Search

Textiles can be promising next‐generation wearable thermal management systems by exhibiting tunable infrared emissivity for dual‐mode control of cooling/warming, yet textiles often exhibit constant infrared emission. Herein, a dynamic thermoregulatory textile is woven from scalable‐manufactured radiative electrochromic fibers and is easily driven by a low voltage in a manner that results in a modulated emissivity of Δɛ≈0.35. Through a synergistic combination of the spiral outer electrode and electrochemically tunable carbon nanotube layer, excellent electrochemical controllability of the fibers is achieved over 100‐m length within 5s because of the decreased internal resistance with increasing length. As a result, the thermoregulatory textile suppresses substantial temperature variation and ensures excellent temperature regulation within ≈1.6 °C for simulated skin (much better than that of traditional textiles: ≈2.9 °C) under an ambient temperature fluctuation of 11.2 °C. Finally, wearable infrared camouflage and invisible infrared displays are also demonstrated by weaving or embroidering the radiative electrochromic fibers onto clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials with contrary wettability have various functions and applications. Common methods such as chemical modification and secondary treatment with solid mask to achieve relevant wettability either have harmful additives or construct fixed shape. Herein, liquid is introduced as a plasma mask for constructing arbitrary area with contrary wettability on hydrophobic textiles. In atmospheric plasma working region, exposed area of textiles achieves hydrophilic while liquid shielding area maintains the original wettability. Water–ethanol mixtures with a broad range of surface tension are chosen as template liquid to meet most hydrophobic textiles with the property of erasable evaporation without residue. Liquid mask with fluidity can be drawn in any shape at any time, meanwhile, plasma treatment highlights the merit of no chemical additive. Higher resolution will be achieved when the operation process is further refined. This study may provide insights for constructing advanced infiltrating materials and replacing solid with liquid in more application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of electronic textiles currently lacks n‐type polymer fibers that can complement the more established p‐type polymer fibers. Here, a highly conductive n‐type polymer fiber is obtained via wet‐spinning of n‐doped poly(3,7‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']difuran‐2,6‐dione) (n‐PBDF). The electrical conductivity of the fibers increases from 1000 to 1600 S cm−1 with increased draw during processing and correlates well with Young's modulus. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals the existence of a bimodal orientation of the polymer chains, favoring parallel alignment to the fiber axis with increased draw. After 14 d in 80% humid air, fiber conductivity stabilizes maintaining 81% of the initial conductivity. Although the electrical conductivity drops slightly over time, the Seebeck coefficient increases, resulting in the highest thermoelectric power factor being measured at 91 µW m−1 K−2 for the most drawn fiber 14 d after its fabrication. A proof‐of‐concept two‐couple thermoelectric textile is crafted by embroidering bundles of n‐type PBDF fibers and p‐type PEDOT:PSS fibers. The device generates 2.40 nW at a 22 °C temperature gradient. This work represents the initial steps and a crucial advancement toward fabricating high‐performance n‐type polymer fibers that can complement their p‐type counterparts to close the existing performance gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seamless integration of emerging directional liquid transport (DLT) technology with traditional textile materials has ushered in the next‐generation multifunctional textiles, i.e., DLT textiles, which will play a vital role in areas such as wearable smart materials and ecological environmental protection. To further promote the combination of DLT technology and textile technology, a concise overview of the research progress in DLT textiles, including the basic transport mechanisms, various preparation strategies and diversified applications of DLT textiles is provided. In this review, the theoretical mechanisms of directional transport from the perspective of wetting and wicking is discussed. Besides, the preparation strategies of DLT textiles, and categorized them into three categories is summarized: fiber‐based DLT textiles, fabric‐based DLT textiles, and fiber/fabric hybrid‐based textiles. Subsequently, the current and potential applications of DLT textiles are classified and discussed, mainly focusing on functional clothing, oil‐water separation, fog collection, distillation, sensors, biomedicine, and so on. Finally, the challenges and prospects of DLT textile research to enhance the functionality and application performance is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man‐made superhydrophobic membranes are of interest for various applications in energy, environment, and medical fields. However, simultaneously achieving durable superhydrophobicity, robust waterproofness, and high breathability of the membranes is still challenging. Herein, an efficient and powerful strategy is reported to create superhydrophobic membranes with perdurable liquid repellency and robust breathability via combining humidity‐induced electrospinning with coat‐crosslinking technology. The micro/nano rough structure is in situ constructed based on manipulating the phase separation of electrospun jets; meanwhile, the waterborne acrylic resins are bridged to the surface of nanofiber to endow the membranes with stable low surface energy via coating and crosslinking treatment. Eventually, the resultant membranes present superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of ≈154°, good self‐cleaning and anti‐icing properties, robust waterproofness of 83.4 kPa, and high breathability of 3.71 kg m−2 d−1. More interestingly, the nanomaterials can maintain durable superhydrophobicity even after exposure to various severe conditions. The successful creation of high‐performance superhydrophobic membranes opens a new avenue for synthesizing advanced functional materials for application in a variety of fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile‐based flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices have attracted extensive research interest due to their great potential in the fields of illumination and display, information interaction, smart wear, visual sensing, and trendy decoration. However, the challenge remains to easily and efficiently fabricate electroluminescent devices with high brightness and excellent durability. In this study, a fully sprayed method for fabricating electroluminescent devices on fabric is proposed. Based on the top‐emitting structure, light‐emitting e‐textiles with bright light emission are successfully prepared using highly conductive eutectic gallium–indium alloy and silver nanowires as the bottom and top electrodes, respectively, and high dielectric constant composites as the dielectric layer. Here, the brightness enhancement mechanism of high dielectric constant dielectric layers is explained for alternating current electroluminescence devices