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Electrical strain gauge has been used widely in many applications, such as experimental strength of materials and structural health monitoring because of their low cost and durability in making measurements. Recently, a few new sensors have been developed using the constantan alloy to enhance the sensor's response and sensitivity. However, researchers have noticed that electrical conductive paints alternate their electrical resistance when subjected tomechanical strain. This conductivity is given by the conductive network created by the conductive particles in the paint mixture. The conductive network is then altered as a result of the mechanical deformation, changing the material's electrical properties. This research aims to study the effect of the paper-based strain sensor when the carbon electrical conductive paint is used as a sensor coil in the sensor. We studied the changes in the electrical resistance R as the length of the sensor changed according to the applied strain. The conductive paint was applied on 80gsm A4 printing paper. There are three sensor designs that have been studied. For the first method, the gauge factor for design one is 0.67, the second design gives 0.33 for the gauge factor, and the gauge factor for the third design is 0.50. The design that is suitable for the fabrication of the paper-based strain sensor is design 1 because it has the highest sensitivity compared to other designs. However, the sensor's sensitivity must be enhanced by doing more research to produce a better sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The STEAM interdisciplinary integrated-thematic curriculum with engineering design is the main concept of the 12-year basic education curricula of Technology. This research is based on the engineering design orientation as a teaching strategy, developing project for paper mechanism, and implementing Living Technology courses for gifted high school students in Taiwan to test the teaching effectiveness. In the project, students need to integrate the theory, using engineering design process methods, performing work prediction and evaluation, prototyping experiments and trial work, and finally optimizing the work and improving the design. The results of the present study facilitate us get deeper understanding of the practical implementation and engineering thinking skills of gifted students. Suggestions based on the results were generated to improve the future Living Technology curriculum. The findings in this study serve as a reference for the future design, development, and implementation of STEAM curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching technical writing to engineering researchers particularly post graduate students is a demanding and complex task. Often the challenge faced by the language instructor is in having inadequate understanding on students' expected writing output which is engineering research publication. While the language instructors may find the language use aspect manageable, it is the understanding on expected writing output for engineering discipline that is a challenge; therefore, supporting language module developers to understand those expected outputs is essential and needed for the advancement in language teaching. In view on the need for the description of the targeted output which is engineering publication, this study focuses on supporting the understanding of engineering research publication specifically on drones. This study is aimed to describe the perimeter of research publication on drones written by prolific engineering writers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method which is based on identifying the core research and authors, as well as the works that cited them. This study examines 275 research publications indexed in SCOPUS database and also investigates 1947 research publications that cited the 275 publications as reference source. The findings show that the publications are mostly articles, conference papers and reviews deriving mostly from the US, China and the UK whereas the citing documents are mostly from China, the UK and the US. This paper presents the description on the perimeter for both groups. Such description provides a ready narrative to language instructors as well as ready narratives and guidance on writing/content dimension for young scholars embarking on writing scholarly articles on drone research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan were selected as cellulose raw material to prepare coating solutions. The morphology, physical characteristics and chemical surface properties of the coatings are discussed in this paper. Different concentrations of chitosan (1-5% w/w) and deposited solution layer (0.5-1.00 µm) were used to obtain coated papers with thicknesses varying between 0.062-0.068 µm. The percentages of coating agent impregnated inside paper were also calculated from the apparent density of coated paper and the density of self-supported films prepared in the same conditions but deposited on an inert and smooth Plexiglass support. These percentages of impregnation ranged from 4.8 to 63.3% and increased as following: chitosan < chitosan nanoparticle. The resulting absorption rates indicated significant differences as a function of the nature of coating agent and confirmed results obtained for the percentage of impregnation. To explain differences in the behaviour of coating solutions, it was finally concluded that not only their viscosity must be taken into account but also their affinity toward paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper Correlation is the study of creating an automated machine to assess the relationship between two or more papers. This study continues to develop in the natural language processing field. In this paper, we begin to enter into this study by conducting research to find the relationship between two citation sentences. The citation sentences contained in the paper can be used as a basis for assessing the relationship between two papers. In this research, the semantic similarity between citation sentences is included in.8 semantic classes. We use the Recurrent Neural Networks method