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Concrete is a versatile composite material which due to its beneficial properties e.g., form ability, fast construction process, relatively high compressive strength available in short term, considerable long-term durability, etc. may find usage in many applications throughout different sectors. Dense composite matrix which is, on the one hand, responsible for good mechanical resistance can be, on the other hand, counterproductive in view of excessive dead loading of bearing structures and its high thermal conductivity. In this paper waste expanded polystyrene as a replacement of traditional dense aggregate in concrete production was used. Polymer-based alternative, in the fraction of 2.0/4.0 mm, was applied in amounts of 0-100 vol.%, and its effect on physical, strength and thermal-physical properties on 28 days aged concretes was monitored. Obtained data confirmed combined substantial lightening of produced composites accompanied with improvement of their thermal-insulation function. High dosages of lightweight aggregate in concrete mixes led to significant reduction of their mechanical resistance, however, at balanced portions of polymeric material structural grade concrete may be manufactured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is the most abundant of natural macromolecules in nature, and it can be obtained from the wastepaper. Wastepaper is mainly produced by daily activities such as school and office. This research aims to isolate and characterize the cellulose from wastepaper through the stages of double bleaching/ delignification under stirring and heating. The functional group analysis, crystallinity, and thermal analysis were performed using FTIR, XRD and TGA. Cellulose has some main functional groups, they are –OH stretching, -CH alkane, H-O-H bending, -CH2 bending, -OH bending, -C-O-C asymmetry and β-glycosidic for each wavenumber at 3403, 2902, 1639, 1431, 1373, 1060 and 897 cm−1. Cellulose of wastepaper has a degree of C.I. of 71%, while the onset temperature (Tonset) observed at 292.15 °C. Based on the results, cellulose of wastepaper was successfully isolated through the simple stages proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of human civilization, the material used to create money has changed in conjunction with the advancement of knowledge and the complexity of human life. This study aims to explore the material evolution of money creation as a medium of exchange. The study used a literature review approach to gather information from the Google Scholar, Mendeley, and ScienceDirect databases. This study reveals that human transactions begin with the exchange of goods (barter) and continue with the exchange of goods with agreed-upon valuable commodities (commodity money). The materials used to create money has evolved along with it, starting with gold and silver coins, paper money, electronic money, and cryptocurrencies. The first two are still in use and require materials in creation, whereas the following two are no longer require physical materials in its issuance. Furthermore, money, in all of its physical manifestations, cannot be replaced as a medium of exchange in the present or the future, and its function will continue to expand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Virtual is Reality". Human beings always want to achieve more and more, want to explore more and more. Whether it is an area of Medical Science, Automotive, History Science, or Universe. We are presenting this paper to explore the Digital World's main areas called the Metaverse. Since 2020 during and post-COVID digitization keep pace in almost all domains and now it is part of human life starting with Online New papers to online classes / online medical consultancy, online payments, and many more. COVID restricts human beings, especially tour tourism & traveling, Metaverse is one of the key mantras which make it possible for a human being to travel anywhere without leaving his/ her place. But, does Metaverse has also any restrictions? Does Metaverse have any rule/regulation/policy framework on usage? Does Metaverse meet the service quality? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, as a result of the activities of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, from 90 to 160 thousand tons of solid waste were generated. Lignin sludge is a sludge formed during the wastewater treatment of the plant. The disposal of waste from the production of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill was carried out in specially equipped dumps and storages. In model experiments using the method of solid-phase fermentation, the main patterns of ecological and biochemical processes occurring during the transformation of organic substrates (sludge-lignin, sawdust) were established; substrates were obtained for creating soil-ground. To develop the optimal composition of fertile mixtures from sludge-lignin after solid-phase fermentation, experiments were carried out to create artificial soils with different ratios of the resulting soils. The content of heavy metals in ready mixtures is much less than the concentrations specified in the regulations when using organic fertilizers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant is 1.7) to obtain the Return loss and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant is 3.6) which was designed at 2.4GHz. The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness as 1.6mm (Group1) and with the thickness 1.4mm (Group 2) and patch antenna which uses Paper substrate with thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and with the thickness 1.6mm (Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis using SPSS. The significance p<0.05, indicates that the antenna performance is good. The Experimental results show that the Jean substrate antenna (1.6 mm) which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the Return loss of -0.0338dB and (1.4 mm) is having Return loss of -0.006dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate (1.6 mm) having Return loss of -0.0756dB and paper substrate (1.4 mm) is having Return loss of -0.037dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its Return loss parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant - 1.7) at 2.4GHz and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant - 3.6). The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness of 1.6mm (Group1) and 1.4mm (Group 2) and the Paper substrate Antenna with the thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and 1.6mm(Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS software. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis. If significance p<0.05, then it indicates that the performance of the Antenna is good. The antenna directivity analysis is done for 2 GHz to 2.8 GHz. The Experimental results shows that the jean substrate antenna which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the directivity of 2.31dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate having directivity of 2.2dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its directivity parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present world of advanced technology, we are entering a new era of computer technology, the full form of IoT being the Internet of Things. The Internet, a revolutionary invention, is constantly evolving into some new kind of hardware and software that has made it inevitable for everyone. IoT is a kind of global neural network in the cloud that allocates a lot. The communication system we see is person-to-person or device-to-person, but the IoT offers better future for the Internet, where communication type is machine-to-machine (M2M). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT display and its enabled technology and sensor network. This paper covers the subject matter, features, basic requirements and applications of IoT. The primary purpose of this research paper is to deliver an idea of the development and use of the IoT, its structure and advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present scenario, the world has a greatest interest in moving from petroleum products to non-conventional energy sources. The non-conventional energy is very popular in these days because it is cost effective solution for providing energy to the rural area where it is difficult to provide electricity. Generation of electricity through non-conventional sources is pollution free, contamination free energy, limit carbon impression and nursery outflows and guarantee energy security. This paper describes the stability study of distribution generation system under varying loading condition. This study work describe that how to maintain stable output of hybrid system by using FACT devices [2]. Firstly the capacity to meet the heap necessities from solar standalone system is dissected after that hydro standalone system is analyzed. Following this the feasibility examination of a hybrid system (solar and hydro) energy sources has been completed [8]. The important objective work of this paper is to investigate, how maximum and stable power is achieve by using latest techniques in hybrid (solar and hydro) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used lubricant becomes an issue for environment due to disposal techniques and reuse of it through filtering process is the best technique. This paper tried to determine the characteristics of physical and tribological properties of used lubricant from a filtering process. The used lubricant was collected in service from a car engine after running about 6000 km. A Whatman filter paper was used to reduce impurities in used lubricant. The used lubricants were characterized physically to determine kinematic viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point and tribologically to measure wear rate, CoF, surface texture, scar width of disc, and scar diameter of pin using pin on disc apparatus. The results were compared with virgin oil and they show that the physical and tribological properties of used lubricant were decreased compared to virgin oil. The tribological properties of used oil were good lubrication at a speed of 1400 rpm than 500 rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching technical writing to engineering researchers particularly post graduate students is a demanding and complex task. Often the challenge faced by the language instructor is in having inadequate understanding on students' expected writing output which is engineering research publication. While the language instructors may find the language use aspect manageable, it is the understanding on expected writing output for engineering discipline that is a challenge; therefore, supporting language module developers to understand those expected outputs is essential and needed for the advancement in language teaching. In view on the need for the description of the targeted output which is engineering publication, this study focuses on supporting the understanding of engineering research publication specifically on drones. This study is aimed to describe the perimeter of research publication on drones written by prolific engineering writers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method which is based on identifying the core research and authors, as well as the works that cited them. This study examines 275 research publications indexed in SCOPUS database and also investigates 1947 research publications that cited the 275 publications as reference source. The findings show that the publications are mostly articles, conference papers and reviews deriving mostly from the US, China and the UK whereas the citing documents are mostly from China, the UK and the US. This paper presents the description on the perimeter for both groups. Such description provides a ready narrative to language instructors as well as ready narratives and guidance on writing/content dimension for young scholars embarking on writing scholarly articles on drone research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the manufacture of nylon-dithizon membranes for the early detection of lead heavy metal using the vacuum impregnation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the manufacture of nylon dithizon membranes and test strips as dithizonate complexes as an early detection of lead heavy metal. Making nylon-dithizon membrane by dissolving 50 mg of dithizon with 100 mL of chloroform and the addition of 50 mg of SrCl2 then stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm as the working solution. After that, the solution was impregnated into a 0.20 m nylon membrane using a Buchner vacuum, after which it was carried out for 12 hours in a fume hood. The dithizon strip test was carried out using the colorimetric method, namely observing color changes that occur with the naked eye (qualitative test) with variations in concentration and pH. In this study, the optimum pH in the formation of the dithizone-Pb complex was obtained, namely pH 8 with a dark orange color. The minimum concentration on the indicator strip made was 0.05 with a visible color of faded orange, while the time reached for complex formation at a concentration value of 0.05 ppm was 520 seconds (Faded Orange). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous human activities and a rapidly growing world population are increasing the demand for freshwater. Fresh water production relies heavily on the use of conventional fuels and is associated with environmental pollution, leading to the need to look for other alternatives such as clean energy (solar energy). There are many villages and rural areas in the world without access to clean water. Many desalination systems have been developed to address this shortcoming. This study describes strategies for increasing clean water solar energy productivity that are currently in commercial and experimental development stages. Solar stills are the most prudent method for delivering new water since they just sudden spike in demand for the energy of the sun, which is promptly accessible in nature. The focus is on technologies that can be used independently, especially those that can be integrated into solar thermal systems. The results show that the solar thermal distillation yield is inversely proportional to the basin water depth and is directly related to the wind speed in the absorbing region, the temperature of the glass covers and the incident solar radiation. Add to the technology used inside and outside the system to improve productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted in Al-Zafaraniya area, southeast of Baghdad, on the Al-Rusafa side, and is one of the largest residential sectors within Baghdad, with a population of about 650,000 and characterized by deferent activities. Four sampling sites were selected, and codes A, B, C, and D were given to represent site-1 industrial activity sites, site-2 service workshops, site-3 commercial activity, and site-4 residential areas, respectively. Street dust particles samples were collected using wooden tools and paper bags, three points were selected from each site, the samples were mixed, and 1 kg was taken to separate and analyze molecules, nature forms, composition, and interaction between their sources. The results of mechanical separation by vibrating soil sieve showed that these remaining consist of several sizes and weight categories resulting from the following form (greater than 2000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 150, and less than 53) μm and (108.90, 118.63, 219.88, 191.93, 32.16, 247.58, 3.96) g/kg, respectively. Laboratory tests using polarized microscope technology showed that dust particle components varied from artificial, organic, inorganic, minerals, synthetics substances, and biological residents. When examining the forms of its, they appeared to be different shapes as well as stellar, needles and serrated shapes, sharp angles, and irregular edges, as well as the usual spherical and smooth-edged soil particles. When comparing the values of the 7th category, which constitutes the danger reservoir between the street dust particles because it can turn into suspended and accumulated dust, we find that its values (A 4.8, B 2.86, C 1.2, and D 7.0g/kg) hence find that, the highest value (7.0 g) was recorded in the residential site-D, and this gives an indication that the wastes of other sites move to the residential sites and accumulate in them in large quantities, which exposes the public health and components of the ecosystem to many risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different methods and application rates of an inoculum powder of sunflower Phoma rot pathogen Plenodomus lindquistii Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley for an artificial infection of seeds in the laboratory in soil were studied, the results are presented. The following methods of application of Phoma inoculum powder into soil were studied: into row, mixtures with soil, and on the bottom of a growth tray covered with a filter paper under soil. The application rates of an inoculum powder were 2.5 and 5.0 g per a row of 11 cm length; 5.0 and 10.0 g per 600 g of soil – mixing with soil and on the bottom of the growth tray. The method of application of the inoculum powder into a row in a rate of 5.0 g when the most seeds perished before sprouting were considered to be an optimal one. The sunflower infection with Phoma rot pathogen was weak in variants where pathogen powder was mixed with soil or placed under soil on the bottom of the growth tray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owed to the enormous advantages like easy disposable, flexible and low cost, eco-friendly performance of paper substrate, microfluidics has expanded a new attention on the flexible substrate in the research field of environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and food safety analysis applications. Diverse properties of paper and fluid transport mechanism on paper substrate are some crucial facilitating parameters which are used on the fabrication of functional flexible microfluidic device applications in an effectual and analytical way. Transport of any fluids on paper substrate does not require any external force because of the capillary action behavior on paper surface. When drops of fluid at the first time touch the paper substrate surface, it penetrates the paper surface radially. Radial capillary transport used in our daily life using different circumstances such as when ink, water and wine spreads in paper or cloths, rain drops in soil, and dye into yarn. Here, the attention/foundation of work is fluid transport on the texture of WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper which is commonly used in microfluidic applications as claimed by the previously published articles. In this work, an experimental study is presented on capillary transport in radial direction to understand the texture of the WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of paper waste during the general elections is a consumptive behavior and can damage the environment. In the 2018 Pilkada, there were 54 million unused ballots due to the lack of public participation in each Pilkada. In addition, various ballot manipulations make reduced data integrity. The Custom E-Voting Application is an electronic voting system application for general elections with the application of Blockchain technology to increase security using the Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer platforms. The application of this technology can replace conventional paper-based voting systems and databases. This application uses a distributed database so that the database is more secure and maintained its integrity. The results of E-Voting can be seen by voters so that transparency for voters. This application can be implemented in several elections that require transparency of the results with the election time can be set as needed. The problem that is the focus of this research is the proof of the concept of blockchain technology with existing tools and system performance testing. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide an overview of the viability of blockchain technology to handle cases such as the general elections that are critical, massive, and simultaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater contaminated with arsenic poses several health risks to humans. It is necessary to monitor arsenic levels in water sources periodically. Microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip systems are miniaturized, cost effective analytical tools that can be used to detect a variety of chemical and biological compounds. Herein, we report the development of a paper-based sensor using gold nanoparticles for the detection of arsenic levels as low as 5 ppb. The amount of colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles required for analyzing a few microliters of samples is very low further reducing the costs. The limit of detection of arsenic was substantially extended in the study by capturing images after magnification via Foldscope, a pocket microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignosulfonate is produced as a waste in the production of paper. Its sodium variant is used in the construction industry as a plasticizer and stabilizing additive in natural-based adhesives. It consists of components that have been subjected to ecotoxicity testing under REACH as individual components (sodium salts C14-16-alkanehydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulfonic acids, sodium hydroxide, octhilinone), not as a whole mixture. Therefore, ecotoxicological tests of the sodium lignosulfonate were performed in this study to assess environmental safety (100 mg/L). Testing was performed on four organisms: algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae), mustard (Sinapis alba) in acute aquatic tests. The results indicate stimulation of parameters in all model organisms, toxicity was not demonstrated. Therefore, sodium lignosulfonate probably acted as an eutrophicator in aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The currencies of nations have always been transforming throughout the human history. From gold and silver coins to simple coins and paper money then eventually to digital money. The evolutionary period of currency includes both physical and legal extent. With the digital revolution, the evolution of currencies is inevitable. The first attempt at a digital currency was not Bitcoin, but it has been the most successful digital currency and it is now accepted by many major retailers. This report contains a brief description of the evolution of cryptocurrencies, their types, and how and when the prices of different currencies rose. The comprehensive study of the volatility of the market and when to buy or sell the currencies hold the major share throughout the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day face detection & facial expression recognition is one of the major challenging problemin the field of image processing. It is a challenging issue as human color, pose, expression, and orientation varies with regions. Therefore, to detect face & facial expression we need to accept different models & techniques. Detection of different facial expression based on movement of eyes, position of nose & nose tail, gradient of eye brows, movement of lips etc. Detection of facial expression can be done with the help of any neural network or fuzzy logic. This paper reviews different techniques of face detection & facial expression recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting system plays an important role in any democratic country. Vote means to elect the best political pioneer. In India, currently two types of voting systems are depleted, which are secret Ballet paper and Electronic Voting Machines(EVM), but both of them have severalrestrains. The current voting system is jeopardizing, voters visits poolingbooth and stand in long line up to cast their votes, because of which there are possibilities that many people miss their chance of voting. Additionally, social gathering isn't much preferred in this COVID-19 situation. Voters who are ineligible may also use fraudulent methods to cast their ballots, which may result in hardship. Therefore, in this project, we suggest a voting system that is efficient and has three layers of security. The verification of the voter's unique identification number (UID) comes first, then the verification of their election identification number (EID), and finally the verification of their face, which is the highest level of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing population growth has an impact on increasing waste production which is not balanced with the number of trash cans in urban areas. The cleaning staff plays an important role in monitoring the contents of the trash cans so that there is no pile of garbage that can carry various types of diseases. Monitoring the contents of trash cans carried out by cleaning staff at Kuntum Cemerlang School is still done manually, so it takes a long time to monitor all the contents of trash cans in the surrounding environment. If the trash can is empty or contains only a small amount of trash, then this will waste time and cause delays in disposing of waste to the waste bank. The purpose of this research is to implement an Arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor based on the Internet of Things (IoT) so that the time spent by cleaners to monitor the contents of trash cans is more effective. The design of the tool starts from an ultrasonic sensor that is connected to an arduino uno based on the internet of things (IoT) using the blynk application service on a smartphone. android. The data from the ultrasonic sensor will be transmitted to database the blynk applicationvia the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module so that the blynk application will display height information from the contents of the trash can. This study resulted in three conditions of the height of the contents of the trash can, namely: still empty, almost full and already full. If the trash can is full, the janitor will receive an email and the led light on the blynk application will turn red. System testing was carried out internally using paper waste with the conclusion that the monitoring system carried out in the study was more efficient than manual monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing buildings without a fire alarm monitoring system need an alternative installation cost-effective, flexible, and scalable and will not affect the building's aesthetics. In place of the conventional fire alarm monitoring system, an Internet of Things (IoT)fire sensor nodes were designed to monitor each room's temperature and analog CO level and deploy through point to point technique. An IoT fire alarm monitoring system using a wireless sensor network was developed through which real-time data of temperature and analog CO level were obtained from the fire sensor nodes. The IoT fire sensor nodes were deployed from rooms LB384 to LB387. Each room has a node, and each node has its designated Internet Protocol (IP) address. The data can be easily obtained and accessed through the cloud web server, and each IoT fire sensor node will send a notification to the user of the room through the IoT ThingSpeak monitoring widget. The IoT fire alarm monitoring system reduced the installation time and did not require significant building renovations based on the assessment. With the advancement of IoT, fire detection could then be realized such