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This document mainly studies the cross-section shape of the box-type telescopic boom. First, the basic structure of the telescopic boom was analyzed, and then, the finite element analysis of the quadrilateral and hexagonal telescopic booms were conducted based on ABAQUS with the same section height, width, thickness, as well as the same constraints and loads condition. The stress-strain diagram was obtained. Comparing to the quadrilateral boom, the hexagonal telescopic boom loads higher, weights lighter, and performs better.

By signature gathering system, the shaft-frequency electric field of ship’s physical scale model is measured. At the same time, the mechanism of the corrosion related to shaft-frequency electric field is also described. Results show that the shaft-frequency electric field signature arises around a vessel and transmits in the surrounding seawater due to the current flow from impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system and the current flow resulting from the corrosion of dissimilar metals during propeller rotation, which contains both shaft fundamental and harmonics. The signature character of electric field is more and more marked with the shaft rotation speed increasing. The amplitude of electric shaft-frequency electric field by modulating the current of ICCP system is 10 times greater than that of corrosion current. It is proved that the using a 1:100 physical scale model of a vessel to study the shaft-frequency electric field character is an effective method and provided an new way.

Different morphologies of nanoZnO have been synthesized by hydrothermal method and ethanol-assisted hydrothermal method, the quantum yield has been improved by noble metal doping, and also the range of spectral absorption has been widened. Then the products are used in the photocatalytic process of UDMH waste water. It is found that the crystallite size of the products is about 41~46nm, the maximum degradation rates of ZnO/Ag are 92.7% under the ultraviolet light, and 80.2% under the sunlight. The variation of the photocatalytic middle-product under different light sources is analyzed and it is found that the middle-product is decomposed more quickly and throughly under sunlight.

In order to satisfy the calculation requirements of nuclear power plant operating in different conditions, the integration and combination of reactor core computation modules have been proposed. By writing logical language instructions, and then read by interpreter, the engineering designers can make grammatical analysis, lexical analysis, semantic analysis and information extraction. In Linux system environment, the interpreter can fulfill computational tasks based on the actual operating parameters of nuclear power plant. The comparison results indicate that the calculated results obtained by the interpreter language are correct. Therefore, it also demonstrates that the interpreter language is valid.

The influence of Si on the corrosion behaviour of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti alloy was investigated by the microstructure observation and electrochemical measurements in order to improve its corrosion non-uniform and electrochemical properties. The results show that the current efficiency of Al-5Zn-0.02In-1Mg-0.05Ti-0.09Si (wt.%) alloy corroded uniformly reaches 92%. It presents the property of low resistance and high capacitance. While the Si content exceeds 0.12 wt.%, the resistance of active dissolution increases gradually. The current efficiency decreases obviously. The results indicate that the electrochemical characteristics and corrosion uniformity can be improved significantly after adding 0.09 wt.% Si into Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti alloy.

The influence of finite tip clearances on the tip flow characteristics, as well as pressure distribution on blade surface near the tip and open water performance of ducted propeller 19A/Ka4-55 model is studied in this paper. It is discovered that tip leakage vortex (TLV for short) disappears when clearance size reduces to a certain extent (0.08% of the propeller radius in this model). The decreasing of tip clearance size also leads to increasing efficiency and better cavitation performance. Besides, variation of thrust and torque coefficient with clearance size show stepped shape instead of linear.

The following description illustrates the implementation of an EEG-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for control of robotic arm utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) rhythms. The signals are collected with a headset witch denoises and classifies sampling signals adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Kalman filter. These signals are deciphered to signals that can be eventually understood by certain machine, and then transmitted to a single-chip system by employing Bluetooth Module. Signals received by end-user machine will be compiled into control commands by MCU system and these commands are used to control actions of a robotic arm. Keywords: electroencephalogram;EEG;brain computer interface;BCI;MCU;robotic arm

The inhibition effects of A-Mo inhibitor on corrosion of carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution were investigated using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves EIS experiments, Mott-Schottky analysis, SEM, EDAX and XRD methods. The results revealed that A-Mo inhibitor was capable of inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in 55%LiBr solution, exhibiting high inhibition efficiencies around 99.7%. A-Mo inhibitor promoted the formation of a protective passive film composed of Fe, Mo and O elements. The passive film improved the electrochemistry performance and enhanced corrosion resistance of carbon steel.

