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The principle of diversity of land ownership forms should be linked to the principles of equivalent exchange, economic efficiency and social justice. In the work, with the help of analysis, synthesis and provisions presented in scientific papers, the theoretical aspects of the influence of land ownership forms on land use in agriculture are revealed. The study shows that the use of agricultural land under different forms of ownership gives the following results: private land ownership in the agricultural sector promotes interest in efficient agriculture, rational use of land; private group form of land ownership promotes economic efficiency, preservation of soil fertility and social efficiency through the distribution of land rent in society; state and municipal ownership of agricultural land can contribute to economic efficiency and promotes social efficiency. The authors see in the future the development of a variety of land ownership forms in agriculture of the Russian Federation, while there will be a tendency to increase the area of agricultural land owned by the municipality, legal entities and a reduction in the area of agricultural land owned by the state and citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the industrial and potentially industrial types of niobium deposits in Russia are characterized by high content of phosphorus. The use of such raw materials when enriching by known methods leads to additional costs and losses of niobium. In this regard, it becomes impossible to obtain standard grades of ferroniobium according to the existing technological schemes. The paper considers the possibility of obtaining complex ferroalloys from Russian niobium raw materials with an increased phosphorus content based on alloys of the Fe-Al-P and Fe-Si-Al-P systems at a variable concentration of aluminum (10-20%) and silicon (10-30%). The process of sublimation of phosphorus from melts is studied in the temperature range of 1400-1700 °C. It's shown that aluminum does not affect in the studied alloys, and silicon contributes to the sublimation of phosphorus. With a significant phosphorus content in the alloy (10-18%), the presence of 20% silicon in the Fe-Si-Al-P system leads to the sublimation of phosphorus up to 20%. It's also shown that an increase in temperature affects an increase in the activity of phosphorus and its sublimation. The intensity of phosphorus sublimation increases especially at temperatures ≥ 1600 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to the development and operation of autonomous installations on photovoltaic cells. Typical structure of an autonomous power plant is described. The authors consider the methodology for assessing insolation on an inclined surface, insolation is assessed for the Kaliningrad region, Russia. The paper describes a developed computer model of an autonomous power plant and presents the results of its operation. A prototype of an autonomous power plant is described. Authors assess its operation during the year and make a conclusion of the use of this power plant in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the current state of the use of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex. The development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the digital economy involves the use of innovative, digital, cluster, information and computer technologies, as well as new managerial, economic, organizational methods, with fundamentally new properties, which are aimed at increasing the efficiency of production, management and implementation for all areas of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, digital standards, types of digital technologies, the paper considers the types of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex and the possibility of their use for future development. The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic scientists-economists on the development of innovations and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex; general scientific research methods (abstract-logical, economic-statistical, etc.) were used, as well as open analytical materials on the development of digital technologies, the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the agro-industrial complex, etc. The article reveals that the range of digital technologies currently being created for the agro-industrial complex is diverse and it is aimed at solving a set of problems: growth of output and the efficiency of the agricultural enterprise, introduction of artificial intelligence; creation of insight based on images; determination of the optimal mixture for agronomic products; monitoring the state of crops; methods of automating irrigation and stimulating farmers, etc. As world best practices show, the use of digital technologies in agriculture makes it possible to achieve economic growth in the industry. However, the main problem of introducing digital technologies in agriculture is the high cost of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries, including Russia, are paying increasing attention to improving the quality of the urban environment, which is impossible without a corresponding improvement of infrastructure. This is related not only to the new sanitary requirements caused by the covid19 pandemic, but also in general to the development of cities and the strengthening of their role in socio-economic development. In Russia, web.rf is actively implementing a programme to support the development of a modern urban economy, focusing on the country's 100 largest cities. Development of urban infrastructure is always the responsibility of local authorities. Today, the investor is ready, within the framework of public-private partnership, to participate in joint implementation of infrastructure projects. The paper considers current trends in the development of urban infrastructure in Russian practice. The sectors in which "smart city" projects are implemented to the greatest extent are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the analytical review and the practical experience of the authors in the preparation of construction organization projects (COP) and work production projects (WPP) indicate that the state of the issue regarding the completeness and quality of the development of these sections by the design organizations of the Samarkand region is not at the proper level. The reasons for this are some imperfections of certain provisions of the regulatory documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as a number of other factors. The aim of the paper was to study the existing domestic and advanced foreign experience in order to develop appropriate proposals, recommendations and eliminate the existing shortcomings. The research consisted in comparing the provisions of regulatory documents of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation, studying regulatory and legislative acts and decrees, instructional letters, scientific publications on organizational and technological design, studying