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The influence of the electret effect on the filtering and separation properties of polymer nonwoven fabrics obtained by the Spanbond method with a density of 17 and 20 g / m², as well as in the combination of polymer nonwoven fabric and paper filter. It was revealed that the presence of an energy barrier caused by the presence of an electret charge leads to a decrease in the rate of filtration through polymer cloths. The purity of the resulting filtrate when using electret cloths is 20-22% higher compared to the original polypropylene webs. The use of two-layer filter materials allows increasing the separation capacity by 35-40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourier Transform Raman and infrared spectra of cheque paper document have been recorded and analyzed. The wavenumbers corresponding to normal modes of vibration of cellulose were calculated at HF/6-31G(d) level for comparison with the cheque paper sample. The appearance of a carbonyl stretching band at 1654 cm-1 clearly shows that the cheque paper is subjected to ageing. The broadening of O[Single_Bond]H stretching wavenumber confirms the presence of inter and intra molecular O[Single_Bond]H...O Hydrogen bonds. Also the presence of Kaolin and Rosin are unambiguously identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and economical method has been used to grow macroscopically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper for device application. Synthesized paper has been characterized by different experimental techniques namely SEM, TEM, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. Besides these, temperature dependent electrical studies of rGO paper have also been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is facing serious challenges in dealing enormous quantities of waste paper sludge produced in the country every year. This enormous quantity causing major economic problems and environmental problems over the paper and board industry. In order to confront with the economic problems associated with waste disposal costs, which make up almost half of the cost of wastewater treatment, there is a need to provide a viable solution to the reuse of waste and by reducing the use of natural resources. Hence, a comparative analysis of the experimental results novel properties of fresh and hardened concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with different substitution of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) as a partial substitute for cement is presented in the paper. Recycled aggregates is made by crushing the waste concrete cube laboratory tests. Recycled aggregate is made by crushing the concrete waste at laboratory. Utilize of WPSA and RCA is estimated to produce significant gains in strength performance (determine the strength characteristics of concrete structures) and properties of workability and water absorption for each series of mixed. Therefore, the application of those testing method were measured the quality of concrete, so that they can perform satisfactorily as structural element. The findings demonstrated that the WPSA and RCA seems to contribute to the favourable concrete compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the laboratory result on compaction characteristic for soft soil subgrade which was stabilized by using waste paper sludge ash (WPSA). The soft soil sample was collected from Banting Selangor, Malaysia named as Banting soft soil and classified as slightly sandy Clay with intermediate plasticity. Additive of WPSA is a finely waste product produced from the incinerated waste paper. In ASTM C618, this WPSA samples are categorized as Type-C fly ash due to the high free lime (CaO) content (>20%) and possesses some cementitious and pozzolanic, resulting in the self-cementing characteristics. Therefore no entire activators such as lime are required. Objectives of this study are to determine the dry density and moisture content of Banting soft soil stabilized by WPSA through the different energy and method of compaction and to determine the Atterberg limit properties of Banting soft soil stabilized using WPSA. Several percentage of WPSA (4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) was used to stabilize the soft soil. Meanwhile the compactions methods are used in this study are standard proctor test and modified proctor test. The Atterberg limit properties testing involved the liquid limit testing, and plastic limit testing. The result showed the plasticity indexes of soft soil stabilized with series percentage (4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) of WPSA were reduced parallel to the increment of liquid limit and plastic limit result. Meanwhile, the compaction result for stabilized soft soil showed an increment dry density value followed by decrement of moisture content for modified compaction and standard compaction. However, 4% WPSA were giving the best of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density stabilized soft soil from modified compaction. From this experimental study, it shows that WPSA has a significant and effective to improve the geotechnical properties of soft soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, manufacturers are competing to offer a great product to the customers, they not only have to deliver a good product but also have to deliver it within the required time. The purpose of this study was to reduce the production lead time of a product in a make-to-order production system or a discrete manufacturing environment of pulp and paper machinery manufacturing. After conducting a literature survey, it was evident that process flow mapping is a suitable technique to reduce the production lead time in a make-to-order manufacturing environment. The current state process flow map was developed through which the wastes in the system were identified. Various lean and quality tools were used for the analysis of data such as check sheet, standard operating procedures, single minute exchange of dies, ECRS [Eliminate, Combine, Reduce, and Simplify] work analysis sheet. After the analysis of data, a future state process flow map was developed. The research helped the company to reduce the production lead time of the product to 406.16 hours from 431.66 hours that is a reduction of 25.5 hours. So, the experiment has successfully achieved a 5.9 % reduction in production lead time. Furthermore, it shows that in the make-to-order industry, the variability in products creates difficulty in making product-specific changes in the manufacturing setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving Economic growth of developing countries has promptedvarious vehicular