and its variations and use SMOTE to deal with imbalanced data. The data representation that we use is word2vec to convert the sentence into a vector. We develop this research by adding data to see the algorithm's capabilities from previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concept of the smart contract powered by Ethereum has raised the attention of investors in the crypto-currency market in the light of the distributed account book techniques in the Era of Blockchain 2.0. Based on the digitalization of the financial tools, smart contract adopts the smart validation and execution of the computation protocols extending the blockchain to the application level of use to reinforce the security and transparency of transaction deals. This paper aimed to investigate the principle, functions, ground mechanism of the smart contract, and protection approaches and evaluated the security issues existed in the investment process. Lastly, the paper summarized the Smart Contract design and development, loopholes, and protection approaches in the Smart Contract applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the boiler is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) which must be reduced. Nowadays, the boiler emissions discharged into the atmosphere has not been utilized yet. An experiment of Spirulina platensis cultivation in laboratory scale with the addition of CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers has been done. CO2 flue gas with a flow rate of 0.25-0.75 L/min was added into paper mill effluent as the growth medium of Spirulina platensis. The biomass growing of Spirulina platensis, pH of medium and CO2 captured during the experiment were observed. The result indicated that CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers of the paper mill could be utilized for cultivating of Spirulina platensis. The biomass productivity of Spirulina platensis in the amount of 220 mg/L.day or 39 g/m².day could be obtained with the addition of CO2 flue gas in the flow rate of 0.75 L/min. Spirulina platensis contains protein, fat, fiber, ash and amino acids. It also contains sodium, calcium and magnesium. But it has no cadmium content. It is potentially be used as animal dietary supplements. CO2 flue gas from the boiler emission can be used for cultivation of Spirulina platensis and contribute in reducing of CO2 gas boiler emissions like greenhouse gases (GHG) by 0.20% of total CO2 added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has targeted to reach 23% of renewable energy share by 2025. In order to meet the target, many researchers have focused on the explorations of renewable energy resources. One of the potential solutions to meet the target is the agricultural wastes, include corn cobs and areca nut fiber. In this study, the calorific value of corn cobs and areca nut fiber are tested. The corn cobs and areca nut fiber are collected from the farmers in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia. In addition, the Paper waste is also tested. A bomb calorimeter of IKA C6000 is used to measure the energy content of the biomass. The results show that the calorific value of Corn cobs and Areca nut fiber is 5573 Cal/g and 4946 Cal/g, respectively.By using the average yearly production of Corn and Areca nut, these calorific values similar to 4,539 TOE and 4,653 TOE, respectively. If the potency can be used to replace the coal as an alternative fuel, this potency will reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The potency of mitigation GHG by replacing Corncob and Areca nut fiber are 18,306 and 18,491 ton of CO2e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present world of advanced technology, we are entering a new era of computer technology, the full form of IoT being the Internet of Things. The Internet, a revolutionary invention, is constantly evolving into some new kind of hardware and software that has made it inevitable for everyone. IoT is a kind of global neural network in the cloud that allocates a lot. The communication system we see is person-to-person or device-to-person, but the IoT offers better future for the Internet, where communication type is machine-to-machine (M2M). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT display and its enabled technology and sensor network. This paper covers the subject matter, features, basic requirements and applications of IoT. The primary purpose of this research paper is to deliver an idea of the development and use of the IoT, its structure and advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting system plays an important role in any democratic country. Vote means to elect the best political pioneer. In India, currently two types of voting systems are depleted, which are secret Ballet paper and Electronic Voting Machines(EVM), but both of them have severalrestrains. The current voting system is jeopardizing, voters visits poolingbooth and stand in long line up to cast their votes, because of which there are possibilities that many people miss their chance of voting. Additionally, social gathering isn't much preferred in this COVID-19 situation. Voters who are ineligible may also use fraudulent methods to cast their ballots, which may result in hardship. Therefore, in this project, we suggest a voting system that is efficient and has three layers of security. The verification of the voter's unique identification number (UID) comes first, then the verification of their election identification number (EID), and finally the verification of their face, which is the highest level of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the design of conventional controllers, which can be used for the control of non-linear systems to provide a desired level of a process tank. The nonlinear systems take's up for the study is Hopper tanks because of its use in the field of Pharmaceutical, Petro chemical, water treatment and paper making industries. Its non-linearity is due to the cross-sectional behavior of the process. It consists of two parts Conical Tank for easy flow of solid, viscous liquids and a cylindrical tank for storage of materials. It is used for the evacuation of products without wastage is