the opinions of experts. Methods of comparative analysis, expert assessments, etc. were used. Based on the research results, a package of proposals was drawn up for adjusting and supplementing the provisions of the regulatory documents of Uzbekistan, which were presented in a number of the largest design and construction organizations, as well as the Engineering Company, where they found understanding, approval and support. The noted proposals have been submitted to the relevant authorities for consideration, and their practical implementation will contribute to an increase in the quality level of the developed project documentation, and, ultimately, to the practical implementation of construction projects in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine water entering catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines contains a significant amount of solid particles of various sizes, which explains frequent siltation of these mine workings, as well as intense hydroabrasive wear of operating pumping equipment, in particular impellers with sealing rings and hydraulic heel assembly. As you know, in the event of siltation, water collectors lose their initial storage capacity, and mechanical wear of the pumps is accelerated due to clogging of mesh filters of their receiving devices, as a result of which an emergency situation can arise up to partial flooding of the mining object. Thus, it can be seen that the reservoirs necessarily need to be periodically cleaned from settled mud-sludge slurry. The cleaning frequency of catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation is relatively small. Practice shows that in the conditions of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, the pumping equipment of water-drainage stations has too excessive pressure, which leads to unproductive financial costs of electricity consumption. This paper describes and scientifically substantiates a technical solution aimed at increasing the efficiency of drainage units of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, whose pumping equipment has excess pressure, through its utilization to combat mechanical impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world has had different challenges and needs to analyze and track trends in regional economies. This paper examines economic indicators leading to spatial differentiation within macro-regions for the case of both Bulgaria and Russia as countries that have similar conditions on some key indicators of regional development. The analysis period is long - 20 years in order to be able to derive more specific trends in the behavior of production activity. Data on regional gross domestic product, population, foreign direct investment and employment were used as a basis, treating the sectoral and spatial variation within local emerging markets. Hirschman-Herfindahl index is calculated to highlight leading economic activities in different regions for an explanation of ongoing trends nature and an assessment of diversification degree of the spatial distribution of economic activities. We find using the multivariate OLS model that diversification in construction has a stronger influence on regional growth than diversification of the total amount of all investments in all sectors of resourse region. We concluded that foreign direct investment in the regional economies of Bulgaria and the Siberian macro-region would contribute to infrastructural development, which we will investigate later in our next joint works. The guidelines in the differences that are derived are of particular importance in the planning of regional policies and preparation of strategic documents and predetermine the need to analyze regional economies periodically and systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article was written as part of the general work on the development of a methodology for conducting scientific and technical support during the construction of unique high-rise buildings, related to organizational and technical measures in the implementation of scientific and technical support for the construction of high-rise buildings. This article describes the process of determining the effectiveness of scientific and technical support in the construction of unique high-rise buildings. Due to the fact that the methodology for conducting scientific and technical support for construction is not fixed in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, the process of conducting scientific and technical support at construction sites is often formal and does not affect the reduction of construction time, cost reduction, risk reduction, etc. indicators. In order to streamline the process of conducting scientific and technical support for construction, this work is developing a methodology for generating a list of organizational and technical measures that have lists of criteria for the possibility of applying these measures for various unique high-rise buildings. Due to the fact that unique high-rise construction objects are considered, individual organizational and technical measures should be applied to each object, taking into account various geological, environmental, and natural conditions at the objects. The paper presents a calculation of the effectiveness of conducting scientific and technical support, this calculation allows you to determine how effective scientific and technical support will be at the facility in the event of certain organizational and technical measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis results of scientometric data of modern Russian research in Computer science to form and evaluate thematic trends, as well as determine their position relative to the trends of world scientific publications. The study is based on the methods of scientometric analysis of bibliographic data to reveal the thematic distribution of scientific publications, including in retrospect. The bibliographic database of the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.Ru, the Scopus database, as well as the annual reports "Research fronts" published by Clarivate Analytics were used as data sources. In the course of the study, an examination of scientific publications was carried out, and internal research fronts were identified. A conclusion is drawn about the catching-up position of Russian research in the field of Computer sciences, and an assumption is made about the thematic areas that will be relevant in Russia in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer preferences are one of the major factors which influence consumer behavior and the purchasing decisions. Factor analysis can be applied in order to identify the most significant consumer preferences and to form market segments. The paper presents a methodology of using statistical factor analysis in researching and identifying the key behavioral factors influencing consumers' choice of bakery products. Thus, the study analyzes the possibilities of factor analysis application in the consumer behavior research. The authors propose using the semantic differential method to assess the priorities of consumers in their choice of bakery products. The object of the study is the bakery products market of the Ural region of the Russian Federation. The sample of consumers in the scope of the study consisted of 405 respondents. