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Nowadays, induction machines can be considered the backbone of various industrial applications due to the many characteristics such as rigidity, simplicity, high reliability, and low maintenance that can be manufactured for a long time. However, poor efficiency and power factor and increased amounts of torque ripple and losses significantly impact the performance and hence its efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of induction machines, the special design topology for stator and rotor configurations must be investigated and correctly estimated. This paper presents the analysis of the variable geometries of the cage's rotating bars. More specifically, the influence of dimensions and positions, as well as the shapes of the rotor rods, have a significant impact on the dynamic performance (developed torque, starting torque, ripple torque, starting current, power factor, harmonics, output power, and efficiency) are investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to create the optimum designs as well as calculations are used to optimize the shapes of rotor slots in order to improve starting performance characteristics such as starting current, initial torque, magnetic flux connection under starting conditions, and efficiency. Furthermore, the characteristic of the manufacturing material of the rotor are examined, and methods to reduce losses for an induction motor to enhance efficiency are examined. This paper focuses on the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existence of defects (such as cracks, pores, inclusions etc.) in steel structures is nearly unavoidable and therefore, investigations on their behaviour and the structural integrity of the structure are necessary. Additionally, it is observed that such defects can interact with corrosion pits, which are important consequences of the other phenomenon related to steel structures. Therefore, this paper is devoted to a study on the influence of the corrosion pit on fatigue crack propagation under mixed-mode I/II loading conditions. A rectangular bar subjected to remote tensile loading is modelled numerically by means of the finite element method and principles of the linear elastic fracture mechanics are applied. Several conclusions are stated on the effect of individual parameters varied within the study on the crack propagation. More extensive studies are intended in the field of crack deflection etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a finite element model for the amphibious aircraft spreader bar using a composite structure will be presented. The initial spreader bar cross-section is an ellipse with an overall thickness of 3.8 mm and an additional thickness on the minor axis. The spreader bar using a composite structure is proposed to replace the initial spreader bar using aluminium. Composite Toray-TCA T700S-12K-50C#2510 Plain Weave Fabric will be used to replace aluminium 6061-T6. The composite spreader bar cross-section is similar to the initial design by applying ply drop-off to vary the thickness of its cross-section. There are 44 plies for the thick zone and 18 for the thin zone. For stacking sequences, all zones use symmetric layers. Model verification has been performed by comparing the spreader bar cross-section from the computer-aided design and finite element model. The spreader bar is modeled with a 2D shell element to obtain the failure index and margin of safety using Tsai-Wu failure criteria. The side load while landing will be used in this paper because it is a critical load during the flight. The side load generates tension, compression, shear, roll moment, yaw moment, and torsion in the spreader bar structure. The spreader bar structure using composite material is 42.8% lighter than using aluminium. The margin of safety of spreader bar structure using aluminium and composite material are -0.37 and 1.54, respectively. This results mean that composite structure can be used as an amphibious aircraft spreader bar, which is safer than aluminium in terms of strength, but not better in terms of stiffness due to its lower elastic modulus than aluminium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To calculate analytical model of buildings and receive stress-strain state results, triangulation of structural elements is required. Great attention should be paid to reinforced concrete multi-span floor slabs at the joints with vertical elements. Due to unevenness and complexity in form, the finite element mesh of slab in such places can become more concentrated, which leads to an increase in stress values and inadequately elements design. To prevent such negative consequences and create an even mesh all over the slab, additional mesh generation in such places is required. To simplify such problem and reduce human costs, adjustment of finite element (FE) mesh can be obtained by means of visual programming. The purpose of this paper is to obtain and compare the results of finite element analysis (FEA) of reinforced concrete floor slab in residential building and to adjust generated mesh at the joints with vertical elements by means of visual programming in SAPFIR-3D. The scientific and practical importance of the work stands in the describing of the method of adjustment of FE mesh generation of floor slabs at the joints with vertical elements by means of visual programming. The results of the research are based on the results of calculation in programming complexes SAPFIR-3D and LIRA-SAPR, also analysis of literary sources and practical experience of the authors. The article revealed the possibility usage of visual programming to adjust FE mesh of floor slab with aim to simplify its shape at the joints with vertical structural elements. There is considered method and options for visual programming in the SAPFIR-3D. In this paper, results of the 8-storey skeleton reinforced concrete residential building with basement, have been analyzed and compared. The practical importance of the results of this paper lies in the presentation of the proposed method to adjust FE mesh of floor slab by means of visual programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stents are used in Angio-plasticity (to make the blood flow through it, as an alternative for veins). Reason for choosing material to be shape memory alloy (SMA) is that It should be flexible and resilient. Along with it, it should expand on heating and contract on cooling. A study like this will help to understand more about the behavior of the stent and provide designers with valuable information on how to improve the quality of the stent for different biological loading conditions using FEA. Research and development of new products in biomaterial can be made more cost-effective by implementing this technology. This paper with the help of this FE analysis, two cardiovascular stents made of Aluminum and Nitinol alloy have been thoroughly examined. Comparative results are validated for the different shape memory alloy (SMA) material to know their nonlinear behavior during excessive blood pressure conditions. The outcome of this paper is to determine the FOS and which material is reliable amongst the material. The total deformation of aluminum alloy obtained from the FEA analysis was 1.9174 mm, this total deformation value is greater than the nitinol material. Hence from the analysis its concluded that the nitinol is better than the aluminum alloy when designing a cardiovascular self-expanding stent with more life, less deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry's recent high requirements for high-performance machinery include the selection of materials and effective procedure for cam-follower design and manufacturing. Numerous authors have used several different ways to change the mechanical design, modelling or simulation, and performance of the Cam-follower mechanism. The Cam and follower mechanism are generally utilized for the IC engine's inlet and outlet valves. This paper presents the designing, modelling, and finite element analysis of the machine cam-follower mechanism. For this analysis, the finite element method is used. The Cam-follower is one of the essential parts in the engines of automobiles and other vehicles. In this project, the standard engine cam-follower is designed and analysed using SOLIDWORKS & ANSYS WORKBENCH 2020R2 software, respectively. An engine's basic needs create the model. Presently used material for cam- follower is steel. In this paper, the cam-follower material is getting replaced with smart materials. Static structural analysis and model analysis is done cam-follower model using cast iron, steel, and different composite materials. A comparison chart is also prepared for the four materials to confirm the best suitable material for the cam-follower mechanism. Hence, using the standard materials for Cam and follower mechanisms, these can be manufactured from composite materials or smart materials as it will provide better optimization in engine performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the main parameters of underground coal combustion and their modelling methods. Different aspects of the process, such as thermal and hydrodynamic processes, combustion processes and interaction with the environment are investigated in the paper. Various methods such as numerical simulation, finite element method, etc. are used to simulate the processes. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and analysed to determine the optimum process parameters. The work represents an important contribution to the field of underground coal combustion and can be useful for developing new technologies and optimising existing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some features confronted in finite element analysis of combined clinching and pull-force testing process for process optimal design are investigated to suggest an engineering approach to solve the problems occurring in conducting finite element analysis and clinching process optimal design. An optimized finite element analysis model with appropriate blank size and number of finite elements, based on elasto-plasticity, is proposed in terms of reliable prediction of pull-force. The optimized finite element mesh system in terms of good mesh regularity at the material-die interface is emphasized to obtain steady predictions of pull-force for clinching process design optimization. Rigid-plastic finite element method is criticized from the standpoint of pull-force prediction while implicit elasto-plastic finite element analysis is strongly recommended especially for clinching process design optimization. An optimal process design is conducted using the proposed schemes. The engineering insights obtained from this paper can help gain a better understanding of the deformation history and can pave the way for a more realistic optimal process design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General intention of this research is to investigate possibility to identify damages occurred in overhead contact line pylons of electrified transport during their exploitation based on eigenvalues of the pylons. Metal thin-walled pylons are considered. Vibration detector "LEPTON" is introduced to experimentally obtain eigenvalues of the pylons. Fast Fourier Transformation is applied as general approach to obtain Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of the structure. Results of experimental research of overhead contact line pylons of electrified transport are presented in this paper. Experimental data have been analyzed and conclusion about such an approach expediency is specified. Moreover, it is stated that basing on experimental data only (without any additional mathematical or finite element modelling introduction) main eigenvalue of the structure is able to be identified as 1.619-1.656 Hz range for twenty two observed pylons of Type I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of soft soil, such as low shear strength and permeability with high water content and compressibility, pose a significant challenge for constructing structures and embankments. One of the most common techniques for ground improvement is stone columns, also known as granular piles or aggregate piers. The main aim of stone column installation is to reduce settlement, shorten consolidation time and increase the bearing capacity of soils. A comprehensive literature search has extracted many studies on finite element models, numerical simulation, and large-scale tests to identify stone columns' performance. This paper presents a brief review of the published work on the stone columns in the last 11 years (from 2000 until 2021) in order to describe the growth and the latest research developments of ground improvement by stone columns. The main findings from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases are divided into two main subdivisions: the single/group stone column reinforced foundation and the ordinary/encased stone column, explicitly focusing on bearing capacity and mode of failures. Thus, this review paper provides the efficiency of the latest research trend as a guide for other researchers and industry practices that may be significant in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosthesis has been advancing since the day of its introduction, having a tremendous degree of advancement and examination in clinical field as well as in robotics. This has been an influence for researchers who made it conceivable with various types of prosthetics that are accessible these days in the market both commercially and uniquely crafted. This paper throws light on numerical simulation and design of a prosthetic leg. The work focuses on the optimization and simulation of a prosthetic leg, improving its strength and making it cost effective. The paper has described the design and analysis of two early-existed models of prosthetic leg, comparing their strength and durability through different material analysis and thereafter designing a new model with better strength, having a high deformation rate or durability, and having much cost-efficient design and material. The Finite element analysis (FEA) was done in Ansys software, the material properties and cost efficiency were kept in mind during the analysis as well as during selection of material. Prosthetics are modified for every person, remembering the utilization and actual properties. In any case, the conventional prosthetics are heavier, and the production is costly andtedious. The current study resolves this issue and proposes an elective plan for prosthetic legs. The designed prosthetic was simulated properly and has been compared with earlier existed models. The study concludes that the new design is much more efficient and user friendly that the wearer will feel comfortable, to live a normal life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical study presents the effect of heat generation and chemical reaction on the problem of magnetohydrodynamics mixed convective flow of power-law nanofluid using Buongiorno's model. Adiabatic