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The coating process on food packaging paper is carried out to improve the food safety aspect from dangerous substance migration from food packaging into food. It can facilitate to increase its function and wide the potency of utilization. The coating materials commonly used are plastic and wax coatings. Chitosan as a natural polymer that has the binding properties both water and oil. Chitosan has polar and non-polar groups thus it is potential to be developed as a coating material for food packaging paper. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of food packaging paper from oil palm empty fruit bunches pulp coated with chitosan. The parameters used were chitosan and pulp weight. The oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp was fibrillated with high speed blender then mixed with chitosan solution. The mixed solution was poured in the mold and dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 hours. The results showed that increasing of chitosan content was coated paper increased physical and mechanical properties values. The more pulp content the higher the physical properties value, however the mechanical properties value tend to decrease. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan coated paper was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. The results revealed that all tested samples showed growth inhibition zone againts to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after 24 h incubation compared to commercial food packaging paper.

Indonesia has targeted to reach 23% of renewable energy share by 2025. In order to meet the target, many researchers have focused on the explorations of renewable energy resources. One of the potential solutions to meet the target is the agricultural wastes, include corn cobs and areca nut fiber. In this study, the calorific value of corn cobs and areca nut fiber are tested. The corn cobs and areca nut fiber are collected from the farmers in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia. In addition, the Paper waste is also tested. A bomb calorimeter of IKA C6000 is used to measure the energy content of the biomass. The results show that the calorific value of Corn cobs and Areca nut fiber is 5573 Cal/g and 4946 Cal/g, respectively.By using the average yearly production of Corn and Areca nut, these calorific values similar to 4,539 TOE and 4,653 TOE, respectively. If the potency can be used to replace the coal as an alternative fuel, this potency will reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The potency of mitigation GHG by replacing Corncob and Areca nut fiber are 18,306 and 18,491 ton of CO2e.

The blended learning (BL) services presented for the academic accreditation process of universities and other educational institutions is a policy that has been used rapidly in the educational area. This process represents a real challenge and a need for institutions to function by the challenges in the ways of development for the attainment of faculty and student satisfaction. The need for learning management systems (LMS) becomes a real advance to control the management of technological development. The purpose of this study is to overcome these challenges and speed up the whole e-learning process in a different manner. The study revealed the existence of an important gap between the important features of blended learning applications and the control management of LMS. The finding shows a systematic analysis of existing technologies and their effects on accreditation checkpoints approval for the underlying conception of the assessment processes involve perspectives that relate to what is now considered valuable or desirable concerning the institution of higher education.

EMG is a medical technique that measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle [10]. In this paper we have classified multiple hand gestures using small number of electrodes. This report aims to review current use of EMG based control system and explain the existing challenges. The stages involved includes data acquisition, feature extraction, classification and controller. Some of the application includes Arm rehabilitation, game controller, wheel chair controllers, etc.

The study focused on the treatment of real oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad field affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq) using an oil skimming process followed by a coagulation/flocculation process for zero liquid discharge system applications. Belt type oil skimmer was utilized for evaluating the process efficiency with various operating conditions such as temperature (17-40 °C) and time (0.5-2.5 hr.). Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant and polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant was used to investigate the performance of the coagulation/flocculation process with PAC dosage (5-90 ppm) and pH (5-10) as operating conditions. In the skimming process, the oil content, COD, turbidity, and TSS decreased with an increase in temperature and time. The best temperature and time for oil skimming are 40 °C and 2.5 hr. which gives 95.8%, 94.9%, 31.5%, and 33.2% removal for oil content, COD, turbidity, and TSS respectively. In the coagulation/flocculation process, the optimum PAC dosage and pH are 55 mg/l and 6.4 which gives 100%, 96.5%, and 97.7% removal for oil content, turbidity, and TSS respectively.

The production of activated carbon using heat from microwave processing for activation time was successfully conducted and its performance in treating textile dye effluent was observed through various factors such as phosphoric acid loading used, contact time, dosage of activated carbon and pH. Activated carbon with phosphoric acid loading of 60% shown highest BET surface area that was 213.52 m2/g however, it obtained least thermal stability. The result indicated that about 97.11% of dye from textile effluent can be removed in only 90 minutes of contact time at pH 3 with the use of 2.0 g of produced activated carbon. The production of activated carbon using microwave processing can be an alternative way for activation process using conventional furnace heating. The used of rubber wood sawdust as the raw material for activated carbon production can solve the waste issue from sawmill as an example.

The adverse environmental degradation created by various plastics produced from petroleum products is a major concern for the world nations. The developed and developing nations have adopted various strategies on the production and usage of highly hazardous conventional plastics. Various research works have been undertaken to formulate a sustainable alternative for the conventional plastics. In this regard, an effort was made to synthesis a biodegradable polymer for large scale commercial usage in packaging applications. Biodegradable polymers can be produced from various resources. The study involves the production of bio-plastic from Banana peel and Prosopis juliflora. Cellulose, a major component required for biopolymer synthesis was extracted from Prosopis juliflora which then combined and processed with dried banana peel. Additives and preservatives that contributes to the polymer characteristics were added in suitable proportions and processed under defined conditions. The mixture was then dried at a temperature of 130 ℃ to yield the final product. The biopolymers thus produced were tested for its water absorption capacity, thermal resistance, tensile strength, biodegradability and microbial attacks. It was observed that water absorption capacity of the biopolymer was lower for lesser starch and higher cellulose concentrations. The tensile strength was found to be 0.67 N/mm2 which was due to the addition of zinc oxide. No microbial attack was observed during storage and it was also found that the biopolymer was able to withstand high temperature up to 130 °C during its usage.

Disposal of untreated waste in the environment leads to the creation of harmful diseases, greenhouse gases and climate change. So the demand arises to eliminate or avoid these kinds of risks to both the society as well as environment. Because of this there are enormous solutions and ideas that are playing a crucial role in this risk avoiding activity. In this study, adsorbent has been synthesized by hydrothermally treating the horse manure. The effect of this synthesized adsorbent produced from horse manure was studied for the removal of toxins like methylene blue, ethyl orange, azo dyes and crystal violet dyes which is presented in the textile effluent. These dyes can create severe illness to both the people as well as aquatic species while it is mixed with natural water bodies.