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the obtained primary data. Factor analysis allowed the authors to identify the key factors influencing the choice of consumers: brand awareness, information on the packaging, naturalness of the product, freshness, presence of taste modifiers, and price. The adequacy of the sample was verified using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartlett's test of sphericity. The multicollinearity between variables was assessed with the correlation matrix. In order to extract the factors and determine the number of the factors, the authors carried out the principal components analysis (PCA). The results prove that factor analysis allows extracting important factors from consumer survey data and identify consumer segments with specific peculiarities of priorities. A set of marketing communications has been developed for each segment based on the characteristics of the extracted factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies problems in the country's energy sector associated with low efficiency. Thus, a comparative analysis of statistical data showed that in 2020 there was an increase in the share of unprofitable energy enterprises in Russia from 46.3 to 48.3%, the growth of losses increased to 448,505 billion rubles, exceeding the values of 2019 -141,510 billion rubles, therefore, more than 3 times. It is shown that there is an increase in the degree of depreciation of fixed assets of energy enterprises from 45.7 to 47.6%, which is accompanied by an increase in the costs of maintaining the operability of equipment. In addition, the costs of correcting internal defects are increasing due to the poor-quality organization of monitoring the equipment condition, which also reduces the efficiency of energy enterprises. Different approaches to solving the problem have been summarized: the use of information innovations in the energy sector, the introduction of technological and transactional innovations, as well as innovations in the management of an energy company, for example, the transition to project management or a risk-based management model in the electric power industry. We offer project management to reduce non-manufacturing costs in an energy company on a concrete example of reducing the costs of internal defects correction and implementing an improvement algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we highlight the problems related to UN SDG number 7 (providing affordable, reliable and sustainable energy) by analyzing the current infrastructure that provides uninterrupted reliable energy supply to technologically isolated and hard-to-reach territories in the Russian Federation. We explain the different components of Hybrid Energy Complexes that include various elements of renewable energy sources, we analyze the factors influencing the efficiency of these complexes and we optimize the composition of these complexes by using a mathematical simulation program that predicts various output indicators. By comparing our estimates with actual data in Ust-Kamchatsk, we are able to highlight the accuracy of our program as well as make conclusions on how its future implementation may have a positive effect on both ecological and economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the current state of Indian Railways and dwells upon the present and potential challenges. Railways act as one of the major and busiest networks globally; it is a quintessential model of commercial transport for both goods and passengers. Recognized as the largest employer globally, it is hardly surprising that Indian Railways directly employs 6% of the total employment within the organized sector plus a 2.5% employment that gets generated through other entities dependent on it. The Railways boasts of being the fourth-largest rail network world-wide. Thus it is credited as the most accessible, prevalent, and affordable means of both passenger and goods transport. Having said this, it does face tough challenges in terms of catering to the ever-rising population and keeping a check on operational costs, which puts several constraints ahead of it. A committee of experts has been constituted to enforce reforms and improvements in services from time to time. This study tries to reflect upon the reforms proposed by experts with a special focus on Foreign Direct Investment requirements and creating a sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. The study endeavors to benchmark the Indian Railways with the Russian Railways' recent experience implementing the FDI and PPP models. It suggests a way forward to enforce better private participation and dwell upon policy measures to reform the Indian Railways. The study is qualitative and highlights the constraints and challenges that they pose in people's service. To analyze the scenario further, we have tried to draw a parallel with relatable economies like Russia and benchmarked with the Russian Railway's reforms, which could help compare similar reforms in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of today, the Russian Federation puts a special emphasis on the country's digital transformation in general and shows a particular interest towards big data, which is confirmed by a number of documents analyzed and the situation in the subject area. The research paper presented to your attention analyzes big data. One of their application areas is a public sector, in particular, the operation of federal regional bodies of the executive authority. The main value of big data from the governmental point of view consists in the possibility of work with heterogeneous information to improve the efficiency of management decision taking over a wide range of issues. The key research purpose is extrapolating the expertise in big data analysis used in the work of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Primorsky Territory. To do this, the authors suggest addressing to the theoretical assumptions of big data, learning the key chain of work on them and focusing on the national and foreign experience of data use in certain knowledge fields. The practical part of the research includes the description of the operation experience of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Prymorsky Territory directly relating to the region digital development and providing a certain list of works with heterogeneous data. As an example, the authors pay attention to the approved approach to the analysis of a large set of open data, characterizing the SME work and development in the Primorsky Territory, placed at the website of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. The conclusion highlights the point that the suggested approach on the data processing can be adapted to similar needs in other federal regional authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of using multidimensional analysis to determine composite quality indices of systems may be the specifics of the data used. Traditionally used as an initial transformation, data scaling does not eliminate the existing data properties. Logarithmic transformation is usually mentioned as possible, but recommendations for its use in the construction of composite indicators are not given. The paper proposes a criterion for the application of logarithmic transformation of variables. Logarithmic transformation is necessary exclusively for anomalous variables. An anomality criteria based on the signal-to-noise ratio of data in a proposed standard form is used. Visually abnormal variables can also be identified using heat maps. The proposed analytical method for detecting anomalous variables coincides with the results of heat map data analysis. The evaluation of the effectiveness of using logarithmic transformation in assessing the quality of poorly formalized systems is examined. Composite indexes of the quality of life for regions of the Russian Federation are calculated. The use of logarithmic correction for anomalous variables solves the problem with the negativity of the weighting coefficients as well as providing a more correct socio-economic interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four pillars of learning identified in the UNESCO report in 1996 include four “L”s: Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live together, and Learning to be. Since then educators have been discussing how four pillars of learning can affect 21st century’s curriculum. Evidently, space-related education is based on traditional type curriculum. Therefore, integration of new approaches in aerospace engineering and science curriculum is often challenging. This paper argues that transdisciplinary and project-based approach can be used in building innovative aerospace engineering and other space-related disciplines core curricula. The paper proposes using SDTP/MSIP projects as foundation for creating multi-disciplinary curricula in different universities and countries. The proposed methodology includes pilot team projects performed during two-week summer workshop, task diversification between participating universities, comprehensive individual studies (analysis), and joint findings reports (synthesis). Such approach is proposed to be tested during SDTP-2017 and in 2017-2018 academic year in Russia (MGTU) and USA (University of Houston). The paper concludes with an analysis of potential opportunities and complications for the development and integration of presented academic strategy to increase adaptability of diverse hands-on experiences into already established educational programs in Russia and the US. In a summary, a platform for further inquiry into multi-disciplinary academic strategies is discussed for more in-depth investigation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to identify the preparation process of seismic events using spectral analysis of microseismic noise was earlier shown in laboratory experiment in the form of reduction of natural frequency of oscillations during the transition of the system to a metastable state. Field studies of the Chilean subduction zone allowed us to identify large earthquakes with the same effects before them. In this paper investigation of the natural frequencies of block oscillations, which can be detected in the spectrum of seismic noise, was performed at a lower scale. Measurements were performed near Gubkin (Belgorod region, Russia), where the development of iron ore deposits and explosive works are carried out regularly. We used the data of the high-frequency accelerometer that was installed at the depth of 300 m from the surface. Spectral centroid reduction in the frequency range of 20–1200 Hz was identified before small seismic events with the amplitude of more than 10 mm/s². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certifying a transport airplane for the flights under icing conditions requires calculations aimed at definition of the dimensions and shapes of the ice formed on the airplane surfaces. Up to date, software developed in Russia for simulation of ice accretion and authorized by Russian certifying supervisory authority, is absent. The paper describes methodology IceVision recently developed in Russia for calculations of ice accretion on airplane surfaces. This methodology is implemented in CFD software FlowVision used by numerous companies and universities in Russia and abroad. The methodology differs from known approaches to simulation of ice accretion. In particular, changing the ice shape is calculated with use of technology VOF. This technology assumes calculations of continuous ice growth accompanied by local rebuilding the computational mesh. The implemented mathematical model provides capability to simulate formation of rime (dry) and glaze (wet) ice. Numerical solutions of validation test problems performed using methodology IceVision are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article formulates the key problems in personnel policy field with reference to Russian enterprises of the textile industry. Summing up the results of the study made at St Petersburg enterprises, the conclusion is made on flexible forms of employment as one of the most effective personnel policy approaches. The paper highlights the fact that the key objective of personnel policy for the Russian enterprises for the coming years is creating teams of professionals capable of ensuring the company's strategic development. It has been demonstrated that for increased efficiency of personnel policy it's useful to apply flexible forms of employment to form highly-professional labour teams as well as use a comprehensive approach aimed at increasing efficiency of personnel selection and their further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out at the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. The paper investigates the bismuth behavior when it is introduced into a metal melt in the solid round blanks form of a given size. To implement the experiments, we were used a high-temperature setup with an X-ray television observation system. The work developed a mathematical model of thermophysical processes during the introduction of cold spherical low-melting samples such as bismuth into a steel melt. The model takes into account the temperature dependences of heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity in the solid and liquid states, as well as the sample size dependence of the density. The simulation showed that taking into account the temperature dependences of thermophysical characteristics has a very significant effect on the results. So, in comparison with the model with constant heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity, heating of a bismuth sample in a steel melt occur four times faster. Using the developed model, we have studied the sample size influence on the rate of their melting. In this work, a formula is