20 results on '"S. Bonora"'
Search Results
2. Intrathecal production of anti-Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen IgG is associated with neurocognition and tau proteins in people with HIV.
- Author
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Trunfio M, Sacchi A, Vai D, Pittaluga F, Croce M, Cavallo R, Imperiale D, Bonora S, Di Perri G, Letendre SL, and Calcagno A
- Subjects
- Humans, Antibodies, Viral, Biomarkers, Capsid, Cross-Sectional Studies, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Immunoglobulin G, tau Proteins cerebrospinal fluid, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infection has been linked to increased immune activation and larger HIV reservoir. We assessed whether anti-EBV humoral responses are associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation and with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH)., Design: Cross-sectional analysis in 123 EBV-seropositive PWH either on antiretroviral therapy ( n = 70) or not., Methods: Serum and CSF anti-EBV viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin G (anti-EVI) and CSF EBV DNA were measured by commercial immunoassay and RT-PCR. Seventy-eight participants without neurological confounding factors underwent neurocognitive assessment (Global Deficit Score, GDS). CSF total tau and 181-phosphorylated-tau (ptau) were measured by immunoassays together with biomarkers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immune activation, astrocytosis, and intrathecal synthesis. Logistic and linear regressions and moderation analysis were used to investigate the relationships between CSF anti-EVI, GDS, and biomarkers., Results: Twenty-one (17.1%) and 22 participants (17.9%) had detectable CSF anti-EVI (10.5-416.0 U/ml) and CSF EBV DNA (25-971 copies/ml). After adjusting for BBB integrity, age, and clinical factors, the presence of CSF anti-EVI was only associated with serum levels of anti-EVI, and not with CSF EBV DNA. CSF anti-EVI, tau and ptau showed reciprocal interactions affecting their associations with GDS. After adjusting for demographics and clinical parameters, higher CSF anti-EVI levels were associated with worse GDS (aβ 0.45, P < 0.001), and CSF levels of tau and ptau had a moderation effect on the strength of this association (models' P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Humoral immune responses against EBV within the central nervous system may contribute to NCI in PWH through mechanisms that involve neuronal injury., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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3. Lower aids-related hospitalizations in women living with HIV multidrug resistance.
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Papaioannu Borjesson R, Galli L, Lolatto R, Menzaghi B, Feasi M, Gulminetti R, Fornabaio C, Cattelan AM, Bonora S, Lagi F, Zazzi M, Castagna A, and Spagnuolo V
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- Female, Humans, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data
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- 2024
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4. Dual antiretroviral therapies are effective and safe regimens in the central nervous system of neurologically symptomatic people living with HIV.
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Trunfio M, Rugge W, Mighetto L, Vai D, Atzori C, Nigra M, Domini S, Borgogno E, Guastamacchia G, Bonora S, Di Perri G, and Calcagno A
- Subjects
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases virology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections cerebrospinal fluid, HIV Infections complications, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral, Retrospective Studies, Cerebrospinal Fluid virology, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 drug effects, Neurocognitive Disorders drug therapy, Viral Load drug effects
- Abstract
Objective: Aim of this study was to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) virological control, biomarkers and neurocognition of neurologically symptomatic patients on dual antiretroviral therapies (dual therapy) vs. 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based three-drug regimens (triple therapy)., Design: Retrospective monocentric cross-sectional study., Methods: We analysed data from people living with HIV undergoing lumbar puncture for clinical/research reasons with plasma HIV-RNA less than 200 copies/ml and neurological/neurocognitive symptoms without significant contributing comorbidities. We measured CSF HIV-RNA, inflammation, blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal damage and astrocytosis biomarkers (five biomarkers by ELISA and five indices by immunoturbidimetry) and recorded the neurocognitive performance (14 tests). CSF escape was defined as any case of CSF HIV-RNA 0.5 Log10 higher than viraemia or any case of detectable CSF HIV-RNA coupled with undetectable viraemia., Results: A total of 78 patients on triple therapy and 19 on dual therapy were included. Overall, 75.3% male, median age 51 years (46-58), current CD4 count 545 cells/μl (349-735), time on current regimens 18 months (8-29), but length of plasma suppression 32 months (14-94). The two groups did not differ in terms of HIV-associated neurological diagnoses, demographic and viro-immunological features. Undetectable CSF HIV-RNA (73.7% in dual therapy vs. 78.2% in triple therapy, p.67) and CSF escape (21.1% in dual therapy vs. 19.2% in triple therapy, p.86) did not differ. No difference was observed in depression, anxiety, neurocognition (in 63 participants) nor in any tested biomarker., Conclusion: In people living with HIV with neurological/neurocognitive symptoms, peripherally effective dual therapy can show CSF virosuppression, inflammation, neuronal and astrocyte integrity and neurocognition comparable to triple therapy.
