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The feature of deception jamming for GNSS-dot networks is researched and analyzed, and it is difficult to accurately locate and correct the interference position by using the interference detection methods of the traditional WSN, a new attack detection algorithm that based on an improved angle of arrival (AOA) positioning mechanism to determine the point of disruption and interference correction is proposed. Nextly the algorithm of a single interference source localization based on the hyperbolic method by using anti-jamming principle of the GNSS is researched and given, and can locate both single and multiple interference sources. Then the indicators and methods of performance evaluation for the GNSS-dot networks are proposed. Finally, Experiment based on the algorithm is realized, and the attack detection and correction is very efficient, and interference location under ideal conditions is higher efficiency, and the strategies of anti deception jamming are also identified.

In this paper, simultaneous analysis method for deltamethrin, carbaryl, microcystin-LR and benzo[a]pyrene in aqueous solution was established by online solid phase extraction (SPE)-HPLC technology. The target pollutants were enriched in SPE column, eluted by switching the six-way valve, separated by analytical column, and finally measured by UV-VIS Detector (UVD) and Fluorescence Detector (FLD). The results showed that online SPE-HPLC method was suitable for determination of these four organic pollutants. The correlation coefficient of the linear curve was all larger than 0.9990, and the detection limit and the limit of quantitation could also meet the Chinese standard method for drinking water (GB/T 5750-2006 and GB/T 3838-2006). This method achieved simultaneous online enrichment and efficient removal of substrate; avoided tedious manual pre-treatment process, saved the sample volume and processing time, and also had high recovery rate and sensitivity.

On the ancient city wall of China, the water gate used to been built. Probably before the Tang Dynasty, it always took the shape of hole in order to drain and prevent others from entering city. From the Song Dynasty on, for the sake of navigation, the majority of water gates became the sluice gate that could go up and down.

In this paper, the exothermal efficiency and exothermal rate were employed to evaluate and optimize the composition of the self-heating material, and the effects of each component were discussed. The final optimized composition as below: reduced iron powder (20%), potassium permanganate (60%), sodium chloride (10%), activated carbon (10%). Under the optimized conditions, the temperature of this self-heating material could up to 100 °C within 2 min and maintain for 20 min, which should be suitable for flameless fast food self-heating or providing heat source for physiotherapy equipment in the medical field.

In this paper, the hygroscopic properties of three different gauze, that is common medical gauze, absorbable carboxymethyl gauze and absorbable oxidized gauze, were compared, and the kinetic analysis were studied. The results showed that, at 298K and RH80%, the moisture absorption rate of the three kinds of gauze follows the order of absorbable carboxymethyl gauze > absorbable oxidized gauze > common medical gauze. The moisture absorption kinetic analysis of the three kinds of gauze indicated that the second-order model proposed fits experimental data well with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.999.

Methanol-water as solvent, transition metal Y-type zeolite as catalyst, L-lysine was synthesized laminin. Explores the methylation process factors, and the structure of the compound by IR, NMR and elemental analysis were characterized.

Performance Simulation for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that be used for performance simulation and evaluation analysis of the GNSS, is a part of the critical algorithm test and system index analysis for GNSS. In this article, the requirements of GNSS are analyzed firstly, and the characteristic of model portability for GNSS is studied, then the model integration framework based on Simulation Model Portability is proposed. The system architecture consists of model design, development, integrating, executing and analysis. Lastly, the regional performance of GALILEO Navigation Satellite System in China is tested and analyzed based on the integration framework.

The sharp increase in medical insurance cost has become a common concern of the world. In the process of commercial health insurance, academics, government and related departments usually lamented that medical service institutions don’t cooperate on the implementation of risk control measures. They often complained that the insured's moral hazard problem at the medical process. The control measures of the medical insurance cost mostly focused on internal underwriting and claims assessment, rarely focused on mobilization the initiative of the medical service provider and the recipient controlling the expenses. Combination of the cost control management of commercial medical insurance and health management is an effective method. We can shift funds usage patterns to a certain extent and strengthen preventive health input to the insured, in order to achieve the multi-effective cooperation and win-win.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were several types of bridges, such as wooden poles and wooden beam bridges, arch bridges, gallery bridges, Zhandao, floating bridges and so on. These bridge remains are mainly located in Guanzhong area, Sichuan province and other areas. All these are important data for us to understand bridge shapes, construction technology, means of transportation, and social life of the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Intrusion detection is one of the most important techniques for protecting network security. In addition, intrusion detection model can be used to recognize real-time pattern, which has important practical significance for real-time intrusion detection. However, due to the sheer speed and scale of the data, data points must often be analyzed in real time. The one-pass-through requirement and the lack of efficient clustering algorithms to identify intrusion patterns limit the power and scalability of this approach. A data stream clustering algorithm is proposed for real-time network intrusion detection. By introducing the new hashing mechanism, the method can quickly find the clustering patterns in the data stream. The method significantly reduces the false alarm rate of intrusion detection, and improves the performance of intrusion detection system.