with top‐emitting structure. The devices have a brightness of up to 338.6 cd m−2 and are resistant to all forms of physical damage. This work may be a feasible path to simplify the process and reduce the cost, and may effectively promote the industrialization of wearable electroluminescent devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced innovation of flexible electrode with adequate redox activity and stably mechanical endurance that promotes charges kinetic migration and faradaic storage is pivotal for textile‐based supercapacitors (T‐SCs). Herein, this study reports a high‐performance T‐SCs electrode based on nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxides@black phosphorus (NiCo‐LDHs@BP) on a conductive silk (c‐silk) textile (NiCo‐LDHs@BP/c‐silk). Under negative voltage‐induced electrochemical exfoliation, the Ni2+ and Co2+ are embedded into bulk BP framework to form exfoliated BP nanosheets, and the NiCo‐LDHs are in situ grown within the BP networks, generating 3D NiCo‐LDHs@BP hetero‐nanostructure. Significantly, the NiCo‐LDHs@BP exhibits a large space‐charge area, enhanced adsorption energy for OH− and accelerated charges transfer/storage as confirmed using density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the T‐SCs electrode is fabricated by loading the blended NiCo‐LDHs@BP, sericin, and carbon nanotubes on fibroin textile via a silk reconstruction strategy, producing large area production, superior mechanical flexibility, and impressive electrochemical performance. The resultant NiCo‐LDHs@BP/c‐silk electrode exhibits large specific capacitance of 1291.3 F g−1 and considerable rate capacity in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the flexible solid‐state asymmetric T‐SCs deliver high specific areal energy density of 279.6 µWh cm−2 and robust folding capability (85.6% capacitance retention after 5000 folding cycles), which successfully power wearable watch and heart rate meter devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydration‐induced shape‐morphing behavior has been discovered in many natural fiber‐based materials, yet this smart behavior in regenerated fibers from biopolymers lacks investigation. Here, hierarchically structured silk fibers are developed with anisotropic long‐range molecular organization and water‐responsive effects resembling natural spider silk. The regenerated silk fibers exhibit the water‐triggered shape‐memory effect and a water‐driven cyclic response. The reversible hydrogen bonds and transformation in the metastable secondary structure from α‐helices/random coils to β‐sheets are explored as the mechanisms responsible for the water‐responsiveness. The silk fibers obtained possess a tensile strength higher than 104 MPa at a fracture strain of ≈100%, showing noticeable toughness. The water‐responsive silk fibers exhibit a shape recovery rate of ∼83% and generate a maximum actuation stress of up to 18 MPa during the water‐driven cyclic contraction that outperforms most traditional natural textile fibers. The regenerated silk fibers show potential for use in water‐driven actuators, artificial muscle, and smart fabrics based on the integration of suitable mechanical properties and water responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsically flexible photodetectors are compelling building blocks for next‐generation wearable optoelectronic systems owing to their distinctive advantages of reliable structural durability and versatile scalability for large‐scale production. However, their practical applications are still impeded by the inferior photodetection performance, irreversible device failure after breakage, and serious e‐waste accumulation after service life. Herein, a high‐performance intrinsically flexible, mechanically durable, self‐healable, closed‐loop recyclable, and screen‐printable Te NWs/MoS2 nanosheets/polyimine nanocomposite‐based photodetector are designed by engineering‐ordered‐bridged 1D/2D carrier percolation "fast lanes" in dynamic covalent polyimine matrix via a flow‐designed solution‐shearing method. Such a design provides a sixfold, 20.1‐fold, and 6.9‐fold enhancement in carrier mobility, responsivity (11.68 mA W−1), and detectivity (1.145 × 1010 Jones), respectively, as well as stable photoresponse over eight months or after 50 000 bending‐flattening times. Meanwhile, this photodetector presents excellent self‐healing efficiency and repeatable recyclability for device reconfiguration. Furthermore, these merits can be fully integrated onto textile by assembling nacre‐like Te NWs/MoS2/polyimine nanocomposite coatings on textiles via screen‐printing processes, enabling programmable patterning of photodetection arrays for large‐area image sensing. This work provides a viable approach for the design of shape‐tunable optoelectronics with reliable mechanical durability and customizable functionalities, demonstrating the tremendous potential for large‐scale applications in wearable optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textiles with a freedom of form factor, unlimited scalability, and high programmability provide an ideal platform for constructing wearable optoelectronic systems. The emerging wearable technologies, like artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, have driven the development of textile optoelectronics from simple functional blocks to sophisticated logic systems, offering a seamless, breathable, and programmable on‐body platform to synergistically sense, analyze, store, and feedback information in response to complex commands. In the past few years, the creation of such smart textile optoelectronics‐based logic systems is boosted by nanomaterial science and manufacturing integration technologies and has revolutionized human–machine interaction paradigms in numerous emerging fields. Herein, in this review, the recent progress of smart textile optoelectronics for human‐interfaced logic systems is timely summarized. This review begins with a concise discussion about the wearability evaluation and integration consideration of textile optoelectronic devices. Then, important breakthroughs in human‐interfaced logic systems based on smart textile optoelectronics are demonstrated by highlighting their representative device, working principle, and application scenarios. Finally, the existing challenges and potential directions in the field of textile optoelectronics‐integrated logic systems are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive radiative cooling without energy consumption is increasingly being explored as an eco‐friendly alternative to electric cooling for mitigating heat stress caused by global warming. Incorporating radiative cooling into personal thermal management has garnered widespread interest. However, existing sub‐ambient radiative cooling textiles face challenges related to inferior solar reflectance, poor outdoor durability, or health concerns. Here, a durable multilayer silk textile (MST) is developed that achieves excellent comprehensive performance for the first time, including both ultrahigh solar reflectance (96.5%) and ultrahigh infrared emittance (97.1%), safety, air and moisture permeability, high mechanical strength, washability, abrasion resistance, surface hydrophobicity, and UV resistance. The MST achieves a remarkable sub‐ambient temperature drop of 5.1 °C under 892.4 W m−2 of