Search

The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays)stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non-woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0%) and lignin content is the lowest (7.3%) content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry.Keywords:Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.

The aim of this study was to study the morphology and structural characteristic of NCC hydrolyzed from filter paper. The NCCs were extracted by acid hydrolysis at 50°C for 1 hour, using 55% conc. H2SO4 under vigorous mechanical stirring, centrifugation at 12000 rpm in distillate water and followed by homogenizing at 7000 rpm. The morphology and surface profiles of the NCC suspension was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystalline structure of the NCC was evaluated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. As a result, hydrolysed NCC was found to have a rod liked shape with diameter in the range of 100-300nm length and 10-50nm width, with the aspect ratio value of 10.3 nm. According to XRD investigations, the semi-crystalline cellulose was observed with the presence of an amorphous broad hump and crystalline peaks at 2θ of 15o and 22.7o, respectively. The crystalinity index of the raw filter paper was calculated as 86.7 % and increased to 94.4 % as it was extracted to NCC. Crystallite size of raw filter paper and NCC was calculated as 20.6 nm and 11.4 nm, respectively

This project investigated the use of facile pulping methods to produce pulp from mixed bio-plantation waste fibres using sodium hydroxide, ethanol and garbage enzyme. Papers were successfully made from mixture of corn husk fibres with other bio-based green fibres such as banana stems and pineapple leaves. Soda pulping was found to be efficient in converting the cellulosic bio-fibres to the pulps used for paper making. The papers produced have low tensile strength, high water absorption, high bio-decomposition and degradation rate, as compared to commercial papers. SEM observation revealed that paper made from mixed bio-fibres have lightly cross-linked structures compared to heavily cross-linked or compact network structures found in commercial papers. The paper can be used in applications that require high water absorbency. The paper making process is more environmental friendly as it reduces the usage of wood fibres and hence reduces the environmental problem caused by deforestation.

Homemade water in water cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsion was applied in cigarette paper pulp as dry strengthening agent with other strengthening agent. Good collaborative effect was achieved when CPAM was used in bleached wheat straw pulp with strengthening agent E and with cationic additives L as paper pulp strengthening agent. It was also showed that distinct strengthening effect was obtained when CPAM emulsion was applied in mixture of bleached needle kraft pulp (NBKP) and wheat straw pulp, breaking length and tearing index of cigarette handsheet made of mix pulp was respectively increased by 22.2% and17.0% when the dosage of CPAM was 0.8% of dry fiber. Through analysis of cigarette handsheet section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos, strengthening mechanism of CPAM emulsion to cigarette paper pulp was preliminary studied.

Both water repellency and water vapour barrier properties were endowed at paper surface by coating with beeswax-chitosan latex. It was found that the water vapour transmission rate of coated paper decreased as the drying temperature increased. However, water contact angle was not affected with it. Although the surface morphology deformed at high drying temperature, the roughness values maintained at micro-scale. Further analysis indicated that the water vapour barrier property of coated paper was influenced by the density of the coating layer.

The study aimed to describe the alkaline treatment advantage to remove ash component from natural rice straws. Most of the ash component in the rice straw is silica. High ash content is particularly harmful to cutting tools and to chemical to recovery systems in the pulp paper industry. In this study, the silica content has been removed simply through by immersion process in the 5% sodium hydroxide solution to obtain de-silicated rice straw. The study revealed the effectiveness of this alkaline process and the compatibility in commercial practice. The rice straw pulping is considered competitively to complement the global demand of raw material in paper production. Therefore, the treated rice straw plays an important role in providing raw material in the form of wood and rice straw blend feedstock for pulp and paper industry.

Due to a shortage of wood source fibre in paper making industrys interest to agriculture residues fibre as a potential fibre sources in this industry. In this situation, importance has been developing in the paper industry from agriculture residue that will replace the wood fibre. Cocoa pod husk and Corn stalk are agriculture residues, which is good materials for paper production. The objectives of this study are to investigate the chemical characterization and surface morphology structure of these materials. The main components of materials which are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content were parameters that involved in determination of chemical characterization in this study. The determination of chemical composition was accordance to Kurshner-Hoffner approach (cellulose), Chlorine Method (hemicellulose), T 222 om-06 (lignin) and T 211 om-07 (ash content). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface structure of materials. From results obtained, corn stalk shows the higher amount in cellulose (39%) and hemicellulose (42%) content compared to the cocoa pod husk. In addition, lower lignin content also obtained in Corn stalk (7.3%) rather than that Cocoa pod husk (14.7%). From Scanning electron microscopy images, Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk contained abundance lignocellulosic and rough surface structure due to the untreated materials. The result either chemical characterization or surface morphology that obtained in Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk fibre wastes can be used successfully as an alternative fibres sources in papermaking application.

