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This paper proposed the modelling and simulation of generator protection for power system using digital reverse power relay. The operations of the power plant are often interrupted by the reverse power generation. Therefore, generators need to be closely monitored and controlled. In this study, 11 kV synchronous generators are connected to 220 kV load through a step-up transformer, and a new model of reverse power relay is added for generator protection. The reverse power relay proposed in this paper is a digital relay with high accuracy and high reacting speed. Several cases based on various types of mechanical inputs to the generator were studied to test the operation of the reverse power relay. This simulation was done using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the 11 kV generator protection is successful with this new model reverse power relay. Besides, the simulation results were similar result compared to the theory result. From the simulation results, the integral output of the relay will reach the threshold value ‘L’ whenever there is a reversed power flow fault found in the system. Consequently, the relay will be triggered to provide protection for the generator. This model has been added into online resources of MATLAB Power System Tools. In addition, this model may also help the engineers to develop the analytical skills under various conditions.

Recently assembly line balancing (ALB) is an ultimate focus issue in manufacturing industries for optimizing both common goals which were the number of workstations and the production rate. Metaheuristic is one of optimization problem-independent technique. This paper focusses on the short review of metaheuristic optimization in solving assembly line balancing problems. Hence, to produce a summary of the review, this paper selects some publications for the past 3 years from year 2016 to 2019. From the review shows the metaheuristic optimization that often used are Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Differential Evaluation (DE), Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA). Besides, GA is most frequently used to solve ALB problems. Finally, recommendation for future research for solving ALB Problems using metaheuristic optimization are discussed.

In this paper brake performance is studied under varying brake pressure. This brake pressure depends upon the pedal ratio. Along with theoretical analysis software like ANSYS is used to determine the sustainability of the disc under varying load that are obtained by varying force applied on pedal and pedal ratios. A brake is a mechanical device that hinders movement by retaining kinetic energy from a moving component. It is utilized for halting a moving vehicle, wheel, tire, disc or to keep its movement, regularly achieved by means of friction. The parts involved in the braking system are simple but the performance of these brakes greatly varies with slight variations involved in it. Though there are many factors that vary the performance of brakes initially the variations can be done at brake pedal level. The proper selection of the pedal ratio is important for the brake performance. This importance of this small part is the concept of this paper. The importance of this part is described and its effects are detailed in this paper.

The paper presents considerations regarding the process of determining the fuel consumption from diesel locomotive engines. In order to know the actual fuel consumption for a given engine, depending on the parameters of the drive system operation, it is necessary to carry out activities aimed at determining its operational indicators. This can be achieved by performing tests in real driving conditions or calculating fuel consumption using a calculation method based on the engine operating conditions. The paper presents the fuel consumption of a Stage II approved locomotive engine, which is used to drive various types of off-road machines and rail vehicles. The presented results of fuel consumption include the values determined on the resistor at set operating points and in real operating conditions. Using the assumptions of the vehicle’s operating time density characteristics, a computational method for assessing the fuel consumption of traction locomotives was developed. When comparing the results of bench and real measurements, the influence of the work parameters variability on fuel consumption was determined. In the summary, conclusions regarding the developed method were formulated, and reference was made to the possibility of using this tool to assess the ecological indicators of rail vehicles.

Because the winding resistance of small power transformer is far bigger than the inductance of winding, it is difficult to obtain the leakage inductance parameters of small power transformer winding accurately by traditional experimental methods. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a method of obtaining leakage inductance by applying step voltage, establishes the T-type equivalent circuit model of transformer, carries out the measurement experiment of leakage inductance, and carries out Simulink simulation with the parameters obtained by applying step voltage. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the validity of the method.Because the winding resistance of small power transformer is far bigger than the inductance of winding, it is difficult to obtain the leakage inductance parameters of small power transformer winding accurately by traditional experimental methods. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a method of obtaining leakage inductance by applying step voltage, establishes the T-type equivalent circuit model of transformer, carries out the measurement experiment of leakage inductance, and carries out Simulink simulation with the parameters obtained by applying step voltage. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the validity of the method.

The KDamper is a novel passive vibration absorption concept, based essentially on the optimal combination of appropriate stiffness elements, which include a negative stiffness element. In this paper, the implementation of the KDamper as a seismic Absorption Base (KDAB) is considered. The paper proceeds to the assessment of the performance of the KDamper as seismic absorption base in a typical flexible 5-storey concrete building structure with a fundamental period of 0.5 sec. The structure is excited by artificial accelerograms, generated to be compatible with the highly demanding Eurocode 8 case C with a PGA of 0.36g, and by real earthquake records. The performance of the KDAB is compared not only to the original structure but also to the cases of conventional and highly damped base isolation systems, as well as the case of a Tuned Inerter Damper (TID). Alternative options for the selection of the KDamper natural frequency are considered, leading to two limit cases. In the first case, the nominal KDamper frequency is selected equal to the low frequency of a conventional base isolation system, resulting in a drastic improvement of the overall structural performance. However, another interesting option is revealed, which foresees the implementation of the KDAB with a nominal frequency much higher than that of the base isolation system. This choice leads to a drastic reduction of the relative base displacement, in the order of few centimeters, combined with acceptable structural performance with respect to drift and absolute acceleration. As a consequence, the KDamper can be implemented as “stiff seismic absorption base”, overcoming the disadvantages of the conventional base isolation systems, and thus leading towards alternative seismic protection technologies.

The pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) is a potential electric thruster for microsatellites. One important content of PPT performance research is the measurement of micro-thrust and micro-impulse. This paper summarizes the 4 typical dynamic measuring systems at home and abroad, which include the single pendulum type, the torsion pendulum type, the cantilever type and the balance type. In the paper, the structure principle, measurement performance, advantages and disadvantages of various configurations are compared and analyzed. The development process of each micro-thrust and micro-impulse measurement technology is summarized, and its developing trend is prospected.