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- 2020
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5. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with greater HIV RNA and inflammation.
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Lupia T, Milia MG, Atzori C, Gianella S, Audagnotto S, Imperiale D, Mighetto L, Pirriatore V, Gregori G, Lipani F, Ghisetti V, Bonora S, Di Perri G, and Calcagno A
- Subjects
- Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral Load, DNA, Viral cerebrospinal fluid, HIV Infections cerebrospinal fluid, HIV Infections complications, Herpesvirus 4, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
Objective: The current study aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was associated with viral, inflammatory and neuronal damage biomarkers in people living with HIV (PLWH)., Design: A cross-sectional diagnostic study on CSF fluid samples in patients undergoing lumbar punctures for clinical reasons, to better understand the role of EBV and CMV in the CNS on HIV RNA replication, blood-brain-barrier (BBB) damage and biomarkers of neuronal damage/inflammation., Methods: EBV, CMV DNA and HIV RNA were measured on CSF, through real time (RT)-PCR, from PLWHs undergoing lumbar punctures for clinical reasons (excluding oncho-haematological comorbidities). Immune-enzymatic assays evaluated blood-brain barrier inflammation and damage. Patients were stratified according to plasma HIV RNA levels in viremic (≥50 copies/ml) and aviremic (<50 copies/ml)., Results: We included 297 participants. Among 167 viremic patients CSF EBV and CMV DNA were detectable in 42 (25.1%) and 10 (6.3%) participants; among 130 aviremic individuals CSF EBV and CMV DNA were detectable in 12 (9.2%) and 0 (0%) participants, respectively. In viremic group detectable CSF EBV DNA was associated with CSF pleocytosis (P < 0.001), higher CSF HIV RNA (P < 0.001) and neopterin levels (P = 0.002). In aviremic participants detectable EBV DNA was associated with pleocytosis (P = 0.056), higher neopterin (P = 0.027) and immune globulins (P = 0.016) in the CSF; CSF escape was more common in those with detectable EBV DNA (50 vs. 21.2%, P = 0.036)., Conclusion: EBV DNA was frequently detected in the CSF of viremic and fewer aviremic patients on antiretroviral treatment. In PLWH without clinical evidence of encephalitis CSF EBV DNA was associated with higher biomarkers levels of neuronal damage/inflammation. The role of EBV reactivation in HIV-associated central nervous system disorders warrants further studies.
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- 2020
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6. Switching from efavirenz to rilpivirine improves sleep quality and self-perceived cognition but has no impact on neurocognitive performances.