obtained for an approximate estimate of the complete melting time of alloying elements, using the example of bismuth in steel. The obtained mathematical model can be applied to low-melting, easily oxidizing, and volatile elements. Comparative analysis of quality shows good comparability of experimental and calculated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a method for monitoring the main parameters of underground oil pipelines, taking into account changes in soil foundations, mainly in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The section of the oil pipeline is considered in terms of monitoring heat engineering processes and their influence on the reliability of the system. The main results of calculations of the oil pipeline section are described; changes in soil foundations are modeled. As an example for the calculations, a multilayer pipe with polyurethane foam insulation and coating was used. It showed the best performance as a result of modeling in comparison with the design one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important industries in the modern world is the petroleum industry, which provides fuel, lubricants and other refined products for all areas of human activities. The production of high-quality and safe petrochemical products is the first priority of all refineries worldwide. For a long time, the petroleum industry in Russia has been dependent on imported catalysts and their quality. The import substitution policy requires the development of home produced oil refining catalysts. The paper considers the problem of introducing new test methods for the production of new types of catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to low-carbon development, to reduce the negative impact on the environment, mainly affects the energy sector. Natural gas occupies a stable position of the demand of the Unified Energy System of Russia for 2021-2026 in fossil fuel. When natural gas is burned, thermal nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as NOx) are predominantly formed in power-generating boiler of thermal power plants. This article presents the modeling and study of the natural gas combustion process with the organization of flue gas recirculation to the active burning zone on the example of a power-generating boiler of the TGMT-464 type, using the ANSYS Fluent software package. The paper presents a model and graphs of the temperature and NOx content distribution in the active burning zone with a change in the proportion of flue gas recirculation from 0 to 22%. The decrease in the emission of harmful substances is explained by the decrease in the peak flame temperature in the active burning zone, which is the main indicator of the formation of NOx. The decrease in temperature in the active burning zone is explained by an increase in the volume of gases in the combustion zone. The article is intended for postgraduate, candidate for a doctor's degree interested in the development of methods for suppressing the formation of NOx in the combustion products power-generating boiler at TPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a bind of ways to improve indoor air conditions in the basement premises of the restored and reconstructed historical buildings. The features of the functional purpose of these basements are given and connected with religious architectural traditions of Russia. The measures are affecting the indoor air quality in the premises and building envelope conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important task of improving the structural safety of buildings and structures is to improve the methodology for examining their technical condition. One of the significant stages of the building survey is a preliminary or visual survey, during which visible defects and damage are identified that affect the bearing capacity and performance of structures. Further, depending on the degree of damage to structures, the need for a detailed survey of the building with openings of building structures, testing of structural materials and verification calculations is determined. On large objects with a significant number of defects, a visual inspection with fixation of all defects and damages requires a highly qualified expert and a lot of labor. With frequent recurrence of defects, there is a possibility of skipping them and obtaining a biased examination result. A significant increase in the efficiency of detecting defects and damage at the stage of visual inspection can be facilitated by the use of neural network technologies using machine learning methods. Works in Russia and abroad in all fields of science and technology are currently devoted to the study of the operation of neural networks, which indicates the high promise of these technologies. In this paper, we studied a convolutional neural network model created in the Google Cloud Vision API, applied to detect cracks in reinforced concrete building structures. To train the neural network, images of cracks in a real survey object with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame were used. Based on the results of the work, the high efficiency of the constructed model is shown and the possibility of its application in the diagnosis of other types of defects encountered during the inspection of reinforced concrete structures of buildings is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our research is to show (by example of learning curve analysis) possibility of managing the educational process. The article presents experimental results of the construction and quantitative analysis of the learning curve by example of the elementary mathematical skill development. The experiment involved, 11th-grade students at the comprehensive school of the Russian Federation. The results obtained were divided into three groups, for each of which the learning curves were plotted. The paper outlines several dependencies on construction of learning curve approximation. Comparison of the results of the experimental learning curve approximation by various functions may lead to the conclusion that not all of them are satisfactory. The current findings showed that each student has a clearly traceable unique learning curve. It indicates the need for individual trajectory development for teaching every single student to improve the skills acquisition quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents identification and verification of a new version of the mathematical model of the Universal Modeling Method for calculating gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors. To identify the loss model, we have tested the 20CE family of model stages designed by the Problem Laboratory of Compressor Engineering TU Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The identification involved the results of 70 model stages tests and the plant test results of the TKR-175E and TKR-140E turbocharger compressors. The identification result was the average error in calculating the efficiency inside 1.2% for all flow rates. To verify the new model, low flow