non-conducting solid square block is located at the center of the cavity and both vertical walls are moving with uniform velocity. The governing dimensional equations in vector form are transformed into non-dimensional form. Then, the dimensionless equations are solved numerically by finite element method (FEM) using automated solution technique which is FEniCS. The effects of different parameters such as Richardson number, power-law index, magnetic field, heat generation/absorption, chemical reaction and size of square block on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are performed and discussed in this paper. It is found that rising both Richardson number and power-law index lead to increase the velocity and temperature profiles (right side of cavity). Besides, rising both magnetic parameter and size of square block lead to decrease the velocity and temperature profiles (right side of cavity). Adding the heat generation/absorption parameter has increased the temperature profile. In addition, increasing chemical reaction parameter has reduced the concentration profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the resolution of digital images increases significantly, the process of images becomes more challenging in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we consider image segmentation by solving a partial differential equation (PDE) model based on the Mumford-Shah functional. We develop a new algorithm by combining anisotropic mesh adaptation for image representation and finite element method for solving the PDE model. Compared to traditional algorithms solved by the finite difference method, our algorithm provides more efficient results without the need to downsample the image to a lower resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the evaluation of the performance of the FEMM software in comparison with the performance of the ANSYS/Emag software, where the magnetorheological (MR) valve needs magnetic designs and that the calculation by traditional methods is not easy, so need finite element modeling and analysis (FEM). As the ANSYS/Emag software is certified in most researches magnetorheological (MR) valves, in this paper, the magnetic designs of three papers were relied upon in which the ANSYS/Emag software for magnetic analysis was used. By using FEMM software for the same MR valve magnetic designs, the results of the magnetic density and magnetic flux density satisfactory and close to the ANSYS/Emag software depending on the same dimensions, metals, and the number of coils turns of the original design. The FEMM software is characterized by flexibility and ease of use, due to its specialization in calculating magnetic designs, and less complex than other software. (Some figures in this article may appear in color only in the online version). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of the city, many new tunnels inevitably pass through the area near the existing tunnel, which may have a greater impact on the existing tunnel. In this paper, the finite element model reflecting the tunnel position is established by using ABAQUS software combined with dynamic simulation analysis method and Python language programming. The influence of the relative position of the new tunnel (L,α) on the deformation of the existing tunnel, the stress of the supporting structure and the ground settlement is studied. The results show that with the increase of relative distance (L), the convergence force, maximum axial force and bending moment of lining decrease gradually. When L is constant, with the increase of α, the convergence of the roof and floor of the existing tunnel increases, and the maximum ground settlement decreases. The maximum axial force and bending moment of the existing tunnel lining increase with the increase of |α|. This paper provides a reference for the rational planning and line selection of the tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in engineering have widely been adopted as key enabling technologies in personalized orthopedics. This has led to a greater degree of personalization of medical devices such as fixators, implants, scaffolds, etc. Authors previously contributed to the field of personalized orthopedics through the development of the method of anatomical features (MAF). This study seeks to further innovate the established MAF and introduce a methodology for implant personalization. In this paper a method for the personalization of implants is presented on a personalized humerus shaft plate implant example. The methodology consists of two main elements Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model development. The first result of this paper is a parametric CAD model of a personalized huerus shaft implant. Its contact surface geometry is personalized so it can adapt to changes in length and width of the plate enabling a precise contact with the humerus. The second result is based on the creation of a FEA model which enables the definition of the relationship between the structural parameters and mechanical properties of the personalized implants through a response surface. This information could in the future be used by medical practitioners in the preoperative processes to select a personalized implant which is appropriate for the specific patient case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study stress acting on the dental implant by using Finite Element Analysis to consider different force directions. The material of the component was titanium. Even though long-term dental implant survival rates are easily found and established by numerous studies, the clinical success due to changes in mechanical and prosthodontic apparatuses is still debatable. By using engineering software like Finite Element Analysis and Equivalent Stress Analysis, it has been investigated stress applied to the dental implant. The finalaim of this paper is to find the stress under the load on the dental implant using the virtual model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented here suggests a novel technique for forecasting the surface elastic properties (parameters) of soft solids, specifically σo (surface tension), μs (lame second parameters), and λs (lame first parameter), using machine learning approaches. Soft solids, distinguished by their distinct mechanical properties, are essential in a wide range of applications, from biomedical devices to wearable electronics. Understanding and forecasting surface characteristics is critical for progressing in material design and engineering. While previous research has looked into components of surface elasticity, this study stands out by using machine learning algorithms to predict these properties. Data is generated using Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, resulting in a comprehensive dataset (340875 instances) for training and evaluation. The major goal is to create accurate predictive models that can estimate the surface parameters σo, μs, and λs which govern the material's reaction to external pressures and strains. These surface properties are critical in characterising the behaviour of soft solids, making their prediction an important step towards improved material design and innovation. Considering the multi parameter nature of the prediction work, the paper adopts Multi-Output Decision Tree Regression (MODTR) as the machine learning algorithm of the choice. Various measures of performance, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Coefficient of Determination (R2 