movements in the town roads. Traffic management plays a huge part in regularizing vehicle movements and dodging blockings on roads. The pattern of traffic shall not be similar at all instants during the day and furthermore all the days. Huge traffics are constrained by traffic signals that allows and stops the vehicle movement for a pre-programmed time slots. This conventional method adopting the template have downsides. An intelligent electronic traffic controller can handle the traffic with sense consulting with the requirement at any instant of time. The paper briefs a Digital signal processor (controller) based smart traffic control system with the support of image processing techniques. The frameworkcapture the images from various roads meeting at a junction, recognizes the density of vehicles, analyzes between them, provide priorities, decides the dimensions of time slots for stop and permit and manages the traffic insightfully. Anextraordinarily mounted IR gadget on all the roads with the camera givesdata to the controller about vehicles proceeding onwardcrisis (such as ambulance) and deals with the traffic providing priority to such vehicles. The proposed framework was implemented on a proto mother board with TMS320 DSP processor, and the results are as expected, favorable and encouraging for implementing further developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in paper waste from the paper processing sector is becoming the most important issue of disposal by filling large space and polluting the atmosphere, as it rises day to day. To decrease the paper waste as well as environmental emissions, it is recommended to use the paper waste in concrete as Hypo sludge. That contains the properties of cement such as SiO2 & Mg. Cement is the predominant material in concrete. In this research cement is replaced with fly ash as well as hypo sludge. By adding 5percent of fly ash and 0%, 3 %, 6%,9%,12% and 15% of hypo sludge, split tensile strength & compressive strength of concrete as well as Hypo sludge concrete efficiency are being tested. Split tensile strength & compressive strength of hypo sludge concrete are improved by the experiment up to 9% behind this % strength will decrease. In this journal the extension of research work is added that is flexural strength of concrete adding fly ash & hypo sludge in concrete and durability of concrete are studied. Performance of hypo sludge concrete, result and optimum percentage are mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon and the former library of Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia have collections of old manuscripts of European paper origin from 19-20th centuries. This study investigated the cellulolytic and xerophilic characters of 22 fungal strains from nine deteriorated old manuscripts of European paper origin. Detection of cellulolytic fungi by using well diffusion method, modified Czapek's Dox Agar (CDA) with 0.1% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a sole carbon source, 0.2% (w/v) Congo red as a chromogenic dye, and cell suspension of approximately 1x107 cell/mL. Cellulolytic fungi formed clear zones around the fungal colonies due to the radial diffusion of the enzyme excreted to the medium. Detection of xerophilic fungi by using Dichloran glycerol Agar (DG18) which contained 18% glycerol to reduce water availability in the medium. Fifteen fungal strains have the ability to use derivative cellulose in CMC as a sole carbon source indicating that these strains possessed endoglucanase (CMCase) activity. The action of cellulolytic enzyme from fungi could dissolve cellulose fibers, or might discolor the paper. All the fungal strains were xerophiles, which indicated that they were able to grow in manuscripts, a condition of reduced water activity. Further studies are required to determine exoglucanase activity by using crystalline cellulose, and molecular identification by using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences to determine the species identities of the fungal strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire-fighting robots are the human-established machines to keep people alive, as the accidents that occur during the procedure of stopping the fires are uncountable. This main function of the robot is to automatically sense fires and shift against the fires to finish it with water by keeping a safe distancing from it. A programmable raspberry pi can completely control the movement and actions of this device. This device must move right, east, front and back in the shape of a car to locate and quench the fires. An infra-red camera and thermal camera is used in this fire-fighter robot. The thermal camera attempts to monitor the flames, temperature and the infra-red camera, offering pictures of the view of the night, which record the whole extinction period directly. This live capture can be seen in a PC file which is also accompanied by a log from the computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioethanol seems very potential to be an alternative energy substituting the fossil-based energy due to its renewable sources. Any sources containing carbohydrate (poly or mono) may be fermented into ethanol (bioethanol). This study aims to investigate the optimum conditions in the fermentation of used paper HVS hydrolysate to yield ethanol. The used paper HVS hydrolysate, produced from the hydrolysis of used paper HVS, was initially treated with a so-called detoxification stage to remove compounds hindering the fermentation process. The detoxification stage employed adsorptive separation with the aid of carbon (charcoal) activated with KOH and K2CO3 solution. The fermentation varied the types of microbes or yeast (i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oligosporus) and its concentration. Within the ranges of studied parameters, the optimum conditions to yield highest level of ethanol (0.436%) were activated carbon with KOH, yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and concentration of 3 g yeast/70 mL hydrolysate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a smart optimization algorithm for tuning a modified structure of PID controller to regulate the terminal voltage of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR), it consists of four parameters proportional, integral and derivative plus second order derivative, all parameters are tuned using grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm for controlling the terminal voltage of AVR system. The response of the system using this controller is compared with other controllers using different new optimization methods in terms of transient analysis; also to test its performance; robustness analysis is