rate model stages measured characteristic were successfully compared with calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of improving inter-level cooperation in the management of rural areas in modern conditions, in view of the intersectoral and interterritorial affiliation of infrastructure systems, determined the goals and objectives of this paper. The purpose of the study is to determine the guidelines for organizing inter-level cooperation in managing the infrastructure of rural areas on the basis of studying scientific sources, analyzing statistical information, identifying patterns of modern development. The authors considered trends in the development of rural infrastructure on the example of the entities of the Ural macroregion of Russia. Among the results of the study, the role of infrastructure as a material basis is noted, which forms relationships and interactions in rural areas, leading to a qualitatively new integration of participants in reproductive processes associated in a specific location. To overcome negative trends and improve the quality of cooperation in infrastructure management, it is proposed to introduce the institute of agro-industrial territorial economic systems, which allows developing the logic of management processes while respecting the interests of business, population and management. The results of the study confirmed that inter-level cooperation is the most important element of management activities in achieving sustainable development of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower is the main oil crop in Russia. Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a parasitic plant, feeding on sunflower roots. The main method to control broomrape is a development of resistant varieties or hybrids. But broomrape constantly evolves and produces new strains. Breeders have to test all the material for resistance to broomrape every time to search for new resistance genes and to select resistant plants from segregating populations. The aim of our work is to evaluate sunflower lines and breeding material by the different testing techniques. The same set of sunflower lines was evaluated in the field, lisimeters, climatic chamber and by the simple laboratory equipment. Broomrape seeds used in all the experiments were collected in the farmer's fields of Krasnodar and Rostov regions of Russia. The field evaluation was certainly the most adequate, but the most expensive, with high risk of soil being contaminated by broomrape seeds and time-consuming also. Lisimeters are useful and have no risk. Climatic chambers and greenhouses are the most popular for testing among the breeders. We try to use also Petri dishes, paper test and small vegetation pods to screen the sunflower material as fast as possible. As a result the most resistant lines (L-2018-1-1 and L-2018-1-2) were recognized. Susceptibility of lines VK 789 and VK 934 B to the new strains of broomrape were proved. Individual plants from segregating populations (L-2018-1A x VK 920 and L-2018-1A x VK930) were identified for the future breeding. Similar results were obtained from all the methods of evaluations, so we recommend using the short laboratory test for screening and lisimetric or field method for the final evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the energy strategy until 2035 of the Russian Federation, obsolete generation facilities are replaced with new promising combined-cycle power units with higher energy efficiency indicators. The difficulties of operating combined-cycle power units, particularly gas turbine units, are primarily related to the working fluid preparation quality. This article discusses the elaborate practice of the air supplied to the compressor, including its cooling and filtration. The paper presents an engineering solution for the technical re-equipment of an integrated air purifier by installing panels for the air's evaporative cooling. The porous structure of the panel material also allows for air filtration. The article presents the dependence of the power of a gas turbine installation on the temperature of the outdoor air in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia). The economic effect of introducing the proposed technology is calculated, which is associated with eliminating lost profits from the under-development of electric energy and the quality of preparation of the working fluid for a gas turbine installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of the development of the Russian agro-industrial sector, disclosing the export potential of the grain complex of the Russian Federation by improving the logistics infrastructure of the grain market, substantiates the need to create a multifunctional transport and logistics center, a logistics terminal / park (hub), which is a nodal multimodal center at the intersection of federal chains supplies, international trade flows on the example of the international airport "Gagarin" (Saratov). The paper gives an example of the structure of a large logistics center, the infrastructure of which is distinguished by the complexity and variety of facilities and includes not only warehouses, but also production facilities, cargo terminals for handling and temporary storage of goods, service facilities, repair shops for freight vehicles, railway or river cargo terminal, customs, container terminal complex and other elements necessary for the organization of uninterrupted cargo flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the main trends in the development of the fortified and functional food market. The reasons for the development of alimentary diseases in the world and in Russia are considered. The trend of progressive spread of celiac disease is shown. Possible ways to prevent celiac disease are considered. The recipe for gluten-free breads with added nutritional value has been scientifically substantiated, in which gluten-free raw materials - quinoa and lentil flour are used as the main recipe ingredients, and oilseeds - as sources of essential fat-soluble components. Analysis of nutritional value and content of functional ingredients, as well as preclinical studies on laboratory animals have confirmed the high functional effectiveness of the new type of gluten-free product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the topic of oil-containing wastes generated in oil production and refining and having a significant negative impact on the environment. The problem is that only a small amount of oil-containing wastes is currently processed with the help of technologies. To prevent environmental pollution and threats to public health, enterprises need to take measures to neutralize and reduce the hazard class of oily waste for oil storage facilities and distribution depots. The paper presents the case of terminal sludge collectors in Arkhangelsk, situated in the northern part of the Russian Federation. The authors give the rationale for reducing the hazard class of oil-containing wastes, slurry cards stored for long periods at the Arkhangelsk oil transshipment complex. A