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There are innumerable methods for solving continuous beams, including the slope and deflection method, the moment distribution method, the flexibility matrix method, and the stiffness matrix method. Each method has its own identity. The final results of all four methods are shear force, bending moment, slope, and deflection. Even if all approaches yield the same result. The issue now is the time duration of those methods. One assessment should take approximately over thirty minutes to complete. Another issue is that the entire analysis will be repeated even if only one parameter is changed. Computer-based analysis is the best solution to all of these problems. Python is a computer programming language that has recently gained popularity due to its syntax simplicity. The code can be executed as soon as it is written in this case. A four-span continuous beam will be analyzed using Python in this paper, and the results will be compared to the conventional stiffness method. Initially, inputs are sent to Python using finite element procedures. The analysis is performed with Numpy, and the results are printed. Numpy is a Python library that is capable of performing all mathematical analysis, particularly on arrays and matrices. The analysis in this paper is carried out using Google colab as a plot form and Numpy as a tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in the field of physics gave birth to remote sensing for analyzing climate problems effectively and smoothly in form of providing vulnerable and significant data. Mathematics and statistics play a pivot role in the succeeding domains to cater to data analysis in a structured and lucid manner. This paper incubates a climate-related study with the help of enrichments in mathematics and physics. The paper states clearly all about the temperature profile of an Indian city, Ajmer. The incorporation of data from 2011 to 2020 depicts a good picture of land skin temperature as a result. Duo-Satellite imageries of ten years had been examined carefully and software-derived data was acted upon by mathematical analysis to find a pattern meticulously. Significant findings were that the summer season was found out the hottest among all the seasons during both day and night time. The winter season had the least anomalies and the monsoon had the most. The paper and its findings were showed alarming information about the gradual rise in temperature which will create a difficult situation in near future for human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It takes millions of years for a star to get formed. The evolutionary process of star formation undergoes various stages. Theoretical and astronomical calculations confirm the series of events from nebula to a white dwarf, neutron star, or black due to conversion of mass into energy. This paper deals with the stability analysis of a mathematical model which governs star formation during the ever-changing process of evolution. Variation matrix or Jacobian Matrix is developed out of the differential equation which arises from three components of the galactic region that is atomic, molecular, and stellar components. The mathematical model is the best way to explore and explain the system of three components in the galactic region. In fact, Mathematical Modelling-is the main, if not the only way one, way for theoretical research of astrophysical processes and objects. Various examples have been taken for comparative studies and computational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of developing effective granular aggregates, as well as the creation of a mathematical model and management of this process, is the most promising and relevant. The paper deals with the construction of mathematical models based on the results of experimental studies of granular aggregates (GA). We present the processing of the results of experimental studies on the production of granular aggregates using the classical method with the use of the high-level general-purpose Python programming language. The processing of research results is fully object-oriented. This approach to the generation of the obtained results allowed us to automate the processing of the array of data for the planning of the experiment. The results of mathematical modeling and nomograms reflecting the variability of the developed compositions, which allowed to obtain samples with the required technological, physical-mechanical and operational characteristics are presented. The paper calculates the values of reproducibility dispersions: for sand fraction ≤0.16 mm - 0.889; for sand fraction ≤0.315 mm - 0.967; for sand fraction ≤0.63 mm - 0.981. The analysis of nomograms has shown that the greatest strength values have the compositions with the sand fraction of 0.16 mm and the minimum content of sand (as an aggregate). For mixtures with sand fractions ≤0.315 mm it is established that the strongest will be the mixture with the minimum content of aggregate. It is revealed that when using sand fraction ≤0.63 mm the strength is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through means of this specific paper, we have likely embraced an investigation towards leading an examination in regards to "flow and heat transfer qualities in a second grade liquid through a permeable medium over a straight extending surface with two general cases, in particular PST and PHF, including the impact of viscous dissipation". Subsequently, fractional differential conditions administering the idea of "flow and heat movement are