that people within buildings can have a good understanding of the safety of their living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the fabrication and high-temperature mechanical properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) based on preceramic papers with Ti3Si(Al)C2 and Ti3Al(Si)C2 powder fillers. The FGMs with different architectures were fabricated by spark plasma sintering at a temperature of 1050°C and a pressure of 50 MPa. Mechanical testing of composites at 25℃ and 1050℃ demonstrated the brittle to plastic transition of fracture mechanism. At 1050 ℃ FGMs demonstrated strain for up to 1.5 % and flexural strength about 200 MPa. Due to migration of Al from A-site of MAX-phases and formation of Al2O3 a crack healing was noted after high-temperature mechanical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis is a technique for extracting feelings, emotions, and points of view from texts that have been made publicly available through various data sources, such as social media. In the mid-2000s, the term "sentiment analysis" became widespread, and it peaked in 2019. The SCOPUS database shows a positive research trend in sentiment analysis research during the last 10 years (2012–2021). While conference papers accounted for 49.6 percent of this research, journal articles accounted for 38.8 percent of overall production. The United States is the country with the most paper publications in this research area. The majority of the technologies investigated in this study can identify positive, negative, and neutral polarity. Twenty prominent and widely accessible tools for sentiment analysis available on the Internet were examined, only a few of them are completely free, while some of them do provide a limited-featured free version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal failure is often detected when it has reached the last stage. The amount of cystatin C in blood serum can be used as a biomarker for early identification of renal function failure. This work reported a fast and environmentally friendly microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to determine the amount of cystatin C in the artificial blood serum samples. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by capping the surface of AuNPs with papain to form AuNPs-papain. The aggregate of functionalized AuNPs-papain and Cu2+ ion could be formed due to coordination interaction between Cu2+ ion and papain attached to AuNPs. In the presence of cystatin C, the amount of aggregate decreased because the functionalized AuNPs-papain would bind easily with cystatin C as the substrate of papain. The intensity of aggregate on μPAD was scanned using a paper scanner. The difference intensity of aggregate in the presence of cystatin C was proportional to the concentration of cystatin C in the artificial blood serum sample. The linearity range obtained by this work was 0.5-10.0 mg/L with regression of y=0.3302x+3.488 and linearity of r2=0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.511 (3xSD/slope) and 2.044 mg/L (12xSD/slope), respectively. The linearity range and the LOD were wide enough to detect cystatin C in normal people or people with renal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a type of cellulose produced by bacteria in a glucose-based medium that has more advantages than plant cellulose. The production of cellulose powders, however, has the characteristics affected due to physical treatments; thus, the objective of this research was to produce BC powder for use in paper production. BC was produced by agitation with oxygen flow at various rotational speeds to obtain a fragmented BC phase. BC samples were dried by a spray dryer to produce powder for paper making. The characterization of BC powder and paper samples was done by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological results showed optimum BC was produced at 300 rpm rotation speed with a 405.2 g yield, while the FTIR spectrum confirmed that the material is a cellulosic compound. TGA characterization of the optimum sample displayed thermal stability at 330 °C in the thermal analysis. Among the variations in rotational speed, the 300 rpm sample led to the highest Young's modulus value, 878 MPa, and the most improved surface morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the physico-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of a rubber compound by substituting precipitated rice husk silica (RHS) for N347 carbon black in this paper. Throughout the experiment, 100% Carbon black (Compound-A) (CB:70phr) was replaced with 100% RHS (Compound-B) (RHS:70phr). We also investigated 50% carbon black replacement with 50% RHS (Compound-C) (CB:RHS:35:35Phr), and increasing total amount of filler (Compound-D) (CB:RHS:35:45Phr) by increasing RHS. The cure characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of compounds were studied. The study revealed that replacing N347 carbon black with RHS (Compound-C) by 50% resulted in comparable physical properties, higher rebound resilience at 100°C, lower heat buildup, higher abrasion resistance index, and lower dynamic modulus and tan delta. A recipe containing more filler (Compound-D) improved dynamic modulus at the expense of some elongation at break. In applications where dynamic modulus is not as important, this sustainable filler could be used as a 50% replacement for N347 carbon black, with improved heat build-up, rolling resistance, and abrasion loss. If dynamic modulus is a concern, a higher amount of total filler could be used by increasing RHS, resulting in improved heat build-up, rolling resistance, and abrasion loss when compared to a 100% carbon black compound. However, elongation at break has been sacrificed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation of Automated Centralized Certificate Management System based on Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME) protocol within the Academic Scientific Research Computer Network of Armenia (ASNET-AM). Digital certificates are one of the major instruments, used for most network services today. The work done in ASNET-AM is based the recent availability of free wildcard SSL/TLS certificates from some certificate authorities (CA) like LetsEncrypt. The concept of implementing automated centralized certificate system was presented at CSIT 2019 Conference and this paper summarizes its implementation done during past years. The system described is now actively used in production and provides centralized secure and automated digital certificates service for different types of ASNET-AM network services such as web servers, mail servers, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most nations, lung cancer (LC) is the main cause to mortality cases occurring due to tumors to males and females. Lung nodules (masses) are recognized through digital technologies support precise diagnosis using medical imaging techniques