technology for lowering the hazardous class of oily waste is suggested. It includes several stages and implies the division of oil sludge into layers and splitting the treatment process into phases. The waste disposal treatment consists of dosage, heating, mixing of the solid phase of the waste with organic substances, preparation and heat treatment of mixtures. The application of the method allows for the neutralization and cure of oil-contaminated materials with optimal energy consumption and the use of domestic commercially available equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates interactions among money supply, exchange rates, inflation, and nominal interest rates, which are regulating parameters of the Central bank policy. The study is based on the data received from Russian source in 2002-2016. The major findings are 1) the interest rate demonstrates almost no relation with inflation; 2) ties of money supply and the nominal interest rate are strong; 3) money supply and inflation show meaningful relations only in comparison to their growth rates. We have developed a dynamic model, which can be used in forecasting of macroeconomic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that scientists can benefit from participation in scientific networks as they can receive more and better information in a timely manner and have communication between employees. This paper shows an approach based on the use of methods of analysis of social graphs and thematic modeling to study the community of scientists working on the topic of hematology oncology in Russia. The proposed approach makes it possible to effectively identify research teams, as well as understand what issues they are working on at the moment. The use of this approach allows bringing the strategic management of scientific research within the framework of a scientific or educational organization to a new level, since it allows making data-based decisions in terms of scientific collaboration and assessing the long-term consequences of such decisions. In the work under consideration, the data of 2140 scientific articles from the Scopus / WoS databases on the topic of hematology oncology for 2016-2020 were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes more important stages of introducing nonlinear soil model into design practice in Russia. Results of laboratory and in-situ verification studies are analyzed. Some examples of objects which geotechnical parts were designed using a physically and geometrically nonlinear soil model are given and discussed. Since the soil is a natural media, the values of its mechanical characteristics (parameters) should be determined from in-situ static tests, for example, using pressuremeter devices, that allows to ensure the necessary accuracy in about 25% of the design geotechnical output data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ESG concept in the modern world redefines the investment environment and stimulates the growth of investment strategies that meet the criteria of environmental, social and sustainable management. The real estate and construction sector has the potential to link the implementation of sustainable development initiatives with an increase in investment returns. The environment component of ESG has become a key focus in recent years, but for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, a comprehensive assessment and consideration of all parameters is necessary. According to the authors, the application of ESG principles for complex low-rise buildings, as well as the emergence of a methodology for assessing the compliance of projects with ESG criteria, will increase their competitiveness and serve as an accelerator for the development of the entire low-rise construction industry. Currently, there are already methods for evaluating investment and construction projects of low-rise housing construction, but they allow us to evaluate only individual components of ESG. To assess the compliance of existing methods of certification of projects of complex low-rise buildings with ESG criteria, this paper considers the LEED BD+C for Homes and Multifamily Lowrise, BREEAM, WELL Building Standard, Ecovillage certifications and the methodology for calculating the urban environment quality index approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation. The authors propose criteria for evaluating Environment, Social, Government components for low-rise development projects, and also present a methodology for determining the integral ESG indicator of low-rise construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines the important impact of the introduction of voluntary environmental management in urban environments on environmental protection. An important role in the implementation of projects is played by innovations and tools for promoting innovative solutions that improve the ecological condition of growing areas of human activity. An analysis of the methods of processing and disposal of waste in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries was made. The problems of the waste recycling process are grouped. The methods of innovative implementations for solving environmental problems are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper on the base of new mathematical model a software complex is developed for simulation and prediction of thermal processes in permafrost with presence of various engineering structures, which are sources of heat (cold). As a rule, these sources are production wells and other facilities located at oil and gas fields (in Russia 93% natural gas and 75% oil are produced in permafrost). The developed model and the software codes can be used for long-term forecasting of changes in permafrost and deep layer of freezing (thawing) of soil (active layer thickness - ALT), in depending only with the climatic conditions, as an input for the software, in particular, with average temperature and intensity of solar radiation. An essential feature of this method is "binding" by the original algorithm to a specific geographic location, as determined by latitude and longitude. The software is designed for multi-processor computer systems and will be adapted to the cloud technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the data on chemical composition and crystal morphology of mondmilch (moon milk) sampled from Botovskaya cave, the largest in Russia. This type of sediment has been studied with the application of XRF SR method for the first time. The research of sampled specimens provides new information on chemical composition and structure of moon milk in carbonate karst caves of Eastern Siberia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conceptual design of the "Structural Diagnostics" diffraction beamline 1-2 for "SKIF" synchrotron radiation facility (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk area, Russia) is presented. The beamline will be dedicated to various diffraction techniques (powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and SAXS). All the techniques will be implemented in in situ and operando modes to enable real-time monitoring of chemical, physical, or engineering processes. The paper describes scientific scope of the beamline, basic X-ray optical scheme and equipment that will be available at the end-stations. Results of simulations and ray tracing aimed at the optimization of the instrumental resolution and flux are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the IR spectroscopy for determining the composition of photopolymerized plates is considered in the paper. Samples of plates of various manufacturers currently used by printing companies in Russia are investigated. The absorption band analysis of various polymers that are a product of oil refining is performed. The result of the analysis is the data on the composition and properties of photopolymer printing forms (PPF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Vitam regit fortuna, non sapientia' ('Fortune, not wisdom, rules lives)' (Cicero). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the results of testing and development scheme involving stonelike siliceous and clay raw materials in the production of high-strength ceramics for road construction - roads, sidewalks, squares with the requirements to ensure the load. The first type includes the flask and lithological variations. The second - argillilike clay, mudstone, tufoargillity, siltstone and others. Their main advantage is high prevalence in many regions of Russia. It reflected the urgency and relevance of application of high-strength products are not only expensive, but also in industrial and civil buildings, private house building. The analysis of raw material base and selected for the study group stonelike raw material (flask, mudstones, shales). The basic factors for the successful implementation stonelike siliceous and argillaceous rocks, taking into account technological features of modern equipment. The basic requirements for clinker products and to the structure of them. Conducted laboratory and technological tests of samples taken deposits of southern Russia and the Volga region. The methods of evaluation for the production of clinker products. In Scheme allocated 4 basic stages: study of structure and composition, processability and properties of ceramic, particularly optimization of the technological parameters and product properties, and recommendations on the most efficient use of various breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and operation of thermal power plants (TPPs) in the Russian Federation are standardized by a set of regulatory and technical documents. At the initial design stage, it is necessary to coordinate legal, environmental and other indicators of TPPs with specialists of various profiles, develop a general concept and structure of the station. In the traditional technical standards of the Russian Federation there are no documents regulating this process. At the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, a methodology and a family of IDEF standards covering all the stages and aspects of design were developed and adopted as national standards in a number of countries, including individual items in Russia. The IDEF methodology has a visual graphical language, which allows it to be used as a means of interprofessional communication. In this paper, some aspects of the application of the IDEF0 standard at the initial design stage of thermal power plants are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global space activity is on the verge of a new cycle of increased efforts in military, civil and, increasingly, commercial fields. This situation, at the time of the current geopolitical crisis, needs special attention of the expert community. The paper highlights major challenges and main trends in areas of research and usage of space, and analyzes chief competitive advantages of the most advanced space nations, first of all, the United States, Russia, and China. It emphasizes the necessity of development and promotion of strategic foresight both at national and international levels with key importance of strengthening and expanding international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is devoted to the problem of finding new resources of competitive advantages for the knowledge-intensive organizations of the hi-tech complex of the Russian Federation. The focus shifts towards the management of intellectual capital, intangible assets, knowledge, and cognitive factors of production. Traditional methods of their evaluation are based on the balance sheet and take into account only intangible assets. Utility assessment of cognitive factors of production involves the development of a method based on the qualitative characteristics of this phenomenon. The authors study the problem of using two qualitative assessment tools – fuzzy method and the hierarchy analysis method, which makes it possible to identify the usefulness of the used cognitive factors of production and evaluate their contribution to the intangible assets of a knowledge-intensive organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an exergy analysis of a heat pump has been performed according to the methodology of V. M. Brodyansky in the North-West Russia conditions. The research has revealed the relationship between parameters of individual elements and general characteristics of the heat pump (HP), depending on the influence of condensation temperature and ambient temperature on the efficiency of each individual element. In the course of the work, the operability, efficiency and losses for the compressor, condenser, evaporator and thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) were calculated. The data characterizing the performance of the heat pump installation (HPI) and its elements under different climatic conditions have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present day, Russia's Far North with its extreme conditions is characterized by intensive destruction of native vegetation and its replacement by secondary communities, presumably able to exist in anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study the development of artificially created phytocenoses (biosystems), most particularly producers being the system's foundation. When vegetation cover is disturbed, heat exchange between soils and atmosphere increase, permafrost thawing and degradation accelerate. Thus, there is a strong need for a better understanding of permafrost distribution, temporal evolution of the ground thermal regime and the preserving role of vegetation cover in these regions. When producers are used to restore the vegetation cover, it is commonly assumed that soil stabilization improves soil microclimate and hydrothermal conditions and makes it more sustainable, which helps to reduce permafrost thawing. Studying the patterns of phytocenosis development after biological reclamation, is undoubtedly one of the most important approaches to scientifically credible restoration of phytocenosis in Russia's Far North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]