Newly developed 3D reconstruction technology has many uses ranging from facial recognition, self-driving vehicles, and producing accurate models of samples. To utilize 3D reconstruction, a depth map of the sample must be generated from a series of images. This can be done using stereoscopic 3D, or in the case of a fixed camera (such as the 10ID On-Axis Microscope at NSLS-II used for this paper) through focus stacking. This paper will explain how focus stacking can be used to generate in-focus images at very shallow depth of fields, and merge these images to create depth maps and 3D models.

One of the vital components for the pebble reactor is the fuel handling system which was employed to load, recirculate and discharge the depleted fuel during the operation of reactor. The previous fuel handling design and experience of the High Temperature Reaktor 10 MWth (HTR-10) and HTR-PM were beneficial for the development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reaktor (HTGR) in Indonesia such as for the Reaktor Daya Eksperiment (RDE) 10 MWth and PELUIT 150 MWth. One of the focus for the development especially for the control is an important factor to ensure that the reliability and the safety during operation were guarantee. Therefore, aims of this paper is to understand and develop the automatic control system of the fuel handling. The development was done by applying the logic flowchart of the fuel handling HTGR with the HTR-10 as the reference. Some modification was made considering the future application in Indonesia It was demonstrated that the automation systems with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) can control handling systems easily because each valve can be drive to open and close immediately as requested from the sensor. It was also demostrated that the timing chart monitoring confirms the control of flowchart process description for the new fresh fuel loading.One of the vital components for the pebble reactor is the fuel handling system which was employed to load, recirculate and discharge the depleted fuel during the operation of reactor. The previous fuel handling design and experience of the High Temperature Reaktor 10 MWth (HTR-10) and HTR-PM were beneficial for the development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reaktor (HTGR) in Indonesia such as for the Reaktor Daya Eksperiment (RDE) 10 MWth and PELUIT 150 MWth. One of the focus for the development especially for the control is an important factor to ensure that the reliability and the safety during operation were guarantee. Therefore, aims of this paper is to understand and develop the automatic control system of the fuel handling. The development was done by applying the logic flowchart of the fuel handling HTGR with the HTR-10 as the reference. Some modification was made considering the future application in Indonesia It was demonstrated that the automation systems with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)...

The advent of Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) systems have aided the rapid manufacturing of composite aerospace structures. One of the challenges that AFP systems bring is the variability of the deposited prepreg tape layers, which are prone to gaps, overlaps and twists. The current detection method used in industry involves halting fabrication and performing a time consuming visual inspection of each tape layer. Typical AFP systems use a quartz lamp to heat the base layer to make the surface tacky as it deposits another tape layer. The innovation discussed in this paper is to use the preheated base layer as a through transmission heat source and inspect the newly added tape layer in situ using a thermographic camera mounted onto the AFP structure. Such a system would not only increase manufacturing throughput by reducing inspection times, but would also aid in process development for new structural designs or material systems. To this end, a small thermal camera was mounted onto an AFP robotic research platform at NASA, and thermal data was collected during typical and experimental layup operations. The data was post processed to reveal defects such as tow overlap/gap, wrinkling, and peel-up. Defects that would have been impossible to detect visually were also revealed in the data, such as poor/loss of adhesion between plies and the effects of vacuum debulking. This paper will cover the results of our experiments, and the recent progress on the data reduction algorithms in preparation for machine learning development.

Operator support systems are extensively studied and developed to support human operators for their activities in especially an abnormal condition of a nuclear power plant. By the advancement of computer technology and artificial intelligence, an operator support system can provide detailed support information based on detailed models and utilizing detailed simulation of plant dynamics and/or complicated inference algorithms. However, human operators may not understand the detailed support information under high mental pressure in an abnormal plant condition. In such a case, it is important how to provide essential and understandable support information. This paper deals with a technique to simplify functional models in order to display operator support information that is generated based on detailed functional models. This paper defines eight cognitive states of human operators from the viewpoint of cognitive abilities of human. In addition, three ways to simplify functional models are identified.

The aim of the paper is to present a regulation and control model of the two link manipulator end effector position. Attention is paid to kinematic and dynamic analysis of the manipulator. Then the simulation model with a control algorithm of its end effector position is proposed. MSC Adams Control Toolkit is used for computer simulation. Finally the results of the simulation are presented in graphical form. An example of a robot model that will be the objective of the solution in the paper consists of two members. The industrial robot can be considered as an open chain mechanism consisting of rigid links and joints. The movable arms are mounted on a solid base ensuring its stability in operation. A working tool, in our case a basket, is fixedly connected to the movable upper arm. Our aim is to describe the movement of the basket of the end member. The control of the position of the end member was performed by the MSC Adams program, which offers the possibility to build a control system and also the possibility of using regulator. In this case a proportional regulator with Kp gain is used. The stability of the basket is eliminated by the control circuit by applying a balancing torque that allows the basket to stabilize during movement. For the control system a feedback control circuit is provided. The regulator controls the equalization torque to keep the basket in a horizontal position during arm rotation. The aim was also to obtain results from the manipulation of the robot’s end effector and to prove the ability and functionality of the designed balancing torque controller. The course of the current and desired angle while moving by trajectory is displayed graphically.The aim of the paper is to present a regulation and control model of the two link manipulator end effector position. Attention is paid to kinematic and dynamic analysis of the manipulator. Then the simulation model with a control algorithm of its end effector position is proposed. MSC Adams Control Toolkit is used for computer simulation. Finally the results of the simulation are presented in graphical form. An example of a robot model that will be the objective of the solution in the paper consists of two members. The industrial robot can be considered as an open chain mechanism consisting of rigid links and joints. The movable arms are mounted on a solid base ensuring its stability in operation. A working tool, in our case a basket, is fixedly connected to the movable upper arm. Our aim is to describe the movement of the basket of the end member. The control of the position of the end member was performed by the MSC Adams program, which offers the possibility to build a control system and also the possi...