The increasing of scarce of petroleum availability, unstable prices, and potential environmental damage due to the use of fossil fuel encourage the development of alternative fuels that can replace fossil fuels, including jet fuel. Bio-jet fuel is a renewable fuel that has similar characteristics to jet fuel. The potential raw material for bio-jet fuel production in Indonesia is coconut oil. The composition of fatty acids in coconut oil corresponds to the range of carbon atomic chain of jet fuel. Indonesia is also the country with the second-largest share of coconut oil exports in the world which shows that the use of coconut oil in Indonesia is very less. In this study, bio-jet fuel was synthesized from coconut oil through hydrodeoxygenation reaction to convert fatty acids to hydrocarbons by removing oxygen. The catalyst used in this reaction was NiMoP/Al2O3 catalyst. The hydrodeoxygenation reactions were carried out with variations of pressure and temperature, at pressures of 10, 15, and 20 bar, and temperatures of 375, 385, and 400°C. The reactions were stopped if they had reached equilibrium based on GC-TCD analysis of the gas product. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction at 400°C and 20 bar was able to produce high conversion (92.56%), much hydrocarbon content (91.91%), high selectivity and also yield of bio-jet fuel (82.93% and 54.34%). Liquid products were distilled to obtain jet fuel fraction products. From the results of the density, viscosity, acid number, heating value, and freezing point analysis of the bio-jet fuel distillate, good values were obtained.

One of the main factors that cause the earth that we live in is not as clean as it was before is the utilization of fossil fuel. Motorized vehicles still utilize fossil fuel as energy sources, and the number of motorized vehicles is growing every year. Biomass energy are one of the alternative energies currently being developed. Bioethanol are one of the technologies for fuel in motorized vehicles to utilize biomass as an alternative energy. The addition of bioethanol to gasoline will certainly change the fuel properties, the fuel will be more difficult to self-ignite so the pressure generated in the combustion chamber will be more consistent. Coefficient of variation (COV) represent the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of a set of data, in this study in cylinder pressure data (IMEP) is used. Based on previous research that discussed the analysis of emission gas and fuel consumption on SI engine fueled with low-grade bioethanol and oxygenated additive, the authors examined further to analyze the characteristic of ethanol blend and oxygenated additive to COVIMEP and Heat Release Rate (HRR) of various fuel mixture as well as COVIMEP correlation with HRR at variable engine speed were investigated. The result show that compared with pure gasoline, ethanol blend decreases HRR. When oxygenated additive added to gasoline – ethanol blend, it increases its maximum heat release rate especially on fuel mixture E5 about 6.2% compared to E0. And the Correlation of COV and HRR; as COV value increases, HRR decreases. Whereas, when COV value decreases, HRR increases.

In order to improve the quality and the separation effect of CO2 in X gas field, the influence of swing on removing of water content on purification of CO2 from offshore natural gas by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and triethylene glycol (TEG) absorption was investigated by simulation. This method is to reduce the water content in the CO2 gas for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. In the EOR injection process at Y oil field, the purity of CO2 is more than 95%. The purity of CO2 plays an important role in determining the amount of oil that can be recovered. In system using PSA, the mass of activated carbon is needed of 11,555.3 lb/day, whereas by TEG absorption is required 91.27 gpm TEG adsorbent. Economic analysis was also carried out based on the oil yield that can be recovered from well (20.53 MMstb) using CO2 from X gas field for EOR injection in Y oil field. In PSA integrated system showed net present value (NPV) of 349,376,372.23 $ US, internal return rate (IRR) of 19.87%, with an investment cost of 214,918,114 $ US. The system integrated with TEG dehydration has an NPV of 390,869,013.8 $ US, IRR of 20.37%, and an investment cost of 240,111,000 $ US. These results showed that CO2 purification from X gas field is the most optimal and efficient when the system used the TEG absorption with NPV of 423,392,895.6 $ US, IRR of 20.71%, and payback period of 4.06 years. Based on the results of comparisons between the PSA and TEG features of upgrading technologies of CO2 in X gas field, the specific requirements for CO2-EOR in Y oil field, recommendations are made regarding appropriate technology for CO2−EOR

Coal consumption in the Indonesian metallurgical industry in 2015 has reached up to 3.5 million tons. One ton of pig iron required 0.5-0.6 tons of coke, 1.4 tons of iron ore, and 0.25 tons of limestone. Coke added by the charcoal is called bio- coke. Charcoal, as the raw material of coke from the carbonization process of Indonesian redwood residues, can reduce the consumption of coking coal. Biomass has been applied as an alternative renewable fuel to the industrial sector to reduce CO2 emissions. The use of biomass reduces the dependence on traditional fossil fuels whose resources are reduced every day. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best charcoal sizes from redwood and improve the quality of bio-coke through the dry cooling process. The final method of bio-coke can be done coke dry quenching to prevent the occurrence of cracks in the coke, increase coke strength, and less chemical activity during cooling. Redwood charcoal with particle size (10, 25, 50, and 80) mesh is blending with coking coal. The mixing, composition of coal with redwood charcoal is 90:10. Blended briquettes with the addition of molasses and wood tar are processed by re-carbonization at 1100 °C for 4 hours. Bio-coke charcoal 50 mesh has bulk density of 1071.44 kg/m3. The strength of bio-coke increases as bulk density increases. The maximum size of the redwood charcoal particles of the study on 50 mesh generated a compressive strength of 4.87 MPa.

The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters of coal and water hyacinth blend have been investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis. Those of pure coal and pure water hyacinth were also each studied as a comparison. The coal sample was taken from a Sub-district of Gunung Panjang, Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The as-received sample was ground to be a mesh size of 60. The sample of water hyacinth originated from Dams of Selorejo and Sengguruh, district of Malang, Indonesia. The raw material was cleaned with water and subsequently cut and dried at the temperature of around 85 °C for 6 hours. The dried biomass was then crushed and sieved at a size of 60 mesh as well. The blended fuel was composed of coal and water hyacinth in a mass ratio of 40:60 (wt%). The thermogravimetric experiment was performed for the coal, the water hyacinth, and their blend under the instrumentality of thermal analyzer at a single heating rate of 40 °C/min. The sample was heated up from 27 to 1000 °C with a nitrogen flow rate of 100 ml/min. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves were obtained. The kinetic evaluation was performed under the fitting method of Coats-Redfern. The results indicated that three stages of decomposition process were encountered during thermal degradation of the individual samples of coal and water hyacinth, as well as their blend. The addition of 60% water hyacinth to the coal provoked the thermal degradation toward the lesser temperature and forced the increase of maximum mass loss rate. The activation energy went to decrease together with the increasing of water hyacinth fraction, i.e., 84.02, 66.72, and 44.45 kJ/mol for respectively the coal, blended fuel, and water hyacinth. These results could be valuable in designing and developing of the reactor of the thermal conversion system on an industrial scale.