changed over into non-linear customary differential conditions and limit conditions by utilizing suit-capable similitude change", was regularly being thought of. Accordingly, the proposed issue identifying with our paper, was fundamentally being addressed systematically, by methods for power arrangement strategy, wherein subsequently graphical outcomes for "speed, skin-grinding coefficient, and temperature for PST and PHF cases are also introduced and talked about, close by thought of mathematical qualities identifying with divider grating coefficient, divider temperature slope θη (0), and divider temperature θ (0)" were in like manner being determined, organized, & examined subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with an analytical technique used to estimate and resolve the steady-state Frank-Kamenetskii problem. A homotopy perturbation method is applied to solve the nonlinear steady-state thermal explosion in a vessel. Additionally, using the Matlab software, the numerical simulation of the problem is described in this study. The interior temperature of the vessel is estimated and analysed to variations in the Frank-Kamenetskii and geometry parameters. A graphic representation of a vessel's temperature result is provided to demonstrate the solution, and theoretical discussion is had. The results of the analytical and numerical methods show good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical models of the COVID-19 pandemic have been utilized in a variety of settings as a core component of national public health responses. Often based on systems of ordinary differential equations, compartmental models are commonly used to understand and forecast outbreak trajectories. In view of the primarily applied nature of COVID-19 models, theoretical analysis can provide a global and long-term perspective of key model properties, and relevant insights about the infection dynamics they represent. This work formulates and undertakes such an investigation for a compartmental model of COVID-19, which includes the effect of interventions. More specifically, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the solutions of a compartmental model by establishing the existence and stability of the equilibrium points based on the value of the basic reproductive number R0. Our results provide insights on the possible policies that can be implemented to address the health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothesis method, based on the adoption of certain assumptions that allow reducing the three-dimensional problem of the theory of elasticity to two-dimensional problem was first obtained at the end of the nineteenth century. Everyone knows the theory based on Kirchhoff's hypotheses, which until now has not lost its significance. In a number of works, an attempt has been made to refine the theory of plates by adopting less rigid hypotheses than those of Kirchhoff. In this way, the still popular theories of plate bending of the Timoshenko S.P. and E. Reissner e were obtained taking into account the transverse shear. These theories of plate bending are now widely used as refined theories for plate bending and for calculating thick plates. In the paper by the mathematical method, without using any assumptions, the three-dimensional equations of the theory of elasticity have been reduced to refined equations for the bending of plates. The obtained mathematical theory of plates is compared with popular theories of the Timoshenko type. It is shown that in order to refine the theory of plate bending, in addition to transverse shear, a number of additional terms should be taken into account, which are absent in theories of the Reissner E. and Timoshenko S.P. type obtained by the method of hypotheses. Mathematical analysis of three-dimensional elasticity equations confirms that the error of theories such as the theory of E. Reissner and S.P. Timoshenko is of the same order as the error of the classical theory of plate bending. This means that the popular theories discussed are not refined and they cannot be used to calculate thick plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers second-order nonlinear differential equation describing deformations of a cantilever structure under various loads. The corresponding mathematical model is studied using the analytical approximate method, as well as the calculation method implemented in the Mathematica system. Theoretical material is accompanied by numerical experiments. Cases of steel and wood structures are considered. Comparative analysis of the results of calculations carried out in software systems SCAD ++ and LIRA 10 along with the results of analytical approximate method and calculations by using Mathematica system is conducted, and the outcomes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel trihedral trusses are used as flat roofs of public and industrial buildings and structures. A modular system can be used to transport the structures of trihedral trusses. The paper presents the results of numerical studies of modular trihedral trusses for flat roofs of buildings with transversal partitioning into dispatch modules. Application of modular system for trihedral trusses is aimed at mass production with widespread delivery by various cargo transport. Numerical studies based on the computational mathematical model of a space-core truss allows to estimate deformability of a trihedral truss with pliable mounting junctions of adjacent modules for various forms of loading. We describe peculiarities of constructing variative computational models