The physical structure of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. In this study, the effect of pigment on surface microstructure and surface free energy was investigated. The findings indicated that the pigment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. Kaolin pigment compared with calcium carbonate pigment was good to improve the paper surface smoothness. Surface free energy of kaolin pigment coating was higher than calcium carbonate pigment coating, which showed that surface wettability of coating with kaolin pigment was better than calcium carbonate pigment.

This research were examined the characteristics chemical and physicalof paper mulberry fiber and also developed the spinning processes of paper mulberry yarn to make the fabric by weaving and knitting. The chemical composition of paper mulberry fiber was approximately 72.5% cellulose, while hemi-cellulose, lignin, pectin, and water-soluble were 17, 2.6, 2.3, and 5.6%, respectively. The characteristics and physical properties of paper mulberry fabric were also investigated.

The application of hydrated calcium silicate as filler in paper from wheat straw pulp is studied in this paper. It shows that that with the increase of dosage of hydrated calcium silicate, the stiffness of paper improves, and the whiteness and the printing color density of paper improve, but the tightness and tensile strength of paper decrease. When the dosage of CPAM is 0.45 g/kg, the tightness, tensile strength, tearing index, whiteness and printing color density reach the large value. Paper ash content increased with the increase of amount of hydrated calcium silicate, but paper ash gains is not big after the dosage of hydrated calcium silicate reaches 20%.

The Paper studied the effects of pigments and base paper on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The results showed that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased, and coating surface binder concentration increased with the increase of particle size of pigments. The result also indicated to small base paper absorbency, coating surface has high binder migration level, the coating layer bottom (base paper direction) has low binder concentration. To high absorbency base paper, the opposite is true.

Two silane-based hybrid coatings were developed to modify the surface energy of phenolic resin impregnated paper. The coated paper samples were further pressed onto surfaces of plywood. The surface properties and water repellence of coated paper were investigated by AFM, XPS and water contact angle measurements. The water absorption of plywood with pressed paper was studied by water uptake tests. It was found that the sol-gel coatings had slightly improved the water repellence of the impregnated paper. The water absorption of plywood was also slightly decreased.

Application in paper pulp as dry strengthening agent of homemade water in water cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsion was studied. Good collaborative effect was achieved when Homemade CPAM was used in bleached wheat straw pulp with strengthening agent E and with cationic additives L as paper pulp strengthening agent. It was also showed that distinct strengthening effect was obtained when homemade CPAM emulsion was applied in mixture of wood pulp which was needle bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) and straw pulp, breaking length and tearing index of hand sheet made of mix pulp was respectively increased by 22.2% and17.0% when the dosage of CPAM was 0.8% of dry fiber. Through analysis of handsheet section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos, strengthening mechanism of CPAM emulsion to paper pulp was preliminary studied.

During the manufacture of recycled paper, paper sludge is discharged as an industrial waste. The amount of sludge discharged from manufacturing plants increases annually. In this study, the organic constituents, such as cellulose, in the sludge were converted into carbonaceous heavy metal absorbents using sulfur treatment. Paper sludge was washed with 5 M HCl solution to remove inorganic content, and then immersed in 1 M K2S solution for 24 h. After immersion, the sample was heated at 800 °C for 1 h under N2 atmosphere, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the product. The sludge was mainly composed of inorganic content, such as calcite, kaolinite and talc, and organic content. Calcite was removed with acid washing and sulfur was impregnated into the sludge by immersing it into the K2S solution. The product with sulfur impregnation indicated higher removal abilities for lead and nickel than those without sulfur impregnation.

Due to the presence of recalcitrant organic compounds, the pulp and paper effluents after treatment by conventional biological processes still contain high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colored substances and do not satisfy the national emission standard. The objectives of this work are to present the research process on environmental materials with application of ozone-based technologies in removal of characteristic pollutants in pulp and paper effluents and suggest the feasible development trend. In this work, basic mechanisms of degradation of organic pollutants by ozone-based technologies in the presence of environmental materials as catalyst are described. The removal efficiencies of characteristic pollutants commonly found in pulp and paper effluents, such as absorbable organic halogens (AOX), resin and fatty acids, phenolic compounds, lipophilic wood extractives and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), are presented.