Set pair analysis is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods used in decision-making. Aiming at the irrelevance of each indicator, an evaluation model of bolt and wire mesh support scheme of roadway based on set pair analysis is set up and a relativity to optimal scheme which combines multiple indicators as well as its set pair situation are applied to describe the comprehensive benefits of bolt and wire mesh support scheme. Evaluation results of three optional support schemes in a mine of Yaojie Coal and Electricity Co., Ltd are obtained using this method, and an optimal scheme with the best comprehensive benefits is determined.

Crude Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and ethanol precipitation. After purification by depectinization and decolourisation, polysaccharide GPS-3 was obtained by purification using Q Sepharose Fast Flow and Superdex 200 columns. Furthermore, the protective effects of GPS-3 on alcoholic hepatic injuries of mice were studied. Results showd that GPS-3 had significant protective effects on alcoholic hepatic injuries.

The corrosion characteristic of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implanted by carbon was investigated in Hanks simulated body fluid. The results indicated that a disordered film, which was composed of TiC and Ti by XRD analysis, was formed on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V when Carbon was implanted. Electrochemical tests manifested, after implanted, the alloys corrosion potentials and increased, polarization resistance were increased, and anodic polarization current density decreased in Hanks simulated body fluid. The electrochemical properties were improved. The reason was that the disordered carbide film formed on alloys surface prevented alloying elements form dissolution and enhanced its corrosion resistance. For C implanted sample, the anodic polarization current density was increase when the alloy was abraded. It manifested that friction and abrasion conditions made corrosive environment more serious and accelerated the corrosion process. The alloys friction coefficient and abrasion rate were obviously decreased, and its hardness was increased when it was implanted C.

Mechanisms and defiberation point of pinus kesiya diethanolamine pulping were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the delignification of diethanolamine cooking is divided into three stages: the initial delignification stage, which is from the beginning of heating to 170°C, and its delignification rate is about 30%; the bulk delignification stage, which is from 170°C to 200°C for 60min with the total delignification rate about 90%; the supplementary delignification stage, which is from 200°C for 60min to the end of cooking, and its delignification rate is more than 97%. And the defiberation point is at 200°C for 30min nearby.

Isothermal crystallization behavior of PET/PTT-CNTs composites was investigated by DSC. The Avrami equation was employed to describe the isothermal crystallization process. The change of the half-time of crystallization t1/2 suggested that the addition of CNTs in the composites can accelerate the overall crystallization process.

Camptothecin (camptothecin, CPT) is a kind of anti-cancer drugs targeted at DNA topoisomerase with strong toxicity and side effects. The zebrafish is a model organism to study the anti-tumor drugs. The CPT was added into culture system in early development period of zebrafish embryos, and staining techniques were used to study embryonic development and angiogenesis in zebrafish. Results showed that low concentration of CPT can affect embryonic development seriously, and trigger the developmental delay which might led to teratism or death and accompanied with apoptosis phenomenon at the same time. Besides, CPT can also inhibit the development of intestinal vein in zebrafish embryos, which provided the experimental basis for the research of the pharmacological analysis, screening and evaluation model of topoisomerase I inhibitor class drugs.

A europium (III) chelating polymer film has been investigated by fluorescence spectrum, lifetime measurement, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and m-line method. The obtained film thickness is 1.748μm and refractive index is 1.571. Near-field scanning optical microscopy shows the good surface quality of the Europium (III) chelating polymer film.

Sunflower is an important oil crop, which is tolerant to water and salt stress and can be planted in vast areas of China. In our studies, four salinity levels of irrigation were used to irrigate one kind of sunflower (TO01244) under two irrigation low limits (65%FC and 75%FC). Plant growth, Soil salinity and leaf water status, yield and quality were researched. The results showed the means of plant heights under 2g/L, 3.5g/L and 5g/L irrigation water were 9.07%, 12.45% and 18.35% lower than the tap water respectively. In soil salinization the means of ECe increased by 271.13%, 173.22%, 132.98% and 4.73% respectively under irrigation water of four salinity levels. It can be found that the seed under 3.5g/L irrigation water had more linoleic acid, which is healthy to human and contribute to address the cardiovascnlar and cerebrovascular diseases as an important part of the sunflower oil. Facing the increasingly serious lack of fresh water resources, development and utilization of underground saline water would play an important role in agricultural production.