such as CT-scan, X-rays and MRI. As the nodules are normally connected to the blood vessels, identification of lung nodules is a difficult task. Several studies illustrate that diagnosing or detecting such cases earlier is regarded the best successful method to counter this disease. Many systems have been developed that automatically identify lung tumors by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pattern recognition methods. Despite the encouraging consistency of the classification, none of these schemes have set their course in clinical practice, which also concerns the lack of clarity concerning the process of taking decisions. In this paper, we present a systematic mapping study on lung tumors recognition. After four sorting methods, we obtained 375 relevant studies in total. After applying four filters manually, 48 papers as primary studies related to the main topic are selected as listed in Appendix (A). The selected papers classified them with respect to several facets. The results provide an overview of the existing relevant studies in reported in the literature, highlight focus areas and research gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrophotography is a process of digital printing in which master is stored and processed as a digital file. This process was invented by Chester Floyd Carlson who was an American physicist. Various developments in this process have resulted in improved print quality. Depending upon the type of toner used, Electrophotography can be classified into two types: 1) Liquid Toner Electrophotography 2) Dry Toner Electrophotography. Toner particle size of Dry Toner Electrophotography is equal to or larger than 5 µm and that of Liquid Toner Electrophotography is equal to or smaller than 2 µm. This study was conducted to analyze the print quality of Liquid Toner and Dry Toner Electrophotography process on the basis of Print Contrast and Dot Gain. Good Print Contrast represent good details in the shadow area. Low Dot Gain helps in controlling unintentional density increase resulting in reproduction of halftone details appropriately. This study was conducted on presses using Liquid Toner and Dry Toner Electrophotography Technology for generating prints. HP Indigo 5600 was used for Liquid Toner Electrophotography prints and Xerox Versant 2100 was used for Dry Toner Electrophotography prints. Prints were taken on Gloss Coated Paper having grammage of 200 GSM. Total 100 (50 each) sheets were printed using both technologies. X-rite exact Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the results. For this study, Print Contrast is measured at 80 % tonal value and Dot Gain is measured at 50 % tonal value. Results of this study shows that Print Contrast of Cyan, Magenta and Yellow color is lesser and that of Black color is higher for the samples printed by Liquid Toner Electrophotography. Dot Gain of Magenta and Black Color is lower and that of Cyan and Yellow color is similar for the samples printed by Liquid Toner Electrophotography. Consistency of Print Contrast and Dot Gain is higher for the samples printed by Liquid Toner Electrophotography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the technological progress in the field of wood polymer nanocomposites have played a significant role. It has been successfully overcome many disadvantages of wood product such as poor dimensional stability, poor mechanical strength, susceptibility and poor thermal stability. Due to the modification of softwood, we are able to find the substitution of costliest hardwood. In the addition of vinyl monomer and thermosetting resin with different cross linking reagents, we can easily develop the properties of wood. Due to its low cost and multi functionality softwood have a broad application in different fields of wood polymer nanotechnologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate methanol energy unit (DMFC) is the substitution of lithium-particle batteries in practically every one of the convenient electronic devices, in which current DMFCs work at double the force thickness of current lithium-particle batteries with moment refuel capability. It's realized that, the DMFC will give higher force densities, just if the center of this power module – the polymer electrolyte layer (PEM) – were more impervious to the fuel (methanol). In this way, the plan and improvement of Nafion® (the most ordinarily utilized PEM in energy components) substitutes that show high proton's conductivity and little methanol porousness (high selectivity) is a functioning space of examination. Polymer mixes are a humble and worthwhile strategy to advance layers that conjoin the ideal vehicle properties. Until now, there is fractional exploration in the space of PEM mixes, and besides, various uncertain inquiries. In this investigation, the properties of mix organization, science, and handling on polymer morphology and thereafter the vehicle properties and selectivity were analyzed. A significant impact in this investigation is correlation arrangement of cast films to warm squeezed layers. The last target is to coordinate with both the layers to furnish immiscible mixes with low selectivity, while likewise with the writing review tempered arrangement cast layers improved miscibility and thusly selectivity. The result with this examination is to discover the DMFC Execution of a strengthened arrangement cast mix layer of Nafion®/poly (vinyl liquor) (PVA) (with just 5 wt% PVA) was 33% higher than Nafion® (the business standard) at a high methanol fuel fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water quality can be shown in physical, chemical and biological indicators. The presence of phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator to evaluate changes in water quality and fertility in a water. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biological index of phytoplankton in the Ir.H. Djuanda Reservoir. The method used is a survey. Types of phytoplankton obtained in the results of the study consisted of 6 classes and 36 species. The average abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Ir. H. Djuanda ranged from 23809 – 98810 cells/l. The results of the analysis of diversity (H') = 1.78 – 2.53, uniformity index (E) = 0.62 – 0.8 and dominance index (C) = 0.12 – 0.28. These results indicate that the diversity of phytoplankton in the Ir. H. Djuanda has moderate diversity, high uniformity and no dominance. Based on the value of the diversity index, it shows that the reservoir is classified as lightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues have been a crucial concern in every global sector. One sector that might cause environmental problems is the financial sector. Surrounding issues come from various factors such as the usage of fossil fuels that lead to global warming and climate change which slowly assassinate human beings. This article will focus on efficiency comparison