The inter-harmonic spectrum of an electrical voltage or current from discrete Fourier transform can not only be caused by genuine inter-harmonic components, but can also be caused by other system disturbances. Therefore, the existence determination of genuine inter-harmonic s from the spectrum becomes the premise for further calculation of inter-harmonic parameters. From the theoretical perspective, this paper firstly analyzes and points out that the waveform difference among each cycle in the analysis window is the cause of the existence of inter-harmonic spectrum, and then presents a method to determine the existence of genuine inter-harmonic components, which is based on inter-harmonic time-frequency contour chart and the component appearance rate. The presented method firstly performs continuous discrete Fourier transform on the captured signal with certain duration and obtains the corresponding absolute time-frequency matrix, and then the genuine inter-harmonics can be distinguished based on the component appearance rate of the matrix and the criterion threshold. The method is easy to implement with clear principle, it can distinguish the genuine inter-harmonic s from the measured signal. The analysis on several data groups from real measurements verifies the effectiveness and the practicability of the method.

B2 ordered FeAl intermetallic is an important candidate for high-temperaturestructural materials, and its hydrogen embrittlement problem has attracted wide attentions in recent decades. In this paper, we prepared single-crystal-like B2-FeAl (111) thin films on Si (111) substrate using the conventional magnetron sputtering method, and studied the phase composition and the influences of hydrogen on FeAl (111) films by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The preffered growth mechanism of FeAl (111) film and its hydrogen induced modification were discussed.

The accuracy of wind power forecast is important to the power system operation. A new prediction model is proposed based on cloud reasoning and wind rate vector , combining with the current and the historical change rule of wind speed, using the change rule of wind speed in a period of time to forecast the power gradient in a point-in-time, The wind turbine power prediction is discussed based on power gradient and power eigenvalue. Simulation results on the case study of historical wind speed and generated power data in some area in China demonstrate that the proposed methodology can improve the accuracy of wind speed forecast and has practical value, especially for the wind turning point.

As a new-type, high efficient hole-making technology, helical milling is widely used in making holes on composites and composite-metal compounds materials in the aircraft industry. In this paper, the problem of machining path optimization using helical milling is converted to a TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem), a mathematical model is established and solved using ACO (Ant Colony Optimization). Simulation results show that with the application of ACO, the traveling efficiency of helical milling has been increased by 41.1%.

This paper introduces a 2.4 GHz down-conversion quadrature mixer which applied in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The mixer uses a folded structure which is modified based on the conventional Gilbert mixer. It is designed in 0.18μm RF CMOS process with a low supply voltage of 1V. The post-simulation results show that the mixer achieves a conversion gain (CG) of 9.0dB, the input 1dB compression point (IP1dB) of-7.6dBm, the third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of 2.2dBm, and the single side-band (SSB) noise figure (NF) is 13.9dB. The mixer core consumes current about 1.2mA from a 1V power supply.

A low voltage, low power up-conversion mixer is presented here for 2.4GHz wireless sensor networks (WSN). It was based on a double-balanced Gilbert cell type. The current-reuse technique was used to reduce the power consumption and negative-resistance compensation technique was used to improve the conversion gain. The mixer was designed in 0.18μm RF CMOS technology, and was simulated with Cadence SpectreRF. The simulation results indicate that the conversion gain is 6.37dB, the noise figure is 15.36dB and the input 1dB compression point is-10.3dBm, while consuming 1mA current for operating voltage at 1V.

A fourth-order low-pass continuous-time filter for a WSN transmitter is presented. The active RC filter was chosen for the high linearity, designed by using the leapfrog topology imitates the passive filter. The operation amplifier (op-amp) adopted by the filter is feed-forward operation amplifier, which could get the GBW as large as possible under the low power consumption. The cut-off frequency deviation due to the process corner, aging and temperature deviation is adjusted by an automatic frequency tuning circuit. The filter in a 0.18μm RF CMOS technology consumes 1mW from a 1V power supply. The measured results of the chip show that the bandwidth is about 1.5MHz. The voltage gain of filter is about-4.5dB with the buffer, the ripple in the pass-band is lower than 0.5 dB, and the channel rejection ratio is larger than 30dB at 4MHz.