which take into account the peculiarities of structures with noncentered connection junctions of struts from single corners to the chords of a composite profile made of channel's and corner's rolled elements. The most stressed elements of the spatial and strut system of trihedral trusses with butt joint adjacency of struts to chords are determined. Results are presented in a table for comparative analysis of deformability for various calculation models. According to the comparative analysis of deformability of mathematical calculation models for trihedral roof trusses, the use of pliable mounting junctions of module coupling has been substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal is to study nonlinear operators and find majorization for operators. Especially, Volterra operators are very important for us. This article has given a three-dimensional matrix and some properties nonlinear operators. Nonlinear operators from matrices are used, and trajectories are founded. The theory of boundary properties made considerable advances in the 20th century, owing to the work of several scientists; it resumed its rapid advance in the second half of that century, accompanied by the appearance of new ideas and methods, novel directions, and objects of study. This class also studied Lyubich. He found some results, but bistochastic operators have not opened yet. This all works related to quadratic stochastic operators. Three-dimensional matrices Pijk for us to study theories and research of some problems are very important. We use them to study quadratic stochastic operators and relate them to majorization. The main connection between them is as follows: V (x) ≺ x where V(x) operator called Volterra operator. The operator is written as follows: (V x) = ∑ i = 1 m P i j , k x i x j This article gave some properties for majorization and showed some connection with nonlinear operators. The article also gave some examples for nonlinear operators. The main goal is to find an operator and a corresponding matrix that satisfies the definition of majorization. This paper used the theory of majorization and some classes. This article's main result is, constructs nonlinear operators. It is also shown that the operators are bistochastic. The initial points are given from the simplex, and the result shows whether the operator belongs to the simplex or not. The theory of boundary properties made considerable advances in the 20th century, owing to the work of several scientists; it resumed its rapid advance in the second half of that century, accompanied by the appearance of new ideas and methods, novel directions, and objects of study. Its development is closely connected with various fields of mathematical analysis and mathematics in general, first and foremost with probability theory, the theory of real functional analysis, the theory of majorization, and Volterra operators. On the other hand, one of the main purposes of this article is to connect with the Volterra operators. The theory of boundary properties of majorization, which grew out of the works of the Moscow Mathematical School (G.G.Hardy, D.E.Littlewood), was developed in the further works of E. Beccenbach and R.Belman as well as in the works of and other Russian scientists. We will extend this class by constructing a nonlinear operators class for the Volterra operators. Not everything goes exactly without an analog. In such cases, calculations are carried out in other ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the exhibiting and examination of Perturb and Observe (P and O) algorithm for isolating the power structure photovoltaic group (PVA). In perspective on non-linear characteristics of PV cell, the best power can be removed under one explicit voltage conditions. In this way, maximum power point (MPPT) computations are used in PVA to extend the yield control. In this paper the MPPT computations is executed using DC-DC booster converter for high voltage gain application. The component of PVA is reproduced at different sun situated irradiance's and cell temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the suspension system is to absorb the vibrations from wheels. To compromise between the two conflicting criteria i.e. road holding and ride comfort, passive suspension system is most suitable. The passenger discomfort is caused due to unwanted vibrations which are transmitted through unsprung mass. The numerical analysis using Simulink MATLAB software is used to determine Ride comfort of two suspension systems based on quarter car model. The experimental setup is developed and vibration analysis is performed using multichannel FFT analyser. The mathematical analysis result of the two different models of the suspensions is compared with experimental analysis. The aim of paper is to investigate effect of sprung mass on ride comfort at constant speed with input 0.1m peak stroke which generated a waveform resembling to half sine wave. The mathematical model is developed and analysed in Simulink MATLAB software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic Covid-19 accelerated the evolution of education 4.0. The online teaching and learning activities are promoted by movement control which had been enforced globally. Teaching and learning in engineering, which very much relied on practical and face-to-face by nature, are challenged by rapid process of adoption and adaptation by both learners and teachers. In this paper, such process is reported on one of the most challenging subjects in engineering education – advanced calculus. The design and strategy of