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Lapadula G, Bernasconi DP, Bai F, Focà E, Di Biagio A, Bonora S, Castelli F, Squillace N, Bandera A, Monforte AD, Migliorino GM, and Gori A
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- Adult, Alkynes adverse effects, Anti-HIV Agents adverse effects, Benzoxazines adverse effects, Cyclopropanes adverse effects, Emtricitabine, Female, HIV Infections psychology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, RNA, Viral, Rilpivirine adverse effects, Tenofovir, Viral Load, Alkynes therapeutic use, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Benzoxazines therapeutic use, Cognition drug effects, Cyclopropanes therapeutic use, Drug Substitution, HIV Infections drug therapy, Rilpivirine therapeutic use, Sleep drug effects
- Abstract
Background: Efavirenz (EFV) association with neurocognitive impairment is debated. Whether switching away from EFV improves neurocognitive performances is still controversial., Methods: In a randomized open-label controlled trial, patients under effective treatment with tenofovir disoproxil-fumarate (TDF), emtricitabine (FTC) and EFV, who had altered neurocognitive assessment (z-transformed score below -1 in at least one cognitive domain), depression, anxiety or low sleep-quality, were randomized 1 : 1 to immediate or delayed (24-weeks) switch to TDF/FTC/rilpivirine (RPV). Treatment efficacy, neurocognitive function, symptoms and quality of life were evaluated 12, 24 and 48 weeks after randomization., Findings: Seventy-four patients were randomized to immediate (36 patients) or delayed switch (38 patients). At baseline, 63 and 25% of patients had z-scores below -1 in at least one or two neurocognitive domains, 31.1, 17.6 and 44.6% had significant depression or anxiety symptoms or low sleep quality. At week 24 (primary end-point), overall neurocognitive improvement was observed, with no statistically significant differences between arms, neither considering the global z score (between arms difference +0.1; P = 0.458), nor domain-specific z scores. Patients switching away from EFV had significant greater improvement of sleep quality index (between-arm difference -1.5; P = 0.011), self-reported cognitive failures (-6.2; P = 0.001) and CNS symptoms score (-5; P = 0.002), but not of anxiety or depression. No protocol defined virological failure, grade at least 3 lab abnormalities or drug-related serious adverse events were reported., Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that switching to RPV improves cognitive function in patient under stable treatment with EFV. Nonetheless, improvements in neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep quality and self-perceived cognition were observed.
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- 2020
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7. Switch to dolutegravir and unboosted atazanavir in HIV-1 infected patients with undetectable viral load and long exposure to antiretroviral therapy.
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Castagna A, Rusconi S, Gulminetti R, Bonora S, Mazzola G, Quiros-Roldan ME, De Socio GV, Ladisa N, Carosella S, Cattelan A, Di Giambenedetto S, Mena M, Poli A, Galli L, and Riva A
- Subjects
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV-1 drug effects, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Oxazines, Piperazines, Pyridones, RNA, Viral blood, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Atazanavir Sulfate therapeutic use, Drug Substitution, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Integrase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring therapeutic use
- Abstract
: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a two-drug regimen including dolutegravir (DTG) and unboosted atazanavir (uATV) in 151 HIV-1 infected patients with HIV-RNA of more than 50 copies/ml. During a median follow-up of 62 (42-97) weeks, two virological failures (1%) and 13 treatment discontinuations (9%) occurred; the 48-week probability of virological failure was 0.8% (95% confidence interval 0.2-5.6%). Switch to DTG + uATV may represent a boosting and transcriptase reverse inhibitors sparing otion in individuals with long exposure to antiretroviral therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease.
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- 2019
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8. HIV-1 detection in the olfactory mucosa of HIV-1-infected participants.