With the Three Gorges reservoir built up, the water level rises sharply and the low construction water level in dry season does not exist. The relatively low water level is in draw-off period and building port faces long time of deep water level and precipitous fluctuation of water level in flood period. There are huge quantities under water. The construction period of low water level is short and the height of water level is up to 30 meters. Port construction is more difficult and complex at the Three Gorge reservoir region. This paper aims at these situations and puts forward the port constructing technique in deep water areas. It will provide guidance and reference in wharf construction.

The influences of the position of the primary conductor to the mutual inductance of a test Rogowski coil were studied. The test results show that the deviation of the mutual inductances can not be neglected. Manufacturing variations affect the mutual inductance much and make the coils have bad interchangeability. A potentiometer is suggested to be placed in the coil to provide a passive compensation, enabling coil manufacturers to produce coils with uniform performance increasing interchangeability while reducing manufacturing complexity. The error analysis shows that the coil with potentiometer has very good performance.

Currently in the smart substation, the traceability method of the digital metering system is a sub-component traceability method, which means that the electronic transformer and the digital power meter are calibrated separately. However, the calibrations of the electronic transformer and the digital power meter have been the problem of measuring department, its traceability having been unable to be a good solution. In this situation, this paper proposes a new digital metering system calibration method, and the overall error of the digital metering system can be calibrated. An on-site calibration of digital metering system was carried out on the heihe xigangzi substation. The result showed that this digital metering system error was 1.013%, which is consistent with the theoretical value.

To the old cement concrete pavement which lost the overall loading capacity and large areas are damaged, by using rubblization technology to shocks, crushing and compaction it, pouring the warm-mix asphalt sealing, formed less than 60mm size of flexible base of gravel and paved with warm-mix asphalt pavement on this base. This article is about analysis of interlinear stresses of pavement structure and production cost analysis of mixture on this combination structure. Proved that the structure could in-place recycling, solving the environmental issues of dropped cement pieces garbage. Mix in mixture, spreading process of reducing harmful gas emissions, can save more than 30% of construction costs.

This paper reports on a new clad technology that is protective coating cladding. The method is that the Ni60 alloy was prepared on 0.45%C steel and high temperature powder paste brushed on the outside. Then the sample after being dried was heated in the high temperature resistance electric furnace. The Ni60 alloy powder on the substrate steel was melted at the appropriate temperature, and a uniform, adherent and non-dilution clad coating was obtained after optimizing the cladding parameters. The coating microstructures, compositions and microhardness were analyzed by OPM, XRD, EPMA, and microhardness testing. The experimental results show that the protective coating cladding is an efficient and economic method in cladding technologies

Spraying wire was widely used in remanufacturing work piece for worn failure. With the demand of high abrasion resistant wire, new type alloy was developed. The solidification structures of the new high abrasion resistant alloy (HARA) containing Mn, Cr, Si, C and the structure was studied after tension by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase evolution was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Rockwell hardness evaluated on the hardness testing. The abrasion behavior of HARA alloy used in the liner of wet-grinding machine in metallurgical industry is investigated under impacted energy of 0.5-3 J in acid-ironstone slurry; the test was carried out by a modified MLD-10 tester. The result show that the solidification structures of HARA alloy consist of austenitic Fe and the hardness neared to HRC60. Under the high energy, the wear resistance of HARA alloy is three times more than Mn13. Therefore, the new material has better abrasive wear resistance and lower environmental impact

This paper mainly introduced the causations of deep-sea submersible (DS) surface material damage and some methods of research on corrosion and fatigue. It is suggested that investigating the mechanisms and effects of corrosion and fatigue damage on DS steel structure and coating, and the mapping relation for the origin and accumulation of cross scale damage should be established. In addition, organic coating, metallic coating, steel matrix and their interaction could be detected and analysed using the methods of SEM, XRD, TEM, EIS, EN, CV, Kelvin probe and so on. At last, mathematical model of service life for the steel structure and coating should be established for the quantification study

Continuous and intense human activities have seriously affected the aquatic ecosystem health and security of the Songhua River Basin, which has led to the atrophy and degradation of wetlands, the pollution of water, the degradation of black soil, the descending of waters biological diversity and the draught-up of rivers, etc. At present, how to protect the basin aquatic ecosystem and maintain the positive cycle of aquatic ecosystem are becoming grossly hot and difficult issues that require immediate resolutions.