ultra‐strong solar radiation and surpasses both commercial silk and cotton textiles at noon with temperature reductions of 6.0 and 8.3 °C, respectively. For proof of concept, a hat using the MST is fabricated, which shows improved cooling performance compared to commercial hats. Considering its outstanding cooling performance, durability, zero energy consumption, abundant raw materials, and scalable production ability, it is believed that the radiative cooling MST holds great promise for practical applications in daytime personal thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Protein-Engineered Elastin Fibers as Building Blocks for The Textile-Based Assembly of Tissue Equivalents" discusses the development of protein-engineered elastin fibers with customized molecular composition and microstructure. These fibers are autoclavable and do not have any negative effects on their mechanical or biological properties. They can be used to create hierarchically organized structures through textile-based assembly, opening up new possibilities for medical textiles and long-lasting stretch fabrics. The authors of the article are Alicia Fernández-Colino, Ikram El Maachi, Alexander Loewen, Sergio Acosta, Stephan Rütten, J. Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello, Stefan Jockenhoevel. [Extracted from the article]

2D transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) show significant potential for fabricating flexible wearables due to its outstanding electroactive characteristic. However, the complex processes in rheology regulation and easy agglomeration of MXene nanosheets hinder their applications as inks for homogeneous printing and coating. Herein, an electroactive gel‐ink with a low concentration of MXene (20 mg mL−1) using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a dopant and conductive binder is developed. The dopamine‐involved modification and PEDOT:PSS doping together promote the formation of ordered lamellar structure of MXene nanosheets, and in turn the nanosheets can regulate the interconnected electronic structure of PEDOT:PSS, which enables the transition from micellar to linear structures. Through adjusting the combination ratio of dopamine‐modified MXene (MD) to PEDOT:PSS, the viscosity of MXene inks (MDP) is tunable within 1–104 Pa·s to realize scalable printing and other processing. Screen‐printing with MDP gel‐ink endows textiles with excellent conductive stability while retaining the inherent wearability of the original fabric. With high conductivity (109.6 S m−1) and low mid‐infrared emissivity (0.34), the decorated textiles exhibit remarkable multi‐protective abilities. This work provides a novel strategy for formulating versatile MXene inks that will facilitate the large‐scale fabrication of high‐performance personal wearable multi‐protective textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, multifunctional MXene‐integrated wearable textiles (MWTs) are particularly appealing due to their various applications such as health monitoring, smart protection, and medical treatment. However, scalable manufacture of durable, stable, and high‐performance multifunctional MWTs still face challenges due to the poor oxidation stability of MXene and low utilization of precursor titanium aluminum carbide (MAX). Herein, an improved preparation strategy for zinc ion (Zn2+) intercalation is proposed to create high antioxidative MXene (ZM) and exceptionally conductive and printable gel ink based on MXene sediments (ZMS‐ink), while multifunctional wearable textiles are fabricated using spray‐coating and screen‐printing techniques on cellulosic nonwoven textiles (CNWs), achieving the complete utilization of MXene precursor. Benefiting from the inherent disordered stacking and porous structure of CNWs, along with the highly conductive ZM and ZMS‐ink, as‐prepared smart, wearable and green‐based pressure sensor offered proper breathability, high sensitivity (2602.26 kPa−1), wide sensing range (0–141 kPa), and excellent cycling stability (>5000 cycles). Additionally, the sensor exhibited efficient photothermal/photodynamic therapy antibacterial activity and exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance (57.5 dB). Therefore, this work paves the way for the future development of integrated and scalable multifunctional wearable devices building on the environmental‐friendly CNWs incorporated with fully utilized MAX, offering a green and cost‐effective approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of the Internet of Things has spurred extensive research on integrating conductive materials into textiles to turn them into sensors, antennas, energy storage devices, and heaters. MXenes, owing to their high electrical conductivity and solution processability, offer an efficient way to add conductivity and electronic functions to textiles through simple dip coating. However, manual development of MXene‐coated textiles restricts their quality, quantity, and variety. Here, a versatile automated yarn dip coater tailored for producing continuously high‐quality MXene‐coated yarns and conducted the most comprehensive MXene‐yarn dip coating study to date is developed. Compared to manual methods, the automated coater provides lower resistance, superior uniformity, faster speed, and reduced MXene consumption. It also enables rapid coating parameter optimization, resulting in a thin Ti3C2 coating uniform over a 1 km length on a braided Kevlar yarn while preserving its excellent mechanical properties (over 800 MPa) and adding Joule heating and damage sensing to composites reinforced by the yarns. By dip‐coating five different yarns of varying materials, diameters, structures, and chemistries, new insights into MXene‐yarn interactions are gained. Thus, the automated dip coating presents ample opportunities for scalable integration of MXenes into a wide range of yarns for diverse functions and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Multi-Modal Modular Textile Sensor for Physical Human-Robot Interaction Using Band-Stop Filters" introduces a modular textile sensor system that can recognize human touch and measure contact force simultaneously. The sensor array consists of multiple sensor modules and only requires two wires to read all sensor outputs, thanks to band-stop filter circuits and frequency domain analysis. This sensor system can be easily attached to a robot's surface, improving its functionality and safety. The authors of the article are Jaehoon Kim, Junhyung Kim, and Yong-Lae Park. [Extracted from the article]