Score), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), are used to analyse results. While previous research has looked into surface elasticity, this paper is the first to use machine learning and finite element analysis data to predict surface characteristics. The results have the potential to advance the uses of soft materials by providing significant insights into their behaviour and permitting creative designs in domains ranging from electronics to biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive wheel is an indispensable part of a motor vehicle as it is the first part that receives loads in various forms from applications such as falls, heavy cargo and cornering, etc. This paper presents the effectiveness of the analysis process using a finite element method to simulate the dynamic cornering fatigue test by comparing the experimental results with the finite element analysis (FEA) results obtained from three methods: full transient, modal transient and static structural methods. The static structural method was found to have the highest accuracy, with less than 2% error, and also the least computational time. It takes 97% less computational time than the full transient method. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that the static structural method is most effective in using the fatigue life analysis to improve design prior to actual testing to help reduce the cost and time of launching new products in the alloy manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a finite element method (FEM) analysis for a transient redox reaction on a single electrode microdisk via commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics®. The software capabilities in modelling have been well documented, however, a direct comparison of the 1-dimension (1D), 2-dimension (2D) axisymmetric, and 3-dimension (3D) models for electrode microdisk is scarcely available. The developed model is for cyclic voltammetry under semi-infinite spherical diffusion. Mesh refinement with its consequent number of elements (noe), computation time (tcom), and current, I(t) was compared on the 1D, 2D axisymmetric, and 3D model. This paper proved the software's consistency to produce less than 3% error between simulation and analytical results across all dimensions. 1D simulation took around 3 minutes to complete, giving less than 0.1% error. While the 2D axisymmetric simulation completed around 10 minutes with 0.5% error. On very fine mesh using a 3D model can yield a simulation with an error of 2.5%. It has the drawback of taking significantly longer tcom to complete. A slight discrepancy between 2D axisymmetric and 3D simulation results on finest meshing recorded to have less than 3% difference and that is due to CPU memory limit. Further investigations on complex electrochemistry using this platform are justified and highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A valve is a device that control or regulate the fluid in the pipe line, which is commonly used in all industries like oil and gas, process, power, mining, etc. Valves are mainly classified into two types, namely, linear motion valve and rotary motion. A butterfly valve is among the family of rotary motion valve (quarter turn valve) having a metal closure plate along with middle shaft, which acts as a rotating axis. The quarter turn valves are fast to open and close as they required only 90 degrees to rotate in order to fully close and open. The objective of this paper is to identify and study the various characteristics and performance of butterfly valves used in the process industries through various literatures. The most important key performance parameters are identified such as valve operating torque and sealing hence additional research is required to optimize the sealing performance and valve torque by using finite element analysis and engineering hand calculations. Also, it is concluded size optimization is the best methodology for valves according to the industrial valves market scenario. In future research, the factors influencing the design variables to be explored more by scientific methods and the relationship between the variables are to be investigated in order to find the impact of values changes in the variables by using research methodology and technique such as linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and etc., Further a reverse engineering to be carried out in high performance butterfly valves to explore the performances and same has been optimized by finite element analysis and engineering calculation without affecting the international valve design guide lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-velocity interaction between particles and nonflat surfaces is relevant to processes occurring in additive manufacturing technologies such as cold spray. The study of the behavior of the material during a high-velocity collision is needed to understand the full-scale process. The paper addresses the normal contact interaction between spherical particles as well as spherical surfaces at a velocity as high as 400 m/s. The problem is approached by numerical simulation applying the finite element method using strain, strain-rate, and temperature-dependent plasticity model. The focus of this report is to show the contribution of colliding particle radii to the interaction parameters. The results include contact duration, contact surface area, displacement, heat energy, stress, and strain rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a nonlinear 3D model analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with web openings using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The core of the study forms the fundamental procedure of finite element (FE) model building focused on the behavior and structural performance of concrete. Results from various finite element models are compared in the study. The study objective is to define different constitutive models and observe their influence on the structural performance of numerical models of the composite beams at particular load stages. The corresponding deformations, stresses, strains, and fracture patterns were determined. The results show how load-bearing elements consisting of concrete parts can be analyzed using FEM software with various options in order to create the most suitable numerical model. The paper demonstrates the versatility of ANSYS software usage for structural simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without the use of conductive wires, wireless power transfer (WPT). An important part of IPT are the magnetic charging pads, i.e., the wireless connections that are responsible for transmitting the required electrical power from the source-side to the components of the electric vehicles (EVs). Any misalignment of the receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) coupling coils must be tolerated by the magnetic coupler. This paper introduces a modern charging pad called "DD-CC" that combines traditional "DD" and circular "CC" pads. In regards of coupling parameters and the misalignment impact, a comparison is made between the suggested pad and the double "DD" pad. The system is designed and evaluated utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) using "ANSYS_MAXWELL" program. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed "DD-CC" pad, which offers a strong coupling coefficient of (K) = 0.300 when compare with the DD pad. MATLAB-Simulink is used to simulate a WPT system to transmit power in the range of up to 11.1 KVA over (Z2) distance class. A good efficiency of 99.24% was achieved for the designed charging pad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castellated beams are well contemporarily ascribable to their structural applications. The Castellated beams are manufactured by fragmenting hot-formed rolled section that is of I shape in then it is welded together. The numerical analysis is performed using ABAQUS software. Consequently flexural, shear behavior of Castellated beams, various size and shape of openings provided, depth of openings, usage of different kinds of stiffeners, columns with and without web openings are the attempts made up in different journal papers and he researchers. It is also found that the Finite element analysis of the beam shows better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research work is to present the free vibration analysis of plates composed of one of the materials that have good performance and can be applied in many fields like buildings. Material that has such properties is Functionally Graded Material (FGM). FGM consists of a mixture of ceramics and metals through varying volume fractions, ceramic material as a heat barrier at the high-temperature side, and metal material with rigid properties and high conductivity at the low-temperature side. In this paper, the FGM plate is investigated using the finite element method. We use 3-node Triangular Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components (MITC3), widely used by researchers or commercial software. The MITC3 element is a triangular element that gives good performance to analyze plate problems, especially isotropic plate problems. We performed the numerical analysis to examine the performance and convergence behavior of the MITC3 FGM plate element in the case of rectangular plates with varying length to width ratios, and the results are compared with the reference solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a polymer matrix composite (PMC) which is widely used in Aerospace, automobile and other engineering applications, which is reinforced with fly ash is taken in different weight ratios for manufacturing of Fly wheel cup. The principle target of this paper is to determine the behavior of fly wheel cup which is manufactured by deep drawing process using polymer matrix composite (PMC). In order to find the behavior of finite element analysis technique is used to find the deformation and equivalent elastic strain. Deformation of Fly Wheel Cup was found in the range of 0.0017 m – 0.008 m, and the level of equivalent elastic strain was found in the range 0.0087 – 0.04. And compared the results with Mild Steel, which is presently in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a test problem for verification of the open-source software Code_Aster for the tasks of simulating strain gauge force sensors. Due to complex geometry, strain gauge force sensors are simulated using Finite Element Analysis Software. For robust design and optimization of strain gauge force sensors, their stress-strain state has to be simulated with good accuracy. In this paper, stress-strain state of a number of typical elastic elements used to manufacture strain gauge force sensors was analyzed using Code_Aster and ANSYS as the reference software. The comparison of strains and stresses shows that nodal strains obtained from Code_Aster are in good agreement with those calculated using ANSYS, and the stress results show reasonable agreement. The simulation fidelity and the open-source license of Code_Aster make it a good tool for educational projects and course works devoted to design of strain gauge force sensors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate analytical model of the physical assembled structure is predominantly importance for engineers and designers to be used in predicting the dynamic behaviour of the structure. Powerful tools such as finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental modal analysis (EMA) can be used to determine the dynamic behaviour of the assembled structure. The assembled structure such as automotive structure is normally joined by a number of jointing types such as spot welds, bolts, and adhesive. However due to advancement of the jointing method, the laser jointing method have been significantly used in the automotive industries. However, it is challenging and cumbersome to accurately model a structure that are assembled by a combination of complex types of joints such as laser stitch welds. This is because stitch welds have been discovered as joining method that tends to present the local effect such as structure geometrical irregularities, heat affected zone (HAZ) on the welded areas and also the residual stress that occurs from the laser welding process. In addition, it is challenging to only rely on the prediction of the dynamic behaviour using FE method because predicted results are often found inconsistent with the experimental data. The inconsistencies of the results due to invalid assumptions of laser stitch welds are the significant motivation to the main goal of this paper by investigating the accuracy of the finite element model of the laser stitch welded structure. In this paper, the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the structure are merely to address the local effects due to the laser stitch welds such as geometrical irregularities, HAZ and residual stress that influence the initial prediction of the laser stitch welded structure by producing highly accurate prediction model as close to experimental data. The inclusion of the local effects to the initial FE model are performed in the sensitivity analysis to identify the most sensitive parameters of the laser stitch welded structure. The FE model updating method was employed with corresponding to the measured result for reconciliation purpose. The results revealed that the inclusion of the local effects due to the welding process can significantly improve the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the laser stitch welded structure and the implementation of the sensitivity analysis was successful in correcting the source of error by improving the correlation of the predicted results with experimental counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose using the wave finite element method and genetic algorithms to design periodic waveguide structures with optimal stop-bands. Instead of modelling waveguides using the standard finite element method, we use the wave finite element method to model the waveguides. The wave and finite element method is based on using periodic structure theory and the finite element model of a unit cell of the waveguide to describe the waveguide's motion in terms of wave amplitudes rather than in terms of physical degrees of freedom. This results in a numerically efficient model of the waveguide which can be used in optimisation studies. In particular, the focus of this paper is on the optimisation of stop-bands in the waveguides which leverage this property of periodic structures. Genetic algorithms will be used to optimise the stop-bands. A numerical example where analytical models can be obtained will be used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach and its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study was to replace traditional steel leaf springs with composite materials while maintaining their size and geometry. This paper represents the design and static analysis of the mono leaf-spring. A Metal Matrix composite P100 Gr/6061 Al has been used to compare the existing leaf spring made up of