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The construction of a new road has many environmental consequences, as it consumes a significant amount of materials and energy. Additionally, the price of crude oil, which is the primary source of the bituminous binder has climbed dramatically in recent years. These factors have caused a rise in the overall cost of asphalt pavement. An effective way to increase the asphalt mixture industry's long-term viability while also decreasing costs is to develop new materials and technologies that use recycled and environmentally friendly resources in the manufacturing process. The primary goal of employing waste materials as modifiers such as Shredded Paper Fibers "SPF" is to improve performance, save resources, protect the environment from pollution and study the influence of content and sizes on the properties of pure bitumen. The "SPF" was individually mixed with pure bitumen binder at a proportion of (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) % from the weight of bitumen using two different sizes (14×6×1) mm and (7×3×1) mm. Several tests were conducted to assess the properties of the developed binder such as penetration, ductility, softening point, penetration index, and viscosity. The results showed that the modified asphalt binder has fewer values of penetration and ductility by 50 % and 51% respectively compared with pure bitumen for the smallest size of "SPF". The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 2.5 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 1.8 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The knowledge gap in this study suggests an alternative for cellulose fibber from waste recourse, however, the shredded paper is suggested as a stabilizer to asphalt used for Semi-Flexible Pavement "SFP", and where drain down is recognized obviously with neat asphalt. The results also demonstrated that enhanced asphalt binders might significantly alter the characteristics and performance of asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industries have experienced the benefits of applying lean and agile or leagile (combining both lean and agile manufacturing systems), which can help organizations achieve their strategic goals, such as competitiveness, productivity, profitability, high customer service levels, and survival, by improving overall performance. Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing have received much attention in the operations management literature, and they need to be widely implemented in manufacturing systems. In contrast, despite several papers reporting research on leagile manufacturing systems, implementation of leagile manufacturing systems in practice has been slow. A summary of the literature review for some case studies from 2013 to 2022 was used in this paper to define the current manufacturer's product quality goals through various case studies implemented in multiple manufacturing systems. According to the findings, the majority of researchers are interested in implementing lean and agile manufacturing in flow (mass) systems (34.9 %), batch systems (30.5 %), and job shop and continuous production systems (17.3 %) attained a lower level of research interest and implemented based on these studies. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that all of the enterprises studied had implemented the most common and widely used leagile tools (i.e., JIT, TQM, 5S, Kanban, TPM, VSM, Kaizen, Poka Yoka, RP, 5S, SMED, modern manufacturing techniques, robotics and automation, administration policy, experience and skills of employees, GT, innovation and R&D, organizational culture, management leadership, simulation, and collaboration). However, not all businesses had used the leagile tools, the degree of implementation varied for each. Results show that JIT (69.5%), TQM (60.8%), TPM (39.1%), and collaboration (34.7%) are the tools used to implement leagile manufacturing the most. Kanban and Kaizen are achieving the exact percentages of (26.08%), 5S and VSM are achieving the same percentage of (21.7%), RP (13.04%), and Poka Yoka is achieving the lowest percentage (8.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays increasing energy efficiency and introducing energy-saving technologies is a strategic task for all national economies. During various industrial processes a large amount of heat is released which is often utilized in cooling towers of various types or dissipated in the atmosphere. The paper presents a study of a two-stage ORC-installation with various working fluids of cascades which allows solving the problems of heat recovery at industrial enterprises effectively. The paper presents an analysis of the thermodynamic cycles of the primary and secondary circuits of a two-stage ORC plant for various working fluids, and also determines the thermodynamic parameters of the combined cycles of an ORC plant with different working fluids. Promising working fluids for the primary and secondary circuits of a two-stage ORC plant are proposed, the thermal efficiency of combined cycles is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper examines the integration of robotic automation in production and its potential benefits for businesses. The paper presents the results of a study that analyzed the impact of robotic automation on productivity, product quality, and cost savings for three different production lines. The study found that the implementation of robotic automation systems led to significant improvements in productivity and cost savings, as well as a decrease in defect rates. However, the study also highlights important factors that must be considered when deciding whether to integrate robotic automation into production, including the initial investment cost, the need for skilled workers, and the potential impact on workers. The paper concludes that while the integration of robotic automation in production is a complex issue that requires careful consideration, businesses that are able to successfully integrate these systems into