The surrounding environment of overhead transmission lines is complex and changeable, which often causes short circuit trip because of the foreign objects such as kite, colored ribbon and plastic film. It brings serious threat to the security of power grid and causes great economic loss. In this paper, an advanced laser distance removing method is proposed in this paper, which can quickly and reliably remove the foreign objects on the line. In this paper, the principle analysis of overhead line laser removal is carried out, and the comparison test results with different lasers of different kinds of lasers are carried out, and the optimal selection scheme of laser is obtained. Laser aiming technology, cooling technology and safety guarantee measures are developed. It has high application value for removing obstacles from overhead lines.

We proposed the design of a respiration system based on laser reflection for an infant incubator that is able to continuously operate. The device consists of a laser diode (λ=650 nm; P=5 mW), a paper reflector, photodiode array as a detector, comparator, microcontroller Arduino UNO R3, and LCD. Also, there is a buzzer for anticipating emergency situations such as apnea. It utilizes the reflection of laser light on paper reflector attached to an infant simulator. Next, the reflection will be received by photodiode array and comparator which connects to the Arduino UNO R3. Then, the result was displayed on an LCD. From the experiment results, it was indicated that the system could measure respiratory rate from 10 up to 70 breaths per minute with an error of 2.357%.

Combined cycle power plants are often used to produce power. These days prediction of power plant output based on operating parameters is a major concern. This paper presents an approach to using computational intelligence technique to predict the output power of combined cycle power plant. Computational intelligence techniques have been developed and applied to many real world problems. In this paper, tree architectures of fuzzy neural networks are considered to predict the output power. Tree architectures of fuzzy neural networks have an advantage of reducing the number of rules by selecting fuzzy neurons as nodes and relevant inputs as leaves optimally. For the optimization of the networks, two-step optimization method is used. Genetic algorithms optimize the binary structure of the networks by selecting the nodes and leaves as binary, and followed by random signal-based learning further refines the optimized binary connections in the unit interval. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, combined cycle power plant dataset obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository Database is considered.

In this paper, the isolated DC-DC converters fly back, forward converter, and hybrid converter topologies are considered for analysis. However, each topology has definite boundaries that are hard to resolve that can be overcome by the hybrid topology. This paper presents a hybrid type of forward, and fly back converter, allocation of the transformer utilization factor a better manner, has exceptionally high voltage gain and high efficiency. Achieving soft switching with control and design is easy. The forward fly back converters are simulated using MATLAB Simulink employing the results are analyzed and compared the efficiencies with theoretical and simulated values. The theoretical analysis of flyback-forward converter using DSPIC30F4011 is verified by comparing the theoretical and simulation results with a prototype of 100W and 2 kHz switching frequency.

High speed vehicle as a vibration system, resonance generated in flight may be harmful to high speed vehicles. It is possible to solve the resonance problem by acquiring the natural frequency of the high-speed aircraft and then taking some measures to avoid the natural frequency of the high speed vehicle. Therefore, In this paper, the modal test of the high speed vehicle was carried out by using the running hammer method and the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. Firstly, the total frequency response function, coherence function of the high speed vehicle are obtained by the running hammer stimulation test, and through the modal assurance criterion (MAC) to determine the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Secondly, the first three order frequencies, the pole steady state diagram of the high speed vehicles is obtained by the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. At last, the natural frequency of the vibration system was accurately obtained by the running hammer method.High speed vehicle as a vibration system, resonance generated in flight may be harmful to high speed vehicles. It is possible to solve the resonance problem by acquiring the natural frequency of the high-speed aircraft and then taking some measures to avoid the natural frequency of the high speed vehicle. Therefore, In this paper, the modal test of the high speed vehicle was carried out by using the running hammer method and the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. Firstly, the total frequency response function, coherence function of the high speed vehicle are obtained by the running hammer stimulation test, and through the modal assurance criterion (MAC) to determine the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Secondly, the first three order frequencies, the pole steady state diagram of the high speed vehicles is obtained by the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. At last, the natural frequency of the vibration system was accurately obtained by the running hammer method.

To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provided to highlight the effectiveness and sustainability of proposed cryptosystem and to prove that the cryptosystem is secure for usage.To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provid...

Growing energy consumption leads to discovery of new technology to accommodate global energy demand. Stirling Engine is one of the traditional engine which can harvest solar energy with minimal modification on the configuration. This paper covers literature review on Solar Powered Stirling Engine technology. The development of traditional Stirling Engine will be discussed on earlier part. The second part covers the integration of solar power with Stirling Engine and application of this combined system in industry. There were many researches and studies carried out previously on the development and application of traditional Stirling Engine and solar powered Stirling Engine. This paper is focus on optimization of performance of Solar Powered Stirling which will provide comprehensive details on the factor needed to be optimized in order to develop all rounded Solar Stirling Engine for future studies.

The paper deals with the challenges of the machinery vibroacoustic signal modeling. The purpose of this paper is to form a phenomenological model for the structure of vibroacoustic oscillations and signals appeared in case of malfunctions and defects. It presents particular structural models for vibroacoustic signals of some reciprocating machine malfunctions. Mathematical description of the vibroacoustic signal reveals the informative parameters of the malfunction diagnostic signs. The model enables us to define in detail the informative vibroacoustic signal parameters. The model also allows us to select the diagnostic signs of the given malfunctions and defects in certain machine parts and components. At the same time, it is considered that the signal is received in certain points on the machine taking into account the excitation sources, conditioning channel and propagation of the vibroacoustic oscillations. The model has been constructed considering the presence and interaction of the three main sources of excitation of the asset vibroacoustic oscillations, which are identified by the types of excited oscillations. It is assumed that there are damped natural, undamped induced, random broadband and narrowband vibrations. The parameters of the vibroacoustic signal structural model also take into account the properties of converting the vibroacoustic oscillation to the vibroacoustic signal by means of a piezoelectric sensor. The model shows that the vibroacoustic signal has not only the components from each source, but their mutually modulated components. We developed partial models for mechanisms of structuring the vibroacoustic signal appeared in case of malfunctions and defects in rotating parts and couplings, machine shaft and drive shaft misalignment, increased clearances and other defects and failures of the rotating and reciprocating parts and components. The proposed phenomenological structural models of the vibroacoustic signals appeared in case of malfunctions of reciprocating machines show that for the diagnostic purposes it is necessary to analyze vibroacoustic signals either in the time domain according to the cyclogram of the reciprocating machine operation or in the envelope spectrum at characteristic frequencies or the noise component. In the event of defects and malfunctions in the centrifugal rotating parts and components, there are excited the vibroacoustic signals, which are advisable to analyze in the direct spectrum or in the spectrum of the noise component envelope. The proposed models enable us to select and form scientifically grounded systems of the machine failure diagnostic signs.