performed on it in two types (model uncertainties and external disturbances). Simulation results reflect an efficient performance of PIDD2 controller also proved it is robust in facing disturbances and returning the system to its desired response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-line measurement of material properties is a goal of many manufactures for production improvement and quality control. In the paper industry, the elastic stiffness of the paper web needs to be accurately measured and controlled online. Currently, contact ultrasonic methods are employed to measure the elastic constants of paper offline. Piezoelectric transducers are placed in contact with the paper surface to generate and detect plate wave modes, known as Lamb wave modes, in the paper in both the machine and cross directions. Laser ultrasonics offers a new approach to making elastic wave measurements that does not require contacting the paper web. A pulsed laser generates ultrasound in the paper by delivering a high intensity short impulse to the paper through thermoelastic expansion. An optical interferometer is used to demodulate the small phase modulation that the elastic wave produces on a continuous probe laser beam. Difficulty in applying this approach to online measurements of rapidly moving paper webs arises from the appearance of large speckle noise due to translation and flutter of the paper surface. This report describes work at the INEEL using a Fabry-Perot interferometer approach to characterize and overcome these problems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days, welding technology become high in demand due to industrial and domestic development. There has been constant improvement in the welding technology. The arc welding plays an important role in a process of fusion welding. It was more flexible and routinely has been used for many decades. Recent development is laser welding. It is highly utilized in manufacturing industry because of its special features. Recently, everywhere the automatic welding processes most preferable for achieving the high rate of production. Higher efficiency and low cost strategies is primary requirement in case of joining the metal. In the present study, we aim to compare the arc welding and laser welding. The stress-strain curves of the reference and welded specimen is depicted in the Figure 3. As strain increased up to 1.6-1.9%, the stress also showed an increased trend in the both the welding. The stress gets stabilized further upon increased in the percent strain up to 6. Laser welded specimen showed maximum stress tolerance values than arc welded specimen. Laser welds and arc weld showed a hardness of about 354 HV and 237 HV, respectively. The study can be concluded as the laser welding is superior than manual arc welding. The laser welding showed maximum hardness, stress tolerance and strain sustainability than the arc welding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study outlines the numerous models of automated writing machines that employ diverse technologies, as well as the creative concept of the most recent automatic writing pen. Despite the technologyaccessible, the proportion of compactness and capacity to stand without aid in these machines is almost nil. In contrast to the writing machine, our innovation allows the autonomous writing pen to stand alone without the need for additional support. This pen ensures faultless and exact writing based on the speech recognizing voice sensor or the brain signal detected by a brain sensor. A side from that, the pen has two additional features: it can move the page on its own using a page turner, and it comes preloaded with Pelican for correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are now entering a new era of development, such as the Web of Things (IoT). IOT is a cloud-based "complete overall neural framework" that connects numerous devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a collection ofcleverly connected devices and structures that include smart machines that interact and communicate with other machines, circumstances, things, and establishments, and advances in radio frequency identification (RFID) and sensor technology will help to address this new problem. People, programming structures, and diverse machines willshare information about the scenario and the surrounding state with IoT-enabled devices. The world will become more intelligent in every way as the Internet of Things advances. However, in the great majority of countries, internet access is only available to people who have access to computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the issues of checking final qualification papers for the amount of borrowed text and ways to control the bypassing of this check. Some variants of widely used methods for verification bypassing in MS Word documents are considered, namely, by creating drawings, labels, graphic figures, SmartArt objects, and tables. Various options for manual and automated control of the presence of these bypassing methods in the checked documents are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the effects of cake thickness and time on the efficiency of brown stock washer of the paper mill are studied by using mathematical model of pulp washing for the species of sodium and lignin ions. The mechanism of the diffusion- dispersion washing of the bed of the pulp fibers is mathematically modeled by the basic material balance and adsorption isotherm is used to describe the equilibrium between the concentration of the solute in the liquor and concentration of the solute on the fibers. To study the parametric effect, numerical solutions of the axial domain of the system governed by partial differential equations (transport and isotherm equations) for different boundary conditions are obtained by the “pdepe” solver in MATLAB source code. The effects of both the parameters are shown by three dimensional graphical representation as well as concentration profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the 2007 Physics Education Research Conference, a workshop on publishing and refereeing was held with a panel of editors from four different publishing venues: the physics education research section of the American Journal of Physics, the Journal of the Learning Sciences, Physical Review Special Topics–Physics Education Research, and the Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings. These editors answered questions from participants regarding publishing in their respective venues, as well as writing referee reports that would be useful to both journal editors and authors. This paper summarizes the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of