Tertiary treatment wascarried out to treat pulp and paper effluent from secondary treatment processby a three-dimensional electrode system equipped with modifiedbentonites as powdery electrode. The cetyl trimethylammonium bromide modified bentonite (CTAB-bent) and hydroxy-aluminum pillaredorganic bentonite (OH-Al-CTAB-bent) were synthesized and characterized by XRDand FTIR spectroscopy analysis.The impacts such as the dosage of particle electrode, electrolysis times,current density were on the COD removal efficiency and decolorization effect ofeffluent were also investigated. The results showed that the experimentscarried out by three-dimensional electrode system with OH-Al-CTAB-bent weresufficient for the COD and color removal efficiency. A current density of 30mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 40min, and the particle electrodedosage of 1.6g/L were selected as an optimum conditions that allows fast andlow cost treatment. The effluent can achieve the discharge standard of waterpollutants for pulp and paper industry (GB3544-2008) after electrolysis.

Waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) is a byproduct and problematic waste of paper industries. The investigation was driven by the increasing demand for reuse options in paper-recycling industry. This paper present on the morphology and physical analysis studies on polymerization of WPSA mortar. Two (2) types of polymeric mortar mixes containing WPSA with alkaline activators and without alkaline activators were prepared. The morphology of each mixes was determined using Spectra Electron Microscope (SEM) and the physical test is focus on compressive strength. However, the element diffraction of each mixes using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was also carried out as a method to identify the polymerization of polymeric mortar. From the result obtained it is found that the utilization of WPSA reduced the polymerization of polymeric mortar due to more pores. From the EDX analysis it is also revealed that the WPSA polymeric mortar also contained less synthetic aluminous silicate compound. However, the strength gain up to 6MPa and it is comparable with other high calcium material mortar.

A novel hollow microsphere plastic pigment was prepared by the soap-free seeded emulsion polymerization. This pigment, with polyacrylate as core and with polystyrene as shell (PA/PSt) had hollow structure after dryness. The latex was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and particle size analysis. The synthetic pigment was applied in the paper coating, and its influence on the printablility of the coated paper was investigated. The results show that the overall properties of the coated paper can be effectively improved when the clay in the base formulation is replaced by a small amount of hollow microsphere plastic pigment.

Fibers of dissolved air flotation rejects were been carboxymethylated to make dry strengthening agent. The effects of carboxymethylated time on carboxyl content, water retention value and physical properties of paper sheets were discussed. The effects of pH, dose of additive agent and additive aluminum sulfate on paper properties were discussed. The result show that carboxyl content and water retention values increased with the increasing of carboxymethylated time according to the research. IR analysis indicates that carboxymethyl has been connected to the surface of fibers. SEM micrographs shown that fibers were intergraded more closely benefit from the addition of dry strengthening agent. Tensile index, burst index and folding endurance respectively increased by 90.1% 101.8% and 833.3% on the condition: the additive agent amount 3%, pH 5, additive aluminum sulfate 0.5% of original pulp. Tensile index, burst index and folding endurance respectively increased by 74.0%, 87.8% and 877.8% when the carboxymethylated time was 110min for recycled pulp. This paper can be used as the theoretical basis for reusing of fiber of dissolved air flotation rejects.

The intention of this paper is to review of some recent innovative novelties about paper and board pigment coating raw materials. First an overview is given of “traditional” coating raw materials and the coating process. Then new starch based pigments and binders as well as novel plastic pigments are reviewed regarding their effect on coated paper properties. Finally it is concluded that further innovations and research are needed.

To enhance printing qualities, this study used refluxed silica (SiO2) from rice husk by hydrochloric acid (HCl) at different molarities and reaction times as coating agent for printed paper. Characterization of the refluxed silica from 2M HCl 120 min elucidated the purity of 98.7% and amorphous structure. Particle size of the silica exhibited uniform size of 3 μm and the color measurement (CIE L*a*b*) indicated 94.79+0.48+1.24, whiteness and color difference (E) were 84.85, 3.28, respectively. The coating agent was prepared by water-based varnish of acrylic resin mixed with the synthesized silica at different proportions: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 (%wt), and later was applied on 170 g/m2-white kraft papers. The results showed that the water-based coating varnish with silica exhibited an increase of viscosity as increasing the amount of the silica. Printing qualities indicated that the vanished printed paper with 1.0% silica elucidated the highest details in shadow tone and text (font) sharpness. The color gamut yielded a wider scope than the printed papers which were varnished with the silica at 0.0%, 0.5% and 1.5%. Nonetheless, the color density showed insignificant difference to 1.5% silica varnished paper.