The paper deals with advanced control techniques for helicopters. The first section presents a brief description of the helicopter control problem, explaining the necessity for automatic flight control systems in order to fly higher degree of difficulty missions such as instrument flight, night flight, etc. Since the helicopter is a multivariable (MIMO) dynamic system, specific multivariable control methods must be employed in order to accomplish the stability and the maneuverability specifications. The main contribution of the paper consists in a design methodology based on the minimization of the H∞ norm of the mapping from command signals and external perturbations to the tracking errors and controls. This design methodology is illustrated by case studies emphasizing its advantages with respect to the classical control laws integrated in helicopters automatic flight control systems.

To solve the problems in the DEM simulations of the screening process of a swing-bar sieve, in this paper we propose the real-virtual boundary method to build the geometrical model of the screen deck on a swing-bar sieve. The motion of the swing-bar sieve is modelled by the planer multi-body kinematics. A coupled model of the discrete element method (DEM) with multi-body kinematics (MBK) is presented to simulate the flowing and passing processes of soybean particles on the screen deck. By the comparison of the simulated results with the experimental results of the screening process of the LA-LK laboratory scale swing-bar sieve, the feasibility and validity of the real-virtual boundary method and the coupled DEM-MBK model we proposed in this paper can be verified. This work provides the basis for the optimization design of the swing-bar sieve with circular apertures and complex motion.

The emerging applications of coordination and cooperation between mobile robots, as well as interaction between mobile robots and humans, demands for an early and well designed robotic education. In addition, research and development in this area needs to be supported with an-easy-to-implement mobile robot platform. An availability of a low-cost and open source mobile robots will be beneficial, especially in a development country such as Indonesia. In this paper we propose a low cost and open source mobile robot platform that can be used for education and research specific in mobile robots and coordination between the robots. The “low cost” is defined as the availability and easiness to find the components in Indonesia or at least easily found in online shop. The “open source” means that the resulting design and implementation can be accessed in open source library and follow the GNU license. The first generation of the robot has been validated in terms of individual sensor and performance. The platform has been extended up to second generation and is used in different applications such as indoor mapping and remote control manipulation.The emerging applications of coordination and cooperation between mobile robots, as well as interaction between mobile robots and humans, demands for an early and well designed robotic education. In addition, research and development in this area needs to be supported with an-easy-to-implement mobile robot platform. An availability of a low-cost and open source mobile robots will be beneficial, especially in a development country such as Indonesia. In this paper we propose a low cost and open source mobile robot platform that can be used for education and research specific in mobile robots and coordination between the robots. The “low cost” is defined as the availability and easiness to find the components in Indonesia or at least easily found in online shop. The “open source” means that the resulting design and implementation can be accessed in open source library and follow the GNU license. The first generation of the robot has been validated in terms of individual sensor and performance. The platform h...

Every production process requires monitoring system, so the desired efficiency and productivity can be monitored at any time. This system is also needed in the job shop type of manufacturing which is mainly influenced by the manufacturing lead time. Processing time is one of the factors that affect the manufacturing lead time. In a conventional company, the recording of processing time is done manually by the operator on a sheet of paper. This method is prone to errors. This paper aims to overcome this problem by creating a system which is able to record and monitor the processing time automatically. The solution is realized by utilizing electric current sensor, barcode, RFID, wireless network and windows-based application. An automatic monitoring device is attached to the production machine. It is equipped with a touch screen-LCD so that the operator can use it easily. Operator identity is recorded through RFID which is embedded in his ID card. The workpiece data are collected from the database by scanning the barcode listed on its monitoring sheet. A sensor is mounted on the machine to measure the actual machining time. The system’s outputs are actual processing time and machine’s capacity information. This system is connected wirelessly to a workshop planning application belongs to the firm. Test results indicated that all functions of the system can run properly. This system successfully enables supervisors, PPIC or higher level management staffs to monitor the processing time quickly with a better accuracy.Every production process requires monitoring system, so the desired efficiency and productivity can be monitored at any time. This system is also needed in the job shop type of manufacturing which is mainly influenced by the manufacturing lead time. Processing time is one of the factors that affect the manufacturing lead time. In a conventional company, the recording of processing time is done manually by the operator on a sheet of paper. This method is prone to errors. This paper aims to overcome this problem by creating a system which is able to record and monitor the processing time automatically. The solution is realized by utilizing electric current sensor, barcode, RFID, wireless network and windows-based application. An automatic monitoring device is attached to the production machine. It is equipped with a touch screen-LCD so that the operator can use it easily. Operator identity is recorded through RFID which is embedded in his ID card. The workpiece data are collected from the database by scanni...

The reliability of the crane product in engineering is the core competitiveness of the product. This paper used Monte Carlo method analyzed the reliability of the weld metal structure of the bridge crane whose limit state function is mathematical expression. Then we obtained the minimum reliable welding feet height value for the welds between cover plate and web plate on main beam in different coefficients of variation. This paper provides a new idea and reference for the growth of the inherent reliability of crane.