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Bertero L, Joseph SB, Trunfio M, Allice T, Catera S, Imperiale D, Cassoni P, Kincer LP, Pirriatore V, Ghisetti V, Amasio E, Zanusso G, Bonora S, Di Perri G, and Calcagno A
- Subjects
- Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid virology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plasma virology, RNA, Viral analysis, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Olfactory Mucosa virology
- Abstract
Objective: HIV infection chronically affects the central nervous system (CNS). Olfactory mucosa is a unique site in the respiratory tract that is directly connected to the CNS; thus we wanted to evaluate olfactory mucosa as a surrogate of CNS sampling., Design: We conducted a preliminary study examining HIV populations and susceptible cells in the olfactory mucosa., Methods: Olfactory mucosa was sampled by minimally invasive brushing. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses were performed as per routine clinical procedures. Olfactory marker protein, CD4+, CD8+, and trans-activator of transcription (TAT) expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Plasma, CSF, and olfactory mucosa HIV-RNA were quantified using the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan assay, whereas HIV proviral DNA was evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cell and olfactory mucosa. HIV-1 env deep sequencing was performed for phylogenetic analysis., Results: Among ART-naive participants, 88.2% (15/17), and among ART-treated participants, 21.4% (6/28) had detectable HIV-RNA in samples from their olfactory mucosa; CSF escape was more common in patients with olfactory mucosa escape (50 vs. 7.9%; P = 0.010). Olfactory mucosa samples contained few cells positive for CD4, CD8, or HIV-DNA, and no HIV TAT-positive cells, indicating that this approach efficiently samples virions in the olfactory mucosa, but not HIV-infected cells. Yet, using a deep sequencing approach to phylogenetically compare partial HIV env genes in five untreated participants, we identified distinct viral lineages in the OM., Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that nasal brushing is a well tolerated and useful technique for sampling the olfactory mucosa. HIV-RNA was detected in most naïve and in some treated patients, warranting larger longitudinal studies.
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- 2019
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9. Tenofovir clearance is reduced in HIV-positive patients with subclinical tubular impairment.
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Calcagno A, Cusato J, Marinaro L, Simiele M, Lucchiari M, Alcantarini C, Tettoni MC, Trentini L, Mengozzi G, D'Avolio A, Di Perri G, and Bonora S
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-HIV Agents administration & dosage, Asymptomatic Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Kidney Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Plasma chemistry, Tenofovir administration & dosage, Urine chemistry, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacokinetics, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, Renal Insufficiency pathology, Tenofovir pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Objective: To assess if tenofovir (TFV) clearance is associated with urinary retinal-binding protein (RBP) in HIV-positive patients with normal estimated filtration rate., Design: A cross-sectional diagnostic study., Methods: HIV-positive patients with estimated creatinine clearance above 60 ml/min, on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing combination since at least 6 months, taking TDF at night, and without significant comorbidities (diabetes, untreated hypertension, known renal malformations, recurrent nephrolithiasis) and nephrotoxic drugs were included. TFV plasma and urinary concentrations were measured 12 h after drug intake (C12). RBP was measured through enzyme immunoassay kit on spot urines and corrected per urinary creatinine (uRBP/uCr); normality ranges were below 130 μg/g (in patients aged <50 years) and below 172 μg/g (in patients aged ≥50 years)., Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were included (median age of 45.8 years, 71.6% male and 85.4% whites); patients were concomitantly treated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (155, 53.6%), protease inhibitors (118, 40.8%), or integrase inhibitors (16, 5.5%)-containing regimens. Estimated creatinine clearance was 89.4 ml/min (78.6-105.9). Urinary RBP (uRBP) and uRBP/uCr were 204.6 ng/ml (92-380) and 169.7 μg/g (85.8-318.3), respectively; abnormally high uRBP/uCr was observed in 157 patients (54.3%). A multivariate binary logistic regression confirmed that both ethnicity (P = 0.004, β 2.93, 95% confidence interval 1.41-6.10) and TFV urinary C12 less than 21 mg/ml (P = 0.006, β 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.12-3.41) were significantly associated with abnormal uRBP/uCr., Conclusion: HIV-positive TDF-treated patients showed a high prevalence of proximal tubular impairment: ethnicity (whites) and low urinary TFV concentrations were significantly associated with elevated uRBP. SDC VIDEO:: http://links.lww.com/QAD/A852.
- Published
- 2016
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10. Impact of body weight on virological and immunological responses to efavirenz-containing regimens in HIV-infected, treatment-naive adults.