This paper describes the precipitated calcium carbonate filler applied to paper industry, which was prepared by adding a specific crystal control agent. And a series of influencing factors in carbonation process was studied, such as carbonization temperature, concentration of milk of lime, carbon dioxide concentration and the crystal shape control dosage. Therefore the optimum conditions for preparation of chrysanthemum-shaped crystalline calcium carbonate were determined.

The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. In this study, the effect of pigment on coating layer structure and surface properties was investigated. The surface topography was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the pigment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that coating could improve coating surface topography and calcium carbonate pigment compared with kaolin pigment was not good to the paper surface properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption and low paper surface efficiency.

In this paper, the effect of the charge of hydrophilic and lipophilic nanosized TiO2 on the optical properties and printability of coated paper was investigated. The parameters including brightness, opacity, surface strength and sizing degree were used to evaluate the optical properties and printability of coated paper. The effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic TiO2 on the properties of coated paper were discussed. It was shown that the optical properties and printability of coated paper increase persistently with the change of nanosized TiO2 charged from 5% to 15%. Once the charge of nanosized TiO2 was over 15%, the main properties of coated paper took on a downward tendency. The properties of coated paper were related to the surface properties of nanosized TiO2 samples. It was found that the lipophilicity of nanosized TiO2 sample played a more important role in the improvement of the coated paper properties, which was believed to be based on the fact that lipophilic nanosized TiO2 could be well compatible with the binders used in the paper coating.

In this work, acrylic acid and N-methylolacrylamide were used as functional monomers for preparation of styrene-acrylic emulsion, in combination with styrene and acrylic ester, as primary monomers. Also, 4 optimized emulsifier blends, including OP-10/FR-1, ER-30/FR-1, S-201/RE610, and CO-630/OF-40, were employed. A series of styrene-acrylic emulsion for automobile filter paper was successfully synthesized by preemulsification and semicontimuous copolymerization methods. The dilution stability, electrolyte stability, freeze-thaw stability, viscosity, pH and particle structure of emulsions after different storage time were monitored; the water resistance, bursting strength, stiffness of automobile filter paper after application were tested to study the effects of storage time. The results showed that the emulsions had good storage stability, while using all the 4 emulsifier blends. The pH value of emulsions decreased slowly, viscosity, dilution stability, particle size and distribution of emulsions were good; stabilities of freeze-thaw, storage and electrolyte changed slightly. Emulsions from emulsifier blends of OP-10/FR-1, ER-30/FR-1 and CO-630/OF-40 gave good water resistance property to filter paper. After 6 months, the paper bursting strength was almost unchanged, although the emulsion was stored for 6 months. The stiffness of papers reached the highest value, when the emulsion was stored for 2 weeks, and kept consistent until storage time of 6 months.

AKD is an important internal size for paper pulp fiber. With recycled economy development, regenerated paper fiber becomes an important resource. In this paper, AKD is used as a modification aid by internal sizing method. It shows that the change of the dosage of AKD influences regenerated paper fiber Cobb value, but has no influence to paper surface strength. The proper pH value is from 7 to 9. The temperature has no influence to regenerated paper fiber Cobb value and paper surface strength. Appropriate modified starch is good for AKD modification fiber and increase of the surface strength of paper made from modified fiber by AKD. Amphoteric starch is better than cationic starch. Other added substances such as PEI, MPEI and PAE can improve the modification of paper fiber modified by AKD. So the adsorption of modified paper fiber decrease and the surface strength of paper modified fiber increase.

Different degrees of high degree of substitution cationic starch (HCS) were prepared and applied in paper coating. Effects of HCS on coating properties and coated paper properties were investigated, and the comparison of effects of HCS and PDMDAAC was made. The results show that the best amount of HCS in coating formula is between 2% and 4%. When the amount of HCS is 4%, whiteness of coated paper was the highest. The color density was the highest when the amount of HCS is about 4% and the degree of substitution is 0.64. HCS with degree of substitution 0.849 is better than PDMDAAC in some respects, and the print image density achieved satisfactorily.

In recent years, conductive paper produced by in-situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole and aniline in aqueous electrolytes has aroused a great interest. The in-situ chemical polymerization process is a process in which a monomer such as aniline or pyrrole is polymerized in the presence of pulp fibers. This approach can not only impart to paper specific functions, but also provide a new possibility for the processing and utilization of conductive polymers. In this paper, the research progress on inherently conducting polymer coated paper was overviewed.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drying condition on the binder distribution and characterize the binder migration in the method of numerical and visual analysis by Scanning Electrical Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). In this study, Rhodamine B was used to stain the binder and as the probe to characterize z-directional distribution of the binder using LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective method using LSCM to characterize the z- directional distribution of binder and analyze the influence of dry condition on binder migration. It could be concluded that the dry temperature played an important effect on binder distribution in coated paper and high dry temperature accelerated binder migration to the coating surface, however low drying temperature made binder migrate towards the interior of base paper. Moderate drying is good to binder distribution and coating layer forming.