packing materials is an important factor to prolong the shelf life of food products, especially for perishable foods or produces. This research was conducted to determine the effect of packing materials (papers and plastics) on fresh Brazilian spinach leaves quality such as moisture content, water activity and total color difference (ΔΕ). The samples were stored at ambient temperature (25 °C) for 16 days. The moisture content and water activity of the samples were measure by moisture analyzer and water activity meter, respectively. The total color difference (ΔΕ) was calculated based on L*, a* and b* parameters. Generally, based on overall results, the packing materials significantly affected the quality of fresh Brazilian spinach leaves throughout 16 days of storage period. The results asserted that the paper materials are not suitable to use to pack fresh Brazilian spinach leaves for long period. It is also not recommended to use any paper material to pack fresh produce, especially perishable vegetables and fruits, in protecting their quality. The use of HDPE and PP plastics is recommended to prolong the shelf life of the fresh Brazilian spinach leaves. However, it has a limitation in controlling the changes of leaves color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper soap is an innovation in making soap. The form of paper soap is unique like thin sheets paper. The addition of natural compounds such as virgin coconut oil (VCO) and whey kefir in soap making could improve the quality of paper soap as herbal product. This research aims to determine the optimum formulation of herbal paper soap in three whey kefir mass composition 8%, 18% and 23%. The paper soap makes using a hot process with additional glycerin as a plasticizer. The characterization of herbal paper soap is using parameters tested of pH value, stability of foam, unsaponified fat, organoleptic test, and water content. The characteristic of paper soap has a thickness of 1 mm, smells good, and slightly yellowish. The best herbal paper soap is obtained for a composition of 8% with water content, unsaponified fat, pH, and foam stability 28%, 0.39%, 8 and 83% respectively. Therefore, the herbal paper soap with whey kefir of 8% has complied SNI no. 3532-2016 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present researchers are trying to enhance the properties of paper sheet that used widely in many fields such as printing and packaging. The enhancement of paper quality is also possible to preserve paper documents of all kinds, as they are the true record, full of the history, achievements of the human being and the intellectual and cultural of the country. It is possible to improve its physical and mechanical properties and preserve them from damage through the use of some solutions of polymeric adhesives, which act as protective barriers against water and moisture penetration. The paper also has the advantage of porosity, which has been overcome by using three types of polymeric adhesives (Nitro Cellulose, Polyvinyl alcohol acetate, and Poly methyl methacrylate, as it formed a transparent layer, that led to an increase in thickness, hardness, ability to withstand folding and tensile, and a decrease in the intensity of brightness, as polymeric solutions showed their superiority in resisting moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thamarai Selvi and Vaidya Nathan [2] discussed maximum distance on graphs. We made an extension of that paper [2]. We discussed about complete graph Kn, star graph Sn, the complete bipartite graph Km,n. In this paper, we studied about the cycle graph Cn (n being any interger ≥ 3) and the multi star graph Bm,n, where m, n are integers, both greater than or equal to 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the boiler is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) which must be reduced. Nowadays, the boiler emissions discharged into the atmosphere has not been utilized yet. An experiment of Spirulina platensis cultivation in laboratory scale with the addition of CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers has been done. CO2 flue gas with a flow rate of 0.25-0.75 L/min was added into paper mill effluent as the growth medium of Spirulina platensis. The biomass growing of Spirulina platensis, pH of medium and CO2 captured during the experiment were observed. The result indicated that CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers of the paper mill could be utilized for cultivating of Spirulina platensis. The biomass productivity of Spirulina platensis in the amount of 220 mg/L.day or 39 g/m².day could be obtained with the addition of CO2 flue gas in the flow rate of 0.75 L/min. Spirulina platensis contains protein, fat, fiber, ash and amino acids. It also contains sodium, calcium and magnesium. But it has no cadmium content. It is potentially be used as animal dietary supplements. CO2 flue gas from the boiler emission can be used for cultivation of Spirulina platensis and contribute in reducing of CO2 gas boiler emissions like greenhouse gases (GHG) by 0.20% of total CO2 added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface of filter paper was modified by an ecofriendly photografting process, carried out by using as modifiers commercial products based on fluorinated monomers with chain length ranging from C8 to C2. The grafting process was optimized mainly focusing on the properties conferred to the modified filter paper, that is hydrophobicity, oleophobicity and water-oil separation efficiency. The aim was to assess the influence of the chain length of the fluorinated monomer on the filter performance, evaluating the possibility to replace the long chain pollutant products with the safer ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we report some tests regarding the feasibility of nanodiamond to act as a cleaning/consolidation agent of papers and parchments. We carried out a series of treatments aiming to develop innovative approaches for deacidification, cleaning and consolidation. Dispersions of nanodiamond have been used as de-acidification agents of ancient papers showing the ability to sensibly reduce the acidity of the paper without using any alkaline base. Similar dispersions have been used for cleaning processes and nanodiamond demonstrated an outstanding capability to clean ancient papers and parchments avoiding the use of any solvent and surfactant. Moreover interesting results were obtained by using nanodiamond as consolidation agent. In particular, artificial aging by UV exposition was appreciably contrasted when samples were preliminarily submitted to a treatment by nanodiamond. This outcome was demonstrated in papers and parchments by Raman spectroscopy