their production processes can gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace, leading to increased profitability and long-term sustainability, but proper planning and implementation are key to ensuring success. for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph-theoretic concepts are useful in studying various uses in several fields like mechanical & electrical engineering, specifically multi-physics systems. A core aim of the present study is to run an outline of the uses of graph-theoretical ideas in the modeling & investigation of systems in numerous areas. Graph theory (GT) is used in gear train analysis synthesis for decades, & this was an effective & organic modelling tactic in designing gear transmission. The graph-based technique for kinematic & static power examination, power stream, & mechanical proficiency calculation is additionally introduced. The paper additionally features an overall methodology for taking care of designing issues by changing them to issues in other designing areas, via broad discrete numerical models known as GRs. Design synthesis is the central point of interest in the mechanically applied plan to create the plan up-&-comers that meet the plan prerequisites. This paper reviews a novel & calculable synthesis approach of components dependent on GT. It is likewise settled unambiguously the connection between linear graphs & physical systems. Among the continuum of mechanical framework models we can recognize labelling graphs, which can be utilized for detailing & formalizing mechanical assignments. Mechanically coupled frameworks are successfully displayed utilizing hybrid graphs which consolidate attributes of polar & flow graphs & are unrivalled as far as algorithmic methodology. A hybrid used to portray a model of a mechanical framework relies upon the chosen algebraic method & applying matrices is the most helpful strategy to decide the dynamic qualities of the framework [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) applications have been slowly making their path in the industry. Although the required hardware and the methods for the planning and development of collaborative robotic applications are mostly already developed, some industrial branches still struggle to implement HRC. This is the case in motorcycle production, where, unlike car production, the assembly line has been optimized for manual work. Based on the use case described above, this paper identifies new requirements of HRC for automated screwing assembly operations in flexible production environments. In order to compensate deviations in the position of the tool relative to the workpiece, a screwing strategy based on force control is proposed. Parameter sensitivity is considered and supported experimentally with a screwing task performed by a cobot, where a method for contact detection between the nutrunner and the screw head is analyzed. This paper brings a guideline for experts from the manufacturing system engineering to implement HRC in highly dynamic assembly environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a literature review on FDM-3D printing technique in additive manufacturing, Several variables affect the end product's features in fused deposition modelling (FDM), and these variables must be considered while selecting process settings. The study illustrates the effects of various materials and process parameters on final product mechanical properties. It concludes that too many polymer materials can be used as a filament in FDM printing techniques. And although FDM is the most common printing process but characterization of its parameters and their signification need to be covered with more studying, and analysis experimentally and statistically (DOE techniques) in order to control the final product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental concern with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has given researchers and industries more attention to using renewable resources and eco-friendly composite materials. However, conventional machining methods have drawbacks when machining natural composite materials. As a promising unconventional method, laser cutting has attracted the attention of manufacturing industries to machining composites, including natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRCs). Natural polymer composite materials, particularly those that use natural fibers as fillers, are trendy in a wide range of engineering applications. The challenge of this nontraditional method with NFRCs required the industries to demand extensive research into composite materials cutting properties and laser mechanisms. Using a long-pulse laser beam for cutting causes thermal effects during the material removal process. These effects include melting zones, heat-affected zones (HAZ), recast layers, and thermal damage to neighboring layers. This paper focuses on the overview of the laser machining concept in laser cutting processes and their advantages in cutting NFRCs. The final product applications of the NFRCs determine the laser machining strategies. The laser cutting performance analysis associated with machining challenges and essential process parameters that affect the cutting kerf quality and the HAZ is outlined for a better fundamental understanding in this research area. Future research into laser cutting mechanisms on NFRCs could benefit from new combinations of laser type, process parameters, and selected composition of NFRCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the feasibility of joint recycling of mill scale and plastic waste. This research provides the analysis of the mill scale and plastic waste properties, as well as ways of their co-processing. The results of experiments on mill scale grinding in a cone inertial crusher and the formation of briquettes together with plastic are presented. This research has revealed the possibility of creating a briquetted charge material for further processing in steelmaking processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of