between using paper money, plastic cards and cryptocurrency. The main goal is to prove which of the three financial payments is the most energy-efficient in the past, present, and future. The parameters used in this study are electricity usage and CO2 emissions. The whole analysis is based on a quantitative-descriptive method which provides in depth analysis of electricity usage and CO2 emissions level among financial equates from every generation. Even though plastic cards have the highest efficiency level initially, over time, cryptocurrency is going revolutionary, making them more efficient than paper money and plastic cards. This proves that cryptocurrency could be the most energy-efficient payment method in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the design of conventional controllers, which can be used for the control of non-linear systems to provide a desired level of a process tank. The nonlinear systems take's up for the study is Hopper tanks because of its use in the field of Pharmaceutical, Petro chemical, water treatment and paper making industries. Its non-linearity is due to the cross-sectional behavior of the process. It consists of two parts Conical Tank for easy flow of solid, viscous liquids and a cylindrical tank for storage of materials. It is used for the evacuation of products without wastage is possible. The closed loop performance is determined to obtain the desired level control using conventional PI, controllers for various tuning methods. The major advantage of this method is simplicity. Simulation results using MATLAB software to determine the outperformance of controller techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 21st century people are habituated with using all kind of smart devices. Many researchers have been done in last decade to make the human life more comfortable and convenient. Smart devices play a vital role to ensure the comfort to our daily life and simultaneously it makes the system more energy efficient and accurate. In this paper the smart IoT based washing machine source of the supply comprises with three different segments: 1. Conventional power source, 2. Solar power, 3. Battery back-up that's why the prototype is named as Tribrid. The washing machine can consume electrical power for all the time whenever it requires. So, this prototype can easily solve the problem of interruption in power supply. Now, to make the motor more energy efficient brushless dc motor (BLDC) is used instead of using the conventional motor, this reduces the power consumption of the device when it is connected to the supply main. Application of Internet of Thing (IoT) makes the device smart. That means this prototype can be controlled or monitor from the remote location. The prototype is light in weight so it is portable too; this helps the consumer to move the device from any end of the house to anywhere. It is expected that this prototype will helps to reduce both the water and electrical energy consumption easily and the smartness will add some extra comfort to the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of technology, online data is increasing enormously in various forms be it images, videos, texts, sound, etc. Now with increasing data, there arises the issue of storage and that's the time when Bigdata and its tools come into the picture. To analyze the big data and process it with the available traditional methods, becomes an extremely strenuous task. And to overcome this drawback, there are various big data tools and techniques available. Some of the techniques that are used to analyze big data are the techniques of data mining such as clustering, classification, division, and prediction. The tools that are used in analyzing the big data are MongoDB, NoSQL, HPCC, Apache Storm, Spark, Apache Hadoop, also these tools are used in handling big data. In this paper, analysis of big data tools and techniques has been done with different examples and instances. To understand the tools better, their summaries along with examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption techniques are important on the Internet. The challenges of color-coding are still hot topics. Many papers were published to develop encryption algorithms to prevent security attacks. Cryptography is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext. It is classified into two types: symmetric encryption, which uses the same key for encryption and decryption processes; and asymmetric encryption, which uses private and public keys. Text to image color coding needs to encrypt text data into colors. Researchers proposed different techniques to implement this approach to safeguard text data against attacks. This work compares various types of text to image encryption and decryption techniques based on the RGB and CMYK color values and provides a comparison between them using various parameters such as application, program language, type of image, number of keys used, image dimension used, encryption and decryption processing time, advantage and disadvantage, image size used, evaluation measures, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech Emotion Recognition is an amazing field of research in current days. Speech Emotion Recognition is an innovative technology with numerous applications that can be used in our day-to-day life. This review paper, mainly focused on some parameters such as: feature vector size, feature selection, classifiers and experimental approach for categorizing the different emotional states. To explore this research, we also focused on the dataset which is studied out by IITKGP-SEHSC in Hindi speech. This study reviews the different emotion states Happy, Anger, Neutral, Fear, Disgust, Sad, Sarcastic and Surprise by using the Hindi speech data as an input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, which can lead to chronic renal failure in patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by abnormalities and loss of kidney function. Early detection of nephropathy can prevent the progression of this disease to CKD. In this work, both albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CRE) were used as biomarkers for detecting albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) using paper-based analytical devices (PADs) by applying the alkaline picrate and bromocresol purple (BCP) reagents as the reagent solutions. ALB detections were performed by a dye-binding method using BCP reagent resulted in the color change from yellow to purple, while CRE detection was based on the Jaffe reaction using picric acid in an alkaline solution resulted in the color change from yellow to orange. The color changes were photographed by a digital camera and the pictures' color intensity (RGB) were evaluated using ImageJ. The ACR in artificial samples was measured using the calibration curve constructing by plotting logarithmic of ACR (mg g−1) against the Δ intensity ALB/CRE