analyses that evidenced the property of nanodiamond to be an excellent UVscavenger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of non-traditional types of organic waste in vermicomposting in the territory of the middle taiga forest zone of Western Siberia in greenhouses. The main objects of the study were brewer's grains, waste from the production of the Kristal brewing company in the city of Surgut and wastewater sludge from the treatment facilities of the Gorvodokanal in Surgut. Additionally, the composition of complex composts included sand, office waste paper, waste coffee, food waste, leaf and grass litter, bird droppings and the microbiological additive ''Tamir". The compost worms of the Eisenia foetida ''Prospector" species were used as vermiculture. In a series of experiments, individuals of immature worms were used. The resulting vermicomposting is more effective in quality than the original substrates. The use of the hybrid Prospector can be effectively used in the disposal of non-traditional organic waste. Complex composts mature more efficiently when microbiological additives are added. In the studied substrates, the content of heavy metals was reduced to maximum permissible levels of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper sheets were produced from bleached kraft pulp, and office and newsprint waste paper. Nanoparticles from black alder bark, grey alder bark and pine bark as well as birch sawdust were obtained for using them as reinforcing fillers in paper. Non-extracted bark and that extracted in biorefinery were used. For producing nanoparticles, the materials were destructed using the thermocatalytic destruction method and then dispersed in water medium in a ball mill. At a sufficient concentration, gel-like dispersions were obtained, which contained nanoparticles with the size ∼300 nm. The dispersions were introduced in paper furnish in different amounts. It has been established that all the nanoparticle fillers increase the tensile index and burst index in dry and wet states. The nanoparticle fillers from extracted bark increase the mechanical indices to a higher extent. At 20% filler content, tensile index in a dry state increases in the case of non-extracted grey alder bark, black alder bark and pine bark by 28, 30 and 15%, and in the case of extracted ones - by 44, 40 and 30%, respectively; the burst index increases by 78, 19 and 4%, and 91, 25 and 14%, respectively. The nanoparticle filler from birch sawdust increases the tensile strength in a dry state by 9% and burst index by 20%. The obtained nanoparticle fillers slightly improve also the water resistance of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flocculation process has a lot of applications such as pulp and paper, food, cosmetics, and oil industries. Despite the broad application, the mechanism itself is not well understood. The development of a mathematical model to explain the emulsion flocculation phenomenon is essential for studying and understanding the kinetics stability of the emulsion system. Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) is a surfactant that is commonly used in the industry. This surfactant can be obtained from lignin sulfonation. SLS has long been used as a plasticizer, flocculant, and dispersant. SLS also has potential use in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). This study aims to examine the flocculation kinetics of crude oil emulsion systems with SLS surfactants. With the understanding of mathematical model it can be used to determine the optimal concentration of SLS required for crude oil emulsion. The emulsion stability is studied by determining percentage of emulsion with other phases while kinetics is studied by microscope observation to count the total amount of droplet on different variables, and obtain the flocculation and coalescence constant. It is observed that the addition of SLS enhances emulsion stability but adding more than 1000 ppm reduces the emulsion volume, this is because at high concentration the emulsion instability is caused by rapid coalescence. The addition of SLS concentration of at least 500 ppm can stabilize the emulsion up to 60%. The greater the SLS concentration, the smaller the flocculation constant and coalescence constant, which indicates that the emulsion is more stable. This indicates that the crude oil emulsion system is more stable than others. The order of emulsion stability (in addition to 1000 ppm SLS) is: crude oil > hexane > heptane > iso-octane. The longer the carbon chain, the higher the emulsion stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industries operating in different parts of the world mainly aim not just to maintain a constant level but to outperform and to sustain improved performance in this competitive world without any hurdles. A company must have a business model and strategy to do their work and outperform its other competitors. In the journal studied, it was shown that many companies lack a definite business model and strategy. Even if they do have a business model and strategy they are often poorly developed and many show a lack of knowledge. Having a business model does not only have a positive impact but brings very few negative impacts as well. This review paper mainly aims to demonstrate the business models in practice and their importance for a company to attract and secure investment. The better a company has a business model and strategy, must also have proper knowledge of them and know how best to implement them. These companies having business model and strategy show excellent growth compared with companies without models and strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Exterior Home Management System is all about managing the exterior activities of a house automatically without the efforts of a human. This paper involves the smart managing of four different tasks that are executed outside of the house. To begin with, the first idea is about automating the water motor based on the water level present in the water tank. The motor automatically turns on and off by constantly checking the water level in the tank. The next idea is to give notifications to the house members when any posts or deliveries like newspaper, milk packet, letters, etc., are received in the carriage box arranged outside of the main gate. Coming to the next automation that is related to the car parking shed. In this case, the gate of the car parking shed automatically opens and closes when a vehicle approaches and leaves the parking shed. Final idea is to ring a calling bell in the living room when any person is detected within the range of the main door while entering the house. The four ideas verified using simulated a