teaching, the teaching process, the tools, the assessment, and students' feedback are discussed. Majority of the students were able to accept the new norm of teaching and learning, with a few still opt to resume to face-to-face learning. As for teacher, multiple platforms and delivery methods, including interactive methods are suggested to retain the attention and maintain the performance of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper recommend a new topology of 27 level Multi Level Inverter (MLI) and two different switching pattern scheme such as Multi Carrier Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation Technique (PD-PWM) and Half Height method (HH). The control signal is processed through fuzzy logic for performing closed loop speed control in the proposed inverter. The proposed inverter has been analyzed by developing a mathematical model through Fourier series and also the performance of the MLI such as RMS voltage and THD equations which have been derived for the theoretical validation with existing inverter. The features of the multilevel inverters (MLIs) are to produce a good quality of AC supply with low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The main feature of the proposed inverter is to reduce number of switching devices and reduction in gate driver circuits. In this study, the MATLAB software is utilized for the verification and validation of practical feasibility in the proposed inverter. The proposed MLI has been implemented in laboratory prototype model for practical feasibility and performance parameters have been analyzed and verified through simulation as well as prototype model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with mathematical analysis of nonlinear model prey predator system by means of presenting its approximate analytical expression by using HPM which is abbreviated as Homotopy Perturbation Method. The numerical simulation of the proposed system is also reported using Scilab program. It is amazing that our analytical solution is exactly matches with the numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solubility phase diagram which consists of information on solute concentration, metastable and saturation limits against temperature, provides helpful insights in designing crystallization process to achieve desired crystal size distribution (CSD). Usually, the design of cooling crystallization process involves high supersaturation level at the beginning of the process in the metastable zone that is bounded by metastable and saturation limits. However, this high level of supersaturation causes an increment in both nucleation and crystal growth rates which induce the growth of the seed crystals as well as unwanted secondary nucleation that produce excessive fine crystals. Mitigation by employing proper temperature trajectory or policy along metastable zone to avoid unnecessary long operational time and fine crystals is needed. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop and simulate mathematical model of seeded batch crystallization process for the case of potash alum which is mainly used for purification in water treatment. Dynamic response of such process under open-loop operation for three cooling policies which are natural, linear and cubic is performed for evaluating the effect of different cooling policies on CSD. Simulation results based on the dynamic behaviour for all three cooling policies show cubic cooling policy obtained the best performance by achieving mean crystal size of 420 µm from the targeted CSD at 430 µm, and the mean crystal size for fine crystals is the lowest which is 35 µm compared to linear and natural cooling policies, at 40 µm and 55 µm, respectively. This information is prominent in deciding proper temperature trajectory of optimal cooling policy for potash alum crystallization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeriosis is a food-borne disease caused by a bacterium known as Listeria monocytogens. Humans can be infected by consuming contaminated food products. A transmission can also occur through contact with infected animals or people, however to a less extent. In this paper, a mathematical model for Listeriosis dynamics was developed. The steady states and their stability of the model system were determined and analyzed. The result shows that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable if the bacteria's growth rate is less than its removal rate, and also the growth rate of food contamination is less than its removal rate. It was further observed that we can still have Listeriosis driven by the contaminated food products even if the Listeria bacteria population in the environment is very small.The results indicate that Listeriosis can be effectively controlled by removing contaminated food products, which was the policy adopted by the South African government during the recent Listeriosis outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first corona virus disease case was reported in Wuhan City, China in December 2019 and spreads worldwide very quickly. On 9th March 2020, World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Mathematical models can be very effective in understanding the transmission patterns of COVID-19. This paper proposes a fractional-order susceptible, exposed, infected, asymptomatic, hospitalized, removed (SEIAHR) model. The fractional models help understand the disease epidemic. To formulate its fractional derivative, we consider the Caputo operator and discuss the uniqueness and existence of the solution for the model by applying