stainless steel. This paper aims to design and perform static structural analysis comparison between mono leaf spring made up of metal matrix composite (MMC) and existing material steel. The structural modeling and finite element analysis [FAE] of mono leaf spring has been performed in Catia v5 R20 software and then imported to the ANSYS 2022 R1 workbench resulting in the improvement of the design of mono leaf spring along with weight reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicle moving on the road is subjected to a continuous source of vibration. A shock absorber in the suspension system is used to isolate the vehicle from the force transmitted by road irregularities. A shock absorber converts vibration into heat energy. This paper deals with the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy by employing a transmission mechanism which is called a mechanical motion rectifier. This mechanism converts linear vibratory motion into unidirectional motion, which is then supplied to the DC generator. A rack and pinion type gear, a one way clutch bearing, and a bevel gear arrangement are used in this mechanism. This paper focuses on the design of the mechanical motion rectifier, which has a compact size. Static structural analysis is carried out for the rack and pinion system to identify displacement by using finite element analysis software. The design based on the mechanical motion rectifier can also be used for other applications for energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a two-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling utilized to simulate experimental testing of reinforced concrete (RC) beams externally strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced laminate (CFRP). Four models of concavely flat and curved soffit RC beams were developed. These beams were simulated to be simply supported and loaded statically up to failure by a mid-span single load. The simulations are undertaken to predict the failure mode and load- carrying capacity and gain further understanding of the influence of curvature on CFRP delamination behavior. In this study, eight experimentally tested RC beams were used for comparison with the FE models. The curved soffit beams were constructed with different degrees of curvature of 5, 10, and 15mm/m. The experimental and FE simulation results showed that specimens with 5, 10, and 15mm/m degree of curvature had an average change in the load -carrying capacity of up to 2.5, 6, and 3%, respectively. Furthermore, simulation results showed the failure mode was CFRP intermediate-span crack- induced (IC) de-bonding as observed experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, damper application for buildings aims to minimize deformation and absorb energy during an earthquake. There are many types of structural dampers: base isolation, hysteretic or metallic, and tuned mass damper. One example of a metallic damper is a fuse damper, which is usually installed in brace members of the building. This paper focuses on the feasibility study of fuse dampers for buildings in seismic areas. The introduced fuse damper is built from a set of steel pipes, 280 mm in length and 21 mm in diameter, and placed at the bracing member. When the earthquake comes, the damper will resist the displacement of the bracing member by absorbing the energy through its plasticity. Three models of the dampers are given based on the number of pipes that are used. The first model uses a single fuse bar, the second uses a double fuse bar, and the third uses a triple fuse bar. The stiffness, maximum strength, and energy of dissipation of each model are statically calculated by an in-house finite element program based on nonlinearities of material and geometry. The results will later be used in dynamic analysis of the building under dynamic load. The building structure is modeled using planar frame elements. For this purpose, the responses of the structure under loading will be determined for each model through a computational program based on a linear finite element analysis. Then, the result will be compared with the structure without a damper to see the damper's effectiveness in controlling the large displacement due to loading. The results show among the three models, the third model gives highest stiffness, maximum elastic strength, and energy of dissipation (53054.3 kN/m, 53.1 kN, and 6.4 kN.m) compared to the previous two models (17407.8 kN/m, 17.4 kN, and 2.1 kN.m for the first model, and 36612 kN/m, 36.6 kN, and 4.3 kN.m for the second model). Then, in dynamic analysis, the third model is also better at controlling the structure's displacement than other models. The maximum displacement of the third model is around 10.4 mm, which is the lowest compared to the first and the second models (53.6 mm and 23.0 mm), and 96.4 mm for the model without using a damper. The results justify the feasibility of the damper to be used for buildings in the seismic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new technologies is a continuous challenge for engineering solutions to remain competitive in the market. Compliant mechanisms are mechanical assemblies that achieve full/partial motion through elastic deformation of compliant parts and provide a valid and highly important alternative to traditional mechanical designs. Accuracy, precision, and resolution are combined with the absence of moving parts in compliant mechanisms. They require no maintenance and can operate in all environmental conditions. The mechanisms are of simple and reliable design, but with the drawback of high manufacturing costs. The recent rapid evolution of additive manufacturing technologies from rapid prototyping to applications in functional products has made the fabrication of complex compliant mechanisms much easier and cheaper, enabling the manufacture of monolithic designs using various innovative materials. The research in this paper deals with the measurement of unwanted parasitic shift of the monolithic rotational compliant mechanism based on spring-stripes using photogrammetric measurement and feature detection. The goal of the research is to determine the applicability of this method for measuring the parasitic shifts of compliant mechanisms. The experimental results obtained by means of this method have been compared to results obtained using finite element analysis and analytical results. It was concluded that the results are in good concordance and that the method is applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent years, some new hybrid isolation systems researched, for instance, the hybrid device consisting of unbonded seismic isolator and shape memory alloy, hybrid fraction yielding elastomeric bearing and rubber bearing with slit damper devices. In this paper, a novel hybrid seismic system which consists of seismic isolator connected with S-shaped steel dampers (SSSDs) is investigated, and a simplified model of that system is proposed. The numerical model of a small masonry house with the simplified model of a novel hybrid system is established in ABAQUS. The simulations and the comparisons of a low-rise masonry house with and without a novel hybrid system are simulated under the earthquake action based on finite element method. The novel hybrid seismic system applied in a low-rise masonry house has more effective protection by adding SSSDs than traditional isolation system. It can be adopted as a reference to improve mechanical capacity of common isolation system and supple the practical application in the practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer ranks second among women's cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths, comprising 15% of all female cancer fatalities. The cause of breast cancer is unknown, but early detection can save lives. In the realm of breast cancer detection, several conventional techniques are utilized, among which mammography holds the status of the gold standard. As it cannot be performed periodically for younger women and women with denser breasts, the likelihood of false positive results increases. As a result, alternative techniques have been studied for over a decade. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers a non-invasive approach to medical imaging, which can be effectively utilized for breast cancer screening. The conductivity, permittivity, and impedance of the breast tissue are inferred from the surface electrode, which differs from that of cancerous tissues. Malignant tissue typically exhibits higher conductivity and lower impedance values compared to benign and healthy tissues. In this paper, an efficient simulation method is used for screening of cancerous tissue using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The forward problem using finite element analysis is solved, and the results show the identification of any abnormality in the breast. In terms of accuracy, precision, mobility, and dependability, the suggested EIT is a great, cost-effective device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro tunnel boring machines (MTBM) are the smaller size of tunnel boring machines for installing pipelines beneath the earth's surface with minimum disturbance to the regular life of the community above the tunneling location. The micro tunneling process is a remotely controlled continuous process to insert the pipes under the ground with the different types of soil and rock conditions using the hydraulic pipe jacking technique. MTMB consists of several components such as cutting shield, shield skin, shaft, bearing, motor, thrust cylinders, slurry pipes, etc., The cutting shield is driven by the shaft that experiences the loads transferred from Earth pressure, water pressure, building loads over the tunneling locations and seismic loads. Also, the shaft may experience sudden jerks during the restarting of the evacuation process. There are many possibilities in failures of cutting blades, shaft, and bearings during the excavation process. The accessibility and repair of failures in micro tunneling are challenging because of the smaller diameter of pipes. Therefore, the shaft is the major driving system that needs to be designed to withstand all the operating loads. In this paper, the major loads acting on the MTBM machine and the loads that transfer to the MTBM shaft are carried out and the shaft design is verified for its safety by Finite Element Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivator is a tractor operated cultivating tool that plough the land by using shovels. In a cultivator shovels are the main critical parts that are used to make the land. Shovels interact with land in such a way that, they are subjected to impact and high friction that causes wear. Hence, it is important to design and optimize the shovel so that its durability is improved. The depth of theshovel depends on the geometry of the blade. This paper presents the use of CREO in designing and optimizing of shovel on the basis of finite element method. The working in present work was done based on geometric parameters such as angle with horizontal axis, tip length, width and radius of the shovel. The results reveals that shovel depth can be increased by increase in the tip length, angle with horizontal axis, radius of shovel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring clip are widely used in modern rail fastening systems. Cyclically varying stress appear in the spring clip when the railway vehicle passes. This leads to fatigue cracks in the spring clip and their subsequent destruction. Thus, increasing the fatigue strength of spring clips is an urgent task in the development of railway transport. The paper considers a spring clip in the fastening of a rail with reinforced concrete sleepers (fastening ZhBR-65). The finite element modeling of the loading process of the ZhBR-65 spring clip has been carried out. The maximum stress intensity σi was 411 MPa. A new design of a spring clip has been developed, in which the arc sleeper sections (adjacent to the sleepers) are made with a barrel-shaped cross-section. The safety factor of the resulting structure is 1.22 times higher than that of the standard ZhBR-65 spring clip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses numerical simulation to examine how coil turns affect the parameters (characteristics) of argon discharges in a 2D axisymmetric inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch operating at 0.02 torr pressure. In this paper we us different number of coils turns (3-6) and a steady power 1500 w. Inductively coupled plasma is a type of radio frequency discharge (RF discharge) In order to optimize the ICP torch, this study develops a mathematical model of balanced discharge by COMSOL using finite element method (FEM) and investigates the number of coil turns' effect on plasma torch characteristics. In this simulation, argon gas was used and a radio frequency of 13.56 x 106Hz on the ICP chamber. The goal of this work is to get a better understanding of the effect of coil on the ICP parameters (number of electron density, electron temperature, number of ion density, number of excited argon density) in a ICP chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel coupling beam is a substantial member in hybrid coupled walls system that greatly enhance the strength and the energy dissipation capacity of the system compared to coupled walls linked by convention reinforced coupling beams and diagonally reinforced coupling beams. To enhance these characteristics even more, a corrugated web may be used instead of the traditional flat web. This paper presents a numerical analysis using finite elements software (ABAQUS) to investigate the nonlinear behavior of both types of steel coupling beams (with flat web and with corrugated web). The effect of initial imperfection on the nonlinear behavior of steel coupling beams was taken into account. The results were compared with the available experimental data of steel coupling beams with the flat web. Good agreement was noticed between the experimental and the numerical results. Among the conclusions drawn in this study is that using a corrugated web as an alternative to a flat web may increase both the strength and the energy dissipation of the steel coupling beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphibious aircraft are needed in many areas in Indonesia that are difficult to reach by air transportation. With this amphibious aircraft, an amphiport is needed for aircraft to land on water. This amphiport requires a lower cost when compared to airport infrastructure. Due to the different landing sites, the load response that occurs on the seaplane structure at the time of landing will be different. In this paper, we will try to predict the pressure that occurs on the surface of the float when the aircraft lands on the water. The prediction is carried out by numerical simulation using software. Numerical simulations were carried out with several variations of angle of attack and several heeling conditions, namely 0, 5, and 10 degrees for trim by bow and trim by stern and 