer (MCA). The results show that the optimum condition on separation of 149Pm from irradiated of Nd2O3 target with 98.4% 148Nd isotope enrichment was obtained using 1.5N HNO3 solution at temperature of 80 °C as mobile phase. The yield of 149Pm obtained from the separation was 97.8 ± 2.1%. The final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope has physico-chemical characteristic that meet the requirements for nuclear medicine applications with radiochemical purity and radionuclide purity of 99.7 ± 0.2% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The solution of 149PmCl3 was clear, with the pH of 1 and stable for 1.5 weeks at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Exterior Home Management System is all about managing the exterior activities of a house automatically without the efforts of a human. This paper involves the smart managing of four different tasks that are executed outside of the house. To begin with, the first idea is about automating the water motor based on the water level present in the water tank. The motor automatically turns on and off by constantly checking the water level in the tank. The next idea is to give notifications to the house members when any posts or deliveries like newspaper, milk packet, letters, etc., are received in the carriage box arranged outside of the main gate. Coming to the next automation that is related to the car parking shed. In this case, the gate of the car parking shed automatically opens and closes when a vehicle approaches and leaves the parking shed. Final idea is to ring a calling bell in the living room when any person is detected within the range of the main door while entering the house. The four ideas verified using simulated a victual simulation tool (Tinkercad) with Arduino Uno as a microcontroller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourier Transform Raman and infrared spectra of cheque paper document have been recorded and analyzed. The wavenumbers corresponding to normal modes of vibration of cellulose were calculated at HF/6-31G(d) level for comparison with the cheque paper sample. The appearance of a carbonyl stretching band at 1654 cm-1 clearly shows that the cheque paper is subjected to ageing. The broadening of O[Single_Bond]H stretching wavenumber confirms the presence of inter and intra molecular O[Single_Bond]H...O Hydrogen bonds. Also the presence of Kaolin and Rosin are unambiguously identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic catalyst has recently been identified as the potential substitution for expensive platinum electrocatalyst for fuel cell application. Numerous studies have shown that the nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (N-CNT) can be synthesized through spray pyrolysis or floating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique using various type of organometallic as precursors. This paper presents the method of synthesis and the initial findings of the growth of N-CNT directly on carbon paper using a modified CVD technique. In this research, nickel (II) phthalocyanines (Ni-Pc) as precursor was dissolved in ethanol solvent, stirred and sonicated to become homogenized. The solution was poured into a bubbler and heated up to allow the mixture to vaporize. Subsequently, the solution vapor was flowed into the tubical reactor maintained at 900°C. Carbon paper sputtered with nickel nanoparticles was used as the substrate. The synthesized sample was examined through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Long, entangled and compartmentalized nanotubes with tube diameter ranging 23-27 nm were found covered the carbon paper surface with approximate of 5.5-6.0 μm in thickness. EDX analysis has successfully showed the presence of nitrogen in the carbon nanotube. FTIR analysis showed the presence of the C-N bond on CNT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An automated sensor has been developed for use during paper manufacture that can measure flexural rigidity (bending stiffness). Based on laser ultrasonic technology, this sensor provides continuous noncontact on-machine measurements on paper having area densities from 35 to 205 g/m2, moving at commercial manufacturing speeds, at any angle in the plane of the sheet. It was demonstrated on a high speed printing paper grade machine during commercial production. For that demonstration, the sensor was integrated into an existing scanning sensor system. Cross-direction profiles of flexural rigidity had the expected shape, and compared well with traditional bending stiffness measurements on samples collected for that comparison. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the feasibility, improvement and differences in improving science process skills after the application of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) on the elasticity of solid state. This research used quasi experimental method with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study population was students of class XI SMAN Jatinangor, with a sample of two classes, namely XI MIPA 6 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 2 as the control class, each of class consist of 30 students who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were CoRe, PaP-eRs, AABTLT with SAS and questions of science process skills. The average acquisition value of the CoRe instrument on the elasticity of solids is 91.7 with the PCK maturing category or level 3. The average N-Gain in the experimental class was 0.55 in.the medium category and the control class was 0.30 in.the moderate category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire-fighting robots are