Nanometer α-nickel hydroxide codoped with Cu and Al has been synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted precipitation method. The crystal structure and particle size were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size distribution (PSD). The electrochemical performance of the samples was characterized by the charge/discharge test and cyclic voltammetry. The results of electrochemical tests demonstrated that the specific discharge capacity of Cu/Al codoped α-nickel hydroxide (330 mAh/g) is much higher than that of pure spherical nickel (240 mAh/g), and it exhibits a relatively good electrochemical reaction reversibility and large proton diffusion coefficient.

A novel multibranched nonlinear dye，4, 4´, 4´´-tris(9-carbazyl-trans-styryl) triphenylamine (TCSTPA)，has been designed and synthesized aimed at two-photon absorption applications. Two-photon absorption cross section of the multibranched dye was obtained as high as 2.35×10-47cm4s photon-1molecule-1pumped with femtosecond laser beam at 800 nm. One-photon and two-photon absorption optical properties were demonstrated in solutions. Three-dimensional (3D) optical data storage experiments were carried out by two-photon photobleaching in the multibranched-dye doped polymethylmethacryate (PMMA) with a 3D data storage density of approximate 14 Gbits/cm3. Research on the two-photon photobleaching ability shows the novel two-photon absorption dye with multibranched molecular motif has higher photosensitivity than traditional linear two-photon absorption dyes do.

A novel multibranched chromophore containing carbazole moiety，4, 4´, 4´´-tris(9-carbazyl-trans-styryl) triphenylamine (TCSTPA)，was synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR and elemental analysis. A larger two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section of the chromophore was obtained as high as 2350 GM compared to that of the traditional linear chromophore when pumped by a femtosecond laser at 800 nm. Microstructure based on TPA induced polymerization with a spatial resolution of submicron was fabricated under much lower incident laser power using TCSTPA as a TPA photoinitiator and a multifunctional resin of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) as a polymerizable monomer. The result indicates potential applications of this kind of chromophores with multibranched structural motif in the fabrication of polymer and functional microdevices.

The yellow river crossing tunnel runs through limestone at a depth of about 70m below the level of yellow river. Since the river water, phreatic pore water in loose Quaternary deposits and karst/fissure water in limestone communicates with each other, pre-grouting technique has to be employed before drilling and blasting excavation of the tunnel.

An integrated urban energy system planning model named SynCity which could make overall considerations of architecture site selection and layout, energy demand prediction, energy technologies optimal selection and energy flow distribution is shown in this paper and demonstrates it in the case of Shanghai Lingang New City. By case study simulation it offers a promising low-carbon emission solution which is the combination of gas engine heat pump and building cooling, heating and power. The energy flow between different cells of the city is obtained at the same time.

Software fault tolerance makes system complicated by means of diverse fault-tolerant mechanisms. Aspect-oriented programming has been confirmed as a well suited candidate to ease the problem. However, most of the existing works only focus on implementation level. This paper proposes an AOFTM model for aspect-oriented fault tolerance modeling with Coloured Petri nets at design level. Moreover, the weaving mechanism formally defined conducts the way to derive a woven net from AOFTM. A case study presents how AOFTM works, and its properties are analyzed using the CPN Tools.

The shaft drilling method is a fully mechanized operated mine shaft sinking method when shaft sinking through the soft and weak overburden layer. the new full section boring method can reduce the number of reaming, the number of bits, energy consumption and increase completed advance rate of shaft over 20%, reduce emissions of waste drilling mud by 20% . The paper in detail stated the features of the Full Section boring method operation，the implementation mode，design principle and support technology．

Based on the combined programming for VB, Excel and MATLAB, the paper makes research on short-circuit current of marine AC power system. This method can not only draw precise calculations, but also has the function of making short-circuit current time curve. And it opens up a new way to study the short-circuit current.