Indonesia has abundant natural resources spread throughout the islands. The utilization of these natural potentials has not been fully played and developed to meet daily needs such as for cooking. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of leaf litter as a domestic source of energy for cooking. In particular, a set of laboratory scaled experiment was conducted by using leaf litter of the species Artocarpus champaden, L., Nephelium lappaceum, L., and Mangifera indica, L. In Indonesia these species are known as Cempedak, Rambutan, and Mangga trees which produce fallen leaf throughout the years. A way of reducing the leaf litter problems by local people is by collecting it from the garden and roof, then burn it to reduce the volume. The experimental work was carried out through some steps. The leaf litter was transformed to biomass briquettes fuel in order to increase energy content for combustion by adding Canola Oil and Starch as a binder. The briquettes were produced manually with minimum mechanical works. Thermal analysis, including calorific value, proximate and ultimate analysis, was performed by standard method and equipment. The experiment was carried out by using a biomass stove with a fuel chamber volume of approximately 660 cm3. A fan was attached to the stove to supply an updraft forced vortex flow of air. Water Boiling Test method was performed to measure the burning characteristic and stove efficiency. It was found that the briquettes (100 grams) from all leaf type tested can boil the water of 1000 ml within 7 minutes. In general, the burning performance of the briquettes were related to proximate and ultimate analysis of the samples. Nevertheless, by comparing the performance using Water Boiling Test suggested that the discrepancies of the performance using different types of leaf litter were not significant. This work showed that leaf litter has the potential as a reliable energy source for cooking in household at rural areas.

Increasing the demand of fossil fuel energy in up-coming days life is become an important problem everywhere, so alternative fuel resources (bio-oil) for reducing the energy demand is produced and compared with conventional fossil fuel. By pyrolysis method, the biomass (solid waste) was converted into pyrolysis oil, which is used as an alternative fuel in the diesel engine without any engine modification. Sweet lime peel and corn pyrolysis oil are blend at 10% with diesel. The results of the tests showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the blends of corn oil and sweet lime peel oil with diesel was greater than diesel and the amount of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and Nitrogen oxide emissions from corn pyrolysis and sweet lime peel oil was lesser than diesel operation. It was observed that the pyrolysis oil shows better performance and emission characteristics than diesel.

Coal is the cheapest and reliable source for power generation, which has the potential to reduce the dependency on natural gas, particularly for Bangladesh, where the natural gas reserve is very limited. Despite numerous studies on gasification from different parts of the world, there has not been a research study on gasification characteristics of Bangladeshi Barapukurian coal (BBC) under state of the art entrained flow condition. Thus, this study aims to investigate the gasification characteristics of Barapukurian bituminous coal using a high-temperature electrically heated entrained flow gasifier under atmospheric pressure.The effect of the partial pressure of the gasification reagent (CO2) on carbon conversion and gas yield was tested by varying the volume percentage of CO2 in N2 between the temperatures of 1000-1400°C. Furthermore, the influence of particle size on carbon conversion and product gases was also examined using industrially relevant particle sizes: 90-106 µm and 250-300 µm. The results show that increasing the temperature and feed CO2 concentrations increase the carbon conversion, though the temperature is found to be the dominant factor. A maximum carbon conversion of 92 % was achieved using ultimate operating conditions of 1400°C and 40% CO2 for particles size: 90-106 µm, while the conversion was only 65% for particle size: 250-300 µm under identical operating conditions. Overall, the yield of CO was increased while the yield of H2 was decreased with increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations. The maximum yield of CO and H2 was determined to be 0.93 and 0.14 L/g coal respectively using particle size: 90-106 µm, which is 0.88 and 0.12 L/g coal using particle size: 250-300 µm at a temperature of 1200°C under 10% CO2. The main pollutants measured were HCN, NH3 and H2S in the ppm range. The results of this study will provide a baseline data for the industrial scale entrained flow gasification of BBC under CO2 atmosphere.Coal is the cheapest and reliable source for power generation, which has the potential to reduce the dependency on natural gas, particularly for Bangladesh, where the natural gas reserve is very limited. Despite numerous studies on gasification from different parts of the world, there has not been a research study on gasification characteristics of Bangladeshi Barapukurian coal (BBC) under state of the art entrained flow condition. Thus, this study aims to investigate the gasification characteristics of Barapukurian bituminous coal using a high-temperature electrically heated entrained flow gasifier under atmospheric pressure.The effect of the partial pressure of the gasification reagent (CO2) on carbon conversion and gas yield was tested by varying the volume percentage of CO2 in N2 between the temperatures of 1000-1400°C. Furthermore, the influence of particle size on carbon conversion and product gases was also examined using industrially relevant particle sizes: 90-106 µm and 250-300 µm. The results s...

Drying is one way of post-harvest handling to extend the shelf life, especially for agricultural crops. In general, post-harvest drying is only done naturally by using heat from solar energy or commonly called conventional drying. In this study, the grain was dried using a fluidized bed dryer. However, the fluidized bed dryer was modified by adding a pipe heat exchanger. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of grain mass and air intake temperatures on drying time. The Indonesian government has carried out SNI provisions for milling the maximum water content in the material which is 14%. In this study, the grain used was the newly harvested grain where the water content was about 20% with a tolerance of ± 1%. The mass variations in this study were 0.4 kg, 0.6 kg and 0.8 kg and the temperature variations applied were 55°C, 60°C, and 65° C. The results showed the highest heat loss occurs at the highest mass because the air velocity is not able to circulate properly.Drying is one way of post-harvest handling to extend the shelf life, especially for agricultural crops. In general, post-harvest drying is only done naturally by using heat from solar energy or commonly called conventional drying. In this study, the grain was dried using a fluidized bed dryer. However, the fluidized bed dryer was modified by adding a pipe heat exchanger. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of grain mass and air intake temperatures on drying time. The Indonesian government has carried out SNI provisions for milling the maximum water content in the material which is 14%. In this study, the grain used was the newly harvested grain where the water content was about 20% with a tolerance of ± 1%. The mass variations in this study were 0.4 kg, 0.6 kg and 0.8 kg and the temperature variations applied were 55°C, 60°C, and 65° C. The results showed the highest heat loss occurs at the highest mass because the air velocity is not able to circulate properly.