victual simulation tool (Tinkercad) with Arduino Uno as a microcontroller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully developed a method utilizing colloidal CdSe nanocrystalline quantum dot for anticounterfeiting label on a piece of glossy paper. We deposited numbers and lines patterns of toluene soluble CdSe quantum dot using rubber stamper on a glossy paper. The width of line pattern was about 1-2 mm with 1-2 mm separation between lines. It required less than one minute for deposited CdSe quantum dot on glossy paper to dry and become invisible by naked eyes. However, patterned quantum dot become visible using long-pass filter glasses upon excitation of UV lamp or blue laser. We characterized photoluminescence of line patterns of quantum dot, and we found that emission boundaries of line patterns were clearly observed. The error of line size and shape were mainly due to defect of the original stamper. The emission peak wavelength of CdSe quantum dot was 629 nm. The emission spectrum of deposited quantum dot has full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30-40 nm. The spectra similarity between deposited quantum dot and the original quantum dot in solution proved that our stamping method can be simply applied on glossy paper without changing basic optical property of the quantum dot. Further development of this technique is potential for anti-counterfeiting label on very important documents or objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the feasibility, improvement and differences in improving science process skills after the application of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) on the elasticity of solid state. This research used quasi experimental method with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study population was students of class XI SMAN Jatinangor, with a sample of two classes, namely XI MIPA 6 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 2 as the control class, each of class consist of 30 students who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were CoRe, PaP-eRs, AABTLT with SAS and questions of science process skills. The average acquisition value of the CoRe instrument on the elasticity of solids is 91.7 with the PCK maturing category or level 3. The average N-Gain in the experimental class was 0.55 in.the medium category and the control class was 0.30 in.the moderate category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding of the two metal are become advance with technological innovation. Fusion method of the material is also incorporated in the welding of the aluminum, specially die casted aluminum A number of the experiment had been done to find out the best way to weld the aluminum and method come as the friction stir welding (FSW). The optimize condition were created for the welding and analyzed to check it the problem associated with the aluminum welding. the result for the condition is come out as optimum condition will have depended upon the down force of the plunge tool. During the analysis of the welding three different conditions have been notify as first condition was related with excess of the passing heat which results in the more flash mass and second one is produced when the proper heat is not passing to the work piece and formed a cavity and last one is cavity formation due to abnormal melting of the metal. The tool plunges down force effect is low for this aspect of defect, although the magnitude of the imperfection due to inadequate heat contribution decreases meaningfully as the down force increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 has become a global concern as it has ended the lives of lakhs of people. The study done by. Lin proposed the results of an analysis of a theoretical computational model of epidemiology taking into account the crucial components such as response of an individual behavior, measures taken by government, rapid transmission and emigration of fever virus to a huge extent of human population. Simple model framework has been used by them to examine the requirements of essential elements.Problem: We claim the perfect validation of the assumptions stated for the purpose of modeling and its analysis, however, the analytical solution of the presented model is not discussed. And thus have a poor potential to make computational estimates.Methodology adopted: We have tried to present and validate the mathematical/analytic solution of the developed model, considering their assumptions.Conclusion: We have reached to the outcome that the work presented by Q. Lin should be demonstrated adequately with a cautionary advice of not to consider the results and analysis of such numerical models.The current study proposed the results of an analysis of a theoretical computational model of epidemiology taking into account the crucial components such as response of an individual behavior, measures taken by government, rapid transmission and emigration of fever virus to a huge extent of human population. Simple model framework has been used by them to examine the requirements of essential elements. We claim the perfect validation of the assumptions stated for the purpose of modeling and its analysis, however, the analytical solution of the presented model is not discussed. The decision point of this work is to adequately demonstrate along with the cautionary advice of not to use the outcomes and analysis of such numerical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses on the applications of non-traditional method. There is different non-conventional optimization are reviewed to solve the optimization problems. In this survey, the methods we are going to review are Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA), Pattern Search Algorithm (PSA), Sal Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and Gradient Based Algorithm (GBA). These methods are approach to find the optimization methods can solve the linear and non-linear optimization problems and results the global values. These methods are broadly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic technologies are overgrowing with an improvement in their capabilities, such as "autonomy" and "mobility". The two main forces driving these advancements are economics and safety. Often referred to as the "three D's": Dirty, Dangerous and Dull, many tasks performed by humans are either dangerous, such as tactical reconnaissance, or highly repetitive, such as patrolling in an industrial factory. Autonomous Mobile Robots are often well suited to these tasks because they can be more consistent and relatively expendable. These robots have historically been designed to replace humans in these dangerous and dull tasks, which means they are