The paper discusses the contributing factors of dike failure occurred during construction of the diversion ditch. It is concluded that composition of ground and effect of the groundwater are physical element of slide, soil from ditch excavation placed on the top of flanking slopes for embankment and stress-relief at the foot of flanking slope by excavation are induced factors.

Base on Knothe time function, a new time function was proposed by adding parameter which is approved more accurate in predicting surface subsidence than Knothe funciton. Combing this new time function with section function of surface subsidence basin, a dynamic model is proposed to predict surface subsidence induced by underground mining and a case study based on this model was carried out. The results illustrates this model is more accurate to reflect the dynamic process of surface subsidence

Based on the SIMULINK tool of MATLAB, the paper researches the ship power system, the research includes: load suddenly increased or decreased when one single generator is running, generators’ running in parallel, load suddenly increased or decreased when two generators are running in parallel. Through the analysis of the different work condition, the paper researches the transient stability of the ship power system.

A new time function was proposed to cover the disadvantage of knothe time function in predicting surface subsidence by adding parameter k. The velocity and acceleration of the progressive surface subsidence obtained from this new time function were compared with actual subsidence data from an iron mine in China. Combining this new time function with section function of surface subsidence basin, a dynamic mode was proposed to predict surface subsidence induced by underground mining and a case study based on this model was carried out. It shows that this model accurately represents the actual subsidence pattern observed. Instruction

This paper gives the detail introduction of community energy planning method based on integrated resouces planning and applied it in Shanghai Expo Park, finally got the optimized energy option based on a comprehensive system of river water source heat pump. The main works included thermal load estimation, optimum pipework radius of district cooling system, the impacts of large-scale river water source heat pump (RWSHP) on the River water environment and the comparison of the energy performance of RWSHP with other district energy systems. Energy saving and carbon emission mitigation benefits of the program were also calculated.

Water underground is one of the most important factors which influences the strength of the rock and soil. In this study, we get the governing equation and simulate the process of water transportation in rock. Groundwater flow is modeled by a ground-water flow model and the partial differential equations can be solved by using finite element method.

For the sensitive of distribution parameters of random variables, system reliability research should be focus on identifying the significant failure modes, while failure probability as a quantitative reference index, only combining both of them can better estimate system reliability. On the basis of load incremental step theory, a method for identifying the significant failure modes which could more accurately simulate the real failure process for considering the change of bearing capacity and spatial position is proposed in this paper. Then, the corresponding program is prepared with APDL on ANSYS platform. On the one hand, the efficiency and accuracy of identification is improved, on the other hand, the usefulness of this method is enhanced. Finally, the reliability of a space grid engineering project is analyzed and discussed by this method; moreover, the system reliability index β is calculated as well. These analysis results are helpful to provide scientific basis for structural optimization, structural testing, and structural reinforcement and so on.

Stress migration behaviors in Tungsten (W) films were investigated according to morphological characteristics and residual stress analysis. Results show that stress relaxtion induced formation of voids and hillocks strips, which resembles the void / hillock pair observed in Cu film electromigration experiments. Analysis indicate that the formation of chocolate sphere shaped W hillocks is intimately related to the atoms diffusivity.

The thermal properties and rheological behavior of concentrated regenerated silk fibroin aqueous solution from 15% to 37% was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometer. Also the conformation of solutions was characterized by Raman spectra. It was discovered that the major endothermic peak in the DSC curves shifted toward the lower temperature region with increasing the concentration. This behavior suggests increasing the concentration can accelerate conformational transition of silk fibroin from random coil and α-helix to β-sheet structure. In addition, it was found that the viscosity of solution increased with increasing concentration in favor of spinning.

Tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited onto Si (100) substrates using direct-current magnetron sputtering. The structure and mechanical properties of Ta films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and nanoindenter. The results indicated a transition from regular to irregular Hall-Petch relationship with decreasing grain size. Besides, a peak indentation hardness value of 12.8 GPa, much higher than that of bulk coarse-grained Ta, was obtained at the grain size of 36.3 nm.

The tensile properties at strain rates of 0.001/s, 0.1/s and 0.6/s for Mg-3Al1-Zn-2Y, Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y and Mg-3Al-6Zn-2Y were researched, which showed great difference on the mechanical sensitivity to strain rate. The fractal behavior of the alloys’fracture interface is remarkable. The brittleness, plasticity and the appearance of fracture interface can be related through the fractal dimension D.