This paper presents a low power low voltage 7bit 16MS/s SAR ADC (successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter) for the application of ZigBee receiver. The proposed 7-bit ADC is designed and simulated in 180nm RF CMOS technology. Post simulation results show that at 1.0-V supply and 16 MS/s, the ADC achieves a SNDR (signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio) and SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range) are 43.6dB, 57.4dB respectively. The total power dissipation is 228μW, and it occupies a chip area of 0.525 mm2. It results in a figure-of-merit (FOM) of 0.11pJ/step.

In the Northern Song Dynasty Dongjing city of Kaifeng, there were many rivers, ponds and other bodies of water, which had a certain relationship one another and relative independence. These waters had important influence on the layout of the city, urban economy, the public life and environment. Under its influence, now Kaifeng city has still many lakes, called "the North Water City"

In this work, polystyrene/ graphene nanocomposite foams were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide. Chemically reduced graphene oxide were incorporated into PS using latex mixing. Subsequently, the nanocomposites were foamed with supercritical CO2, the foaming temperature is varied. The morphology and electrical properties of the foamed samples were discussed. It is suggested that foaming temperature has significant influence on the morphology of foams. For those samples foamed at higher temperature, foams have thin cell wall and low density even when the content of graphene is relatively high, while they possess good electrical conductivity, may be used as light weight functional materials.

For the purpose of improving the interference resistance and accuracy of the grating detection system, a SCM-based software design method for grating signal processing is proposed in the thesis. In the method, two differential signals output from the grating detection circuit are amplified and shaped via the conditioning circuit, converted into digital quantity through AD conversion and processed by the SCM. Relying on the programming, properties of direction discrimination and subdivision are attained while effective computation accuracy of subdivided data and signal processing speed are guaranteed. The software processing method simplifies system hardware circuit, cuts down the cost, improves the resolution and measurement precision of the system due to the stable performance and strong interference resistance. The method is experimentally proved to be practical and worthy of promotion, which can be utilized in machine tool reform and relevant position detection systems.

This paper investigated three chlorophyll-a analysis methods in water sample. The UV-VIS spectrophotometry method followed SL88-2012 standard procedure, the results showed the detection limit of chlorophyll-a was 0.22 μg/L, with the lower detection limit of 1.0 μg/L. The detection range of the vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence method was 0.1-300μg/L, the ratios of different algae matched that prepared in water samples. The detection limits and quantification limits for HPLC by using UVD and FLD were respectively 0.013 and 0.004 μg/L, 0.040 and 0.013μg/L. FLD was more sensitive than UVD for chlorophyll-a analysis, and the recovery of standard addition was in the range of 90.2% to 103.9% with UVD and FLD. Given the different pretreatment procedures of the sample, equipment conditions, correction and precision, vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence method was the best on-site monitoring and the emergency monitoring method. Spectrophotometer was suitable for routine laboratory determination of chlorophyll-a, especially for bulk water samples. HPLC method had high precision and sensitivity, so this method applied to the determination of exact requirements, microanalysis and pigment separation.

Because it is difficulty to collect field corrosion data,estimation of the remaining life of corroded tanks mostly adopts qualitative analysis. On the basis of the relationship curve of the corrosion depth and service time,according to the acquisition of corrosion data sample size,the paper used limited polyline to replace the corrosion curve,simplified the calculation of the remaining life of corroded tanks.

A non-contact testing method is proposed for encapsulation treated or insulation coated switching power supplies, which is implemented by reconstructing the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal of switching converters from the near field radiation of magnetic components. The radiation pattern of a buck converter is investigated, and the magnetic field sensing probe and PWM signal reconstruction circuit are also illustrated. The reconstruction testing is carried out on a buck converter; the duty cycle error of the reconstructed PWM signal is less than 0.2%, which validates the proposed method.

Strip shape defects, especially the crown problem, once appeared in the production of hot-rolled strip steel in SG Company. The macroscopic characteristic is the thickness difference occurred between the center and edge cross section of hot-rolled plate. Morphological characteristics and forming reasons can be got by analyzing roll wear. Research shows that the main reason for the formation of crown is excessive attrition of work roll in later period, which leading to smaller roll shape. Therefore, shape defects have been effectively controlled after introducing CVC roll contour technology to optimize roll shape. Quality qualified rate of strip shape of hot-rolled strip steel is more than 99.6% percent, and it has been successfully put into application of hot rolling mill.