propylene is tied to the production of ethylene by pyrolysis of various hydrocarbon raw materials and to the processes of oil refining in most countries. Propylene is one of the main large-tonnage petrochemical products, a widely used monomer for the production of polypropylene and plastics. It is necessary to explore alternative ways of its possible production because of the high demand for propylene. This work is devoted to the process of obtaining propylene by dehydrogenation of propane in a fluidized bed on the surface of an alumochrome catalyst developed by Russian scientists of the Research Institute Yarsintez LLC. According to the physical characteristics, the catalyst is a thermally stable, durable microsphere. The content of active chromium in its composition varies between 2.5-2.7% by weight. The paper also presents the results and analysis of the used catalyst for active and selective properties depending on the temperature and feed rate of raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the issue of increasing profitability and economic efficiency in the automation and hyper-automation of production. The concepts of automation and hyperautomation within the framework of production are compared, and their advantages are determined. The influence of these processes on the economic efficiency of production is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of experiments aiming at the development of materials and methods for shaping them for the needs of medical applications. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of prepared powder mixtures (CP-Ti+3,5% of Mo) makes it possible to prepare functional parts with good mechanical properties via in-situ alloying process. Application of 10 times smaller Mo powder in the mixture with CP-Ti allowed to building of biocompatible parts with increased tensile strength by appr. 10-15% compared to the CP-Ti. Achieved material, from the Ti-3,5%Mo powders mixture, with a tensile strength of above 850MPa, may be an alternative to the commonly used Ti6Al4V alloy. Mechanical mixing of powders and SLM in-situ alloying proved to be alternative for preparation (atomization) of alloy powders for the needs of laser-based additive manufacturing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies of Industry 4.0 are revolutionizing the way companies manufacture their products. Modern manufacturing systems are connected with the application of advanced sensors, increased automatization, embedded software, and robotics that collect and analyze data and allow for better decision-making. These trends are also reflected in recent innovations in the field of electrical discharge machining (EDM). One can state that recent progress in EDM is connected with the following areas: increase of automatization and robotization of the process, real-time data analysis, adaptive control and application of artificial intelligence, use of advanced sensors (especially machine vision systems), improvement of communication between machine tool and operator (i.e., voice-operated assistant technology) and application of additive manufacturing to shaping electrodes. All listed above and detailed innovations discussed in the paper cause EDM to become faster, more reliable, and more efficient technology, and the amount of unattended machining hours increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grinding is one of the basic finishing operations, which allows high dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. It has a strong impact on the properties of the machined surface. Well conducted grinding process allows effective interactions of the workpiece with other surfaces, carrying transfer loads and the presence of tribological properties. Finishing operations are one of the last stages of the manufacturing process. During the production of an object, it often takes nearly 70% of the manufacturing time. The intensive development of metallurgy makes it possible to create more and more new materials, which necessitates the creation of new technologies for finishing the surfaces of these materials. Therefore, intensive research is being conducted to further improve the grinding process. Enhancement of the grinding process includes optimization of technological parameters, selection of coolant and appropriate cooling of the machining zone or tool, construction of new types of abrasive tools and modeling of the process itself. This is especially important when machining hard-to-machine materials, for example Inconel 625 steel. In this case, typical technological solutions do not always allow to obtain the desired surface topography properties. Therefore, a novel type of an abrasive wheel has been proposed. This tool is composed of grains characterized by different size. This feature results in lower damage of the working surface. The use of 80 µm, 100 µm and 120 µm grains in a single wheel also leads to an improved manufacturing process. In this paper, the results of an experimental study of grinding the surface of Inconel 625 with conventional and multigranular abrasive wheels are presented. It also analyzes the effect of silicon carbide grain size on the geometric structure of the Inconel 625 surface, the load-bearing ratio and the wear condition of the grinding wheel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truss structures are exceedingly common in engineering applications, including bridges, towers, in buildings, and numerous mechanical applications. An optimum design of truss structure significantly improves the structural performance and material savings. Traditionally, a truss structure is optimized under a certain condition such as material properties, load and geometry, which is deterministic. The deterministic optimization may result in an inferior solution when small changes in actual operation are different from design parameters. In real situations, a truss structure may operate at various uncertain operating conditions, such as different material properties, loading conditions, and dimensional errors resulting during