possible. The closed loop performance is determined to obtain the desired level control using conventional PI, controllers for various tuning methods. The major advantage of this method is simplicity. Simulation results using MATLAB software to determine the outperformance of controller techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliometric study aims to analyze the research output and trends in the field of Islamic research between 2020 and 2022. Using the Scopus database, a total of 6269 articles were identified for inclusion in this study, all of which contain the keywords "Islamic AND Islam" in the title, abstract, and keywords. The study employed bibliometric techniques to identify the most productive countries, authors, affiliations, and journals in the field of Islamic research. The analysis revealed that Indonesia is the most productive country in Islamic research, followed by Malaysia and USA. The International Islamic University Malaysia was identified as the most productive affiliation, while Ejaz Aslam and Razali Haron's study on the impact of corporate governance on Islamic bank performance was the most influential publication with 33 citations on Scopus. The Journal of Islamic Marketing was found to be the most productive journal in the field. The co-occurrence network analysis using Keyword Plus identified "human," "education," and "economy" as the most frequent and interconnected topics in Islamic research. The network also revealed a node connected to "Islamism," indicating a growing interest in the intersection of religion and politics in Muslim-majority countries. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the current state of Islamic research and its trends. The findings can guide policymakers and researchers in developing strategies and policies to advance the field and address current challenges. The bibliometric analysis can also aid researchers in identifying potential collaborators and interdisciplinary connections, leading to the development of new research directions and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the most consumed matter in the world. 97% of water is saline which cannot be used easily for domestic purposes and the water which can be easily treated is limited as the groundwater table is depleting due to irrigation purposes and water consumption is rural areas. To solve this issue, we must focus on surface water resource such as rivers, rivulets etc. For using such source there should be a meticulous quality audit of substantial water samples of that source to properly ensure suitability for domestic water use. Hence it is conspicuous that water quality is very imperative. For a rational and scientific analysis of water quality, there should be a mathematical parameter. For that matter, we have a water quality index to ensure rationality during the quality audit. We shall include pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chlorine content, fluorine content etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a decentralised peer to peer ledger of data. It provides features like Immutability, Transparency, and Trustworthiness. Due to all the benefits, blockchain can have a great impact in the field of education. In education, there is already a growing problem of fake certificates. Blockchain can prove to be a great solution to solve this issue. For this purpose, we took a deeper look at what is blockchain and what is being done in the education domain with regards to storing certificates and verification of them using blockchain technology. In particular, we explored how Smart Contracts can be used to provide storage for certificates. Finally, we looked at the challenges in adopting blockchain-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jute fibers are an environmental friendly natural fiber which can be used as good alternatives in the reinforcement of composite materials. The physical and mechanical properties of jute fiber are studied. The humidification cum heat treatment is carried out for the jute fiber. The tensile strength measurement was made for the untreated and humidification cum heat treated bundle jute fiber. The tensile strength of untreated and treated bundle jute fibers are 71.7± 9.5 MPa and 104.9 ± 8.8MPa respectively. A 45% increase in tensile strength is noticed. The structural organisation in the untreated and treated jute fiber is studied by X-ray fibre diffraction. The tensile strength measurement is carried out for the composite of Paper-Tamarind seed gum and Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber and their measured tensile strength are 4.3 ± 0.5 MPa and 6.1± 1.2 MPa respectively. The enhancement in tensile strength for Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber composite is observed. The environmental friendly biocomposite bags prepared are: Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber and Paper-Tamarind seed gum, which can withstand load of 9.0 kg and 6.0 kg respectively. An increase of 50% in the load bearing capacity is achieved by reinforcing jute fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues have been a crucial concern in every global sector. One sector that might cause environmental problems is the financial sector. Surrounding issues come from various factors such as the usage of fossil fuels that lead to global warming and climate change which slowly assassinate human beings. This article will focus on efficiency comparison between using paper money, plastic cards and cryptocurrency. The main goal is to prove which of the three financial payments is the most energy-efficient in the past, present, and future. The parameters used in this study are electricity usage and CO2 emissions. The whole analysis is based on a quantitative-descriptive method which provides in depth analysis of electricity usage and CO2 emissions level among financial equates from every generation. Even though plastic cards have the highest efficiency level initially, over time, cryptocurrency is going revolutionary, making them more efficient than paper money and plastic cards. This proves that cryptocurrency could be the most energy-efficient payment method in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy demand in Indonesia increases continuously, but its availability is thinning out. Therefore, an alternative energy where the source is bountiful but has not been used properly is needed, such as used paper. This used paper is usually produced by office activities, educational institutions, even home activities. The used paper contains very high cellulose since the lignin contained in the raw material has been removed during the pulping process. Cellulose is a polymeric compound consisting of glucose monomers. The hydrolysis of cellulose is able to produce glucose which subsequently can be fermented into bio-ethanol. A study on hydrolysis of used paper to produce glucose as the raw material of bio-ethanol is urgent to conduct. The present work studied the hydrolysis of used paper using acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, chloride acid), which was heated in a microwave equipped with a cooling set up to avoid the evaporation of hydrolysate. The level of glucose in the hydrolysate was affected linearly by the acid concentration, hydrolysis time, and microwave power. Using chloride acid 2N for 7 hours, the hydrolysis produced glucose with a level of 76.542%, and 59.532% for sulfuric acid 3N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry generate significant mill waste such as boiler ash that may content heavy metal including Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chrome (Cr) and Cupprum (Cu). Effort to reduce the impact of mill waste into environment by reducing, extracting and removal of these heavy metals become one of the important research focus. Extraction system by using lauryl amine and stearyl amine as collectors for heavy metal combined with organic solvent including dichloromethane as media that will form a complex compound is evaluated to reduce some elements from the boiler ash. Both lauryl amnine and steraryl amine can be used with dichloromethane solvent to reduce the heavymetal content of boiler ash from pulp and paper industry. Reduction of heavy metals content from boiler ash using stearyl amine collector is much higher compared to lauryl amine collector. The 15 g stearyl amine in 8 hours contact time with dichloromethane solvent produced higher reduction in all tested element and the reduction percentage of each elementwas 31%, 46%, 47%, 50%, 52%for B, Cr, Co, Cu and, Cd respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of human civilization, the material used to create money has changed in conjunction with the advancement of knowledge and the complexity of human life. This study aims to explore the material evolution of money creation as a medium of exchange. The study used a literature review approach to gather information from the Google Scholar, Mendeley, and ScienceDirect databases. This study reveals that human transactions begin with the exchange of goods (barter) and continue with the exchange of goods with agreed-upon valuable commodities (commodity money). The materials used to create money has evolved along with it, starting with gold and silver coins, paper money, electronic money, and cryptocurrencies. The first two are still in use and require materials in creation, whereas the following two are no longer require physical materials in its issuance. Furthermore, money, in all of its physical manifestations, cannot be replaced as a medium of exchange in the present or the future, and its function will continue to expand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used lubricant becomes an issue for environment due to disposal techniques and reuse of it through filtering process is the best technique. This paper tried to determine the characteristics of physical and tribological properties of used lubricant from a filtering process. The used lubricant was collected in service from a car engine after running about 6000 km. A Whatman filter paper was used to reduce impurities in used lubricant. The used lubricants were characterized physically to determine kinematic viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point and tribologically to measure wear rate, CoF, surface texture, scar width of disc, and scar diameter of pin using pin on disc apparatus. The results were compared with virgin oil and they show that the physical and tribological properties of used lubricant were decreased compared to virgin oil. The tribological properties of used oil were good lubrication at a speed of 1400 rpm than 500 rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, which can lead to chronic renal failure in patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by abnormalities and loss of kidney function. Early detection of nephropathy can prevent the progression of this disease to CKD. In this work, both albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CRE) were used as biomarkers for detecting albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) using paper-based analytical devices (PADs) by applying the alkaline picrate and bromocresol purple (BCP) reagents as the reagent solutions. ALB detections were performed by a dye-binding method using BCP reagent resulted in the color change from yellow to purple, while CRE detection was based on the Jaffe reaction using picric acid in an alkaline solution resulted in the color change from yellow to orange. The color changes were photographed by a digital camera and the pictures' color intensity (RGB) were evaluated using ImageJ. The ACR in artificial samples was measured using the calibration curve constructing by plotting logarithmic of ACR (mg g−1) against the Δ intensity ALB/CRE ratio. The accuracy of ACR determination in artificial samples were found in the range of 75.70 – 99.98%, whereas their standard deviations were in the range of 0.01 – 0.02, showing relatively good accuracy and high precision of the proposed method. The detection limits (LOD) for albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CRE) were 8.2 mg.dL−1 and 5.1 mg.dL−1, respectively. The fast, cheap, and easy-to-use method for ACR detection could be attributed to the proposed method. Additionally, it has relatively good accuracy and high precision, and it can potentially be used as an alternative technique for early detecting or screening kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal failure is often detected when it has reached the last stage. The amount of cystatin C in blood serum can be used as a biomarker for early identification of renal function failure. This work reported a fast and environmentally friendly microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to determine the amount of cystatin C in the artificial blood serum samples. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by capping the surface of AuNPs with papain to form AuNPs-papain. The aggregate of functionalized AuNPs-papain and Cu2+ ion could be formed due to coordination interaction between Cu2+ ion and papain attached to AuNPs. In the presence of cystatin C, the amount of aggregate decreased because the functionalized AuNPs-papain would bind easily with cystatin C as the substrate of papain. The intensity of aggregate on μPAD was scanned using a paper scanner. The difference intensity of aggregate in the presence of cystatin C was proportional to the concentration of cystatin C in the artificial blood serum sample. The linearity range obtained by this work was 0.5-10.0 mg/L with regression of y=0.3302x+3.488 and linearity of r2=0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.511 (3xSD/slope) and 2.044 mg/L (12xSD/slope), respectively. The linearity range and the LOD were wide enough to detect cystatin C in normal people or people with renal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted in Al-Zafaraniya area, southeast of Baghdad, on the Al-Rusafa side, and is one of the largest residential sectors within Baghdad, with a population of about 650,000 and characterized by deferent activities. Four sampling sites were selected, and codes A, B, C, and D were given to represent site-1 industrial activity sites, site-2 service workshops, site-3 commercial activity, and site-4 residential areas, respectively. Street dust particles samples were collected using wooden tools and paper bags, three points were selected from each site, the samples were mixed, and 1 kg was taken to separate and analyze molecules, nature forms, composition, and interaction between their sources. The results of mechanical separation by vibrating soil sieve showed that these remaining consist of several sizes and weight categories resulting from the following form (greater than 2000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 150, and less than 53) μm and (108.90, 118.63, 219.88, 191.93, 32.16, 247.58, 3.96) g/kg, respectively. Laboratory tests using polarized microscope technology showed that dust particle components varied from artificial, organic, inorganic, minerals, synthetics substances, and biological residents. When examining the forms of its, they appeared to be different shapes as well as stellar, needles and serrated shapes, sharp angles, and irregular edges, as well as the usual spherical and smooth-edged soil particles. When comparing the values of the 7th category, which constitutes the danger reservoir between the street dust particles because it can turn into suspended and accumulated dust, we find that its values (A 4.8, B 2.86, C 1.2, and D 7.0g/kg) hence find that, the highest value (7.0 g) was recorded in the residential site-D, and this gives an indication that the wastes of other sites move to the residential sites and accumulate in them in large quantities, which exposes the public health and components of the ecosystem to many risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-contact, non-invasive laser-ultrasonic measurements of the tensile stiffness index (TSI) and orientation (TSO) of a paper web and of the applied tension to the web are reported. The generation of ultrasound in paper is performed in the damage free thermoelastic regime by using a short pulse TEA-CO[sub 2] laser. The 10.6 μm infrared wavelength of the TEA-CO[sub 2] laser generates a stable and reproducible source of ultrasound, which was verified for several types of paper. For generation and detection spots separated by a known distance, plate or membrane waves are generated and detected, and the in-plane modulus and the tension applied to the sheet are measured. By detecting waves propagating in various directions the anisotropy of the in-plane modulus is determined. For overlapping generation and detection spots, the compression modulus is measured. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species producing raw material for pulp and paper that can be grown in the high altitude lands are still limited. One of the potential species for this area is Eucalyptus urophylla. Tree breeding strategy by a progeny test is performed to increase its productivity. The initial selection is implemented at the nursery level by assess the variation of family (mother trees' progeny) (F1). The research aimed to determine the F1 variation by the growth performance of 6 months old F1 seedlings. Samples consisted of progeny from 27 family originated from provenances of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Indicators of growth performance and determination of rankings are assessed from the seedling's diameter, height, and robustness. The results showed that E. urophylla had high growth performance variation. Based on their growth performance, the best seedlings were from the family of A25, A27, A23, A19, A20 and A21. Genetic diversity among F1 categorized moderate, based on heritability of height (H2=0.37), diameter (H2=0.45) and robustness (H2=0.6). Coefficient of genetic variance (CGV) and coefficient of phenotypic variance (CPV) are more than 20%, and 27 mother trees are divided into 4 clusters. The existence of genetic diversity at the seedling level becomes the material for further testing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the issue of rising electricity demand in the building sector is one of the major challenges. Therefore, the Building Management System (BMS) inside the building. Since the PV, national grid, and diesel generators supplies building electrical power, so the Energy Management System (EMS) technologies are necessary to study the priority of PV to supply building power to save energy. This paper proposes a Smart Building Management System (SBMS) used with Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in addition lighting systems. HVAC is controlled with occupancy sensors, temperature control, and load control. Lighting systems are controlled through occupancy sensors and daylight sensors to make them operate to minimize electricity consumption. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) control of the EMS in this work, SBMS and EMS are created and simulated using two case studies to supply public buildings. The first situation is SBMS without EMS and the second situation is SBMS with EMS. Finally, the results showed the impact of SBMS on the reduction of energy consumption for HVAC systems and lighting (20% on summer day and 11% on winter day), as the energy consumption was reduced for both HVAC and lighting by about (54% on a summer day and 44% on a winter day) because we added the scenario of case two to the one scenario case in a public building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of multimedia made Technology for digital Video Watermarking is becoming widely recognized as a crucial tool for copyright enforcement, thus it identifies the video content and discourages unauthorized users from accessing or using it. New watermarking algorithm is presented in this paper the digital video based on landmarks of faces, landmark of a face is localized of certain characteristic points on the face, which made these marks an optimal host. Embedding the secret message in video frames will be used the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique which slightly changes in the video. confidentiality is improved by encrypting the watermark before embedding it in the video frames with the SALSA20 Stream, which increases the watermark's security and power, The results of the experiments show that the suggested algorithm achieves significant imperceptibility and excellent resistance to different attacks. Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) is higher and of higher quality in the attached video. According to experimental findings, the suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks. Four statistical measures are used to evaluate the proposed algorithm, they are: Uses Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC), and the results are satisfied. The suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks, also an acceptable level of transparency is obtained present in the embedded version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing buildings without a fire alarm monitoring system need an alternative installation cost-effective, flexible, and scalable and will not affect the building's aesthetics. In place of the conventional fire alarm monitoring system, an Internet of Things (IoT)fire sensor nodes were designed to monitor each room's temperature and analog CO level and deploy through point to point technique. An IoT fire alarm monitoring system using a wireless sensor network was developed through which real-time data of temperature and analog CO level were obtained from the fire sensor nodes. The IoT fire sensor nodes were deployed from rooms LB384 to LB387. Each room has a node, and each node has its designated Internet Protocol (IP) address. The data can be easily obtained and accessed through the cloud web server, and each IoT fire sensor node will send a notification to the user of the room through the IoT ThingSpeak monitoring widget. The IoT fire alarm monitoring system reduced the installation time and did not require significant building renovations based on the assessment. With the advancement of IoT, fire detection could then be realized such that people within buildings can have a good understanding of the safety of their living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the construction industry has experienced rapid development. Thus, this situation led to the depletion of non- renewable natural resources like cement due to the increases in the demand and production of construction materials that consume non-renewable resource such as cement. There are various types of waste in large amount that may contribute to environmental issues such as wastepaper. Therefore, many research that have been conducted to reduce the consumption of cement by partial replacing the cement with wastepaper ash yet sampling work for the experimental research still contribute to the usage of cement in huge quantities. In addition, sampling for laboratory work is less effective due to the longer period to prepare the test sample, and higher cost is needed. Hence, this paper introduces the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting the compressive strength of concrete that utilizing wastepaper ash as partial cement replacement. The data for modelling work was gathered in the form of cement content, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, water content, water cement ratio and wastepaper ash for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement replacement. The model was developed by considering 80% of collected previous research data for training, 10% for testing and another 10% for validation which trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation (LMBP) method in Matlab2017a. The R value obtained from the training, testing and validation data was 0.99999, 0.99843 and 0.99902 respectively meanwhile the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values obtained were 0.458 and 1.070, respectively. In the form of percentage, the MAE and RMSE values were 1.53% and 3.57%, respectively. The result indicates a highly correlation between the data input and the targeted data. Therefore, the simulation model using ANN is effective to predict compressive strength of concrete that may reduce the usage of cement, recycling option for waste material, and increase the efficiency of sampling work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been developing sensors for the pulp and paper industry that use a magnetic field. The applications for magnetic sensors that have been studied include 1) sensors for the measurement of the water and ice content of wood chips entering the pulping mill, 2) sensors for measuring the