Chemical modification was employed for converting cotton gauze to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gauze by treating them with sodium monochloroacetate and sodium hydroxide. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) were used to characterize the product. The reaction was optimized against temperature, concentration and reaction time for obtaining high degree of conversion. Under optimized conditions, the CMC gauze has a large degree of substitution (DS) of 0.43, and it has shown better moisture absorption ability than that of common cotton gauze.

As a Network Centric Warfare (NCW) case applied in Air & Missile Defense domain, Networked Air & Missile Defense (NAMD) represents the superior development of the Air & Missile Defense warfare in future. Based on the ideology of Integrated Fire Control, architecture and characteristics of NAMD are depicted, and simulation models based on above depictions are designed. Finally, operational capabilities of NAMD are generally evaluated, and the rationalities of decision-making script and model framework are validated by concentrating on results of an operational scenario simulation.

EPS is the abbreviation of electric power steering system and reduction device is one of the key parts of the EPS. It determines whether the steering system works normally. This paper studies the deceleration mechanism of EPS and in accordance with its assistance characteristic, designs a new deceleration device that Cycloid steel ball planetary reducer, and gives the specific design and implementation of the program. Combined with steering portability needs, this paper gives the specific reduction ratio calculation and the deceleration mechanism design.

According to the electric vehicle driven by dual wheel hub motors, the article analysed the principle of mechanical differential. And the article used the principle of differential under the same force of mechanical differential, put forward a new adaptive control strategy of electronic differential based on torque control. According to torque control£¬the controller controls the speed of the drive motors on both sides, which achieves the aim of the adaptive electronic differential.

A new localization method has been proposed to overcome the limitations of systems relying on GPS or other terrestrial infrastructure. This method fuses both pseudorange measurements from GNSS satellites and RSSI-based ranging measurements between peers of a wireless network, and uses improved collaborative subtree algorithm to partition the network. In each collaborative subtree, the nodes’ positions can be computed by using the least square algorithm based on Taylor series expansion-based. Simulation results showed that this method improves both availability and positioning accuracy.

The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was measured by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) which combined three different detectors, namely refractive index detector (RI), laser light scattering detector (LS) and viscosity detector (VIS). By conducting numerous experiments, what the different peak stand for in the chromatogram was verified and the best sample concentration range in the GPC experiment was also determined. Besides, based on the analysis to the RI chromatogram, the theory on using peak area ratio to denote concentration ratio was put forward. What’s more, the calculation of macromonomer reaction ratio using the peak area in the RI chromatogram was introduced.

The shrinkage-reducing type polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SRPCA) has become a hot research issue both at home and abroad for its perfect water-reducing ability, outstanding shrinkage-reducing and slump retaining ability. The effect of ordinary polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCA) and shrinkage-reducing PCA on the drying shrinkage of cement mortar was studied thoroughly in this paper. The result showed that the SRPCA can effectively reduce the drying shrinkage of cement mortar. Moreover, the shrinkage-reducing mechanism was discussed from the aspect of molecular structure to the solution surface tension and also mortar water retention. It indicated that the solution surface tension had certain impact on the PCA shrinking-reducing ability, meanwhile the perfect water-retaining ability conduce to the shrinking-reducing improvement. esides, the introduction of shrinking-reducing functional groups to the ordinary PCE molecular structure can reduce the polymer solution surface tension, control the air content in the concrete and decrease the drying shrinkage of cement-based materials.

This paper studied on vibration energy dissipation analysis of a shear wall structure with viscous liquid dampers for reinforcement and reconstruction. Viscous liquid dampers and herringbone steel shotcrete were used for seismic control and the elastic-plastic time history analysis had been carried out. The results show that: the first layer shear force decreases. The minimal average damping rate of layer displacement in X direction is 4.68% and the maximum is 12.92%; the minimal average damping rate of layer displacement in Y direction is 6.47% and the maximum is 19.8%. So using viscous fluid dampers , the vibration response of the structure could be effectively reduced．

Water-soluble substance is an important part of non-rubber substance in natural rubber latex and it has significant influence on the properties of natural rubber. The aim of this paper is mainly to study the composition of small-molecular-weight water-soluble substance (s-WSS) and its effects on the properties of natural rubber films. The analysis of IR and HPLC-MS showed that s-WSS (not including sugar) is composed of C3H4N4O6, C7H14O6, C11H13N3O5, C11H20O7 and C6H22N8. While the main component of s-WSS is C7H14O6 whichis a kind of alcohol. The tensile strength of the prepared composites can be increased at low loading of s-WSS. The tear strength of the prepared composites can be improved by adding s-WSS into natural rubber. The thermal oxidation degradation process of the samples has two stages. Compared with neat natural rubber latex, the initial degradation temperature was decreased significantly in both stages when s-WSS was added. While the degradation temperature range became larger in both stages.