manufacturing processes. Optimization under uncertainty recognizes that the design performance fluctuates in probabilistic distribution rather than deterministic values. Optimization considering uncertain quantities results in a robust design that is less sensitive to small changes in design parameters. This paper presents a robust optimum design of truss structure under some uncertain operating conditions, especially under dimensional errors resulting during manufacturing process. A robustness index is deployed as quality measure of the truss design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of machines used to extract materials in the mining process, the hydraulic shovel machine is the machine that often experiences damage. This is undoubtedly a challenge for the operation and maintenance department to keep costs to a minimum. With the increasing number of years of experience in operating hydraulic shovel machines, the behavior and damage of this machine are easier to know. Supported by documentation, operational data storage, and historical damage data, future operation and maintenance decisions can be planned based on past events. This paper presents an approach to preventive maintenance approach by using historical failure data to determine preventative maintenance intervals to maintain the reliability of a component or module. The results of this study will then present preventive maintenance intervals along with their maintenance. The method chosen is the method that produces the minimum maintenance costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity recognition offers a wide range of applications in various industrial processes and healthcare. This work proposes an approach to collect data from a spherical coordinate system using smartphones, then extract the highly efficient features using advanced preprocessing. The paper also proposes an algorithm to recognize activity using various ensemble machine-learning approaches based on extracted features. These approaches are evaluated under various combinations of features to analyze the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and training time. Experimental results reveal that weighted KNN performs best among all models by achieving 96.2% accuracy with 12 features. On the other hand, Bagged tree ensemble classifiers perform better than subspace KNN ensemble classifiers with an accuracy of 95.3% using 12 features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the features of small enterprises is the missing or inoperable quality management system (QMS), which is created exclusively on paper and is divorced from real production, which leads to the abandonment of specialists involved in quality control and the assignment of their duties to performers. This solution will increase productivity, but will lead to a decrease in quality. To prevent such a situation, specialists involved in product quality control should take an active part in improving production based on a process approach, and thanks to the development of digital systems, these processes can be automatically transferred to the QMS. This approach seems to be the most interesting for the managers of the enterprise, since a significant effect can be obtained with minimal costs for the transition to digital systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper intended to design and build a novel magnetic gearbox system that makes use of permanent magnets and electromagnets to transmit torque between shafts at a variable rate. A magnetic coupling that transfers torque from a single shaft to another without the use of a mechanical connection. The two applications in which electromagnetic shaft couplings are used most often are liquid pumps & propeller systems. This is because a static, tangible obstacle can be placed among the two shafts to split the fluid to the motor working in air. Torque is transmitted by magnet couplings without no mechanical contact. As a result, the mechanical loss is decreased, and if too much torque is applied, damage will be avoided by slippage & mechanically and safely reconnecting. The main benefits include lower maintenance expenses as a result. Additionally, it is possible to lessen the vibration that is transmitted to the equipment, which will increase its lifespan and protect it in the event of an overload. In contrast to current magnetic couplings, this work offers a potential way for the experimental analysis and layout of contactless mechanical energy transmission having variable torque capacity. Using the sketch up programmes, the components of our endeavour were designed, put together, and then the production process was completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing industries are business driven and profits are generated by increasing annual revenue and reducing total manufacturing costs. The cost involves multiple resources such as raw materials, manpower, equipment and even manufacturing time. Thus, every manufacturing process from the frontline to the backline must run up to the maximum capacity and effectiveness without compromising products' yield and quality. End milling is one of the crucial processes to produce geometry shape products mainly in the automotive and aerospace industries. Therefore, this paper aims to obtain optimum conditions of ethe nd milling process for three cutting inserts with multi-objective parameters using a combination of mathematical modelling and genetic algorithm. The responses studied are surface roughness, cutting temperature, cutting force and flank wear. The target is to obtain the lowest value of all the responses studied by considering both input and response parameters simultaneously at one time. The process involved multi parameters and responses, thus in this study, multi-objective optimization genetic algorithms (MOGA-II) were applied. The optimization process parameters of end milling were obtained using response surface methodology, mathematical models and the MOGA-II approach. The optimum parameters were determined according to