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Marzolini C, Sabin C, Raffi F, Siccardi M, Mussini C, Launay O, Burger D, Roca B, Fehr J, Bonora S, Mocroft A, Obel N, Dauchy FA, Zangerle R, Gogos C, Gianotti N, Ammassari A, Torti C, Ghosn J, Chêne G, Grarup J, and Battegay M
- Subjects
- Adult, Alkynes, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cohort Studies, Cyclopropanes, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Benzoxazines administration & dosage, Benzoxazines therapeutic use, Body Weight, HIV Infections drug therapy, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among HIV-infected patients. Whether standard antiretroviral drug dosage is adequate in heavy individuals remains unresolved. We assessed the virological and immunological responses to initial efavirenz (EFV)-containing regimens in heavy compared to normal-weight HIV-infected patients., Design: Observational European cohort collaboration study., Methods: Eligible patients were antiretroviral-naïve with documented weight prior to EFV start and follow-up viral loads after treatment initiation. Cox regression analyses evaluated the association between weight and time to first undetectable viral load (<50 copies/ml) after treatment initiation, and time to viral load rebound (two consecutive viral load >50 copies/ml) after initial suppression over 5 years of follow-up. Recovery of CD4 cell count was evaluated 6 and 12 months after EFV initiation. Analyses were stratified by weight (kg) group (I - <55; II - >55, <80 (reference); III - >80, <85; IV - >85, <90; V - >90, <95; VI - >95)., Results: The study included 19,968 patients, of whom 9.1, 68.3, 9.1, 5.8, 3.5, and 4.3% were in weight groups I-VI, respectively. Overall, 81.1% patients attained virological suppression, of whom 34.1% subsequently experienced viral load rebound. After multiple adjustments, no statistical difference was observed in time to undetectable viral load and virological rebound for heavier individuals compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Although heaviest individuals had significantly higher CD4 cell count at baseline, CD4 cell recovery at 6 and 12 months after EFV initiation was comparable to normal-weight individuals., Conclusion: Virological and immunological responses to initial EFV-containing regimens were not impaired in heavy individuals, suggesting that the standard 600 mg EFV dosage is appropriate across a wide weight range.
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- 2015
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11. No pharmacokinetic interaction between raltegravir and amlodipine: importance for co-prescribing in ageing HIV-infected individuals.
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Singh GJ, Jackson A, D'Avolio A, Else L, De Nicolò A, Bonora S, Di Perri G, Khoo S, Back D, Moyle G, and Boffito M
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- Adult, Amlodipine therapeutic use, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Chromatography, Liquid, Cross-Over Studies, Female, HIV Infections complications, Humans, Hypertension complications, Male, Middle Aged, Plasma chemistry, Pyrrolidinones therapeutic use, Raltegravir Potassium, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Time Factors, Young Adult, Amlodipine pharmacokinetics, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacokinetics, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacokinetics, Drug Interactions, HIV Infections drug therapy, Hypertension drug therapy, Pyrrolidinones pharmacokinetics
- Published
- 2014
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12. Determinants of darunavir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations: impact of once-daily dosing and pharmacogenetics.