In addition to producing palm oil (CPO) and Palm kernel Oil (PKO), palm oil agroindustry also produces quite a lot of biomass solid waste residues. One of them is empty fruit bunches (EFB) which have not been optimally utilized and accumulated in the area around the factory location. Currently, the conventional EFB utilization has only been limited to mulch material and fertilizers used in oil palm plantations. This biomass material has enormous potential in producing renewable energy, chemical products, etc. Cumulatively, the product has high added value. Considering that the volume of EFB has the largest proportion in oil palm plantation waste, which is reaching (20-23%) of fresh fruit (FFB), it is necessary to study the availability of EFB in supplying raw materials for bioenergy products. In this study, data collection and retrieval are taken from palm oil companies in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. The problems that have so far been unknown are the potential availability of raw materials in maintaining the fulfilment of the need to produce bioenergy sustainably. Therefore, this study is intended to predict the needs and amount of raw material supply. The System Dynamic Methodology is used as a tool in predicting the availability and long term needs of raw materials and creating scenarios in the face of limitations in the availability of sustainable raw materials. The model is built on three main sub-models, namely the plantation area, the biomass availability, and the conventional utilization sub-model. The study show that an increase in harvested area will certainly be followed by additional FFB harvests and the resulting waste stock including the solid waste of palm oil empty bunches. The rate of empty bunches will decrease along with the crop productivity which also decreases according to the plant age. The scenario proposed to adjust the condition of raw materials is replanting. Planting of new plants will be carried out from the 19th year of the simulation, at the age of 23 years, which is expected to be harvested in the 22 simulation years. The second scenario is the utilization of another biomass as a source of the biomass. Besides EFB, there are other biomass which have the potential to be used as bioenergy, namely frond. By combining some of the biomass, greater availability of biomass will be obtained. The scenario of combining with other biomass is the most suitable (frond biomass) because of its similar characteristics to EFB and the stability of its availability.

A safe and healthy workplace not only protects workers from injury and illness, it can also lower injury/illness costs, reduce absenteeism and turnover, increase productivity and quality and raise employee morale. In other words, safety is good for business. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the workplace safety of the garment industries of Bangladesh which is the topmost earning and employment sector of Bangladesh. This paper aims to identify the grey areas of the safety arrangements of the garments industries in Bangladesh and will propose the remedies to be undertaken to overcome such lacking. Despite several researchers in the past have identified several constrains, mentioned differently models and put forwarded their valuable suggestions to ensure the safety and security of the workplaces and the employees, but it is still a mystery why appropriate and adequate steps have not to be taken to guard against insecure workplaces in the garment industries. This paper provides background information about the unsafe workplace in the garment industries of Bangladesh and future insight for future researches.

The paper presents the results of the assessment of the applicability of structured laser illumination in combination with Rayleigh scattering or spontaneous Raman scattering methods for evaluating the local density and temperature distribution in a premixed methane flame. The examples presented in this paper show that the use of structured laser illumination makes it possible to obtain a signal free of background and reflected light by registering the scattering signal only at one S-polarization of the laser. The best quality of image reconstruction was obtained using a grating with a line spacing of 0.5 mm. Gratings with a larger step gave a strong blurring and loss in spatial resolution, a grating with a smaller line spacing during reconstruction led to the formation of secondary structures with lines.

This paper proposed the modelling and simulation of generator protection for power system using digital reverse power relay. The operations of the power plant are often interrupted by the reverse power generation. Therefore, generators need to be closely monitored and controlled. In this study, 11 kV synchronous generators are connected to 220 kV load through a step-up transformer, and a new model of reverse power relay is added for generator protection. The reverse power relay proposed in this paper is a digital relay with high accuracy and high reacting speed. Several cases based on various types of mechanical inputs to the generator were studied to test the operation of the reverse power relay. This simulation was done using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the 11 kV generator protection is successful with this new model reverse power relay. Besides, the simulation results were similar result compared to the theory result. From the simulation results, the integral output of the relay will reach the threshold value ‘L’ whenever there is a reversed power flow fault found in the system. Consequently, the relay will be triggered to provide protection for the generator. This model has been added into online resources of MATLAB Power System Tools. In addition, this model may also help the engineers to develop the analytical skills under various conditions.

A study on regulatory concepts of proven in NPP technology for the case of Indonesia has been carried out. Indonesia as an embarking country has issued several regulations related to the proven of NPP technology. According to the IAEA international standard, good regulations and guidelines among others should be adequate and comprehensive. It also states that the purpose of regulations and guidelines is to ensure the stability and consistency of regulatory oversight and to confirm impartiality in regulatory decision making. They must be adequate in establishing principles, requirements and criteria to be used for assessing compliance, and are consistent and comprehensive. Thus, this paper will discuss whether the concept of proven in NPP technology of Indonesian regulations are adequate and comprehensive. This is a very important question to be asked, because the current regulations on this topic have never been executed in a real NPP project and that the function of regulation is to ensure that the design and technology for the upcoming NPP could provide safety assurance in an acceptable level, and for sure could prevent an event similar to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident from happen. The study was descriptive, analytic and qualitative in nature, and conducted by reviewing the applicability of internationally acceptable references such as international agreements that Indonesia is the contracting party and some relevant international safety requirement standards, as well as regulations and guidelines from countries that has built NPP technology, and then comparing them with the existing regulations in Indonesia. This paper concludes that basically regulations in Indonesia related to the proven of NPP technology are in line with the international agreements and standards. Furthermore, there is still a wide room for improvement in these regulations. Among others, by introducing the concept of proven design and construction, proven codes and standards, and proven procedures, and especially regarding the acceptance criteria for all types of these proven attributes. The results of this study, and relevant regulations and guidelines from countries that have built NPP technology, may be used as a reference for developing a road map to enhance national regulations and the implementing guidelines.