the design flow, constraints value and mathematical algorithm. Based on MOGA-II analysis, every workflow generated 1600 feasible solutions for optimization that meet the design space requirement. However, only a final solution was selected according to the multi-objective optimization of each insert used in the experiments. Subsequently, multi-criteria decision-making is required to choose the final optimization of the machining performance. Based on the parallel coordinates plot in MOGA-II and the multi-criteria decision-making approach, the final iteration number representing a single combination of optimum parameters was obtained for each cutting insert. The results of end milling process parameters with optimised machining conditions are presented and discussed. In the confirmation analysis, all the results are less than 10% of marginal error, thus, indicating that the model that was developed for the response studied is reasonably accurate. All the actual values are within a 95% prediction interval. Therefore, it can be concluded that the process was optimized which regards the lowest value obtained for the responses studied. In addition, the process was enhanced significantly with a combination of the MQL technique and the application of tri-hybrid nanofluids in end milling even for the low-cost cutting insert like uncoated tungsten carbide. For future study, other methods or algorithms can be applied in other machining processes to obtain optimum machining parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-based controllers must be created by modelling the system to be controlled. This is because, regardless of how well-tuned the controller's settings are based on this model, good control performance cannot be predicted without first picking the suitable model for the process. The vast majority of industrial processes are overdamped, time-delayed steady-state systems. Designing a non-linear controller has always been difficult for researchers and control professionals. The robotic manipulators have numerous inputs and outputs. A Nonlinear PID Controller has been designed in this paper. This controller combines the Proportional Integral and Derivative controllers, as well as a nonlinear factor that multiplies with the integral controller. After Simulink modelling the controller, it was discovered that its performance is superior to that of other current controllers, and that its application is ubiquitous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the possibility of using secondary products of the chemical industry for modifying road bitumen used in the sharply continental climates of Central Asia. At the same time, their physical and chemical properties were studied, and it was found that the modifiers M-1, M-2, M-3 affect the properties of bitumen BND 60/90 and BND 90/130 differently. The optimal variant of adding modifiers for the formation of bitumen with high physicochemical and physico-mechanical properties has been determined. An optimal variant of their combination and bituminous composition and a technological process for its production have been developed, while the content of the M-1 modifier is 3%, and the M-2 modifier is 3%, and the M-3 modifier is 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the efficiency of textile industry processes is one of the most important problems facing the economy, the solution of which is impossible without the development and integrated implementation of automation in production. Automation systems allow you to successfully conduct an innovative business and contribute to solving problems of increasing the competitiveness and quality of products. One of the main areas of improvement in this area is the creation of automated systems for technological preparation of production. In this paper, an approach was formulated to create an integrated system for automating the technological preparation of production based on the use of the methodology of functionally oriented modeling. In accordance with this methodology, business processes are considered as a sequence of interrelated functions or works that transform input information or material flows into output ones through the use of resources, methods and tools. The methodology and tools for functionally oriented modeling of business processes IDEF-0 allows, based on the analysis, systematization and visualization of the sequence of technological processes, to reduce the time for technological preparation of production and the competitiveness of the enterprise as a whole, to identify the most significant problems and formulate a system of proposals for their solution, to apply visualization methods and algorithms for graphical representation of functional programs. The processes of launching and approving an order are considered in detail using the example of jeans products. The model developed using functional modeling contains initial data, input and output information, the content of the stages and serves as the basis for software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia is a widely produced chemical commonly known as a base for fertilizer. Recently, there has been much research about ammonia's potential as a carbon-free energy source and an eco-friendly H2 source for transportation fuel. Henceforth, moving forward is needed for ammonia production with higher efficiency. The most used ammonia production process is the Haber-Bosch process. There have been a lot of attempts at making this process more efficient and economically better, one of those is with the reaction of the Haber-Bosch process in 3 beds in series with fresh make-up between each bed and pre-heating of feed with effluent. From an economical and efficient standpoint, this method is very intriguing and beneficial. But a few aspects, such as operating conditions, need to be considered to prevent operation failure and control issues. This paper uses a steady state simulation to represent the process behaviour and set the operation parameters limit that will cause instability or maintain