0, 5, 10, and 18 degrees for heeling conditions. This modeling has been verified by sensitivity meshing analysis. From the results of this study, it is obtained that the greater the angle of trim, the greater the maximum pressure that occurs on the surface of the float. Likewise with the heeling condition, the greater the angle of heeling, the greater the maximum pressure that occurs on the surface of the float. A structural assessment using the Finite Element Method (FEM) is recommended to determine whether the float structures are strong enough. The load or pressure obtained from the above research will be applied to the FEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of uncertainties in bridge structural engineering is a growing topic because it provides valuable information on the reliability of bridges in time while addressing life-cycle aspects. Utilization of nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) and Monte Carlo (MC) type simulation is essential for modelling of the concrete bridge random behaviour and its reliability assessments. Generally, a physical problem can be represented by a mathematical model, which depends on input parameters (material characteristics, geometry, etc.). The aim of the stochastic analysis is to propagate uncertainties through a mathematical model to gain statistical information from the output as well as information about the sensitivity of the mathematical model to uncertainties in input variables. However, in bridge engineering, the mathematical model can be quite complex and uncertainty propagation solved by classical MC approach is very difficult to perform as MC type simulation involves large number of numerical evaluations of structural response. Therefore, advanced statistical and reliability techniques, including meta-modelling, have to be applied. The paper describes methodology of such integrated approach for a routine complex assessment utilizing developed software tools and practical application of the approach for selected case studies of concrete bridges from Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of face sheet thickness on the bending behavior of sandwich beams was investigated. The structure used for analyses was a composite sandwich beam with aluminium as skin and epoxy as core. Finite element analysis was carried out on the structure using ABAQUS software. To investigate the bending of the composite beam, three-point bending tests were performed on the material and mid-span deflections were recorded. Different results such as force vs deflection, mass, and Von Mises stress were obtained and analyzed by changing the thickness of core. Research findings revealed that the thickness of beam skin affected its mass and flexural stiffness. Moreover, as the thickness was increased, deflection was decreased if the same force was applied to the beam. As the thickness of the face was increased, beam mass was also increased. Finally, we observed that the beam with the highest thickness had the biggest Von Mises stress when the same deflection was required for different face thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with static analysis of homogeneous as well as FGM (functionally graded material) thin micro/nano piezoelectric plates subjected to static loading. within the higher-grade continuum theory of elasticity. The microscopic structure of material is reflected in this higher-grade continuum theory via one material coefficient called the micro-length scale parameter. Furthermore the material can be composed of two micro-constituents what is included in the employed continuum model by functional gradation of the material parameters through the plate thickness with assuming power-law dependence of volume fractions of micro-constitue nts on the transversal coordinate. The high order derivatives of field variables are eliminated by decomposing the original governing partial differential equations (PDE) into the system of PDEs with lower order derivatives. For the numerical implementation, the strong formulation is proposed with novel Moving Finite Element approximation method of spatial variations of field variables. Several numerical simulations are devoted to study the influence of micro-length scale parameter as well as the parameters of gradation of material parameters on coupled bending and in-plane deformation response modes and also on the electric potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and shape optimization of the automobile brake lever. Finite element analysis was carried out in the finite element tool. The first part of the research was a comparative study of Finite element analysis using real life data collected for polylactide (PLA) samples. The stress and deformations were analyzed on the Brake lever using ANSYS tool so as to compare and achieve safer design. Purpose of the Finite Element Analysis is to optimize the shape of the Brake lever in order to ensure adequate safety and ergonomics of use. The induced stress was well within maximum permissible limits for the material used during its operation. The obtained results have been validated using published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration isolators are highly useful for reducing the amplitudes of oscillations during the operation of the heavy machines in the industries and research laboratories. When the machine operates at the natural frequency of the component resonance takes place, leads to violent oscillations, violent noise causes severe damage of the structure. In order to reduce the transmission of vibrations and minimize the damage of the structure, effective vibration isolators are important and the type of materials also important for optimum operation. In this paper, therefore, total deformation, unidirectional deformation, equivalent elastic strain, maximum principal elastic strain, minimum elastic strain, of spring type vibration isolator (STVI) made of AluminumAlloy(ALY), Gray Cast Iron(GCI) and stainless steel(STS) are calculated by using the finite element analysis. Optimized STVI is the main spring made of SLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design of a strain gauge loadcell with a range of 10 kgf, intended for installation in a test machine. The basic rules used in its design are given. A strength-strain analysis of the elastic element of the loadcell was performed using the finite element method. The steps of production of the loadcell are outlined. The manufactured loadcell is calibrated using the experimental setup described in this paper and the loadcell is built into a test machine. The system for measuring the strength of the test machine is verified, evaluated and classified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Finite Element analysis the size of mesh plays a critical role. It is closely said that accuracy and number of mesh required for the meshing of the element. This paper presents the effect of the von misses and various constraints on the accuracy of the result. On the basis of the papers referred and guidelines obtained for choosing the appropriate mesh size in finite element analysis has been provided and explained about the von misses stress occurred in the model. The web reinforcement should be strengthened enough to carry tension forces as well as compression forces so that the compression wrinkling is avoided. Von mises proves to be the perfect safe value for the designing of composite structures which involves various stress theories and failure criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]