Achieving highly efficient self‐powered fibrous sensing systems is desirable for smart electronic textiles but remains a great challenge. Here, a bifunctional hydrogel is proposed by introducing of polyacrylic acid grafted MXene (MXene‐g‐PAA) into polyacrylamide/chitosan, achieving high‐sensitivity sensor and a stable hydrogel electrolyte of battery. The MXene‐g‐PAA flakes act as ion transport "highway", significantly enhance ionic conductivity, thereby increasing the sensitivity of sensors and facilitating Zn2+ diffusion in Zn‐ion battery (ZIB). The rich hydrogen bonding network in the hydrogel improves its mechanical properties and limits water molecule movement, thus reducing side reactions and prolonging the stability of ZIB. As a result, the fibrous sensor exhibits high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.4) with a wide detection range (0–800%), and the fibrous Zn‐ion battery exhibits high capacity (353 mAh cm−3) with long cycling stability (400 cycles). The hydrogel‐based sensor and ZIB can be easily integrated into a flexible self‐powered sensing system, which effectively detects human movement and 3D ball motion. The bifunctional hydrogel with the integrated fibrous system will shed light on the development of next‐generation smart electronic textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal thermal management textiles have garnered a lot of attention because they can efficiently preserve the body's thermal and moisture comfort while saving energy consumption. Nonetheless, conduction cooling‐based textile research is scarce and frequently encounters obstacles like overlooking through‐plane heat conduction, moisture management, and durability assurance. Here, a dual‐cooling textile (DCT) that combines high‐efficiency heat dissipation and sweat evaporation with a 3D thermal conductive network and Janus wetting structure is demonstrated. The DCT achieves notable in‐plane and through‐plane thermal conductivity (8.57 and 0.70 W m−1 K−1), along with practical mechanical qualities (tensile fracture strength of 65 MPa), under the influence of the 3D multistage thermal conduction network. Additionally, the DCT benefits from its Janus wetting structure, exhibiting unidirectional moisture‐wicking capability (transport index of 1081%) and fast water evaporation performance (0.34 g h−1). Rapid heat dissipation and sweat evaporation are advantageous features for the cooling of the human body in both static and dynamic situations. Compared to cotton fabric, DCT can lower the temperature by up to 3.7 °C. This strategy provides a fresh perspective on the development of advanced functional textiles for personalized cooling and energy savings in buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are promising candidates for creating adaptive textile‐based devices that can actively and reversibly respond to the environment for sensing and communication. Despite recent advances in scalable manufacturing of LCE filaments for textile engineering, the actuation modes of various LCE filaments focus on contractual deformations. In this study, manufacture of polydomain LCE filaments with potential scalability by wet‐spinning is studied, followed by mechanical exploitation to program liquid crystal mesogen alignments, demonstrating both contractual and twisting actuation profiles. By plying these LCE filaments into yarns with different twist concentrations, yarn actuation, and mechanical performance is tuned. Yarns plied at 4 twists per cm can generate up to a seven‐fold increase in elastic modulus while maintaining 90% of actuation strain performance from their native filament. The contractual and twisting LCE filaments are then embroidered with varying stitch types to spatially program complex 2D‐to‐3D transformations in “inactive” fabrics. It is shown that a running stitch can actuate up to 15% in strain and create angular displacements in fabric with twisted mesogen alignments. It is envisioned that the wet‐spun polydomain LCE filaments for diverse plied yarn production together with textile engineering will open new opportunities to design smart textiles and soft robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel and sustainable triboelectric material is successfully designed and developed by extracting keratin from recycled fur and combining it with chitosan to create a keratin/chitosan triboelectric nanogenerator (CK‐TENG) device. The device is designed for the simultaneous treatment of waste and the generation of green and clean energy, crucial for addressing global challenges. CK is prepared through a freeze‐drying method to overcome the weak mechanical properties of keratin and achieve a high surface contact area, which is important for triboelectric properties. The results showed that the output voltage is improved by 375% compared to the TENG without keratin, with values reaching 322 V under a 6 N. It produced a high power density of 14.4 W m−2 and excellent cyclic stability for more than 8000 cycles, which are crucial for practical applications. Further, the potential applications are also studied, and the results showed that it can turn on over 250 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), display liquid crystal display (LCD), and charge capacitors under 6 N. Moreover, it is successful in harvesting energy from waste vibrations, acoustic energy, and as a shoe, and the electrical output is utilized to power electronic devices. Furthermore, the power density harvested by the device is higher than that of TENG devices made with keratin‐rich materials. Therefore, this study paves the way for the use of keratin‐based bio‐waste materials for clean and green energy production, which can play significant roles in applications such as the charging of electronic devices, biomedicine, sensors, and smart textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar steam generation has emerged as a promising approach to address water scarcity issues globally. However, a few challenges remain, including high cost, limited scalability, and salt accumulation, before this technique can be adopted by the general population. Here, an all‐in‐one photothermal fabric is reported such as a solar steam generator (SSG), consisting of commercial hydrophilic superfine denier polypropylene fiber and water‐repellent expandable polyethylene foam, manufactured via a conventional weaving machine. By tailoring the yarn twist and density, optimized micro‐macro hierarchical channels can be created in the SSG to provide sufficient water supplementation and continuous steam generation. Due to the Marangoni effect introduced by the temperature gradient along the yarns water with high salinity transports to the bulk water, realizing a salt‐rejecting property. As a result, the SSG demonstrates a rapid evaporation rate of 1.408 kg m−2 h−1 and energy efficiency of 92.43% under 1 sun, as well as outstanding stability for desalination of high salinity brine (10 wt% NaCl). Furthermore, this strategy provides a new solution to achieve excellent cost‐effectiveness in clean water production at ≈1700 g h−1 $−1. This work provides a sustainable fabric‐based SSG for practical large‐scale clean water production, and can potentially inspire other textiles‐based water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel method to fabricate scalable photovoltaic fibers (PVFs) by leveraging crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell technology, known for its high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE), stable performance, and low cost. The c‐Si PVF is built on a flexible circuit strip as narrow as 400 µm, and c‐Si cells as small as 0.35 mm2 are surface‐mounted on the strip. The cells are diced from an interdigitated back‐contact c‐Si solar cell (≈153 cm2). A c‐Si PVF including a 1 mm2 cell reaches PCE up to 9.6% and 11.0% under simulated AM 1.5G illumination without and with encapsulation, respectively, the highest reported for c‐Si PVFs, while a 1.5 ft‐long fiber produces ≈37 mW m−1. Additionally, the PVF can tolerate bending fatigue with no sign of performance loss after 8000 bending cycles. To demonstrate practical applicability, the c‐Si PVFs are also