stability. Aspen-Hysys is used as the main simulation processor to study the harmonic oscillation of the process temperature. The result shows that to maintain the stability of each bed while providing the highest conversion of ammonia, a bed volume configuration of 6 m2 for the first and second bed and 18 m2 for the third bed with a quenching ratio of 0,44:0,34:0,22 for bed 1,2, and 3. a fresh feed temperature in the range of 305oC is needed with a constant pressure of 162 bar of operating condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid rocket motor is a type of high-energy substance that is commonly utilized in the aerospace and military industries because of its large thrust, high reliability, convenient launch, and low maintenance cost. The difference between solid rocket motors from the other propulsion devices is that they are the inherently single-use device that cannot be turned off once ignited, therefore they are intolerant of manufacturing flaws or changes in operating conditions, especially any that could suddenly increase the total burning surface area. The rocket motor case is considered a significant structure in solid rocket motors, so the risk assessment using the hazard and operability study (HAZOP) method is used to prevent the failure of the rocket propulsion. This paper used literature review and case literature study analysis as a comparison to give the idea of the most suitable method to prevent failure in rocket propulsion. Case failures typically occur as a result of poor design and analysis, underestimating service conditions, skipping non-destructive testing during crucial fabrication stages, and poor material and process control, including weld qualification. The casing is subjected to a number of quality assurance tests for strength, toughness, soundness of weld, and hydraulic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach how to develop a system dedicated to analyze the problems and challenges in a relatively novel area - intelligent data analysis in a manufacturing organization in terms of operational decision making in order to achieve a production efficiency. The importance of this area for decision making through manufacturing analytics is highlighted with a description of modules for such system. Basic steps in the decision-making process in the production management are outlined and structured as well as the modules which are necessary to be built a business intelligence analysis system are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays a significant share of the manufacturing and industrial processes is automated by classic control systems that need to be upgraded in order to meet the new requirements for digitalization and optimization. In this paper are reviewed the main ideas and principles of the concept "Industry 4.0" and is defined a basic set of technical, organizational and economic measures to be followed in the process of the upgrade of existing control systems to fulfill the requirements of the concept. Due to the fact that the upgrade in most of the cases needs customized approach, all proposed steps need to be reviewed as a minimum required and in some of the cases some additional steps might be needed due to the current system specifics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several recent studies have demonstrated the potential of nanoparticles for drug delivery. Biopolymers, in particular, are favourable materials for use as nanoparticles in drug application because of their properties includes biodegradability, biocompatibility and having low immunogenicity are only a few of their many characteristics. Biopolymers are polymers made by living organisms and are classified as biopolymers. Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids are the three types, to use biopolymer-based pharmaceuticals nanoparticles, it is critical to manage particle size, charge surface shape, and load molecules release rate. To produce a nanoparticle a range of materials and preparation processes have been tried for medical reasons. The focus of this review paper is on the formation of biocompatible nanoparticles made of biopolymer including Proteins (silk fibroin), their advantages and disadvantages. The nature of the materials and production method has an impact on the properties of the product. Furthermore, their applications are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process planning, and process capability have always been closely interconnected and have play a pivotal role in manufacturing. Process planning involves defining the necessary steps to produce a certain product, such as: the required machinery, tools, equipment, measuring instruments and materials, as well as the skills and training needed for the personnel involved in the production process. Process capability, on the other hand, analyzes and evaluates the different variations in process planning, using statistical indices, to ensure that the selected optimal process plan provides efficient manufacturing and high-quality products, as required in responsible industries such as automotive. This paper presents review of the basic concepts and terms related to process capability analysis and evaluation. Additionally, it will also review the requirements outlined in the standards and industry regulations as to the evaluation of process capability evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies GaN device structure on silicon substrates. The fabricated device, with LG of 4-µm and WG of 100-µm, demonstrates a maximum drain current of 780mA/mm and a threshold voltage of - 4V. The two-dimensional Silvaco simulator tools are used to analyze and model the fabricated device. The simulation results closely match the experimental findings, validating the developed model's accuracy. These outcomes signify that the study can be a reference for modeling other GaN-based devices in future material growth and process development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional tofu production process makes it difficult for