In Malaysia, the manufacturing SME's competitiveness plays a vital role in boosting the economy. The SMEs manufacturers need to react according to the changes driven by the Industry 4.0 concepts, which now become imperative for the manufacturers to improve their global competitiveness. To compete globally and aligning with the Industry 4.0 implementation, each SMEs can adopt by participating through the Industry4WRD readiness assessment (RA) program organized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). Hence, the main objective for this paper is to conduct a case study to assess the current readiness levels of the SMEs, and to examine the relationship of various shift factors, thrust, and dimensions representing the key variables towards defining the Industry 4.0 readiness profile for the selected manufacturing SMEs. This paper presented and discussed RA case study methodology and processes of applying the Industry4WRD RA model to help the SMEs to identify the current baseline, gaps, and area for improvement plan towards Industry 4.0 full-scale implementation. The study has identified two manufacturing companies identified as SMEs A and SMEs B, which fall according to the SMEs definition by SME Corporation of Malaysia but in two different business portfolio in order to be able to gauge and compare the results quantitatively. The results will also focus on the qualitative finding of the Industry 4.0 strategy dimension between the two samples SMEs as a comparison and reference for future improvement and study.

Financial retirement planning is essential and critical for every worker especially for the self-employed workers to face their retirement. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors relating to self-employed individuals’ financial retirement planning for their future retirement, and shed light on future research directions for future researchers. This paper revisits existing literatures on retirement policies in Malaysia and some countries in the world, and also on financial retirement planning. Financial retirement planning literatures suffers a gapping problem in term of the scarcity of literatures on self-employed workers’ planning for their retirement. Many researches in the past put more focus on retirement planning behavior of salaried workers. By conducting a conceptual study on this gap, hopefully it will offer policy makers and practitioners new insights to search for new constraints, objectives, and sources of information regarding retirement issues involving self-employed individuals in this country. This paper provides backgrounds and insights on self-employed workers’ retirement preparation for future researchers to study. As a conceptual study, this work derived from secondary sources. Hopefully, this study provides researchers and practitioners some understanding of each factor proposed towards understanding financial retirement planning among the self-employed workers.

This paper reports on case studies of safety incidents in chemical factories in Malaysia. The processes used for identifying and evaluating both existing and potential hazards in a palm-oil work site and the way of controlling it is hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control or known as HIRARC. Many that have already done risk assessments have recorded successful changes to their working procedures, and conditions of work in establishing and taking the appropriate effective actions. An ergonomic, physical and chemical hazards is a main factor in occurred in this study that could cause damage to humans, systems and environments. The assessment was done in estate area, involving the process of oil palm harvesting and collecting operation, oil palm manuring, and oil palm field upkeep and maintenance. The overall methodologies in this study consist of fishbone concept, HIRARC and PARETO analysis towards the working procedures at loading ramp station in palm factory. At the end of this paper, a list of recommendations is made to ensure the risk assessed can be minimzed in future.

Japanese government permitted to install PV, named Agrivoltaic, on a running farm by 2013. The purposes of this commission are securing land for renewable energy installation and increasing new, young farmer. This paper clarifies both optimized Agrivoltaic structure and Agrivoltaic introduction potential. The structure optimization is considered as 3 dimensional using 3D-CAD and agricultural crop growth program is simulated to evaluate the effect of sunlight shading on PV. Agrivoltaic introduction potential assessment involved installation environment geographical data (like radiation strength, ground strength, distance to neighbors, and amount of snowing) This paper utilized geographical information system for topological assessment. These processes evaluate current and future Agrivoltaic installation potential following multi criteria.

Rare earth metals are elements (REE) of lanthanides metal which are mostly made use in industrial and medical fields. Smelting process of tin or zircon will produce TENORM (Technologically enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) materials, such as monazite, zircon, and ilmenite. The TENORM minerals will contain rare earth metals. There are many smelting industries of tin or zircon in Indonesia. Therefore, they show a high potency of rare earth metals in this country. BAPETEN Chairman’s Regulation (BCR) No. 16 Year 2013 (BCR No. 16/2013) [1], concerning Radiation Safety of Storage of TENORM, allows TENORM producers to take out the metal or non-metal minerals in the TENORM materials after they get a technical recommendation from BAPETEN. This paper aims to provide a consideration concerning the criterion to gain a technical recommendation. This paper organized and reviewed BCR No. 16/2013 and compared it to the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safety standard. Rare earth minerals are always present together with other elements, including radionuclides from U or Th series. REE minerals from Bangka Island contain monazite and xenotime, radioactive elements like Th which detected at 6–7 % in monazite and less than 2 % in xenotime, respectively. While safety report series of IAEA states that content of rare earth ore consists of 5–6 % REEs and 0.04 % Th oxide (or 4.7 % REEs and 0.035 % Th). The TENORM material utilization as regulated on BCR 16/2013 is the same with conditional clearance terminology for radioactive materials. Trivial dose approach that is a conditional clearance can be considered as a technical recommendation criterion. This is because it does not need radiation protection pre-requisites after getting the technical recommendation. The upper level of trivial individual effective dose is equivalent to 100 µSv per year. The dose assessment should consider the exposure pathways to the non-radiation workers (public), specifically those who get involved in external and internal exposure.

The aim of the paper is to present key factors they are determinants of share prices in the stock markets globally. To achieve the aim of this study many of previous studies have been reviewed. This paper revisits previous studies by various researches on factors affecting the share price in both developed and developing economies. These researchers looked at the relationships between stock prices and selected internal and external factors affecting a firm’s share price. “Some of the factors affecting share prices can be generalized to both developed and developing economies. Some studies have concluded that company fundamentals such as institutional factors and the nature of the firm or business are major factors that affect stock prices”. “However, other studies indicated that firm’s boundaries, organization, governance, ownership pattern, auditing, and value relevance of accounting information is the most influencing factors of stock prices”. “In addition, the effect of inter related factors has been covered in some other studies”. As a revisit, this work derived from secondary sources. This revisit provides researchers and practitioners with the latest improvements of approaches by minimizing their effort in collecting the relevant material and a better understanding of each factor the affecting share prices, draw attention to specific areas for further research. Based on this result the study of ownership structures, audit quality and value relevance of accounting information and relations between them very important and they key factors to determinants of share prices.