A dendritic type europium complex/silicone rubber has been prepared. According to the luminescence spectrum, the Judd-Ofelt theory was adopted to calculate the intensity parameters Ω2and Ω4. The total radiative transition rate (640.1 s-1), radiative lifetime (1.562 ms) and the stimulated emission cross-sections (46.19×10-22cm2) of the5D0exciting state have been evaluated. Analysis reveals that the europium (III) chelating polymer is promising for use in optical devices.

The corrosion related electro-magnetic signature is easily detected by modern sensor deployed in mine and other signal measurement system, so the importance of reducing is rapidly growing today. The eliminating effect of shaft frequency signature by shaft insulating technique, passive grounding technique and active grounding technique was comparatively studied by physical scale model (PSM), and their influence on static electromagnetic signature was also studied by boundary element method (BEM). Simulation results suggested that active shaft grounding technique was the best way for eliminating shaft frequency signature, but static electromagnetic signature was stronger than that when the shaft was insulated from hull.

Aiming at the eutrophication state of Dian Lake, based on hydrodynamics principle, and some available information about Dian Lake, such as eco-environmental construction planning, the previous work, and so on, a vertical-averaged 2-D hydrodynamic model of ecosystem is established under combination of wetland plants, bed mud, and water change. The model is applied to simulate flow and concentration fields of present lake water, and lake waters after breakwater removal and wetland build. It is also used to simulate concentration field of wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard. The influences of wetland plants and water expanding on flow field and water quality are analyzed, and the effect of wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard on water quality is analyzed, too. The results show that: The influence of water expanding on flow field is local; and the influence of wetland plants on flow field occurs primarily at wetland areas; and the influence of water expanding on water quality is not great because the total phosphorus(TP) and the total nitrogen(TN) reduce to 1.69mg/L and 0.16mg/L from 2.08mg/L and 0.19mg/L respectively; and the influence of ecological wetland on water quality is great, because the TP and the TN reduce to 0.76mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively, which could make the water quality of Dian Lake reach Ⅲ class of The National Surface Water Standards; and the influence of wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard on water quality is big, because the TP and the TN reduce to 0.17mg/L and 0.01mg/L respectively, which could obviously improve the water quality. Therefore, wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard and artificial wetland play an important role in the improvement of the ecological environment of Dian Lake.

An investigation on Cu/Cr/Si composite thin films demonstrated that a thin Cr layer affects the microstructures and mechanical behavior of Cu films significantly. The fracture modes changes from brittle fracture to ductile rupture, as indicated by the dimpled rupture of Cu films. Moreover, the Cr sticking layer can result in carrot-shaped rods and a fine grain size. Further analysis indicates their deformation and fracture processes are closely related to the coupling of dislocation-mediated plasticity as well as the formation and growth of voids which act as sites for nucleation of the dimples.

Inner reinforced concrete-block composite shaft lining was widely used in vertical shaft sinking by vertical shaft sinking machine (VSM) and freezing shaft. In this paper, the deformation characteristic, failure Patten and the load Bering capacity of inner reinforced concrete-block composite shaft lining are presented ,based on the model test .and the test data are provide for the design and calculation of this kinds of composite shaft lining.

The deformation characteristic load-deformation curve, failure Patten and the load bearing capacity of concrete block shaft lining under uniform and non-uniform load condition are presented. They were got from the mechanical property test of layered concrete block masses. And the large Structure test of concrete block lining series of test data are provided for the design and calculation of concrete block lining, and the deformation control under sinking of freezing shaft in which this kind of lining is utilized.

The authors propose a structural strengthening method combining the concepts of preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) and steel wire mesh reinforce mortar strengthening. The steel bar/wire mesh reinforce preplaced aggreate concrete (SWPAC) composite structural strengthening is targeted at cases where large increase of structural resistance are required, sectional enlargement is restraint and hash fire protection and durability requirements. The preliminary experimental study shows that the proposed structural strengthening method is practically feasible. The strengthened structure is ductile enough to work as structural members. For thin layer strengthening, lateral confinement of the strengthening concrete would be a key topic for later investigations.