micro, small, and medium enterprises to meet the need for tofu products on the market, especially during this current virus pandemic. The performance of the tofu pressing and cutting tool is necessary to improve tofu production more effectively, efficiently, and hygienically. This paper presents the design of the pneumatic tofu pressing and cutting tool. The pneumatic tofu pressing and the cutting tool were designed by using Autodesk Inventor software. The tool consists of leg frames, stand frames, pneumatic stand frames, tofu molds, tofu drawers, pressing plates, and cutting knives. Until implementation, the design process needs 6 months, from February until August 2021. The new design of the tofu pressing plate has 449×449 mm in size is considered based on the previous size having the dimension of 450×450 mm. The laboratory-scale experiment results show that the proposed tofu pressing and cutting tool is very effective, efficient, and hygienic. The pneumatic tofu pressing and cutting process only need around 6 ‒ 7 minutes in one cycle of tofu production. This tool can promote micro, small, and medium enterprises to grow the tofu market at Subang Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of magnetic pulse processing is used in the stamping of sheet metal and tube parts, welding and assembly operations. In powder metallurgy, the method is used for pressing powders, processing sintered powder products and transporting materials in various media. To increase the efficiency of the processing, electromagnetic field formers are used-field shapers that focus the field strength in a narrow working area. In this paper, the basic types of field shapers are considered: electromechanical, electrodynamical and magnetic. Their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. The results of evaluation of magnetic induction of the inductors using field shapers made of cast bronze and powder materials are presented. Special attention is paid to a research of field shapers made of powder material known as SOMALOY material. The research provides recommendations for selection of parameters of the process of processing materials in a pulsed electromagnetic field and the design of technological devices and tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's manufacturing companies have begun to increasingly use digital tools to increase their company production efficiency, to ensure a low-price level, high quality, and fast delivery time of the product or service in the conditions of increasing competition in the globalized economy. An important part of improving the company's efficiency indicators is the ever-more relevant organization of transport operations on the production floor and the digitization and automation of these processes. More and more companies have adopted or plan to do so in the near future with autonomous mobile robots (AMR) to manage production logistics. The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the advanced hardware and control software of AMR enable autonomous operations in dynamic environments, which gives them the ability to communicate and negotiate independently with other resources, such as machines and systems, and thus decentralize decision-making in production processes. Decentralized decision-making allows the system to dynamically respond to changes in system state and environment. Such developments have affected traditional planning and control methods and decision-making processes, but also place greater demands on the software used and integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for the execution of these decisions. In this study, we provide an overview of how to pilot the integration of an AMR system with AI functionality in the production logistics of the food industry using the concept of a 3D virtual factory. The paper proposes an approach for the performance analysis of AMR for the transportation of goods on the production factory floor, which is based on 3D layout creation and simulation, monitoring of key performance indicators (KPIs), and integration of AI for proactive decision-making in production planning. The relevance and feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated by a food industry case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a long transition period when joining the EU, the Bulgarian Agti-food industry faces new challenges. Digitalization is one of the most important. The paper focuses on identifying the existing network of stakeholders involved in the process of digitalization of Agri-food in Pazardzhik district of Bulgaria. The methodology used has been developed for the Regions 4Food project under the INTERREG program. Data has been collected with a questionary in 2019, sent to Academic organizations, Agri-Food companies; IT companies; Non-governmental organizations; Public/State institutions. In total, 34 organizations have responded, and 147 connections have been identified. The collected information has been processed with the Gephi software. Five indicators have been used to determine the importance of an actor in the network - indegree, outdegree, degree, closeness and betweenness centrality. According to the type, the public institutions have the highest degree and weighted degree, indicating their important role in the network. Most of the connections are related to the provision of information. In terms of main activity, the regulatory agencies have the highest degree and weighted degree, followed by the financing organizations. Agri-food companies really use digital technologies in their production process. The academic institutions have not integrated digital technologies into their study programs. The NGOs are small and have limited capacity. All these findings show an existing network of actors involved in the process of digitalization of the Agri-food industry in Pazardzhik district, but the participants are weakly connected. The most prominent among them are the public and the state organizations, indicating the stronger role of the state compared to