The progress and development of information technology has opened up one form of nuclear crime, namely computer crime. The Stuxnet incident that occurred in 2010 is one example of cyber incidents related to nuclear security. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as an international regulatory body has paid attention to computer security as outlined in one of the important elements in NSS 20 - Objective and Essentials Elements of a State’s Nuclear Security Regime. The security aspect itself is one of the aspects emphasized in Act Number 10 of 1997 concerning Nuclear Energy. Government Regulation Number 54 of 2012 concerning Nuclear Installation Safety and Security outlines a more detailed discussion of nuclear installation security, which is a more specific discussion on safety in the aspect of physical protection regulated in Regulation of the Head of the Nuclear Power Supervisory Agency Number 1 of 2009 concerning Installation Physical Protection Systems and Nuclear Materials. However, all of these regulations still do not explicitly mention computer security. This paper was prepared to provide recommendations that can be used in the preparation of regulations and guidelines related to computer security in nuclear installations. This paper was prepared using the main reference NSS 17 - Computer Security at Nuclear Facilities which was perfected by the review of Regulatory Guide 5.71 - Cyber Security Programs for Nuclear Facility, CSA N290.7-14 - Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants and Small Reactor Facilities, and REGDOC-2.5.2. - Design of Reactor Facilities: Nuclear Power Plants. From the results of the study, it was concluded that several things that need to be considered as required regarding computer security are the establishment of a computer security team, the preparation of a computer security plan, a graded approach to computer security, and risk assessment.

Article investigates the usage of spatial logic in the process of unmanned vehicle operation. Article examines the mode of unmanned vehicle control. Unmanned transport operation is not autonomous. Structurally it represents the control scheme which includes two operating centers, the main and peripheral ones. Main operating centre fulfills “smooth” operation and the peripheral centre performs the direct operation. Article provides systematization of transport control according to the levels of automation. The usage of spatial logic for each level of automation has been shown. Paper describes the model of information situation as a basic model during unmanned operation. The role of spatial information and geodata in unmanned operation has been specified. Article features the spatial situations in transport movement which require the usage of spatial logic. Three types of spatial situations which are used in unmanned control have been described. Paper discovers the content of spatial logic used in vehicle control. The differentiation between cognitive spatial logic and analytical spatial logic has been demonstrated.

The article investigates the technical efficiency of the state-owned, conventional commercial and Islamic commercial banks in Bangladesh over the period 2009 – 2014. The paper employs parametric stochastic frontier approach (SFA) to estimate technical efficiency of 19 commercial banks comprising 4 state-owned, 10 conventional commercial and 5 Islamic commercial banks. The findings of the paper show that average technical efficiency scores of state-owned banks, conventional private banks and Islamic banks are 0.7410, 0.9157 and 0.9640 respectively. This implies that state-owned, conventional private commercial and Islamic commercial banks in Bangladesh have experienced inefficiency of 25.90 percent, 8.43 percent and 3.60 percent respectively. Results indicate that commercial banks in Bangladesh have wasted, on average, 12.64 percent resources which could be saved to produce the same level of output. The efficiency results suggest that there are enough rooms for advancement in technical efficiency across all types of commercial banks in Bangladesh by refining managerial performance.

Currently, the quality management of production processes is not only an integral part of the enterprise management system, but also largely determines the ability to meet the needs of consumers with minimal production costs. In this regard, the paper considers one of the modern methods of quality management, based on the probabilistic assessment of the qualitative completion of the stages of the process under study. This approach takes into account the sequential dependence of the production stages, as well as the joint impact of measures aimed at effective process management. At the same time, the costs of the activities carried out must be minimized. The subject of this paper is a mathematical problem of operational management of multi-stage production processes with consistently interrelated stages based on a probabilistic approach to quality assessment. An algorithm for solving the problem and its software implementation in the form of an application is presented. The software product is acceptable for practical use and allows you to optimally choose the measures of influence on consistently interrelated stages of the process.

This paper concentrates on the online communication themes that surfaced as result of unofficial communication activities among students at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) and Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) that have never been reported prior to this. Many organizations nowadays have their own unofficial social media for stake holders to voice disagreements and dissatisfactions anonymously. UniMAP has UniMAP Confession via Twitter and UUM has N.E.W S.E.E.D via Facebook. These unofficial online communication media are often taken for granted by organizations yet they do provide useful information if they are taken seriously. The actual research attempted to assist the universities to improve thier way of handling and processing information that occurs every semester or biannually by focusing on factors that contribute to its predicament for students at UniMAP and UUM. In addition, the research seeks to identify the frequently shared content as well as to identify the themes and sub-themes contained in both unofficial communication channels. Using a content analysis methodology, two of the most prominent sources of unofficial online communication were studied in a period of six months. The data were analyzed using NVivo 10 by methodically coding and categorizing the data in thematic data analysis to arrive at themes and sub-themes development. Both themes and sub-themes were obtained based on informants’ individual comments and experiences that uniquely contribute to the body of knowledge on this phenomenon at UniMAP and UUM. The significance of this study lies in its attempt to provide a working framework for enhancing the way both universities manage online communication, overseeing and reducing the crisis if it ever happened and to come out with proper actions. This paper is hoped to benefit all the parties: staff, students, the universities, and other stakeholders to maximize the benefits of online communication practices. At a time when most communication are done online around the world, this research is both timely and necessary.

This paper investigated on how several perceptions of Human Resource (HR) practices such as pay, promotion, benefits and recognition played some significant roles in determining employees' satisfaction among the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). Also, this paper revealed some knowledge on the most influential perceptions of HR practices towards increasing the level of satisfaction among the RMP. The sample consisted of 250 employees from middle (officer) and lower (ranked and file) levels from the General Operation Force (GOF) departments who have been deployed, equipped and trained for specified roles from the Centre Region of Malaysia. The results presented that several HR practices (eg. pay, promotion, benefits and recognition) are positively and negatively related to employees’ satisfaction. Among the tested predictors of satisfaction in this study, recognition appeared as the most significant predictor towards the RMP satisfaction; followed by pay, promotion and benefits. Several implications which are needed to be highlighted to the top management are addressed at the end of this study.