woven into textile swatches. They deliver ≈10 mW cm−2 under a halogen lamp and successfully power a light‐emitting‐diode. This PVF technology is scalable with regards to both achieving thin fibers and its compatibility with roll‐to‐roll fabrication processes. The fiber concept presented here can also be extended to any chip‐scale surface mountable devices, enabling cell‐agnostic fiber technologies for multifunctional electronic textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber crossbars are an emerging architecture in electronic devices, and they have become the favored fundamental units for state‐of‐the‐art smart textiles. Fiber crossbar sensors with high linearity can provide more realistic pressure feedback, faster circuit response time, and simpler data processing systems. However, due to the unique crossbar structure, replicating existing linear response strategies presents challenges. To address this issue, a fiber crossbar sensor is prepared that incorporates a low modulus coupling circuit (LCFS). The hollow conductive network significantly reduces the sensor's electrode modulus, thereby enhancing its initial sensitivity. The coupling of the parallel and series circuits within the fiber crossbar maintains a linear increase in capacitance. As a result, propelled by the low modulus coupling circuit, the LCFS achieves a highly sensitive linear response. This strategy, independent of intricate microstructures in dielectric layers, has significant implications for fiber crossbar sensor design. Experimental tests and theoretical analyses confirm the effectiveness of this linear response strategy. Because of its high sensitivity and linearity, the LCFS consistently generates reliable and discernible pulse signals, unaffected by pre‐pressures. This empowers the LCFS to recognize various pulse patterns in Chinese medicine, heralding promising applications in daily health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are one of the primary directions in the development of modern high‐tech new materials, which are integrated with sensing, actuation, information processing, and autonomous deformation. Here, multifunctional shape memory polymers are focused and a detailed introduction to the characteristics of self‐deformation, self‐sensing, self‐healing, and self‐learning is provided. Integrating with other functional materials to form shape memory polymer composites (SMPC), designing and controlling the material structure and organization at the microscale, thereby achieving more precise and controllable shape memory effects and expanding the potential of material applications. Ultimately, it is shown that SMPs and their composites have a wide range of fascinating applications in the fields of robotics, smart clothing, smart textiles, biomedical devices, and wearable technology. SMPs will thus continue to play a significant role in future deeper exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsically stretchable light‐emitting polymer semiconductors are essential building blocks for bioelectronics and display textiles. Stretchability is challenging for rigid conjugated polymers unless sacrificing charge mobility by introducing amorphous domains. High‐performance light‐emitting properties designed with twisted angle are undesirable for conductive materials. Hence, the concurrent strategies hardly satisfy the balance of stretchability, light‐emitting and mobility. Herein, a morphology engineering is proposed by controlling micro‐crystalline and limiting aggregation, that four intrinsically stretchable emissive polymers with good charge mobility based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) are obtained. Polymers reveal good emission properties with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of about 20%, while stretchable modulus and charge mobility are tunable by backbone and weight. Specifically emphasizing, IDT‐2T‐H retains high performance of charge mobility and PLQY even at 100% strain. Therefore, organic light emitting diodes are fabricated based on it and showing the luminance of 176.2 cd cm−2, which verifies the potential of technique to reconcile integration of stretchability, light‐emitting, and mobility. This is the first attempt to integrate balanced mechanical, optical, and electrical properties through micro‐crystalline aggregation‐limited morphology in one polymer, offering a feasible approach to advanced integrated circuit and multi‐functional electronics in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seamlessly integrating biosensors into clothing for personalized stress level monitoring, specifically targeting cortisol, a stress‐related compound found in sweat, shows great potential for efficiently monitoring and managing individual mental and physical well‐being. Nevertheless, realizing the fabric biosensor faces a notable challenge, as it involves the persistent obstacle of ensuring reusability and washability. Here, a fabric sensing system constructed by a fiber electrode for rapid and reliable cortisol detection with high repeatability, breathability, and stability is reported. The fibers are assembled from aligned carbon nanotubes and functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymer containing redox‐active nanoreporters. Through washing with ethanol, the fabricated fabric sensor exhibits high reusability for over 100 cycles detecting cortisol. The key is the large active surface area and elaborately designed channel distance in the fiber electrode, ensuring a stable interface between the polymer and the fiber electrode. The resulting fabric sensing system presents convenient monitoring of cortisol levels, allowing assessment of stress levels to understand emotions and health condition better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabrics are crucial in addressing the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution. To meet wearable requirements, stretchability and thermal comfortability are often desired, but which still are challenging. Herein, a stretchable EMI shielding fabric is fabricated via electrospinning coupled with biaxial pre‐stretching spraying, in which a block stacking wrinkled silver nanowire (AgNW)/Ti3C2Tx MXene network is coated on one side of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fabric. As expected, the wrinkled structure protects conductive network from fracture during stretching process, so as to realize the strain‐invariant electrical conductivity. Thus, the fabric exhibits a stretchable EMI shielding performance of over 40 dB when subjected to 10–50% uniaxial strains or 21–125% biaxial strains. More importantly, the white TPU/PDMS side and the black AgNW/MXene side enable the fabric passive radiative cooling and heating, respectively. The cooling side exhibits high mid‐infrared emissivity (97.5%) and solar reflectance (90%), thus reducing the skin temperature by ≈4.9 °C. The heating side with high solar absorptivity (86.6%) and photothermal effect increased the skin temperature by ≈5 °C. Therefore, the fabirc with stretchable EMI shielding and Janus‐type dual‐mode personal passive thermal management is promising in future wearable products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For safe coexistence between robots and humans, it is important for robots to detect the presence of nearby humans as well as any physical