ratio. The accuracy of ACR determination in artificial samples were found in the range of 75.70 – 99.98%, whereas their standard deviations were in the range of 0.01 – 0.02, showing relatively good accuracy and high precision of the proposed method. The detection limits (LOD) for albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CRE) were 8.2 mg.dL−1 and 5.1 mg.dL−1, respectively. The fast, cheap, and easy-to-use method for ACR detection could be attributed to the proposed method. Additionally, it has relatively good accuracy and high precision, and it can potentially be used as an alternative technique for early detecting or screening kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the research trend of interconnection of computational thinking and mathematics. Data analysis used bibliometric mapping analysis method. Related articles analyzed were searched from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using Publish or Perish software. Furthermore, data analysis using VOSviewer software. The results show that: (1) research on the interconnection of mathematics and computational thinking has increased significantly in the last five years, (2) the number of articles in Google Scholar indexed journals is more than Scopus indexed journals, but the number of citations in Scopus indexed journals is much higher than Google Scholar indexed journals and conference papers, (3) David Weintrop is the most cited author on mathematics and computational thought, with 77.40 citations/year, (4) there are many network clusters between authors with members ranging from two to eight authors, (5) There are many research theme cluster networks used by the authors in the last three years, with the focus of recent research linking mathematics and computational thinking with critical thinking, mathematical literacy, and computational thinking abilities. The results of this study can be used as a basis and inspiration for further research on mathematical interconnection and computational thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high densities of energy, power, and remarkable operational efficiency of Li-on battery when in contrast to Lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries are examples of other types of batteries. Vehicles, electronics, aircraft, and other industries are all interested in lithium-ion batteries right now. However, some critical variables, such as performance degradation under extreme driving circumstances due to temperature difference in the lithium-ion cell, limit its usefulness. As a result, it's important to decide the optimal course of action based on the consequences of heat generation on various lithium-ion cell components. This paper looked at how heat is generated and how it affects each component of a li-ion battery. An analysis of different heat-controlling systems employing various design structures in numerous techniques of cooling such as liquid convection, phase transition material, air Convection and a combination of these techniques are used. Finally, utilizing a variety of design frameworks, a summary is created [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of leading countries, digital transformation implies a sectoral principle of support for the introduction of new technologies. At the same time, programs and projects can be built both on the principle of implementing a single promising group of in several industries, where it is especially relevant, and, conversely, provide for the digital transformation of a particular industry through the forceful introduction of a multitude of technologically diverse solutions demanded in a given sector of the economy or social sphere. of a given sector of the economy or social sphere. Digital transformation affects a wide range of industries and organizations, from the most advanced in terms of digital adoption (e.g., financial services) to the more conservative real sector; this paper examines digital transformation in the agro-industrial complex (agriculture). The key task of digital transformation of agriculture is to extract value from the collected big data about the internal and external environment. The foundation for this is cloud platforms, big data solutions, predictive analytics technologies, and decision support systems decision support systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing development and improvement of low-power wireless communication technologies enable many new applications to emerge on an Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main areas of healthcare research including new IoT programs to enhance both quality and access to healthcare and smart services; in this paper, we present the IoT hybrid health care monitoring system that integrates Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless networks technologies into a single platform that provides patient location, status, and tracking. Despite the great potential of such technologies to increase quality and experience and lower the cost of health care. The paper aims to address the complexities of RFID implementation in healthcare on patient safety through a literature review. Our primary findings indicate that the major obstacles to adoption are high adoption costs, protection and privacy-related concerns, and human security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical strain gauge has been used widely in many applications, such as experimental strength of materials and structural health monitoring because of their low cost and durability in making measurements. Recently, a few new sensors have been developed using the constantan alloy to enhance the sensor's response and sensitivity. However, researchers have noticed that electrical conductive paints alternate their electrical resistance when subjected tomechanical strain. This conductivity is given by the conductive network created by the conductive particles in the paint mixture. The conductive network is then altered as a result of the mechanical deformation, changing the material's electrical properties. This research aims to study the effect of the paper-based strain sensor when the carbon electrical conductive paint is used as a sensor coil in the sensor. We studied the changes in the electrical resistance R as the length of the sensor changed according to the applied strain. The conductive paint was applied on 80gsm A4 printing paper. There are three sensor designs that have been studied. For the first method, the gauge factor for design one is 0.67, the second design gives 0.33 for the gauge factor, and the gauge factor for the third design is 0.50. The design that is suitable for the fabrication of the paper-based strain sensor is design 1 because it has the highest sensitivity compared to other designs. However, the sensor's sensitivity must be enhanced by doing more research to produce a better sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]