In this paper, an altitude control system is designed to increase the positioning accuracy of a mini-UAV on the z-axis of the inertial system and to improve conventional altitude control systems relying only on GPS, barometer or laser sensors which may have significant errors in certain flight conditions. The main objective of the mini-UAV is to monitor and detect a Corona Discharge that usually occurs on high voltage powerlines which implies a very good infrastructure in terms of on-board equipment because of the danger which occur when UAV flies quite close to the powerlines and into an intense electromagnetic field. To design the altitude controller for the longitudinal dynamics a control structure method, based on successively closed loops with different types of classic controllers was used. We concluded that the command structures with speed constraint was necessary to implement a speed device that automatically maintains a constant speed. Thus, the speed device is trying to maintain a constant speed using the throttle control. After modelling the longitudinal dynamics, numerical simulations were performed in MATLAB, Simulink and the obtained results confirmed a good performance of the proposed control strategy flight altitude control based on the automated speed device.In this paper, an altitude control system is designed to increase the positioning accuracy of a mini-UAV on the z-axis of the inertial system and to improve conventional altitude control systems relying only on GPS, barometer or laser sensors which may have significant errors in certain flight conditions. The main objective of the mini-UAV is to monitor and detect a Corona Discharge that usually occurs on high voltage powerlines which implies a very good infrastructure in terms of on-board equipment because of the danger which occur when UAV flies quite close to the powerlines and into an intense electromagnetic field. To design the altitude controller for the longitudinal dynamics a control structure method, based on successively closed loops with different types of classic controllers was used. We concluded that the command structures with speed constraint was necessary to implement a speed device that automatically maintains a constant speed. Thus, the speed device is trying to maintain a constant spee...

Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).

This paper describes the calibration of the National Standard of Resistance using an Automatic Direct Current Comparator Bridge (DCC Bridge). We will also discuss the various sources of uncertainty in the measurements and their estimations based on Type A and Type B evaluations. Furthermore, we discuss the uncertainty budget and report the results at k = 2 for the coverage probability of approximately 95% for a normal distribution.This paper describes the calibration of the National Standard of Resistance using an Automatic Direct Current Comparator Bridge (DCC Bridge). We will also discuss the various sources of uncertainty in the measurements and their estimations based on Type A and Type B evaluations. Furthermore, we discuss the uncertainty budget and report the results at k = 2 for the coverage probability of approximately 95% for a normal distribution.

A multi-channel isolation power supply is designed for the problems of different MOSFET or IGBT in the non-equipotential circuit in this paper. It mainly includes the square wave generation circuit, the high-frequency transformer and the three-terminal stabilized circuit. The first part is used to generate the 24V square wave, and as the input of the magnetic ring transformer. In the second part, the magnetic ring transformer consists of one input and three outputs to realize multi-channel isolation output. The third part can output different potential and realize non-equal potential function through the three-terminal stabilized chip. In addition, the multi-channel isolation power source proposed in this paper is Small size, high reliability and low price, and it is convenient for power electronic switches that operate on multiple different potentials. Therefore, the research on power supply of power electronic circuit has practical significance.

Power loss minimization have many advantagess to the distribution system radial among others reduction of power flow in feeder lines, freeing stress on feeder loading, deterrence of power procurement from the grid and also the cost of loss compensating instruments. This paper, presents capacitor and photovoltaic (PV) placement as alternative means to decrease power system losses. The paper aims to evaluate the best alternative for decreasing power system losses and improving voltage profile in the radial distribution system. To achieve the objectives of paper, they are used three cases tested by Electric Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) simulation. Firstly, it performs simulation of placement capacitor. Secondly, simulated placement of PV. Lastly, it runs simulation of placement capacitor and PV simultaneously. The simulations were validated using the IEEE 34-bus test system. As a result, they proved that the installation of capacitor and PV integration simultaneously leading to voltage profile correction and power losses minimization significantly.

With the progress of China’s nuclear power industry, nuclear power plant valve products is in a period of rapid development, high performance, low cost, short cycle of design requirements for nuclear power valve is proposed, so there is an urgent need for advanced digital design method and integrated design platform to provide technical support. Especially in the background of the nuclear power plant leakage in Japan, it is more practical to improve the design capability and product performance of the nuclear power valve. The finite element numerical analysis is a common and effective method for the development of nuclear power valves. Nuclear power valve has high safety, complexity of valve chamber and nonlinearity of seal joint surface. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate prediction models for earthquake prediction and seal failure to meet engineering accuracy and calculation conditions. In this paper, a general method of finite element modeling for nuclear power valve assembly and key components is presented, aiming at revealing the characteristics and rules of finite element modeling of nuclear power valves, and putting forward aprecision control strategy for finite element models for nuclear power valve characteristics analysis.With the progress of China’s nuclear power industry, nuclear power plant valve products is in a period of rapid development, high performance, low cost, short cycle of design requirements for nuclear power valve is proposed, so there is an urgent need for advanced digital design method and integrated design platform to provide technical support. Especially in the background of the nuclear power plant leakage in Japan, it is more practical to improve the design capability and product performance of the nuclear power valve. The finite element numerical analysis is a common and effective method for the development of nuclear power valves. Nuclear power valve has high safety, complexity of valve chamber and nonlinearity of seal joint surface. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate prediction models for earthquake prediction and seal failure to meet engineering accuracy and calculation conditions. In this paper, a general method of finite element modeling for nuclear power valve assembly and key compone...

Image segmentation methods are essential in computer vision applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm to detect a hand in an image and then to create a convex hull around it. A hand thus detected, via a stationary video camera placed in front of the user, could serve to control robots of various kinds. This goal is achieved by proposing a new process of hand segmentation and recognition utilizing Open CV image processing framework. The algorithm is able to identify hand in the picture and prepare the separated object for gesture recognition. Final implementation was written and verified in the C# language.Image segmentation methods are essential in computer vision applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm to detect a hand in an image and then to create a convex hull around it. A hand thus detected, via a stationary video camera placed in front of the user, could serve to control robots of various kinds. This goal is achieved by proposing a new process of hand segmentation and recognition utilizing Open CV image processing framework. The algorithm is able to identify hand in the picture and prepare the separated object for gesture recognition. Final implementation was written and verified in the C# language.