designed with human-like capabilities. There is a growth in the development of intelligent systems based on mobile sensors due to increased demand for automated surveillance of indoor and outdoor environments, such as production plants, airports, warehouses, military etc. The fundamental optimization problems related to environmental map representation, localization, navigation, and surveillance tasks have been addressed entirely in most robotic surveillance schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we have reported surface roughness of silver nano particle treated handmade paper sheets using electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI). Paper sheets are specially designed for showing antimicrobial activities. Surface roughness values of nano particle treated paper sheets were compared with untreated paper sheets. Typical surface roughness was found to be in range of 100-200 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the utilization of hypo sludge in bricks and its characteristics have been tested. Hypo sludge is a byproduct obtained in huge quantity from paper industry. The reference bricks are manufactured with the ingredients of cement, fly ash, quarry dust and lime. Hypo sludge contains high value of CaO, so that the study on hypo sludge partially replaced on lime in reference to bricks. Hypo sludge is traditional material used on lime in various percentages of 10%, 15% and 20%. The preliminary test conducted was compression and water absorption and the experimental results indicate with sustainability on environmental and also prevent the wastages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes an information system for filing and presenting graduate qualification papers of university students. It was developed using HTML5, PHP 7.2, MySQL 5.7, JQuery, AJAX, Yii2 and Materialize frameworks. The main qualities of the system on the part of student contribution were evaluated using a questionnaire method among 124 respondents who took part in it. This paper presents the results of the data analysis and specifies the tools used in designing a system for the university. It also describes the modules and algorithms of the information system operation: the management of the system users, the organization of control and checking of the works by the department staff. It shows a practical use of the system in the learning process in 2019-2021. Further development of the system is to develop a more automated system to monitor the work of the departments and to make up analyst queries for punctual data entry of graduate qualification works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G (V, E) be a simple graph with p vertices and q edges. Let φ: V (G)→Z5 – {0} be a function and φ*: E(G)→Z4 defined by φ * (u v) = ⌈ φ (u) φ (v) ⌉ (modulo 4) where φ (u) ≥ φ (v).. If | v φ (i) − v φ (j) | ≤ 1 , 1 ≤ i , j ≤ 4, i ≠ j and |e φ (k) - e φ (1) | ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ k , l ≤ 3 , k ≠ l then φ is quotient-4 cordial labeling of G, where vφ(x) and eφ(y) denote the number of vertices labeled with x and the number of edges labeled with y. Here some unicycle graphs such as cycle graph, dragon graph, and crown graph are proved to be quotient-4 cordial graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in GHG emissions every year is produced by various activities, including school. School is one of the educational institutions that contribute to the implementation of sustainability practices, one of which is through the identification of carbon footprints. This paper aims to calculate the carbon footprint from school activities and CO2 emission absorb by vegetation in school open spaces. In this study, the carbon footprint was carried out from several sources according to The GHG Protocol, i.e., electricity consumption, LPG use in the school canteen, paper use, and transportation activities. Data was collected by a questionnaire survey to teachers, staff, and students. Emissions from the activities are calculated in CO2eq. The results showed that the carbon footprint produced from school activities was 83.04 tonCO2eq/year, with the largest portion of carbon footprint coming from the transportation of students, teachers, and staff, followed by electricity, paper use, and LPG. The existing vegetation in the school open space is only able to absorb carbon of 3 tonCO2eq/year from the total carbon footprint. Recommendations for reducing carbon footprint are planting more Red shoots (Syzygium oleana) on school grounds and vertical gardens with a green wall system using several types of plants. The estimated absorption by addition vegetation is 5.83 tonCO2eq/year. The total carbon footprint that can be reduced by school open space is 8.83 tonCO2eq/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. This paper conveys outcome of the theoretical and empirical implementation of Strategic Marketing, within scope of Asians, including Indonesian as its Stakeholders. As background information, the sustainability has been elaborated merely as asymmetrical aspects in one of the following Trilogy of People-Profit-Planet, instead of Penta Helix Perspectives. Purpose of the study and its purpose, technically refer to the anthropometric characteristics of Asian, to adapt its Strategic Marketing, within Engineering Multidisciplinary and Stakeholder Perspective. In order to elaborate Sustainable Product and Service Systems Engineering; this paper elaborates Quantitative Approach, and to some extent ready for the Mixed Methods; in order to arrive at decision making on the best strategy in strategic marketing toward Asians' Stakeholder. As Conclusion, specific attention is focused on the Strategic Marketing on particular Promotion Table. In addition to that, the conclusion that Future Research is suggested to be constantly updated, in order to adapt to continual Anthropometric of Asians Characteristics. Ultimately, The aforementioned Sustainability is intertwined with multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering (IE), Architecture (ARC) and Product Design Engineering (PDE) on Strategic Marketing (SM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve competitiveness and increase the scientific and technical potential of both an individual enterprise and the country as a whole, thanks to the rapid development of the economy and its digitalization, it became necessary to apply methods to maintain competitiveness and increase scientific and technical potential, to work out and develop new approaches that will be able to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the modern market, considering employees' ownership of a particular technology and the ability to improve it using