contacts made to its body. The design of a modular textile sensor array and an algorithm for multi‐modal sensing of human touches and other contacts with their contact forces proposed. Each sensor module in the array is capable of multi‐modal sensing, and the entire array with multiple modules requires only two wires to read the outputs from all the modules using band‐stop filter circuits. The proposed sensor system shows the structural modularity, achieved by simple fabrication of sequential lamination of conductive and non‐conductive textile materials, realizing electrical connections through conductive snap buttons that connect the modules to the circuit. The functional modularity is also achieved through the compensation algorithm, derived from the analysis of the transfer function in the frequency domain. The algorithm significantly reduces signal interferences between modules. The multi‐modality, the textile‐based design, and the structural and functional modularity of the proposed system enable practical applications to various robotic systems, including robotic skin for a collaborative robot, a wearable sensor, a robot hand sensor, and a human–computer interface, as demonstrated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a distributed environmental energy harvesting device, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) inevitably encounter different and extreme application scenarios, such as environment with high temperature, high humidity, corrosion condition, frequent mechanical stimulus, and physical damages, which resulting in triboelectric performance degradation either by damaging device structure or reducing surface potential, and accelerating dissipation of surface bound charge. Therefore, tremendous efforts are dedicated to improving the TENG performance, enabling devices are competent in sustaining various challenging conditions. This review summarizes and highlights the latest research progress of strategy to achieve TENGs with high environmental adaptivity in three representative application fields of interfacial devices, wearable devices and implantable devices, aiming to gain insights in terms of material selection, structural design, preparation technology, working mode and integration strategy. The future development of the TENG would transform from static to dynamic device that possesses multifunction, high stability, autonomous response and actuation ability to adapt complex application environment. It is hoped that this review article could steer the development of environment‐adaptive TENGs to a higher level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of eco‐friendly electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials with multifunctional capabilities has garnered significant attention in practical applications. However, achieving these desired qualities simultaneously poses a significant challenge. This study introduces a single‐step calcination and chemical polymerization process to obtain an environmentally friendly ant‐nest‐inspired hybrid composite by optimizing conductive polypyrrole nanotubes (PNTs) within a 3D carbonaceous structure. The biomimetic composite forms a highly efficient conductive network, providing a pathway for free electrons within the carbonaceous barriers and enhancing the conduction loss. Remarkably, the EMWA performance of the composite achieves ultrathin (1.6 mm), wide effective absorption band (5.4 GHz), and strong absorption intensity (−67.6 dB) features. Moreover, due to the complex and intertwined 3D continuous network, the obtained samples exhibit excellent thermal insulation and superhydrophobic behavior by inhibiting heat transfer and preventing localized areas from being prone to water absorption. These findings not only offer a sustainable and low‐cost production route for biomimetic carbonaceous composites but also demonstrate a high‐efficiency absorber with great multifunctionality as a green alternative to traditional EMWA materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium trioxide (V2O3) has emerged as one of the promising candidates for fiber‐shaped supercapacitors. However, irreversible redox behavior during prolonged cycling process has been commonly reported due to the intrinsically distorted VO6 octahedron in V2O3, which inevitably compromises its electrochemical capacitance. Herein, a strategy to simultaneously mitigate the distortion in VO6 octahedron and optimization of electronic structure in V2O3 is proposed by studying a Mo‐doped V2O3 modified stainless steel wire (Mo‐V2O3@SSW). The introduction of Mo dopants effectively tunes the V–O local environment, resulting in a substantial alleviation of the distortion in VO6 octahedron. The as‐prepared Mo‐V2O3 with a more regular VO6 octahedron exhibits highly reversible redox behavior, with negligible structural change after 10 000 cycles. Moreover, it is found that doping Mo into V2O3 leads to V 3d band broadening, which generates more electronic states around Fermi level, thereby significantly accelerating the electron transfer during redox processes. Consequently, Mo‐V2O3@SSW attains a capacitance of 774.4 mF cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2, with a capacitance retention of 85.49% after 10 000 cycles. And the integration of Mo‐V2O3@SSW supercapacitors, further showcases its strong applicability in wearable technologies. The comprehensive understanding of the structural–activity/stability relationship in this study offers a novel paradigm for developing flexible high‐performing supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn‐ion capacitors (ZICs) assembled from cathodes with diffusion‐controlled behaviors and capacitive anodes have attracted increasing interest thanks to their satisfactory and balanced energy and power densities. However, currently, only two cathode materials of this type, MnO2 and V2O5, are applied to ZICs. MnSe is increasingly being reported to exhibit diffusion‐controlled characteristics in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, yet its insufficient interlayer spacing and unstable structure lead to poor energy storage capacity. Herein, ZnxMn1‐xSe microflowers with nanosheets can be in situ pre‐intercalated with Zn ions to enlarge and stabilize the interlayer spacing of hierarchical porous structure, demonstrating to be a superior cathode for ZICs. During the charging/discharging process of Zn0.14Mn0.86Se electrode, a redox couple at ≈0.6/0.3 V on cyclic voltammetry profile, and a potential plateau appearing at ≈0.2 V on discharge curve is detected, corresponding to the insertion/extraction of Zn ions. Thus, a long discharge time realizes on the discharge curve of flexible ZIC assembled from polyacrylamide gel electrolyte and activated carbon anode, achieving a superb areal capacitance of 2,038.2 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. This work offers an exemplary effort to unlock fresh cathodes for ZICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biomaterial from silk, which has outstanding biocompatibility. However, regeneration SF materials usually suffer from brittleness, which restricts their applications. Here, a novel supramolecular co‐assembly strategy is reported for the preparation of a Bolas‐shaped polyethylene glycol peptide (BPP)/SF film, where the peptide and SF form a robust payload co‐assembled network