In this paper, Water glass and sulfuric acid were used as raw materials to do the synthesis of hydrated silica by the method of precipitation, and then hydrated silica is applied in paper coating. By examining the changes of the coated paper’s various properties to study the effects of different reaction conditions to the final products. And then we obtained a optimal synthesis conditions: sulfuric acid concentration 25%, reaction time 50min, reaction temperature 80°C, sodium silicate modulus 2.8, stirring speed 150r/min, the relative amount of sodium sulfate content compared to SiO2 is 25% .And at last the outward appearance of the hydrated silica and the structural changes in paper coating were observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Effect of wood pulp fiber and filler on the mechanical properties and harmful substance of reconstituted tobacco sheet were investigated. Experiments result showed that added lower lignin content pulp reduced phenols produced by reconstituted tobacco sheet combustion. As addition of bleached hardwood kraft pulp and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) increased, the amount of phenols release was dropped dramatically, but in order to ensure the normal operation of papermaking mechine, wood pulp and PCC addition should not be more than 20%. If wood pulp addition was above 20%, it had negative effect on the bulk, carbon monoxide and cigarette smoke flavor of reconstituted tobacco sheet; when PCC addition was more than 20%, it has negative effect on the normal operation of papermaking mechine.

By means of self-emulsifying, blocked & crosslinked cationic polyurethane (CBPU) microemulsion was prepared with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone glycol, bisphenol A, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as cationic hydrophilic chain-extending agent, ̴̵̹̹̱̼̽͊̿˰̱̓˰̷̲̼̳̻̹̿̾˰̷̵̱̾̈́˰̴̱̾˰̞˽̫˸́˼́˽̴̵̸̹͉̼̽̈́˽̂˽̵̱̳͉̼̈́˹̵̸͉̼̭̈́˽ڂ˽̴̸̴̵̸̹͉͈͉͉̼̱̹͂̿̈́̽̾̿˰̴̵̱̱̹̀͂̿̀̾̽˸̠̔̔˹˰̱̓˰̷̳̼̹̻̹͂̿̓̓̾̾˰̷̵̱̾̈́˾˰̶̶̵̳̈́̓̕˰̶̿˰̸̵̈́˰̠̥̓̒˰̵̴̲̼̳̻̿˰̱̹͂̈́̿˰̿̾˰̸̵̈́˰̸͉̹̳̱̼̀̓˰̵̵̹̀͂̿̀͂̈́̓˰̶̿˰̸̵̈́˰̵̵̴̱̈́͂̈́˰̵̱̀̀͂˰̵̵͇͂˰̴̵̴̹̓̈́ͅ˾˰̸̵̤˰̵̵̵͈̹̱̼̀͂̽̾̈́˰̵̼͂̓̈́̓ͅ˰̸͇̓̿˰̓̈́͂uctures of tertiary amine group, imidazole ring and urethane group are found in CBPU molecular structure. The morphology of the particle is uniform spheric structure and its size is related to the content of tertiary amine groups of CBPU. The paper strength, especially the wet strength can be obviously increased with the increasing of the blocked ratio of CBPU. The optimum blocked ratio of CBPU is 10%.

By applying sodium hydroxide/urea and a sample freeze drying method, we successfully synthesized green cellulose aerogel from paper waste for the first time. We adjusted the cellulose concentration from 1.5 percents to 4 percents in the initial hydrogel. They yielded densities changing from 0.03-0.1 g/cm3.The absorption capacities varied from 9 to 20 times of their own weight. To investigate the water absorption capacity in relationship with the initial chemical dosage, we changed the input amount of urea and sodium hydroxide, which is the first study ever. The thermal conductivity of the 2 percents sample ranged from 0.029-0.032 W/mK. Besides, the material has a high potential to be used in diaper industry as it is biodegradable which is better than most super absorbent polymers.

Antibacterial paper for packaging was sprayed by nanochitosan as antibacterial ingredients. The bacteriostatic circle method was adopted to evaluate its antibacterial effect on E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of nanochitosan on antibacterial paper thickness, tensile strength, bursting strength, folding strength and antibacterial properties.The results showed that: tensile strength, bursting strength and folding strength of the antibacterial paper is better than the control paper and the thickness has no obvious change. The antibacterial paper enhanced the antibacterial effect following the increasing concentration of nanochitosan. The same concentration of nanochitosan antibacterial paper, its inhibitory effect on E.coli was greater than that of Staphylococcus aureus.