This paper aims to reduce inventory levels in the production process as well as to minimize the defective ratios resulting in these processes. This article presents the general use model with a special case. In the general use model, ratios of defectives have been taken at all workstation under consideration as well as the impact of the total cost function of the product. In the special case, the impact of the defective ratios is reduced. It means that the batch size was produced without defects (neglecting the defective ratios) and the impact rates of defective in the batch size. The paper also presented the analytical variations regarding defective rates changing to be fixed at all stages and measuring their impact on the batch size and the total cost of the product. Before that, recycling has been taken into consideration at all workstation under study and then analyzed by the program written. The model in the special case is more efficient, and it reduces costs, while it also reduces the size of the production cycle.This paper aims to reduce inventory levels in the production process as well as to minimize the defective ratios resulting in these processes. This article presents the general use model with a special case. In the general use model, ratios of defectives have been taken at all workstation under consideration as well as the impact of the total cost function of the product. In the special case, the impact of the defective ratios is reduced. It means that the batch size was produced without defects (neglecting the defective ratios) and the impact rates of defective in the batch size. The paper also presented the analytical variations regarding defective rates changing to be fixed at all stages and measuring their impact on the batch size and the total cost of the product. Before that, recycling has been taken into consideration at all workstation under study and then analyzed by the program written. The model in the special case is more efficient, and it reduces costs, while it also reduces the size of the p...

Natural circulation has an important role in the safety system of a nuclear reactor. It is part of passive system, which is operated without any external prime mover. The behavior of natural circulation shall be known to be effectively incorporated in the safety system of a nuclear reactor. This paper describes the preliminary results of the study on natural circulation conducted at a vertical rectangular experimental facility FASSIP-01. The RELAP5 code is used to simulate the experiment. The goal is to study the validity of the RELAP 5 model to analyze the natural circulation in FASSIP-01. The simulation could provide a reasonable good results describing the natural circulation established in the rectangular loop of FASSIP-01. However, there are still discrepancies with the experimental results, especially with regard to mass flow rate and temperature distribution in the loop. The model needs be improved and further comprehensive data from experiments are necessitated for better validation, as well.Natural circulation has an important role in the safety system of a nuclear reactor. It is part of passive system, which is operated without any external prime mover. The behavior of natural circulation shall be known to be effectively incorporated in the safety system of a nuclear reactor. This paper describes the preliminary results of the study on natural circulation conducted at a vertical rectangular experimental facility FASSIP-01. The RELAP5 code is used to simulate the experiment. The goal is to study the validity of the RELAP 5 model to analyze the natural circulation in FASSIP-01. The simulation could provide a reasonable good results describing the natural circulation established in the rectangular loop of FASSIP-01. However, there are still discrepancies with the experimental results, especially with regard to mass flow rate and temperature distribution in the loop. The model needs be improved and further comprehensive data from experiments are necessitated for better validation, as well.

Now a day’s rocket engines (air-breathing type) are being used for aerospace purposes but the studies have shown that these are less efficient, so alternatives are being searched for these. Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) is one such efficient engine which can replace the rocket engines. In this review paper, different researches have been cited. As can be observed from various researches, insertion of obstacles is better. Deflagration to Detonation(DDT) transition process is found to be most important factor. So a lot of researches are being done considering this DDT chamber. Also, the ignition chamber and ejector were found to improve the effectiveness of PDE. The PDE works with a range of Mach 0-4. Flame acceleration is also found to increase the DDT process. Use of valve and valveless engine has also been compared. Various other factors have been focused in this review paper which is found to boost PDE performance.Now a day’s rocket engines (air-breathing type) are being used for aerospace purposes but the studies have shown that these are less efficient, so alternatives are being searched for these. Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) is one such efficient engine which can replace the rocket engines. In this review paper, different researches have been cited. As can be observed from various researches, insertion of obstacles is better. Deflagration to Detonation(DDT) transition process is found to be most important factor. So a lot of researches are being done considering this DDT chamber. Also, the ignition chamber and ejector were found to improve the effectiveness of PDE. The PDE works with a range of Mach 0-4. Flame acceleration is also found to increase the DDT process. Use of valve and valveless engine has also been compared. Various other factors have been focused in this review paper which is found to boost PDE performance.

In order to adapt to the dynamical changeable channel condition and improve the transmissive reliability of the system, a cooperation system of rate-compatible low density parity check (RC-LDPC) codes combining with multi-relay selection protocol is proposed. In traditional relay selection protocol, only the channel state information (CSI) of source-relay and the CSI of relay-destination has been considered. The multi-relay selection protocol proposed by this paper takes the CSI between relays into extra account in order to obtain more chances of collabration. Additionally, the idea of hybrid automatic request retransmission (HARQ) and rate-compatible are introduced. Simulation results show that the transmissive reliability of the system can be significantly improved by the proposed protocol.In order to adapt to the dynamical changeable channel condition and improve the transmissive reliability of the system, a cooperation system of rate-compatible low density parity check (RC-LDPC) codes combining with multi-relay selection protocol is proposed. In traditional relay selection protocol, only the channel state information (CSI) of source-relay and the CSI of relay-destination has been considered. The multi-relay selection protocol proposed by this paper takes the CSI between relays into extra account in order to obtain more chances of collabration. Additionally, the idea of hybrid automatic request retransmission (HARQ) and rate-compatible are introduced. Simulation results show that the transmissive reliability of the system can be significantly improved by the proposed protocol.