the Banach contraction mapping principle. We performed numerical simulation by the Adams- Bashforth-Moulton method, which shows that the fractional models provide a better understanding and more biological insights about the dynamics of disease than traditional integer-order models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational modelling technique represents the only method, how to assess a functionality of a designed nuclear wastes repository in a long term period that accounts for hundreds of year. Such a technique is based on exploitation of results of short-term experiments that work as input data. Since the modelling outputs are strongly dependent on input data, the material parameters in particular, the precision of these measurement together with a consistency and stability of the mathematical model used play an important role in the reliability of results produced. This paper therefore aims at sensitivity analysis of a selected diffusion mathematical model on the second Fick's law basis, that is used for a description of radionuclides transport (90Sr) in an existing radioactive waste repository concept when a hypothetical accident is assumed. Within the sensitivity analysis, the parameters of particular materials involved in the repository concept are varied by 10% which corresponds to common measurement uncertainties. The results provided by the model showed very low deviations as the envelope curves differed by up to 10.5%. Such a difference can be considered as a sign of very good model consistency, especially in the light of the logarithmic axis used for the radionuclide concentration plotting and very rough time axis that covers a period of 2000 years. Such factors, in general, do not require an increased precision and mathematical model analyzed was proved to be precise enough to be applied in further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an approach for developing a web-based system for modelling and studying the leasing operations' parameters to assist managers in decision making and training. The report proposes a program model of the methods and means for the economic evaluation of the leasing project. But the main aim of the proposed web-based system is to facilitate engineering students who study software systems for business modeling and financial technologies. On the one hand, the application illustrates theory and combines it with practice, and on the other hand, represents accurate mathematical calculations and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An application of small aerial vehicles is described in this paper which presents an optimization of the camber position ever-changing using models and numerical analysis. During this study, the mechanics performance of a wing must be investigated over a profile of camber of 20 percent length of the chord from edge. The model was initially modelled using a software package and by adjusting the morphing wing system's modularity and reconfigurability. The angle of attack is also explored following a comparative analysis of the mechanics parameters. A considerable effect of morphing flap camber profiles on mechanics performance is observed in the results. As a supplementary validation, we provide an analysis of wind characteristics through ANSYS; we obtain the pressure coefficients, lift (CL), drag (CD), and lift-to-drag ratio (CL/ CD). The correlation between the CL, (CL/CD) and drag cut back simulations for several preferred shapes is analyzed when getting the results. For that reason forward in optimizing the cambered profile when morphing edges because the mathematical analysis associated with it has been shown improvements in CL from 15% to 30% when morphing edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider some aspects of the numerical analysis of the mathematical model of fractional Duffing with a derivative of variable fractional order of the Riemann-Liouville type. Using numerical methods: an explicit finite-difference scheme based on the Grunwald-Letnikov and Adams-Bashford-Moulton approximations (predictor-corrector), the proposed numerical model is found. These methods have been verified with a test case. It is shown that the predictor-corrector method has a faster convergence than the method according to the explicit finite-difference scheme. For these schemes, using Runge's rule, estimates of the computational accuracy were made, which tended to unity with an increase in the number of calculated grid nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement in the convenience and ease of use of large volumes of information acquired via sensors and the cyberspace, computer applications have seen a remarkable change from minimal data handling to the use of machine learning in past few years. Machine learning is a concept that proves and propagates the fact that a computer can improve over time. Researchers have showed a strong interest in recognition of different patterns, machine learning followed by computer vision, by testing on actual-world application. This paper on supervised learning in computer vision applications explores and investigates computer vision based on machine learning functions, as well as forecasting future trends. The study discovered that supervised learning classifiers ML exist in computer vision. K-means clustering neural networks and SVMs some of the most often utilised techniques. Subsequently, Object detection, classification, and extraction of helpful information that can be obtained from photos, graphic documents, and video. These are some of the most current