Fluorocarbons were added into the mixture of modified starch and sodium alginate to get uniform coating solution, and the solution was then coated on the surface of transparent paper. The color as well as grease barrier property of paper at different coating weight were studied. The results showed that color under different coating weights were not significantly different from base paper. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) diagram showed the surface of paper became smoother and more homogeneous as the coating weight increased. The grease barrier property of coated papers were significantly improved compared with base paper according to Tappi-559 kit test. A highest grease rating number of 12 was obtained when the coating weight became 3.3 g/m2. The dynamic changes in contact angle studies revealed that the contact angle of the base paper was continuously decreased from 29.41 °minutes to 23.46 °within 20, the contact angles of coated papers were significantly increased, and reaching a steady state within 2min with the maximum rate of contact angle change was of merely 0.06 ° / min.

The analysis of all kinds of selected chemicals, mixed starch was donethrough a specific process and orthogonal experiments. The best proportion ofthe new type of surface sizing agent was prepared through the glue applicationexperiments, testing paper physical properties. The results showed that thebest formula of surface sizing agent including borax, sodium silicate,anhydrous sodium sulfate, ferrous chloride which ratio is 3:4:2:1. At the sametime modifying agent was added so that the stable performance can be obtainedfrom the solid surface sizing agent. Homemade solid surface sizing agent canmake paper greatly improve the sizing degree, increased by 50.9%, the stiffnessof the tear strength increased by 56.7%, folding degrees increased by 53.0%.Compared with the surface sizing agent market, various aspects index improvedsignificantly.

In this experiment, we use corn starch as the main raw material and use Mid-Temperature a-amylase to modifie it. The influnce of temperature and time to viscosity of the enzymatic starch were discussed. In this way, we can get the optimal conditions about enzymatic modification. According to testing properties of the paper ,we know about its surface sizing effect. At last,we explored the influnce of AKD to surface sizing. The results showed that the optimal conditions are as follows: the optimal enzyme reaction temperature of 65 °C and the ptimal enzyme reaction time of 20min under the condition that the substrate concentration of 20%, the dosage of enzyme of 0.02%, the dosage of calcium chloride of 0.04%, pH 6, gelatinization temperature of 95 °C, and gelatinization concentration of 10%.Under this condition, the viscosity of starch paste is 11mPas. Compared with original paper, sizing increased by 16.20%, burst index increased by 10.50%, tensile index increased by 12.60%. The AKD can significantly improve the degree of sizing, compared with the original paper, the degree of sizing increased by 26.5%.

A mulberry paper has been used to produce many consumer products such as lantern, card, packaging and decorating articles. Similar to other cellulosic materials, the mulberry paper bears abundant hydroxyl groups on its surface. Besides easily ignited, it can absorb water or humidity. To improve its thermal stability and to reduce deterioration caused by moisture adsorption, the mulberry paper was coated with a flame-retardant substance which was monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and a hydrophobic substance which was poly (methylhydrogen siloxane) (PMHS). The coating was conducted by immersing the mulberry paper in coating solution for 2 min followed by drying at 50 °C for 30 min. By varying a weight ratio of the PMHS and MAP, the PMHS:MAP weight ratio of 10:10 was found to be the optimum coating solution. The coated mulberry paper had good thermal property according to the thermogravimetric analysis. The uncoated mulberry paper showed residue of about 21% while the coated mulberry paper showed the increased residue of more than 50%. The burning test revealed that the coated mulberry paper was self-extinguished after removal of the ignition source while complete burning was observed on the uncoated paper. Moreover, it was water repellent with a water contact angle of 101.48 ± 5.81 degrees.

In order to prepare the polyurethane with less reliance on the oil resources, natural, renewable castor oil was used as raw materials to replace the traditional oil type polyols. The castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane was synthesized by the reaction of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), castor oil (C.O.), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and triethyl amine (TEA). The results revealed that the best paper surface strength properties could be obtained under the condition that the mole ratio of TDI to C.O. was 3.0, prepolymerization temperature was 75°C and dosage of hydrophilic chain extender DMPA was 12.1%. In addition, picking speed of paper surface sized by this emulsion increased 2.53 times compared to the unsized paper, from 0.81m/s to 2.86 m/s, Printing ink absorption value and PPS value reduced in a reasonable scope, 60 s Cobb value was below 30 g/m2.