LS-type screw conveyor has been extensively used in the transportation of powder coal mine. Reasonable selection and design of the structure and parameters of conveyor body is the most significant for the transportation of powder coal mine. The whole structure and the working principle of the LS-type screw conveyor were introduced in the paper. And then the design and calculation formula of key components on LS-type spiral conveyor body, such as screw shaft, spiral blade and intermediate bearing are given. This paper makes a further research on design of key components on LS-type spiral conveyor, providing theoretical basis for the application of the screw conveyor in powder coal mine.

At the present time the maintenance of the welded construction serviceability over normative service life is provided by the maintenance system on the basis of the guiding documents according to the concept of “fail safe”. However, technology factors relating to welding such as high residual stresses and significant plastic strains are not considered in the guiding documents. The design procedure of the stressed-strained state of welded constructions is suggested in the paper. The procedure investigates welded constructions during welding and the external load using the program ANSYS. In this paper, the model of influence of the residual stress strain state on the factor of stress intensity is proposed. The calculation method of the residual stressed-strained state (SSS) taking into account the phase transition is developed by the authors. Melting and hardening of a plate material during heating and cooling is considered. The thermomechanical problem of heating a plate by a stationary heat source is solved. The setup of the heating spot center on distance (190 mm) from the crack top in a direction of its propagation leads to the fact that the value of total factor of stress intensity will considerably decrease under action of the specified residual compressing stresses. It can lower the speed of the crack propagation to zero. The suggested method of survivability maintenance can be applied during operation with the purpose of increasing the service life of metal constructions up to running repair of technological machines.At the present time the maintenance of the welded construction serviceability over normative service life is provided by the maintenance system on the basis of the guiding documents according to the concept of “fail safe”. However, technology factors relating to welding such as high residual stresses and significant plastic strains are not considered in the guiding documents. The design procedure of the stressed-strained state of welded constructions is suggested in the paper. The procedure investigates welded constructions during welding and the external load using the program ANSYS. In this paper, the model of influence of the residual stress strain state on the factor of stress intensity is proposed. The calculation method of the residual stressed-strained state (SSS) taking into account the phase transition is developed by the authors. Melting and hardening of a plate material during heating and cooling is considered. The thermomechanical problem of heating a plate by a stationary heat source is solve...

The novel concept of comprehensive weld inspection with use of three sources of data (radiogram image, image composed of laser profilometer 3D data, CCD camera image) and weld images fusion is presented in the paper. The algorithms of data processing aimed at detection and visualization of weld flaws are roughly described. The special attention was paid at presentation and explanation of algorithm for aligning and spatial correction of images composed of data delivered by three independent sources. The results yielded by proposed algorithms for preprocessing of weld images, weld detection, feature extraction, shape extraction, shape matching, filtering, distortion correction, etc. are illustrated with several figures included in the paper. The concise description of designed and implemented laboratory stands is included in the paper too.

The present paper deals with the quality assessment of PLC channel which is a part of fault-tolerant self-organizing heterogeneous communication system. The PLC implementation allows to reduce exploitation costs when constructing new info-communication networks. PLC is used for transmitting information between various devices in alternating current mains. There exist different approaches to transfer information over power lines. Their differences resulted from the requirements of typical apps which use PLC as a data transmission channel. In the process of research described in this paper, the simulation of a signal in AC mains with regard to different kinds of noise caused by power line loads was performed.

The paper optimizes the original spacing policy when adopting VTH (Variable Time Headway), proposes to introduce the road curve curvature K to the spacing policy to cope with following the wrong vehicle or failing to follow the vehicle owing to the radar limitation of curve in ACC system. By utilizing MATLAB/Simulink, automobile longitudinal dynamics model is established. At last, the paper sets up such three common cases as the vehicle ahead runs at a uniform velocity, an accelerated velocity and hits the brake suddenly, simulates these cases on the curve with different curvature, analyzes the curve spacing policy in the perspective of safety and vehicle following efficiency and draws the conclusion whether the optimization scheme is effective or not.

The paper considers the relationship between the parameters of the vibration arising in rotating machinery during operation and the shaft speed. The goal of this paper is to determine the dependence of the vibration parameters on the shaft speed for solving applied engineering problems. To properly evaluate the technical condition of bearing assemblies, we should take into account the pattern of the rotating machinery vibration parameters-shaft speed relationship, which will allow creating new diagnostic features, the totality of which will ensure an increased reliability of diagnosis. We took the check for a correlation between the factor and resultative feature parameters as the correlation analysis method. A high pair linear correlation between the diagnostic features (acceleration, velocity, displacement) and the shaft speed was determined on the basis of the check for correlation between the vibration parameters and the shaft speed, and also the linear correlation coefficients can be used to solve th...

This paper presents the design of 5 V to 20 V DC switching regulator for power supply module. A voltage multiplier which consists of cascaded diode-capacitor combination is used in order to obtain a high voltage power supply. Due to power loss that has occurred in a stray of component arrangement, the proposed design employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller circuit with an inclusion of a capacitor, diode, and inductor components. The input supply of 5 V DC to LT1618 controller circuit has produced 20.35 V based from simulation results. Meanwhile, the measurement results of 19.36 V are obtained and the feedback signal is required for the purpose of stabilizing the output. The proposed design can reduce the components as well as the PCB size, thus minimizing the overall cost of making a switching regulator for power supply module.This paper presents the design of 5 V to 20 V DC switching regulator for power supply module. A voltage multiplier which consists of cascaded diode-capacitor combination is used in order to obtain a high voltage power supply. Due to power loss that has occurred in a stray of component arrangement, the proposed design employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller circuit with an inclusion of a capacitor, diode, and inductor components. The input supply of 5 V DC to LT1618 controller circuit has produced 20.35 V based from simulation results. Meanwhile, the measurement results of 19.36 V are obtained and the feedback signal is required for the purpose of stabilizing the output. The proposed design can reduce the components as well as the PCB size, thus minimizing the overall cost of making a switching regulator for power supply module.