- Author
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Calcagno A, Yilmaz A, Cusato J, Simiele M, Bertucci R, Siccardi M, Marinaro L, D'Avolio A, Di Perri G, and Bonora S
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood-Brain Barrier, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Darunavir, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV Infections blood, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Protease Inhibitors administration & dosage, HIV Protease Inhibitors metabolism, Humans, Male, Mass Spectrometry, Middle Aged, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Ritonavir administration & dosage, Ritonavir metabolism, Sulfonamides administration & dosage, Sulfonamides metabolism, HIV Infections cerebrospinal fluid, HIV Protease Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Ritonavir pharmacokinetics, Sulfonamides pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Objectives: To compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) darunavir and ritonavir concentrations in patients receiving darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily or 600/100 mg twice daily. To determine the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding for blood-brain barrier transporters (ABCB1 3435 C>T, ABCB1 1236 C>T, ABCB1 2677 G>T, SLCO1A2 38 A>G, SLCO1A2 516 A>C, ABCC2 -24 G>A) on darunavir and ritonavir penetration into CSF., Design: Comparative pharmacokinetics study in patients., Methods: Plasma and CSF darunavir and ritonavir concentrations (2-26 h after drug intake) were determined by a validated HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry method in adults on darunavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy undergoing a lumbar puncture., Results: HIV-infected patients on once-daily darunavir/ritonavir had significantly lower CSF darunavir trough concentrations and CSF-to-plasma ratios than patients on darunavir/ritonavir twice-daily (10.7 versus 38.2 ng/ml and 0.32 versus 0.90%; P < 0.05). No significant effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding for blood-brain barrier transporters was noted apart from slightly higher CSF darunavir penetration in patients carrying OATP1A2 uncommon variants., Conclusions: This is the first study to compare darunavir CSF concentrations in patients taking the once-daily or the twice-daily dosage: our data show that darunavir and ritonavir dosing significantly affects not only CSF concentrations but also the extent of drug penetration into the CSF. Furthermore a minority of patients in the once-daily arm presented very low CSF concentration of potential concern for HIV control in the central nervous system. The relative importance of pharmacogenetics in influencing CSF darunavir pharmacokinetics deserves further clinical investigation.
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- 2012
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13. Tenofovir and emtricitabine cerebrospinal fluid-to-plasma ratios correlate to the extent of blood-brainbarrier damage.
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Calcagno A, Bonora S, Simiele M, Rostagno R, Tettoni MC, Bonasso M, Romito A, Imperiale D, D'Avolio A, and Di Perri G
- Subjects
- Adenine adverse effects, Adult, Blood-Brain Barrier injuries, Deoxycytidine adverse effects, Emtricitabine, Female, HIV Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Tenofovir, Adenine analogs & derivatives, Blood-Brain Barrier drug effects, Deoxycytidine analogs & derivatives, HIV Infections drug therapy, Organophosphonates adverse effects
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- 2011
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14. Impairment in kidney tubular function in patients receiving tenofovir is associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations.
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Rodríguez-Nóvoa S, Labarga P, D'avolio A, Barreiro P, Albalate M, Vispo E, Solera C, Siccardi M, Bonora S, Di Perri G, and Soriano V
- Subjects
- Adenine adverse effects, Adenine blood, HIV Infections blood, Humans, Kidney Function Tests, Kidney Tubules drug effects, Kidney Tubules injuries, Organophosphonates blood, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors blood, Tenofovir, Adenine analogs & derivatives, HIV Infections drug therapy, Kidney Diseases chemically induced, Organophosphonates adverse effects, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors adverse effects
- Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV) is a nucleotide analogue active against HIV and hepatitis B virus. Although TFV rarely affects the glomerular function, abnormalities in the kidney tubular function appear to be quite common. The relationship between TFV exposure and kidney tubular dysfunction (KTD) was examined prospectively in 92 HIV-infected individuals. Median TFV plasma trough concentration was higher in patients with KTD than in the rest (182 vs. 106 ng/ml; P = 0.001). This dose-dependent effect further supports an involvement of TFV in KTD.
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- 2010
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15. Raltegravir penetration in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-positive patients.
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Calcagno A, Bonora S, Bertucci R, Lucchini A, D'Avolio A, and Di Perri G
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- Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Chromatography, Liquid, HIV Infections cerebrospinal fluid, HIV Infections complications, Humans, Male, Pyrrolidinones cerebrospinal fluid, RNA, Viral, Raltegravir Potassium, Spinal Puncture, Young Adult, AIDS Dementia Complex prevention & control, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1, Pyrrolidinones pharmacokinetics
- Published
- 2010
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16. Unexpected drug-drug interaction between tipranavir/ritonavir and enfuvirtide.