water content and other constituents of the black liquor leaving the paper digester, and 3) sensors for measuring paper thickness and water content as the paper is being processed. These tasks can be done using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The magnetic field used for doing the NMR can come from either permanent magnets or superconducting magnets. The choice of the magnet is dependent on a number of factors, which include the size of the sample and field strength needed to do the sensing task at hand. This paper describes some superconducting magnet options that can be used in the pulp and paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important material property in the paper industry is the anisotropic stiffness distribution due to the fibrous microstructure of paper. Ultrasonic methods offer a means of determining the stiffness of sheets of paper from the anisotropic propagation characteristics of elastic Lamb waves along the machine direction (MD) and the cross direction (CD). Currently, piezoelectric ultrasonic methods are employed in the industry to measure the elastic polar diagram of paper through multiple contacting measurements made in all directions. This paper describes a new approach utilizing the INEEL Laser Ultrasonic Camera to provide a complete image of the elastic waves traveling in all directions in the plane of the paper sheet. This approach is based on optical dynamic holographic methods that record the out of plane ultrasonic motion over the entire paper surface simultaneously without scanning. The full-field imaging technique offers great potential for increasing the speed of the measurement and it ultimately provides a great deal of information concerning local property variations and flaws in the paper. This report shows the success of the method and the manner in which it yields the elastic polar diagram for the paper from the dispersive flexural or antisymmetric Lamb wave. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The currencies of nations have always been transforming throughout the human history. From gold and silver coins to simple coins and paper money then eventually to digital money. The evolutionary period of currency includes both physical and legal extent. With the digital revolution, the evolution of currencies is inevitable. The first attempt at a digital currency was not Bitcoin, but it has been the most successful digital currency and it is now accepted by many major retailers. This report contains a brief description of the evolution of cryptocurrencies, their types, and how and when the prices of different currencies rose. The comprehensive study of the volatility of the market and when to buy or sell the currencies hold the major share throughout the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, as a result of the activities of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, from 90 to 160 thousand tons of solid waste were generated. Lignin sludge is a sludge formed during the wastewater treatment of the plant. The disposal of waste from the production of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill was carried out in specially equipped dumps and storages. In model experiments using the method of solid-phase fermentation, the main patterns of ecological and biochemical processes occurring during the transformation of organic substrates (sludge-lignin, sawdust) were established; substrates were obtained for creating soil-ground. To develop the optimal composition of fertile mixtures from sludge-lignin after solid-phase fermentation, experiments were carried out to create artificial soils with different ratios of the resulting soils. The content of heavy metals in ready mixtures is much less than the concentrations specified in the regulations when using organic fertilizers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant - 1.7) at 2.4GHz and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant - 3.6). The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness of 1.6mm (Group1) and 1.4mm (Group 2) and the Paper substrate Antenna with the thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and 1.6mm(Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS software. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis. If significance p<0.05, then it indicates that the performance of the Antenna is good. The antenna directivity analysis is done for 2 GHz to 2.8 GHz. The Experimental results shows that the jean substrate antenna which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the directivity of 2.31dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate having directivity of 2.2dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its directivity parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing population growth has an impact on increasing waste production which is not balanced with the number of trash cans in urban areas. The cleaning staff plays an important role in monitoring the contents of the trash cans so that there is no pile of garbage that can carry various types of diseases. Monitoring the contents of trash cans carried out by cleaning staff at Kuntum Cemerlang School is still done manually, so it takes a long time to monitor all the contents of trash cans in the surrounding environment. If the trash can is empty or contains only a small amount of trash, then this will waste time and cause delays in disposing of waste to the waste bank. The purpose of this research is to implement an Arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor based on the Internet of Things (IoT) so that the time spent by cleaners to monitor the contents of trash cans is more effective. The design of the tool starts from an ultrasonic sensor that is connected to an arduino uno based on the internet of things (IoT) using the blynk application service on a smartphone. android. The data from the ultrasonic sensor will be transmitted to database the blynk applicationvia the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module so that the blynk application will display height information from the contents of the trash can. This study resulted in three conditions of the height of the contents of the trash