As CMOS technology scales nano-metrically, reliability turns out to be a decisive subject in the design methodology of nano-sized circuit systems. As a result, several computational approaches have been developed to compute and evaluate reliability of desired nano-electronic circuits. The process of computing reliability becomes very troublesome and time consuming as the computational complexity build ups with the desired circuit size. Therefore, being able to measure reliability instantly and superiorly is fast becoming necessary in designing modern logic integrated circuits. For this purpose, the paper firstly looks into the development of an automated reliability evaluation tool based on the generalization of Probabilistic Gate Model (PGM) and Boolean Difference-based Error Calculator (BDEC) models. The Matlab-based tool allows users to significantly speed-up the task of reliability analysis for very large number of nano-electronic circuits. Secondly, by using the developed automated tool, the paper explores into a comparative study involving reliability computation and evaluation by PGM and, BDEC models for different implementations of same functionality circuits. Based on the reliability analysis, BDEC gives exact and transparent reliability measures, but as the complexity of the same functionality circuits with respect to gate error increases, reliability measure by BDEC tends to be lower than the reliability measure by PGM. The lesser reliability measure by BDEC is well explained in this paper using distribution of different signal input patterns overtime for same functionality circuits. Simulation results conclude that the reliability measure by BDEC depends not only on faulty gates but it also depends on circuit topology, probability of input signals being one or zero and also probability of error on signal lines.

It has been reported that Internet Protocol (IP) packet traffic exhibits self‐similarity or long range dependence (LRD) and causes the degradation of switch performance. Therefore, it is crucial for an appropriate buffer design of a switch. In this paper, we investigate delay behavior of the switch under self‐similar variable length packet traffic by modeling it as MMPP/M/1/K queueing system wherein MMPP (Markov‐Modulated Poisson Process) is fitted by equating the variance of MMPP and that of self‐similar traffic. MMPP model is already validated one to emulate the self‐similar characteristics. Voids that will occur because of variability in packet length is considered. We investigate mean delay against system parameters, traffic parameters and fitting parameters. Numerical results show that analysis presented in this paper is useful in dimensioning the switch.

Cognitive radio (CR) is the latest type of wireless technology and provides more flexibility in terms of spectrum utilization. in CR, secondary user uses primary user’s spectrum during primary user’s absence without interrupting the primary user’s transmission. However, the secondary user’s transmission is interrupted as primary user reconnects to their spectrum. The secondary user needs to identify a new available spectrum for retransmission. This paper presents the development of cognitive radio network using Android based smart phone for the data transmission. Both Bluetooth and WiFi spectrum detection are focused here. The used sensing method is energy based sensing method. The CR is developed using Java based Android Eclipse. The developed CR network is verified using Android based smart phone. Result shows that the proposed CR network is able to sense the spectrum with accuracy of approximately of 81%. The developed CR network is able to help secondary users to sense and use spectrum (licensed) for data transmission.

Welding process is known as one of the well-known of hazard-expose operations in manufacturing. In every welding method or process, safety is the most important element that need to take care. Safety and health in employment is an area which aims to protect the safety and health of people who are working. This case study is about the welder that killed while his colleagues injured his left hand due to diesel tank explosion during welding. In this accident, the victims were welding on the diesel tank before the tank suddenly explode. Thus, this paper highlight report on hazard identification, and risk control applied in the accident. The aim of this case study is to investigate the work-related accident at welding workshop and the hazards working there. This case study had been conducted by using 3 method which is fishbone diagram, HIRARC table and Pareto chart way of a walk-through observation and the identified risk images were taken. From the experiment result, there are 5 hazards that can be related which is the hazard identification are exposure to fumes and gases, heat, fire and burns, Electric Shock, Bright Light and Noise. In conclusion, the highlight of the hazards and risk tend to make a corrective action on minimizing or eliminating the risk of injuries and to ensure a safe workplace

Safety is a main concern in nuclear power plant projects. The instrumentation and control system of nuclear power plant which propose to be built in Indonesia are expected to make extensive use of digital system. Common cause failures are among safety issues in digital technology which may compromise plant safety if occurred. The review includes investigation of available documentation of protection against common cause failures and diversity implementation. This paper describes the characteristics and nature of digital common cause failures. The instrumentation and control system require to be designed with defense against CCFs within and between systems. The result of review is a framework for defense against common causes failures that include: echelons of defense, diversity strategies and assessments of the adequacy of defense.

Heart failure is a condition that affects a great part of the world population. A heart transplant is one of the alternatives to survive heart failure. Since the organ donors are very limited and the wait list for the organ is very long it is difficult to find the organ. A viable alternative until the organ becomes available is the total artificial heart (TAH) and ventricle assisting devices. The total artificial heart is used to bridge the time to heart transplants. There are different types of artificial hearts. In this paper, we compared the various TAH devices by creating a database, and by using a simulation we determined which device is the best out in the market. We used Fuzzy Promethee as the methodology. It is observed that with pneumatic (SynCardia) TAHs as a bridge to transplant, promising results have been achieved, but still, they are not free of problems. Nevertheless, implantable total artificial hearts have a long way to go if they are to replace the natural heart permanently, made for destination therapy. So far, the only device that is commercially approved is SynCardia TAH, it's the only one in the market for patient use.

This paper discusses stereoscopic images gain using library in OpenCV on Python platform. The simple stereo camera system that can provide stereoscopic images in both as a picture (PNG) or as a video (AVI) is developed. The system comprises a stereo camera, a USB connector, a tripod, and a notebook with programming language of Python 3.7, along with the free library of OpenCV 4.0 installed inside the notebook. The system has successfully provided both images and videos. However, the spatial resolution and the frame rate depend to the specifications of the stereo camera being used. The camera resolution of 1280 × 360 with a frame rate of 5 fps is obtained based on the stereo camera specifications in this study. The disparity of the stereo camera as a function of distance of the camera to the object of interest is measured. From the experimental results, the p constant is 1059.4, q constant is -0.527 over a distance of 10–100 cm. It shows that farther the object from the camera, the disparity decreases. This system will be used for performing physical measurement in the future.