team creativity. The work aims to study the dependence of the creation of new technology, and, consequently, to achieve a leading position in terms of science intensity at all stages of technological forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is, to identify Corona virus contact using Internet of things. To monitor the temperature by using a non-contact temperature sensor. The main symptom of the virus is fever. So scan the temperature of all humans is not possible. This paper is done manually. It is very difficult to all over the state. In this paper, the device detects the temperature and generates the all details in the database automatically. Expecting to this issue, the paper presents a sort of internal heat level disseminated screen framework. Multi-temperature sensors DS18B20 were associated with acknowledge internal heat level sign assortment, SCM AT89C52 processes estimation sign and drives field show and disturbing hardware work. The main symptom of the virus is fever. So scan the temperature of all humans is not possible. This paper is done manually. It is very difficult to all over the state. In this paper, the device detects the temperature and generates the all details in the database automatically. Intending to this issue, the paper presents a sort of internal heat level conveyed screen framework. Multi-temperature sensors were associated with acknowledge internal heat level sign assortment, SCM AT89C52 processes evaluation sign and drives field show and disturbing stuffwork. The objective of this paper is to plan and cultivate an interior hotness level assessment contraption that should be visible to the expert ceaselessly similarly as credible data through the web with an alert/sign if there ought to be an event of abnormalities. This paper is just zeroing in on inside heat level remote seeing frameworks. The temperature sensors will send the readings to a microcontroller utilizing remote. To send the steady data to the prosperity noticing informational collection, a distant area (WLAN) has been used. Arduino with Ethernet defend reliant upon IEEE 802.11 standard has been used hence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exact and approximate theoretical analysis of the wavelengths of plate wave mode propagation in all planar directions for the dispersive antisymmetric Lamb wave mode are compared with measurements from a laser ultrasonic imaging approach that records the out of plane ultrasonic motion over a large area in a single frame without scanning. Good agreement is demonstrated, based on independent determination of the elastic constants, for two different types of paper. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deforestation issues were increased dramatically every year especially in order for the production of paper. This was caused by the demand for making paper and furniture from wood sources. The supply of paper nowadays all depends on the wood. This experiment has been conducted to analyses the viability of magnetic pineapple leaves paper as a replacement for paper production and to analyses the morphology properties of pineapple leaves fiber. The introduction of filler in this research is to alter one or more paper properties such as texture, opacity, brightness, basis weight, dimensional stability, ink absorbency and overall printability. Commonly, most fillers are from clay, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate. Thus, the ferrite magnet was used as the filler to ensure it has the same properties as the commercial filler. The pineapple leaves fiber then will be undertaking Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which was used for characterization. Through the characterization under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the surface morphology of the magnetics pineapple leaves paper was changed due to the effect of the gamma radiation and by the degradation on the pineapple leaves fiber. Besides, for FTIR spectroscopy, the result indicated that pineapple leaves fiber was suitable for papermaking where the absorption peak is between 3400 - 2400 cm−1 and shows the presence of O-H and C-H bonds in polysaccharides for both magnetic and non-magnetic irradiated pineapple leaves paper. The magnetics pineapple leaves paper shows the good properties, as well as other commercial papers and this, will give many benefits to reduce the use of wood for making pulp and one of the efforts towards green technology and new invention on papermaking production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of wood, especially waste of twigs of wood is influenced by chemical composition. This study aims to determine the chemical components of wood twigs. The chemical analysis which were examined covered solubilities in cold water, hot water, alcohol benzen and solubility in NaOH 1%, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and lignin based on the TAPPI (Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries) standard. The results showed that twig of Aquilaria malaccensis contains extractives that dissolves in cold water, hot water, alcohol benzen and solubility in NaOH each 2.61%; 3.28%; 33.36%, and 1% is 4.75%. While hollocelulose, alpha cellulose, and lignin are 76.55%; 45.09% and 26.55%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed the modelling and simulation of generator protection for power system using digital reverse power relay. The operations of the power plant are often interrupted by the reverse power generation. Therefore, generators need to be closely monitored and controlled. In this study, 11 kV synchronous generators are connected to 220 kV load through a step-up transformer, and a new model of reverse power relay is added for generator protection. The reverse power relay proposed in this paper is a digital relay with high accuracy and high reacting speed. Several cases based on various types of mechanical inputs to the generator were studied to test the operation of the reverse power relay. This simulation was done using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the 11 kV generator protection is successful with this new model reverse power relay. Besides, the simulation results were similar result compared to the theory result. From the simulation results, the integral output of the relay will reach the threshold value 'L' whenever there is a reversed power flow fault found in the system. Consequently, the relay will be triggered to provide protection for the generator. This model has been added into online resources of MATLAB Power System Tools. In addition, this model may also help the engineers to develop the analytical skills under various conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]