uses of machine learning in computer vision. In addition, RCNN-Inception-V2 model and Tensor flow have been utilised to recognise different objects and people in photos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake is one of most devastating natural disasters. The earthquake occurrences prediction , help reduced magnitude of destruction minimized.for Predicting an earthquake's time, magnitude ,depth and location of the earthquake, a variety of techniques have been suggested, such as statistical and mathematical analysis, and a signal investigation of precursors ,due an ostensibly dynamic character of seismic, they usually do not produce excellent results.The capacity of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to detect hidden patterns of data is well-known in the earthquake forecasting case.This paper provides overview of the different techniques and a comparison of their results.In AI-based approaches were utilized to forecast earthquakes using a variety of academic datasets. These researches used a variety of machine learning approaches that examines the contributions made of the prediction of earthquakes based on AI approaches to date. Furthermore, its goal to make choosing relevant earthquake prediction system. These studies review at ANN-based approaches, clustering techniques, and machine learning techniques for earthquake prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide a detailed simulation approach of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system on Electric Vehicles (EVs) Charging for research and educational purposes. The simulation is based on coupled magnetic resonance technology, which power can be transferred via coupled magnetic resonances in the non-radiative near-field. A simplified power transfer system topology is proposed and implemented. Mathematical analysis and simulation of the proposed charging system is carried out. Based on this topology, the counter-electromotive force (counter EMF, CEMF) in the receiving coil related with constant transfer distance and driving frequency was simulated and analyzed. Through the simulation analysis of the wireless charging system specific design recommendations are provided and significant conclusions are derived. The simulation can be used as a tool for further research on the optimization of WPT for EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of the features of mathematical modeling of sewer network systems. These systems are complex structures consisting of branched pipeline networks, structures, installations and equipment. Also, the work of all elements must be linked to each other. The problem considered in the article is very complex due to the presence of a large number of parameters and technological processes occurring in water supply and sanitation systems. Urban sewer networks are increasingly facing water quality problems as a result of many challenges such as population growth, urbanization and climate change. A promising way to solve these problems is the use of water quality models and the correct technical design of the sewer network. Most models are developed to predict and understand processes using experimental or field data. Although many models have been applied to real problems, the accuracy of the corresponding forecasts is generally moderate or, in some cases, poor. In this regard, in practice, to solve such problems, different types of modeling are used, including mathematical and streaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For quality and financial reasons, the WEDM program utilizes parameters such as Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR). We are investigating the impact of the WEDM process on various parameters in this research like Analysis of Grey Rational Grade on EDM Parameter level, MRR with Cp & Ton, S/N Ratio of Gray Rational Grade with experiment number, Surface roughness (Micron) with pulse off time (Micro sec), Surface roughness (Micron) with pulse on time (microsec), Surface roughness (Micron) on Discharge Current (Amp), Surface roughness (Micron) with Dielectric flow rate (Lit/hr), Surface roughness (Micron) on Sv, Surface roughness (Micron) with IP, Surface roughness (Micron) ON Ton, Mathematical analysis is being used to predict MRR and SR utilizing RSM. To analyze the process, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is utilized and the results of RSM and PSO techniques are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the results of the analysis of the mathematical communication ability test instrument for junior high school students on the material of flat-sided geometry. The questions are made based on indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely drawing, mathematical expressions, and writing. Instrument validation is carried out by expert judgments consisting of lecturers and teachers. The instrument was given to students who have studied flat-sided geometry to calculate the validity, reliability, discriminating power and the level of difficulty. The results of the instrument test show that the mathematical communication ability instrument is appropriate and feasible to be used in the flat-sided geometry for junior high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the problem of Future Andhra Pradesh air pollution especially in Vijayawada. The data was taken Air Quality Index - National Weather Service https://www.weather.gov › and analyzed Vijayawada city air pollution containing PM2.5, PM10, OC, BC, CO, NOx, VOC, SO2 during the year 2019. This analysis "provide understanding climate