can, namely: still empty, almost full and already full. If the trash can is full, the janitor will receive an email and the led light on the blynk application will turn red. System testing was carried out internally using paper waste with the conclusion that the monitoring system carried out in the study was more efficient than manual monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's strategy in facing the Voluntary Partnership Agreement on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT-VPA) cooperation agreement between the European Union and Indonesia to improve the export performance of Indonesian wood products to the European Union market. With research, an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that Indonesia intends to face in maintaining the stability of the export activities of Indonesian wood products and improving the quality of these wood products so that they can be accepted based on the standards of the destination country. FLEGT-VPA is a bilateral agreement between the European Union and timber exporting nations to improve forest sector governance and ensure that timber and wood products supplied into the EU are produced in line with partner country laws and regulations. The issue that a developing country like Indonesia wants to experience in an effort to improve the quality of wood products according to the standards of the destination country is a large number of illegal logging, illegal timber sales and others. This study focuses on the pulp and paper industry and uses qualitative analysis research methods and analyzes the data collection techniques from various sources. The increase in the export performance of Indonesian pulp, paper and, paperboard to the European Union from 2016 after the ratification of the FLEGT-VPA shows that the quality of Indonesian products is promising to spread in the European Union market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater contaminated with arsenic poses several health risks to humans. It is necessary to monitor arsenic levels in water sources periodically. Microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip systems are miniaturized, cost effective analytical tools that can be used to detect a variety of chemical and biological compounds. Herein, we report the development of a paper-based sensor using gold nanoparticles for the detection of arsenic levels as low as 5 ppb. The amount of colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles required for analyzing a few microliters of samples is very low further reducing the costs. The limit of detection of arsenic was substantially extended in the study by capturing images after magnification via Foldscope, a pocket microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owed to the enormous advantages like easy disposable, flexible and low cost, eco-friendly performance of paper substrate, microfluidics has expanded a new attention on the flexible substrate in the research field of environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and food safety analysis applications. Diverse properties of paper and fluid transport mechanism on paper substrate are some crucial facilitating parameters which are used on the fabrication of functional flexible microfluidic device applications in an effectual and analytical way. Transport of any fluids on paper substrate does not require any external force because of the capillary action behavior on paper surface. When drops of fluid at the first time touch the paper substrate surface, it penetrates the paper surface radially. Radial capillary transport used in our daily life using different circumstances such as when ink, water and wine spreads in paper or cloths, rain drops in soil, and dye into yarn. Here, the attention/foundation of work is fluid transport on the texture of WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper which is commonly used in microfluidic applications as claimed by the previously published articles. In this work, an experimental study is presented on capillary transport in radial direction to understand the texture of the WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of paper waste during the general elections is a consumptive behavior and can damage the environment. In the 2018 Pilkada, there were 54 million unused ballots due to the lack of public participation in each Pilkada. In addition, various ballot manipulations make reduced data integrity. The Custom E-Voting Application is an electronic voting system application for general elections with the application of Blockchain technology to increase security using the Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer platforms. The application of this technology can replace conventional paper-based voting systems and databases. This application uses a distributed database so that the database is more secure and maintained its integrity. The results of E-Voting can be seen by voters so that transparency for voters. This application can be implemented in several elections that require transparency of the results with the election time can be set as needed. The problem that is the focus of this research is the proof of the concept of blockchain technology with existing tools and system performance testing. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide an overview of the viability of blockchain technology to handle cases such as the general elections that are critical, massive, and simultaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech Emotion Recognition is an amazing field of research in current days. Speech Emotion Recognition is an innovative technology with numerous applications that can be used in our day-to-day life. This review paper, mainly focused on some parameters such as: feature vector size, feature selection, classifiers and experimental approach for categorizing the different emotional states. To explore this research, we also focused on the dataset which is studied out by IITKGP-SEHSC in Hindi speech. This study reviews the different emotion states Happy, Anger, Neutral, Fear, Disgust, Sad, Sarcastic and Surprise by using the Hindi speech data as an input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]