Since the limited space and complicated environment, we can't solve this problem by traditional path planning method which taking the aircraft as a particle. Aim at this problem, we introduce the pseudospectral method from the field of optimal control, and indicate the feasibility and advantage based on theory discussion. To simulate the actual path planning on flight deck, we build a carrier deck space environment, establish the collision detecting mechanism based on polar coordinates transforming. Finally an aircraft dynamic model and a simplified obstacle model are designed, thus the path planning constraint equation is given. The veracity and convergence of this method is verified by experiment simulation results.

Breviflavone B is a novel chiral phytoestrogen that mimics the biological functions of 17β-estradiol (E2), an estrogen which is naturally produced in our body. It has exhibited a much higher estrogen receptor (ER) bioactivity than E2 or other phytoestrogens. Breviflavone B specifically activates ER at a low dose without activating other steroid receptors, and inhibits estrogen-stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation at high doses, making it a potential treatment option for breast cancer patients. In this report, a new liquid chromatography aprroach has been developed to isolate Breviflavone B from Epimedium Brevicornum herbal extracts. After passing through DIAION HP20 resin, the ethanolic extract of Epimedium Brevicornum was firstly fractionalized by a Diol column, then further separated by a C18 column using preparative HPLC, and finally purified by an ODS-MCR-HPS column in HPLC under gradient mode. In each stage of separation, the ER bioactivities of the each fraction were measured by estrogen receptor-driven reporter gene bioassays to guide the chromatographic fractionations. The results showed that the new combination of Diol and C18 and ODS-MCR-HPS column chromatography provided better separation selectivity than our previously-reported C18 column chromatography for isolation of Breviflavon B from Epemidium herbs. Pure Breviflavon B was successfully isolated from the ethanolic extract of Epimedium Brevicornum herb via this new approach of chromatographic fractionations guided by the bioassays.

Intrusion detection algorithm based on support vector machine with pre-extracting support vector is proposed which combines the center distance ratio and classification algorithm. Given proper thresholds, we can use the support vector as a substitute for the training examples. Then the scale of dataset is decreased and the performance of support vector machine is improved in the detection rate and the training time. The experiment result has shown that the intrusion detection system(IDS) based on support vector machine with pre-extracting support needs less training time under the same detection performance condition.

Silk fibroin film (SFF) has good mechanical property, cells compatibility and biodegradability, and was widely used in the biomedical area as controlling materials. In this work, silk fibroin (SF) was obtained from cocoons. It was dissolved in distilled water to form 5 % and 8 % (W/V) SF solution, which was used to prepare 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 2 % (W/V) sulfadiazine sodium (SD) solution. Five layers of SFF was prepared with salivation method, dried under 37 °C, and annealed with 90 % (V/V) methanol. The structure information was analyzed by FT-IR and SEM, SD release in PBS (0.2 mol/L, pH 7.4) and PBS containing 2 U/ml trypsin at 37 °C was measured. The FT-IR spectra showed that more β-sheet was formed after annealed by methanol; a lot of pores were in the SFF and SD was embedded in SFF through analyzing the image of SEM. The release speed from SFF made by 5 % SF solution was faster than that from SFF made by 8 % SF solution. As for SFF containing different concentration of SD, the release rate improved with the increase of concentration of SD, however, the time of reaching the maximum were approximate. In PBS with trypsin, the time of reaching the maximum accumulative release was one hour earlier compared with in the PBS. Therefore, we draw a conclusion that the SFF incorporating SD has good properties and it has the feasibility to be used as artificial skin for burned patients.

This article introduces the specific application of central air conditioning chilled water storage technology in the actual central air conditioning engineered reconstruction. The author analyzes the energy-saving effect of application of central air conditioning chilled water storage technology and the economy of central conditioning renovation project. Operation cost comparison shows that water storage air conditioning system saves money more above 35% than conventional air conditioning system.