policy makers with smooth patterns of air pollutants consistent with the UN climate targets. It showed that the need of mathematical approach make the solution of the problem. The climate changing reasons will be help full to the analysis of Global Warming. Based on secondary data of air pollutants in Vijayawada during 2019 status expect the future pollution problems make necessary actions to become Vijayawada a better living place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the behaviour of mantrapushpa renderings by converting them to time series with the frequency of 44100 Hertz. We then perform the mathematical and statistical analysis of these chants and compare these results. We conclude that though the renderings have different power spectras, the intensity of all the renderings are almost close to 0.7 correlations, which means that the intensity with which the mantras are rendered are always same irrespective of the hymn which is being rendered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcome of this research is to study and validate a photovoltaic (PV) module connected to the resistive load using soft computing Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT). The MPPTs used in this study are the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL)which are used to track the maximum power of a 200W PV module. First, the mathematical analysis for the PV module, ANN technique, and FL technique is done. The MATLAB Simulink was investigated to model, verify, and simulate the MPPTs. Second, the studied PV system was tested under step change in load and irradiance conditions to obtain the difference in the performance between the soft computing techniques and conventional Incremental Conductance (IC) techniques in terms of oscillation value, dynamic speed, and method's efficiency. The obtained results from the simulation presents that both ANN and FL techniques have less steady state power oscillation, and they faster than the IC technique in terms of tracking the MPP. Therefore, the performance and efficiency of the studied PV module was improved and then the life time of the system is extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aquaculture system, metabolic waste in the form of unfeed pellets and fish excretion can reduce water quality and increase both soluble organic matter in waters and organic deposition to sediments. A developed dynamical system was formed based on the interactions that occur between phytoplankton growth, macrobenthos density, and sediment in response to nitrogen and phosphate concentrations. The purpose of this research was to analyze the stability of the proposed dynamical system. Furthermore, we determine the level of water quality in the aquaculture system based on the interaction between five variables, i.e. nitrogen, phosphate, abundance of phytoplankton, abundance of macrobenthos, and sediment properties. The local stability of the system equations model was determined by investigating the eigen values of the Jacobian matrix. The Lyapunov stability theory using the Krasovskii method was used to determine the global stability of the systems. In the Lyapunov method, if the value of the scalar function is definite positive and its first derivative is definite negative, then the system is globally asymptotically stable. Based on mathematical analysis and numerical results, the aquaculture dynamic system model in Jepara was globally asymptotically stable. This indicated that the quality of the waters was still considerably in normal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease with a high death rate compared to many infectious diseases. Therefore, many prominent studies have been done on the mathematical modeling and analysis of TB. In this study, an illustrative mathematical model is developed by considering the awareness parameter. In this context, two different treatment strategies that is applied as protective treatment and main treatment that is considered on the infected individuals are taken into account. In the provided model, a six-dimensional compartment system of fractional-order is constructed that includes the susceptible, latent, infected, and recovered population, as well as including the mentioned two treatment strategies. Also positivity and biologically feasible region of the model are provided. In the numerical simulations, Adams–Bashforth which is a well-known numerical scheme is applied to obtain the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pneumonia model with Carrier state was formulated. The boundedness, positiveness, stability of the model were verified. The optimal values of Susceptible, Infectious, Carrier, Recovered were found by equlibrium analysis. The flow of variables for different values of parameter were demonstrated by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out in order to substantiate the development of a combination of sieves for the cleaning system of a combine harvester. The research is based on the general-logical method and mathematical analysis. It is shown that in the process of separation of a grain heap in the cleaning system of a combine harvester, the effect of an air flow on a given material flow is formed. In the course of the study, analytical dependences are obtained that characterize the change in the displacement of the grain heap layer on the cleaning sieve of the combine harvester in both horizontal and vertical directions relative to the sieve from the speed of the air flow. The relationship between the height of the grain heap layer on the sieve and the air flow