The main objective of ICAAM is to promote and inspire new developments in mathematics and mathematical applications. For reaching our goal, we provide a forum for researchers and scientists who are working in the fields of Analysis and Applied Mathematics to share and exchange their ideas and recent research works. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges both for people and the math society. We are deeply saddened to hear the loss of previous ICAAM series participants. For being strong during the pandemic, as ICAAM community, we encourage one another to continue our research. This volume is one of the fruitful results of this encouragement. This volume is a collection of 70 selected extended abstracts. These papers are presented at the Fifth International Conference on Analysis and Applied Mathematics (ICAAM 2020) which was held in North Cyprus, Turkey. The selection of the papers included in this volume is based on an international peer review procedure. The selected extended abstracts examine wide ranging and cutting edge developments in various areas of Analysis and Applied Mathematics. The papers give a taste of current research. We feel the variety of topics will be of interest to both graduate students and researchers. K-5442-2015 55334518800

Biometric authentication is a recognition of individual according to their unique physiological and behavioural characteristics. Recently, the application of biometric is the most trending in cyber security technology such as fingerprint, facial recognition, and voice recognition. However, these biometrics have their own drawbacks which allow the unauthorized party to cybercrime and the number of cases is also increased. To encounter this kind of problem, the previous researchers proposed brain signal or electroencephalogram (EEG) as biometric trait. EEG is an electrical activity recorded via non-invasive method using electrode placed on the scalps and measured as voltages. EEG is chosen by the researchers as biometric module because EEG hold its own unique characteristics and more robust against the cybercriminals. This paper presents a review of the EEG-based biometric studies and research. The previous research was reviewed based on their signal acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. The general knowledge of EEG and the basic operation of biometric authentication also discussed in this paper. The recent studied and research is chosen with various proposed method respect to the better performance rate. In addition, the deep learning in biometric authentication is found to be the popular among the researchers for classification step because more robust and automatically extracted feature within the network.

This paper focuses on the literature review of construction industry towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). It is not easy for construction industry to adapt to the new technology which mostly based on internet of things (IOT), internet of service, big data and etc. However, the recent devastating Covid 19 outbreak more or less has opened the eyes of the construction industry towards IR 4.0 due to the movement control order (MCO). The impact of Covid 19 forces all the industries including construction industry to move toward IR 4.0. Some of the elements to support the construction industry to move toward IR 4.0 are discussed in this paper including Building Information Modeling (BIM), the use of drone or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAE) to monitor construction site, virtual meeting among stakeholders and the use of prefabrication works such as Industrial Building System (IBS). Systematic and efficient construction works can be achieved by implementing the elements of IR 4.0 in construction industry.

This paper seeks to pinpoint the important concept to emphasize social entrepreneurship’s role in overcoming extant relations of exploring, identifying and solving an environmental problem. It builds on the premise that social entrepreneurship not only gain a profit but also create a social value to solve an environmental problem. The development of social entrepreneurship initiative and building on theory and practice of social entrepreneurship studies, the paper complement the lack of research work relating the social entrepreneurship phenomenon by proposing a conceptual framework, which encompasses the social entrepreneurship initiatives development process, the contextual aspects and social value. The paper then provides a theoretical framework of social entrepreneurship initiatives development. The theoretical framework of social entrepreneurship and relates to environmental sustainability research. Social innovation by a social entrepreneurship to environmental sustainability, each innovation a different take on what might comprise the environmental problem or oppressive potential of social entrepreneurship. As the innovation aspect of social entrepreneurship has attracted increasing attention among social entrepreneurship researchers, the paper formulates a tentative framework for furthering views on the environmental sustainability aspects of social entrepreneurship as a positive phenomenon in attention research.

This paper presents a short review on terahertz imaging systems based on several types of technology used in the terahertz detection schemes. Some commercial products from ThruVision Systems Limited Company have utilized GaAs Schottky diode detector at 0.25 THz to produce passive terahertz images for public and homeland security. On the other hand, TeraSense Group Incorporated Company has developed and invented a ground-breaking technology which employs sensor consisting of a matrix of plasmonic semiconductor detectors in their latest products to generate terahertz images in the 0.1 – 1.0 THz frequency range. Recently, the utilization of two-terminal unipolar nanodiodes, known as the self-switching diodes (SSDs), as terahertz detectors has shown promising results. The planar structure of SSD not only enables the device to operate at high frequencies due to low intrinsic parasitic capacitance, but also allows the realization of the device using only a single lithography step. This makes the fabrication process of SSDs faster, more simple, and at lower cost when compared to other electronic devices such as Schottky diodes. The development and recent achievement of SSDs as terahertz detectors are also presented in this paper.

The main goal of this paper to evaluate the performance of the proposed long short-term memory (LSTM)- basis relative humidity (RH) prediction model. Computational physics learning theory is a subfield in artificial intelligence. In this paper, we use the real observed weather data of RH from synoptic station location as an important aspect and effect in weather and climate and using machine learning approach basis on the LSTM neural network, which is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN). We use a machine learning approach to compute the relative humidity basis on the LSTM model. The LSTM is trained by using two years of climate data (from January 2008 to December 2009). LSTM is capable of forecasting complex univariate relative humidity time series with strong no-stationarity. The result shows the usefulness of LSTM and out performs traditional forecasting methods in the challenging relative humidity record problem.

Shophouses in Palembang have been developed since the Dutch colonial era in a major trading area like 16 Ilir area. This paper discusses how shophouses as one of the important parts of the Palembang commercial area have various forms and transformations over time that contribute to shaping Palembang's urban environments. At first, Chinese merchants introduced shophouses that provide a space for both trading and living with some adaptation to local conditions. Later on, there have been some changes in both the exterior and the interior of those shophouses. The analysis of this paper focuses on the spatial arrangement of shophouses that resulted in the specific orientation, linear organization, and adaptation of a courtyard as a basic feature in a shophouse. This paper further analyzes the typology of shophouses in Palembang city and how some parts of those shophouses sustain and adapt to tropical climate in Palembang. The paper concludes that changes in a shophouse in Palembang are related to the idea of functionality, as well as sustaining the culture and needs.