Aluminium silicate fiber is an excellent high-temperature material which is widely used in special paper industry in recent years. Due to its property of hardly interweave into the paper and the low strength of the single inorganic fibers paper, it is difficult to make a general basis weight paper. In response to these issues, the strength of the paper was improved by adding some plant fibers. This study takes advantage of good resistance to high temperature of inorganic adhesive and bonding capacity of organic intensifier. Meanwhile two inorganic adhesives (waterglass and ludox) and one organic adhesives carboxymethy starch (CMS) were used in the process of preparing the aluminium silicate paper. The physical properties and insulation properties of the paper which prepared from the difference conditions were studied. The experiment results showed that the adhesive of waterglass and ludox can improve the properties of resistant to high temperature. The adding dosages were 10% and 7.5ml, respectively. The best ratio of alumina silicate fiber to conifier fiber is 7 to 3.The using of CMS can decrease the amount of the plant fiber and its best usage is 10%.

Our presentation develops the study of cement mortars manufactured with melamine waste, either in the form of powder or cellulose paper, taken from the industrial production of particle boards, characterizing all of their properties and comparing them with traditional cement mortars. The objective is to determine in what way the addition of melamine powder and melamine paper will modify traditional mortar, once these materials have been subjected to a polymerization process under pressure and under increased temperature, in order to assess the possibility of using these new materials for applications in the construction industry. The behaviour of mortar in the fresh state is studied, determining the variations produced with the addition of melamine powder and melamine paper on the workability and the on-site use of these mortars. Likewise, their mechanical properties under flexion, compression, and adherence to a ceramic surface are studied and compared with those obtained from the reference mortar. Water absorption by capillary action and vapour permeability are also studied, in order to understand the interaction of the polymerized melamine in the capillary network of the mortar. Dosages were prepared for a reference mortar and a further two series of mortars with different quantities of melamine powder and melamine paper, together with cement, sand and water. In this first phase, the use of additives in the mixtures was not considered. The process of selecting the materials and the dosage criteria of the mixtures are subsequently described. The results of the study show that the use of powder melamine and paper cellulose melamine can be used to manufacture mortars with properties that are equivalent to traditional mortars, although further studies with greater precision will be needed on the contribution of the melamine polymerization process to the internal structural cohesion of the mortar.

After the treatment of the ultrasound, the paper sizing agent preparation process with emulsion copolymerization of methyl methl acrylate and butylacrylate under microwave irradiation is discussed. To research the synthesis of sizing agent, the change of emulsion polymerization products of monomer conversion, particle size, and centrifugal stability were observed under types of conditions such as microwave power and dosage of emulsifiers. This synthetic method is due to use the microwave irradiation so that its response is very fast, and it can provide a new approach to prepare efficiently a paper sizing agent in the paper making.

Sepiolite has good adsorptivity due to their high surface area and structural channels. During the process of making aluminium silicate fiber paper, inorganic binders retaintion was little because of the smooth surface of aluminium silicate fibers. In this study, sepiolite was used to improve tensile strength of the sheet by increasing inorganic binders retaintion rate through its high adsorptivity. The effect of sepiolite on the tensile strength of alimunium silicate fiber paper was investigated. The results showed that the best mass ratio of aluminium silicate fibers to spiolite was 7:3. Under this condition, the tensile strength of the sheet was 4.79 N•m/g, which increased by 24.2% from the one without sepiolite.

In this paper, we proposed the method to synthesize the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer, which takes PAE, styrene and acrylic as raw materials. Factors that would affect the preparation of the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer, such as monomer amount, reaction time, initiator amount and emulsion concentration, were discussed in detail. Experimental results showed that the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer achieved optimum effect the strength of tube roll base paper under the conditions: the amount of acrylic is 6%, the ratio of styrene and PAE is 2:1, holding time 4h, and the amount of initiator 0.7%. The modified polyamide polyamine enhancer applied to tube roll base paper. The optimum amount of modified polyamide enhancer was 1%. The ring crush strength of paper prepared in this condition can be increased by 44% and the stiffness can be increased by 46%.

Rice husk is a form of agricultural biomass that provides an abundant silicon dioxides source. This study used rice husk ash as a material to prepare paper coating. Silica powder has been synthesized by the refluxing of rice husk ash with HCl 1,2 and 3 M at different time (60 and 120 min.) The silicon dioxide extraction yield reached 85% and was effect by concentration of HCl solution and reaction time. The structure of the obtained silica powder were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Particle size distribution (PSD), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), CIE L*a*b* (Visible spectrophotometer) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The highest purity of silica sample were 98.7% SiO2, CIE L*a*b* = 94.79 +0.48 +1.24, ∆E ≈ 3.28 (white powder) and 2Ɵ = 22o (silica). Particle had a uniform size less than 3 μm. The paper coating was made from acrylic resin mixed with synthesized silica that refluxing by HCl 2 M 120 min at different ratio (2%, 4% and 6%) and paper coated with a gravure printing machine. The qualities of paper coating were analyzed from viscosity, Transparency (Density) and color gamut of inkjet printing. The paper coating that mixed synthesized silica from rice husk 4% was highest qualities because have viscosity 358 ± 24.99ctp., Density = 0.19, and widely color gamut.