rate, as well as between the delivery of the grain heap to the sieve and the air flow rate of the combine harvester cleaning system is disclosed. The systems of equations are shown up that characterize the change in the height of the grain heap layer on the sieve depending on the sieve type and the air flow rate of the combine harvester cleaning system. Graphical interpretation of the obtained regularities which reveal the nature of the change in the height of the grain heap layer on the sieve depending on its type and air flow rate, is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing tendency in the production and in the application of ready mixtures, fully composed of dry components is observed in the last years. Their use does not require mixing, homogenizing and preservation of their components separately, which makes easier their application in the so-called craft bakeries, as well as in home conditions in the preparation of bread, pastry and confectionery. The desorption capacity of a ready mixture of golden linseed - 46%; brown linseed - 25%; plum granules - 9% and date palm granules - 8% - biological farming ingredients is examined in the present research. The research is conducted in three temperatures 10°C, 25°C and 40°C and eight water activities in the range of 0.11 to 0.85. The achievement of equilibrium moisture content is followed, a mathematical analysis of the results is done and the monolayer moisture content (MMC) of the examined product is calculated through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model linearization. The received results indicate dependences which are proved in the years, namely that the temperature increase in constant water activity, leads to the reduction of the equilibrium moisture content. The sorption isotherms are of the characteristic type III for nutrients according to the Brunauer et al classification. According to the common suitability criteria - average relative error, standard deviation and residues distribution, two three parametrical modified models are recommended for the desorption isotherms description, as the Chung-Pfost model is the first suitable model and the Henderson model is the second one. The MMC calculated values of the ready mixture for the three temperatures with experimental points for water activity aw < 0.5 are the following: 10°C - 4.37% d.m., 25°C - 3.54% d.m. and 40°C - 3.15% d.m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) is a species of rhino that is categorized as near threatened in the world. Most population of white rhino can be found in South Africa. According to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a strategy is needed to conserve and increase the white rhino population. Hence, a mathematical model of the white rhino translocation strategy will be introduced. The model is constructed by dividing the white rhino population into four subpopulations based on their habitat and maturity. From the mathematical analysis, we obtain three types of equilibrium points. Furthermore, we investigate the existence and local stability criteria of these equilibrium points analytically and numerically. It is shown that, when translocation rate implemented in a proper way, translocation can accelerate the growth rate of the white rhino population both in the source or translocation habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow virus disease in red chili plants is one of the problems that farmers often encounter. This disease is caused by a yellow virus which is spread through insect vectors (Bemisia tabaci), as for controlling it, farmers can take advantage of the presence of natural enemies (in this case is a predator). We formulated a mathematical model to understand the dynamics of the spread of yellow virus disease in the presence of vectors and predators. From the model, the value of the Basic Reproductive Number is shown, which is obtained using the next generation matrix method. The results obtained show that when R0 < 1, the non-endemic equilibrium point will be stable. In addition, the results of numerical simulations show that the presence of predators can control the population of Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci), so that the spread of yellow virus disease can be controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we presented some fractals on square. Mathematical analysis of physical qualities like area and perimeter also presented here. It is found that as number of square fractals increases due to increase in number of iterations, the area of nth square decreases. Length of material required to design such square designs also obtained in this research article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article performs a mathematical analysis of the time-dependent Couple stress MHD two-phase dusty fluid flow along a stretching surface to investigate the effects of suction, heat generation/absorption, and viscous dissipation. The physical phenomenon is presented as a set of highly nonlinear differential equations together with suitable boundary conditions. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transform the governing partial differential equations into a set of nonlinear ordinary differ- ential equations that are subsequently solved using the efficient spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). A detailed parametric study is carried out with the obtained simulation results to investigate the influences of significant flow parameters affecting the fluid flow and heat transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]