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González de Requena D, Calcagno A, Bonora S, Ladetto L, D'Avolio A, Sciandra M, Siccardi M, Bargiacchi O, Sinicco A, and Di Perri G
- Subjects
- Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cohort Studies, Drug Interactions, Enfuvirtide, Female, HIV Envelope Protein gp41 therapeutic use, HIV Fusion Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, HIV Fusion Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Protease Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV-1, Half-Life, Humans, Male, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use, Pyridines therapeutic use, Pyrones therapeutic use, Ritonavir therapeutic use, Sulfonamides, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacokinetics, Peptide Fragments pharmacokinetics, Pyridines pharmacokinetics, Pyrones pharmacokinetics, Ritonavir pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Fifty-five patients placed on tipranavir/ritonavir 500/200 mg twice a day (27 with enfuvirtide and 28 without) underwent tipranavir and ritonavir plasma concentration measurements by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Markedly higher tipranavir and ritonavir trough concentrations were observed in enfuvirtide recipients. The modelling of sparse plasma samples using a first order absorption and elimination monocompartmental model without time lag predicted higher tipranavir elimination half-life and volume of distribution in enfuvirtide takers. This unexpected drug-drug interaction warrants further investigation.
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- 2006
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17. Enfurvitide prevents vertical transmission of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 in pregnancy but does not cross the placenta.
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Brennan-Benson P, Pakianathan M, Rice P, Bonora S, Chakraborty R, Sharland M, and Hay P
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- Adult, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral, Enfuvirtide, Female, HIV Fusion Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, HIV Fusion Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Peptide Fragments pharmacokinetics, Pregnancy, HIV Envelope Protein gp41 therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 drug effects, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy
- Abstract
The use of previously successful antiretroviral regimens in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) prevention will be increasingly challenged by the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV. We used enfurvitide together with an optimized antiretroviral backbone to prevent the MTCT prevention of MDR HIV in two pregnant women. The measurement of maternal and foetal peripheral blood levels of enfurvitide showed no evidence of transplacental transfer.
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- 2006
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18. Detection of stavudine concentrations in plasma of HIV-infected patients taking zidovudine.
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Bonora S, Boffito M, D'Avolio A, Sciandra M, Caci AM, Conta F, Sinicco A, De Rosa FG, and Di Perri G
- Subjects
- Drug Monitoring methods, Humans, Anti-HIV Agents blood, HIV Infections blood, Stavudine blood, Zidovudine blood
- Published
- 2004
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19. Intra-individual variability in lopinavir plasma trough concentrations supports therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Boffito M, Back DJ, Hoggard PG, Caci A, Bonora S, Raiteri R, Sinicco A, Reynolds HE, Khoo S, and Di Perri G
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-HIV Agents blood, Drug Monitoring, Female, HIV Protease Inhibitors blood, Humans, Lopinavir, Male, Middle Aged, Pyrimidinones blood, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, Pyrimidinones therapeutic use
- Published
- 2003
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20. Clinical use of lopinavir/ritonavir in a salvage therapy setting: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
- Author
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Boffito M, Arnaudo I, Raiteri R, Bonora S, Sinicco A, Di Garbo A, Reynolds HE, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, and Di Perri G
- Subjects
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections immunology, HIV Infections virology, HIV Protease genetics, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, Lopinavir, Male, Mutation, Pyrimidinones therapeutic use, Ritonavir therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Protease Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Pyrimidinones pharmacokinetics, Ritonavir pharmacokinetics, Salvage Therapy
- Abstract
Lopinavir/ritonavir was administered to 35 HIV-infected patients after therapeutic failure with other protease inhibitors. The pharmacokinetics (trough concentrations) and baseline viral genotype were determined, together with the immunovirological outcome. The 22 responders had significantly higher mean lopinavir concentrations and lower baseline numbers of mutations. On multivariate analysis, a lopinavir concentration of 5.7 microg/ml or greater was an independent predictor of viral suppression over a 9-month follow-up period.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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