Picogrid is a small-scale electricity grid that is used to supply small loads such as lighting, fans, and charging batteries on a laptop or smartphone. Picogrid has some advantages such reduce the conversion losses because the load is connected directly to the power source and reduce cost with independent power source from grid. The picogrid we propose is supplied by the battery from electric vehicle which will reach their end of life cycle. Electric vehicle battery will have some capability to store and provide energy for second life application. This paper would evaluate the performance of waste battery from hybrid vehicle supplied DC picogrid. The result of this paper is to acknowledge that the waste battery still can be used for storage system.

The paper focuses on overview of recent developments of the technology of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams. It briefly summarizes the evolution of the technology and its early application and presents conceptual changes in major design and construction features which resulted from over forty years of application in different countries. The paper also discusses the future possible extension of application of the technology for appurtenant structures of dams especially for rehabilitation works with respect to the advantages of the RCC. As an example of such application the case of rapid reconstruction of the chute of the Oroville dam which was heavily damaged during spring flood in 2017 is presented.

A Coupling is a device which is responsible for the operative power transmission between two shafts rotating at particular rpm. Coupling is used to connect two different shafts at their end and can slip or fail depending upon the torque limit. It is the crucial part of any power transmission and may last for very long time if designed and maintained properly. The present study of this paper is to reduce the stress that acting on the bolts by making it uniform strength coupling. The stress in the threaded part of the bolt will be higher than that in the shank. Hence a greater portion of the will be absorbed at the region of the threaded part which may fracture the threaded portion because of its small length. An axial hole is drilled at the center of the bolt through the head as far as thread portion such that the stress in the bolt is uniformly distributed along the length of the bolt. The present study of this paper is to reduce the maximum shear stress by selecting a suitable material for flange coupling. For this purpose, modelling of the rigid-flange coupling is carried out in Solidworks and analysed in ANSYS Workbench. Objective is to design a flanged coupling to connect the drive shaft of a 10 kW Kirloskar diesel generator operating at a rated speed of 1500 rpm to an alternator. The above specifications show a maximum torque transmission of 63.662 Nm. A standard shaft of ∅25 mm is used, and the analysis for basic rigid flange is done, including varying the materials. From the results obtained, the existing design is modified to reduce the weight and improve performance.

This paper presents the fabrication of Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) towards the detection of glucose. The transducer is constructed based on IDE because of its single layer electrode structure. Majority of IDE used metal such as gold and nickel as the electrodes because of their excellent electrical performances. However, in this paper, aluminium is applied as metal of electrodes not only because of its stable material but also trying to investigate the interaction between aluminium metal and Titanium dioxide, TiO2 with glucose detection. Titanium dioxide has been utilized as thin film on the deposited aluminium electrodes to increase the interaction between aluminium electrodes with different concentration of glucose solution. The designs of IDEs interdigitated array (IDBA) and interdigitated ring array (IDRA) are performed by using AUTOCAD and it is printed on a transparency paper as a mask. Customary photolithography methods with positive resist are applied to transfer the pattern on a silicon wafer in this fabrication process. Then, the fabricated IDEs are viewed and examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to verify the surface morphology and topology. The electrochemical performance of IDEs is observed through cyclic voltammogram characteristics performed using potentiostat. In the nut shell, both IDBA and IDRA are tested within 0 to 100 mM range of glucose concentration.

In the present paper, we have simulated the high performing SnS based solar cell by using SCAPS. SCAPS is one dimensional simulating software which is used for the simulation of solar cell. The solar cell consists of SnS based absorber layer, Zn (O, S): N buffer layer and ZnS as window layer. The p-SnS/Zn (O, S): N/ZnS is device structure of solar cell. The effect of absorber layer thickness and temperature on electrical parameter of solar cell have been reported in the present paper.

The presence of lead material in lead halide perovskite absorber is always remains a major obstacle due to its toxic nature. The emergence of tin halide perovskite absorber will overcome this toxicity issue and due to its extraordinary properties such as direct band gap and compatible visible spectrum of solar cells attracts a wide attention to researchers to focus on the development of lead free perovskite solar cells. This paper comprises of the device simulation of lead-free perovskite material. In addition, effect of various hole transport layers, and the effect of absorber band gap have been studied. It has been observed from the results that along with the proper band alignment of HTM layer with perovskite layer, the mobility of HTM layer plays an important role to achieve better device performance. Furthermore, it has been concluded that Cu2O layer as a hole transport material exhibits better device performance as compare to the other HTM layer used in this paper.

This paper presents the structural and optoelectronic behavior of ZnSiP2 compound theoretically. The calculations are performed using full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) within density functional theory (DFT) as embodied in WIEN2K code. For the accuracy of calculation, Perdew-Burke generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) is used. Based on the energy bands, the forbidden band gap of ZnSiP2 was found to be 1.37 eV which is suitable for photovoltaic applications. The formation of bands are explained with the help of spectra of density of states (DOS) to determine the effect of Ge doping at Si site on the electronic structure. We have also performed the computations for ZnSi0.875Ge0.125P2. Energy dependent absorption spectra is also reported in this paper to highlight the possible utilization of these compounds in optoelectronic devices.

In past several years, due to technology advancements, the costs of variable speed drives have come down sharply allowing the widespread applications of variable speed devices in building air-conditioning systems. This article presents the case study on application level of variable speed drives to the components of the air-conditioning system (VAV system) installed in Vivekanand Lecture Theatre Complex (VLTC) at MNIT Jaipur, India. After incorporating the variable speed drives to the air conditioning system, the proposed case energy performance index has been compared with the standard energy performance indexes of Energy Conservation Building Codes 2017(ECBC, ECBC+ and Super ECBC), developed by the ministry of power and Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE), India. The study of Hartman research paper on variable speed chiller plants has been used to learn existing algorithm for developing new operating strategies. Simulations are performed on EnergyPlusV8.8.0 (an energy analysis simulation program) for more than dozens of cases by making the variable a single and multiple combinations of HVAC equipment (AHU, Cooling Tower, Chiller, Pumps). The results show that the application of variable speed drives improved the performance of the air conditioning system substantially. At an average, the energy consumption of all variable chiller plant decreased by 40-45% compared to a constant speed chiller plant. All-variable speed chiller plant operating strategies have been developed based on the tailored specific performance characteristics of variable speed chillers and the variable flow characteristics of condenser pumps and cooling towers. The specific component-wise energy performance improvement after the incorporation of variable drives and ECBC compliance check for the proposed case has been presented in this paper.