the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production processes for creating textile fibers are extremely complex. In the general case, the creation of the final product - spools of thread, goes through many different stages and different production machines and workshops. Depending on the item, different types of raw materials are used in the production process, different additional materials are added, specific activities are performed. Predicting the time required to complete an order is extremely important, because it allows to optimize the production process. It depends on many factors - type of item, planned quantity of production, specifics of the production process, number of used machines and the time for their adjustment, available quantities of the necessary raw materials in stock, free machines, etc. The paper presents the work on creating a software application for forecasting the time for execution of customer orders. The model of the application and the conducted experiments are presented. Artificial intelligence algorithms have been used for forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the production process by integrating costs is essential to consider. During the ongoing production process, the waste can affect a production system's effectiveness and efficiency and impact production costs. The purpose of this paper is to optimize production costs in the entire value stream by integrating production costs along the value stream, so it is called the cost integrated value stream (CI-VS). By mapping of the total cost losses due to waste that occur along the value stream, this research finds CI-VS approach increases production efficiency while maintaining product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the equations of contact curves of rolls of rolls of roll machines are developed, where the rolls have coatings with different stiffness. The influence of the deformation and geometrical parameters of the roll pair and the material on the shape of the roll contact line is analyzed. It was revealed that the roll contact line are described by equations of the same type in cases where the deformation of the material being processed occurs along the vertical and along the radii of the rolls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ball valves are one of the latest achievements in the development of shut-off and control equipment. Ball valves have a number of advantages, in comparison with other types of valves, which are due to the very design of ball valves. They are analogous in their purpose to the valves, gate valves and cone valves used to this day, but the simplicity of the device, manufacture and control brings the use of ball valves to a leading position in this area of the national economy. In addition to the simplicity of designs and the variety of its options, the advantage of ball valves is the possibility of using corrosion-resistant materials in the manufacture of valve elements. Good tightness of the shutter in combination with low hydraulic resistance allows the use of ball valves in various industries: chemical; oil and gas processing; highways operating under the action of viscous media; hardening mixtures; coarse coal slurries; bulk materials and at cryogenic temperatures. It is also possible to use ball valves in corrosive environments and vacuum. The paper proposes the design of a hollow two-element spherical plug of reduced mass for pipeline fittings of aviation equipment. The manufacturing process was developed and laboratory tests were carried out, confirming the correctness of the decisions made. The design of the die equipment is proposed, which ensures strict alignment and reliability of fixing blanks in the process of forming, as well as easy removal of products from the die. Checking the performance of the stamp in the production environment carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no substitute to the authenticity of Natural materials. Now a days the use of renewable or naturally available resources is increasing demand which leads to evaluation of new materials and its processes. Many researches are going on and new ideas are coming up with excellent results. This paper proposes the usage of naturally available materials instead of synthetic materials to reduce the cost. It has an effective utilization of waste materials along with eco-friendly materials. It also gives a brief description and experimental study on the development of polymer-based composites using natural fiber such as coconut and palm tree fiber by hand lay-up process and its characterization. An attempt is made to compute mechanical properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (NFRPC) having different fiber and orientation. The matrix used is polyester resin with cobalt octoate as a hardener and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEK Peroxide). The test such as bend test and hardness test according to ASTM D 790 and ASTM D785 standards are carried out on sample respectively to test the flexural stress, flexural modulus and hardness number against currently accepted standard materials in the industrial area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a preface to the International Symposium of Advanced Materials and Processing 2022 (ISAMP 2022), which was organized by the Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) in conjunction with the International Multidisciplinary Conference 2022 (IMC 2022). The conference aimed to bring together academics and leading researchers from diverse backgrounds in materials, mechanical and manufacturing, and chemical disciplines. The previous year's conference, ISAMP 2021, featured three keynote speakers and had a total of 77 participants from local and international locations. Out of 87 papers submitted, 21 were selected for publication in the AIP Conference Proceedings. The document expresses gratitude to the participants, committee members, keynote speakers, and reviewers for their contributions to the conference's success. [Extracted from the article]