The effect of some materials including sucrose, peptone and yeast extract on growth of B. longum and B.adolescentis in the extract of Fructus tribuli was studied by measuring optical density at 600nm (OD600) and pH. The addition of sucrose, peptone and yeast extract was 0.0%-2.40%, 0-1.4% and 0-1.4%, respectively. Results were as follows: addition of sucrose, peptone and yeast extract could promote the growth of B. longum and B.adolescentis. The optimum concentration of sucrose, peptone and yeast extract in the extract of Fructus tribuli was 2.0%, 1.0% and 1.0% for B. longum and 2.20%, 1.0% and 0.8% for B.adolescentis

This paper discusses the structure and workflow of Automatic bundling machine, introduces the applications of Siemens S7-300 PLC, which include the composition of the hardware control system, software design and the main functions and features.

Based on the relationship between the motor torque of each side and electric current when the electric vehicle turns, this article puts forward a control scheme of electronic differential which is used to regulate current and control torque, according to the micro electric vehicle with a double-wheel motor driven. In addition, the article makes detailed analysis for the electronic differential control process.

This article describes one of production lines of automatic control in ore production, which consists of feeding, crushing and conveying equipments and so on. It elaborates the composition and process of the entire system. According to control requirements in this system, electrical control system is designed, which chooses PLC as the core component of it, including hardware circuit and software programming. Furthermore, some anti-interference measures are taken in order to improve the reliability of the system.

A type of slow-release polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was prepared and its application performance and mechanism were studied systematically. The experimental results of cement and concrete showed that the prepared slow-release PCE can slowly play a dispersing role and finally achieve a good dispersing effect within 120 minutes. Its adsorption behavior on the surfaces of cement particles was measured by a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer, displaying the validity of slow adsorption. The hydrate exothermic curves showed that the slow-release PCE only delayed the hydration but did not affect the hydration heat and workability of concrete.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Base catalyst, Waste Fried Oil, Orthogonal design Abstract: In this article the biodiesel production procedure of base-catalyzed esterification was studied, and the optimal conditions of preparation were brought up. By applying orthogonal design, the optimal conditions of base-catalyzed esterification from waste frying oil with acid value of 4 mg/l KOH were: methanol/oil ratio, 8:1; catalyst dose, 1% oil weight; temperature, 85°C; reaction time, 1.5 h. The maximum oil conversion rate of 90% was achieved. The influence of each factor on the oil production in descending order was: methanol/oil ratio > catalyst dose > temperature > reaction time. The biodiesel refinement was carried out with three types of rinsing solutions: distilled water, satirized NaCl solvent and glacial acetic acid. Rinsing times, soap removing rate and final acid value of the biodiesel were considered as the critical factors in evaluating the effectiveness of the rinsing solution on the biodiesel refinement. The results turned out that the most suitable rinsing method for industrial application was rinsing with saturated NaCl solvent.

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution by MCM-41 was investigated. It was found that the adsorption of MB on MCM-41 could be described by Freundlich isotherm and second-order kinetic model. The adsorbed amount of MB on MCM-41 reached to 24.5 mg g-1 within 30 min.

In this paper, two fly ash samples from a popular of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerators operated in spring and winter were detected. The organic pollutants of PAHs and Dioxins were 8.647 mg/kg and 778.859 pgI-TEQ/g respectively for the sample in spring, 11.008 mg/kg and 888.318 pgI-TEQ/g for the sample in winter. The distribution of Dioxins was analyzed, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD were found to gave the great contribution to the total I-TEQ.

The properties of slag and ash generated from a biomass power plant were analyzed by various characterization methods and the sulfur was tracked. The results showed that the slag and ash contain major elements like Si, S, K and Ca etc and primary substances like SiO2, CaCO3etc. Sulfur is in the form of amorphous soluble salts and insoluble materials in residual carbon.

In this paper, the energy balance of black liquor gasification (BLG) and coal-water slurry (CWS) gasification was analyzed. The results showed that the conversion efficiency of BLG (43.71%) process was slightly lower than that of CWS gasification (44.71%). Meanwhile, the material cost of BLG to synthesis gas was 0.36 Yuan/ m3 while CWS gasification was 0.69 Yuan/ m3. On account of above analysis, BLG was expected to have similar industrial applied prospect like CWS gasification

This paper introduces a new type of automatic steel wire bundling machine for bundling process, which includes a hydraulic action process, mainly do some researches on the hydraulic control system. The system chooses PLC as the core control component, puts forward the hardware of control system and control flow. Eventually we have been designed the control program.