the human-established machines to keep people alive, as the accidents that occur during the procedure of stopping the fires are uncountable. This main function of the robot is to automatically sense fires and shift against the fires to finish it with water by keeping a safe distancing from it. A programmable raspberry pi can completely control the movement and actions of this device. This device must move right, east, front and back in the shape of a car to locate and quench the fires. An infra-red camera and thermal camera is used in this fire-fighter robot. The thermal camera attempts to monitor the flames, temperature and the infra-red camera, offering pictures of the view of the night, which record the whole extinction period directly. This live capture can be seen in a PC file which is also accompanied by a log from the computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding of the two metal are become advance with technological innovation. Fusion method of the material is also incorporated in the welding of the aluminum, specially die casted aluminum A number of the experiment had been done to find out the best way to weld the aluminum and method come as the friction stir welding (FSW). The optimize condition were created for the welding and analyzed to check it the problem associated with the aluminum welding. the result for the condition is come out as optimum condition will have depended upon the down force of the plunge tool. During the analysis of the welding three different conditions have been notify as first condition was related with excess of the passing heat which results in the more flash mass and second one is produced when the proper heat is not passing to the work piece and formed a cavity and last one is cavity formation due to abnormal melting of the metal. The tool plunges down force effect is low for this aspect of defect, although the magnitude of the imperfection due to inadequate heat contribution decreases meaningfully as the down force increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic technologies are overgrowing with an improvement in their capabilities, such as "autonomy" and "mobility". The two main forces driving these advancements are economics and safety. Often referred to as the "three D's": Dirty, Dangerous and Dull, many tasks performed by humans are either dangerous, such as tactical reconnaissance, or highly repetitive, such as patrolling in an industrial factory. Autonomous Mobile Robots are often well suited to these tasks because they can be more consistent and relatively expendable. These robots have historically been designed to replace humans in these dangerous and dull tasks, which means they are designed with human-like capabilities. There is a growth in the development of intelligent systems based on mobile sensors due to increased demand for automated surveillance of indoor and outdoor environments, such as production plants, airports, warehouses, military etc. The fundamental optimization problems related to environmental map representation, localization, navigation, and surveillance tasks have been addressed entirely in most robotic surveillance schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of non-traditional types of organic waste in vermicomposting in the territory of the middle taiga forest zone of Western Siberia in greenhouses. The main objects of the study were brewer's grains, waste from the production of the Kristal brewing company in the city of Surgut and wastewater sludge from the treatment facilities of the Gorvodokanal in Surgut. Additionally, the composition of complex composts included sand, office waste paper, waste coffee, food waste, leaf and grass litter, bird droppings and the microbiological additive ''Tamir". The compost worms of the Eisenia foetida ''Prospector" species were used as vermiculture. In a series of experiments, individuals of immature worms were used. The resulting vermicomposting is more effective in quality than the original substrates. The use of the hybrid Prospector can be effectively used in the disposal of non-traditional organic waste. Complex composts mature more efficiently when microbiological additives are added. In the studied substrates, the content of heavy metals was reduced to maximum permissible levels of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of a smart city relies upon six key factors, which are smart governance, environment, living, people and mobility. This paper focuses on the smart mobility factor, within the context of a smart university which is a surrogate of a smart city. A proof of concept transport system will be developed. The transport system will consist of a third-generation bicycle-sharing platform, which will explore the usage of several technology paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The transportation system will consist of a permissioned Proof Of Authority (POA) blockchain network of docking stations, which users of the smart university campus will interact with through a mobile application to rent and dock bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-contact, non-invasive laser-ultrasonic measurements of the tensile stiffness index (TSI) and orientation (TSO) of a paper web and of the applied tension to the web are reported. The generation of ultrasound in paper is performed in the damage free thermoelastic regime by using a short pulse TEA-CO[sub 2] laser. The 10.6 μm infrared wavelength of the TEA-CO[sub 2] laser generates a stable and reproducible source of ultrasound, which was verified for several types of paper. For generation and detection spots separated by a known distance, plate or membrane waves are generated and detected, and the in-plane modulus and the tension applied to the sheet are measured. By detecting waves propagating in various directions the anisotropy of the in-plane modulus is determined. For overlapping generation and detection spots, the compression modulus is measured. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper work, pattern formation in ultra thin polymer film, adsorbed on chemically patterned substrates, is reported under strong confinement. The observations indicate for the strong influence of the surface attraction over evolution of spindoal waves, leading to the flattening of the film. But, the film appears to be torn apart in strip or nano fiber like structures, because of coalescences of the monomers at the free ends of the chains. The beads at the free ends of the chain are relatively more mobile. The chain diffusion towards attractive part of the chemically patterned surfaces is clearly seen. Prewetting or crystallization like phenomena seems to appear resulting into formation of strips with coexistence of molten phase drops at the top of the ruptured film. The investigation mimics spindoal dewetting because of the fact that the rupturing occurs in case of strong attractive surface. The investigation is of technical importance as it highlights the formation of nano scale strips and fibers though in a quasi equilibrium case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of wood, especially waste of twigs of wood is influenced by chemical composition. This study aims to determine the chemical components of wood twigs. The chemical analysis which were examined covered solubilities in cold water, hot water, alcohol benzen and solubility in NaOH 1%, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and lignin based on the TAPPI (Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries) standard. The results showed that twig of Aquilaria malaccensis contains extractives that dissolves in cold water, hot water, alcohol benzen and solubility in NaOH each 2.61%; 3.28%; 33.36%, and 1% is 4.75%. While hollocelulose, alpha cellulose, and lignin are 76.55%; 45.09% and 26.55%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particles are particulate matters having a diameter less than 2.5 µm, ubiquitous in ambient air and mainly resulted from many emission sources. Several epidemiologic studies have investigated fine particles that have a relationship with an inflammatory response deep in the lung and red blood cells. For these reasons, the interest in real- time monitoring of the concentrations in the ambient air has increased. In this study, a bare quartz crystal microbalance combined by an impactor, a fine particle filter paper, and a signal conditioning circuit was used to measure the fine particle concentration based on the frequency change. This study aimed to define the correlation between mass loading and frequency shift of the crystal. The mass of fine particles was calculated by multiplying the total of fine particles concentration, emission flow-rate, and measurement time. A Kanomax Digital Dust Monitor Model 3443 was used to measure the concentration of fine particles inside an experimental chamber with a volume of 12,000 cm3 for certain measurement times. At the same time, a bare quartz crystal microbalance with a fundamental frequency of 9.9780 MHz was connected to an oscillator and frequency counter to measure the frequency shift related to the fine particle concentration fluctuation. The results showed that the frequency shift of the crystal, to the fine particle mass, in which frequency decreases corresponding to the increasing amount of particle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the increasing engagement of the UK physics community with recruitment, career progression, and retention of women at all stages of their involvement with physics. The report by the UK country team for ICWIP 2014 (Canada) summarised the role of the Institute of Physics in promoting physics and supporting physicists from schools through universities to industry In this paper we present a broad picture, with particular highlights of the last 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 epidemic has negatively impacted many industries around the world; the fashion industry is no exception. However, the business activities of the high-end fashion field have found virtual solutions to maintain operations by new technology platforms, which help improve the customer's access to the fashion brand. This paper identifies digital fashion as the most optimal solution not only in the present time but also further in the future of the fashion industry, by collecting the methods, software and tools that many fashion brands have used since 2020 and predicting that the technology industry will explode in the following years. Through analyzing and synthesizing the effectiveness of the software applications that fashion designers have used, the study presents design trends that use technology as a platform to reality clothes on computer screens, clothes that look real without the use of sewing machines and fabrics. These results provide an overview of how top brands communicate, operate and control the fashion industry in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. On the other side, it helps expand design knowledge and thinking for countries with a growing fashion industry. In general, digital fashion is a fast, convenient, useful and effective transformation and connection between many fashion departments, design and business in the era of industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]