In this paper, Old Corrugated Container (OCC) was used as the raw material for making paper. The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films was adopted to modify the surface of OCC fibres. Poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) have been used to build up polyelectrolyte multilayers on OCC fibres under a certain condition. Zeta potential analyzer was used to monitor the dynamic adsorption of PDADMAC and HEC with different amount on OCC fibers. Strength measurements of the sheets including tensile index and bursting index were also determined, showing a significant improvement in physical strength with the increase of adsorbed layer number. Compared with not being processed sheets, tensile index and bursting index of sheets from treated fibre with polyelectrolyte multilayers were raised by 36.65% and 49.50%, respectively. Furthermore, filtration time analysis of OCC fibre suspension showed that the built up of PDADMAC and HEC on OCC fibres could improve the fiber-fiber joint strength of joints from polymer-treated fibers, which made the filtration time decline from 30 s to 10.6 s. In addition, SEM was introduced to observe the morphology of the PDADMAC/HEC multilayers. The images revealed that the surface of OCC fibres structured a film like plastic, which could be ascribed to the adsorption layer of polyelectrolyte.

Hydrophobic modification of cellulose fibres was conducted by plasma-induced polymer grafting in an attempt to increase the hydrophobicity of paper. Two hydrophobic monomers, i.e., butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) were grafted on cellulose fibres, induced by atmospheric cold plasma. Various influencing factors associated with the plasma-induced grafting were investigated, including the contact time and reaction temperature with monomers, and the dosage of monomers. Contact-angle measurement, infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to ascertain the occurrence of the grafting. The results showed that the hydrophobic property of the modified paper sheet was improved significantly after the plasma-induced grafting. The water contact angle on the surface of the paper reached up to higher than125°.

The residual contaminants in paper-plastic food packaging materials can migrate into both surface and inside of food, and consequently harm consumer’s health. Due to this fact, the safety of food packaging materials has attracted concerns from all over world. In this study, the residual contaminants were extracted by ethanol from paper-plastic food packaging materials under ultrasonic condition and different temperatures firstly, then the extractives were concentrated by rotary evaporator, and finally the concentrated contaminants were characterized by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. The results showed that the following contaminants are detected in the paper-plastic food packaging materials: plasticizer including dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP); antioxidants including 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and solvents in printing ink production including n-Hexadecane and n-Heptadecane. Upon the test results, the conclusion is that more residual contaminants can be detected under high temperatures. This study is helpful for quality control of paper-plastic food packaging materials and has built basic foundation for future migration research.

Self-supporting film of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), also known as SWNT paper, is held together by Van der Waals force without any chemical binders. Prepared by vacuum filtration method, SWNT paper was then decorated wirh polypyrrole (PPy) through pulsed potentio amperometric polymerization. The results indicated that the SWNT paper had a typical network structure, after polymerizing PPy, cauliflower-like structure was observed on the surface of SWNT ropes. The composite thin film has good cyclic voltammetry (CV) property and the specific capacitance wass ca.420Fg-1, which was much larger than that of pure SWNT paper.

The methods of synthesizing polyurethane (Isophorone diisocyanate IPDI) with paper were investigated. The combination of SEM and IR analysis were used to analyze the chemical and physical characteristics and forming mechanism of the polyurethane derived from paper. The physical of base-paper material improved remarkably on the conditions of dosage of IPD 12%, reaction time 10min and temperature 60°C, facture length elevated by54.4%, folding strength raised by 12.4 times, and wet strength / dry strength was 50.54%.It was found that carbonate bond was formed between IPDI with cellulose in fibers when the paper was treated with IPDI .The treatment can change hydrogen bonds into chemical bonds and enhance the base-paper material’s physical strength. The Hydroxyl of Cellulose and －N=C=O produced the structure of amino formic acid ester, which formed as a bridge between the fibers. The hydrogen combining was transformed to chemical combining, which strengthened the intensity of single fiber and reinforce the combine of fibers. The treatment can change hydrogen bond into chemical bond and improved the paper’s physical strength, especially the wet strength.