and polyethylene glycol (PEG) fragments form supramolecular cross‐linking in this network. The obtained BPP/SF film shows both high stress (27.8 MPa), high toughness (3.64 MJ m−3), high transparency (89%), and high mid‐infrared (MIR) emissivity (90.5%). In passive radiative cooling, the BPP/SF film results in a 2.7 °C reduction in the temperature of the human arm skin and a 14.6 °C reduction in the temperature of the solar cell. More importantly, this novel BPP co‐assembly SF material can be recycled and reused while maintaining its original mechanical strength. This work provides a novel strategy for fabricating regenerative SF materials with ultra‐strong and ultra‐tough mechanical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native tissues feature unique hierarchical designs, in which fiber units are arranged from the bottom up in anisotropic patterns. The processing of biomaterials into fibers, followed by their textile‐like assembly into complex patterns, is therefore a promising avenue to engineer native‐like tissue replacements. Here it is shown for the first time the fabrication of meter‐long hydrogel fibers prepared from engineered elastin using a microinjection system and exploiting the catalyst‐free click chemistry. Given their similarity to native elastin, the fabricated elastin‐like fibers achieved excellent stretching (500%) and recoiling performance. Moreover, the fabrication scheme is compatible with the implementation of a salt‐leaching gas‐foaming approach, resulting in highly porous elastin‐like fibers (the first of their kind). From the translation perspective, the fibers can be autoclaved, which allows for sterilization and long‐term storage. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on autoclaved fibers produced a confluent endothelial layer lining the fiber surface, in which the cells became aligned in response to physiological fiber stretching. It is also shown that these functional fibers can be assembled by weaving, braiding and knitting, with various spatial patterns. Overall, the elastin‐like fibers can be used as building blocks for the reconstruction of functional tissues using the principles of textile technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separators used in lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries play a crucial role in their cycling performance and safety. Current commercial separators lack the ability to efficiently regulate polysulfide shuttling and are prone to thermal runaway at high temperatures. Recent studies have shown that multifunctional separators can boost the electrochemical performance and safety of Li–S batteries. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for modifying separators due to their large specific surface areas and highly ordered tunable nanopores. Herein, this review focuses on the advancements in developing MOFs, their derivatives, and MOFs‐based composites as separator coatings to address the shortcomings of Li–S batteries. The mechanisms behind these modified separators, designed to inhibit lithium polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite growth, are discussed, emphasizing the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance. The impact of these modified separator coatings on battery safety is also explored, aiming to design suitable composite films for high‐safety Li–S batteries. Furthermore, future perspectives are outlined to guide practical applications and overcome the remaining challenges associated with MOFs‐modified separators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing non‐radiative energy loss (∆Enr) is critical for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). To achieve this, a small molecular donor, LJ1, is introduced as the third component in the host system D: A system (D18: BTP‐eC9‐4F). The cascade‐like energy level alignment of D18, LJ1, and BTP‐eC9‐4F facilitates efficient charge transfer. LJ1's good solubility in the processing solvent and high miscibility with BTP‐eC9‐4F delay the precipitation of BTP‐eC9‐4F, leading to improved phase morphology in blend films. Additionally, LJ1 increases spacing between the polymer donor (PD) and the small molecule acceptor (SMA), optimizing blend film morphology and reducing non‐radiative energy loss in OSCs. Ternary OSCs based on D18:LJ1:BTP‐eC9‐4F achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.43% with reduced ∆Enr. Notably, the ternary device using D18:LJ1:L8‐BO attains an outstanding PCE of 19.78%, which is one of the highest device efficiency for ternary OSC. The work highlights the effectiveness of the ternary blend strategy in enhancing OSC performance while minimizing ∆Enr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of wearable electronics requires energy storage devices capable of withstanding both static and dynamic deformations. The versatility of textile supercapacitors renders them promising candidates, but their low electrochemical performance especially under mechanical deformation, poses many limitations for practical use. In this study, MXene‐based textile supercapacitors are designed and fabricated using hierarchical spacer fabrics as the skeleton to provide robust mechanical support and stable performance. Ti3C2Tx MXene is adopted as the current collector and active material for the spacer fabric supercapacitor, resulting in an impressive areal capacitance of 415 mF cm−2 with a MXene loading of 4.2 mg cm−2. Remarkable stability and durability are achieved in the form of three‐dimensional (3D) textile supercapacitors, even under both static and dynamic deformations. The compressive behaviors of these supercapacitors can be easily adjusted (e.g., from 10 to 168 KPa at 50% compression) by altering the spacer fabric structure, demonstrating their energy‐absorption (damping of kinetic energy) capability and their potential to meet the requirements of various wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging mechanically active wound dressing has been perceived as one of the most effective strategies to accelerate wound closure in a non‐invasive manner. However, the development of wound dressing with body temperature‐stimulated shrinkage behavior and superior mechanical capability is still a severe challenge. Here, a thermal‐shrinkable, stretchable, and tough fibrous tape is developed via the construction of “stiff‐elastic” binary component, as well as manipulation of the fiber stretching and phase separation. The resultant polyurethane (PU)/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) fibrous membrane (FM) shows a rapid and considerable shrinkage of 70.0% after exposure at 37 °C for 12 h. The shrunk PU/PVB FMs exhibit excellent mechanical performance including high elongation of 364.4%, large toughness of 26.6 MJ m−3 and rapid thermal‐recoverable capability with 80.4% and 71.8% restoration of stress and dissipated energy respectively. The in vivo study in rat full‐thickness skin model with 2 cm‐diameter circular wounds demonstrates that the thermal‐shrinkable PU/PVB FMs can enhance wound contraction and healing. Furthermore, the ex vivo rabbit organ model indicates the possibility of thermal‐shrinkable PU/PVB FMs in defect contraction of diverse tissues. This work may offer a promising way in the development of body temperature‐triggered mechanically active fibrous dressings for defects repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomaterials capable of continuously inactivating pathogens are essential for suppressing transmission of infectious diseases, such as epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Here, capillary condensation of air moisture within nano‐confined spaces between superhydrophilic rigid nanorods is shown and target microbiology spontaneously stretch and inactivate aerosolized microorganisms. Specifically, the negative Gaussian curvature‐shaped water condensate causes fluidic straining, comprising surface tension and Laplace pressure, strong enough to deform and eliminate the selected bacteria. Plate counting quantifies the sharply reduced contact‐killing period for superhydrophilic and bare nanorods (6 vs 100 min for E. coli, 20 vs 120 min for S. aureus) under relative humidity of 70%. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies indicate increased mechanical straining and mechano‐bactericidal by improving air moisture content. To further illustrate utility, long‐term antibacterial medical masks are fabricated by integrating such nanorods onto commercial fabrics. Collectively, these findings highlight the immense potential of capillary condensation‐induced fluidic straining as an eco‐friendly, broad‐spectrum, and highly efficient antibacterial strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial solar‐vapor generation (ISVG) is an emerging technology for water purification. However, high cost, low evaporation rate, clogging issues, and limited solar utilization under natural condictions greatly hinder its practical application. Herein, inspired by the aligned microstructure of dragonfly wings, a 3D microarray structure composed of vertically aligned hierarchical and hydrophilic carbon fibers (CFs) is constructed using a scalable fiber manufacturing technology. The microarray structure of the high‐thermal‐conductivity CFs with nanocapillaries contributes to the fast mass (steam and salt ions) and heat transfer as well as high omnidirectional light absorption. More importantly, due to the strong multiscale capillary effect, the formed 3D water evaporation surface containing abundant micro‐meniscuses and nanoscale thin water layers in the CFs arrays effectively reduces the evaporation enthalpy and creates more water/air interfaces, leading to the significant increasing evaporation rate. As a result, a high evaporation rate of 2.21 kg m−2 h−1 under one‐sun irradiation can be achieved. Moreover, the off‐grid water treatment device assembled with multiple 3D CFs‐based customized spherical evaporators can obtain a high pure water collection of 10.71 kg m−2 per day without salt accumulation under real environmental conditions. This work demonstrates a high‐efficiency, cost‐effective, and scalable strategy for high‐performance ISVG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of spontaneous and persistent energy generation from omnipresent atmospheric moisture presents an alluring prospect in the realm of next‐generation energy sources. Here, an ultra‐durable and all‐weather energy generator (UAEG) predicated on interface‐induced proton migration derived from enhanced proton dissociation by charge transfer and ion occupation is reported, which reduces the diffusion barrier of protons in chromatogram‐like mass transfer by avoiding the rebinding of dissociated protons with charged polyelectrolyte chains, thus leading to efficient and continuous proton migration through heterogeneously hygroscopic interface and delivering ultra‐durable direct‐current output. Deep insight into underlying mechanisms is demonstrated by theoretical calculations and in situ investigations toward molecular interactions and charge distribution. A UAEG unit with 4 cm2 in size can generate an impressive electric output (0.88 V and 37.58 µA) across extensive relative humidity (10–90%) and ambient temperature (−30–50 ˚C), capable of generating energy in all‐weather conditions (e.g., sunny, cloudy, overcast, and rainy) regardless of day and night. Importantly, it is the first time that a commercial electronic is continuously driven for over 200 days in all‐weather conditions just depending on ambient moisture. This work provides a novel perspective for the development of ultra‐durable and all‐weather moisture‐enabled energy generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cermet has broad applications in electronics, but achieving stable ceramic‐metal contact has always been a challenge, particularly at hot temperature and large deformation conditions, due to the significant differences in thermal expansion coefficient and stiffness of ceramics and metals. Here, stress matching and strong interphase bonding at the heterogenous ceramic‐metal contact are realized by using flexible ceramics, leading to stable applications in flexible fire‐resistant pressure tactile sensors. Cu/Au nanolayers are deposited first onto the toughened flexible SiO2 nanofibers with a chemical plating method to form sensitive interdigital electrode sensors, then use an in situ thermal reaction strategy to form conformal and interlocked Au3Cu and CuSiO3 interphases, which enhance the mechanical thermal stability of the ceramic‐metal contact. With deep learning technique, the as‐fabricated intelligent pressure tactile gloves can accurately recognize the human body parts in low‐visible burning environments and show a long‐term stability over 1000 cycles with a high sensitivity of 112.18 kPa−1, which is important for developing intelligent firefighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interfacial design of the electronic skins (E‐skins), which are increasingly crucial in areas like exercise monitoring, healthcare, etc., has a great impact on wearability and functions. The adhesion between E‐skin and human skin serves as the foundation for various functionalities. In addition to robust adhesion strength, detaching‐on‐demand, and waterproof abilities are also important for long‐time wearing and comfort detachment after use. Here, self‐adhesive, detach‐on‐demand, and waterproof hydrophobic E‐skins (PBIA) by copolymerization of acrylates with conductive ionic liquid and adhesive components as the strain sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is developed. The strong van der Waals self‐adhesion (shear adhesion of ≈574 kPa, peeling adhesion of ≈110 N m−1), and waterproof abilities under immersing, flushing, and penetrating situations enable the E‐skin to realize stable and long‐time monitoring for body motions in both the resistance sensing and TENG modes. Meanwhile, the easy detach‐on‐demand ability of van der Waals adhesion (574 to 35 kPa and 110 to 7 N m−1) guarantees the easy and comfortable detachment of PBIA after use, avoiding pain or injury to the skin. The adhesion strategy of PBIA can be expanded to other kinds of E‐skins and accelerate the pace of practical applications of E‐skins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent electrical and fluidic properties render liquid metal (LM) a promising material for flexible electronics, soft robotics, and stretchable circuits. Although producing LM micro/nano droplets by nanometerization addresses the tricky issue of the processing result from high surface tension, it still remains challenging to obtain stable LM droplets because of their dynamic surfaces. In this study, LM powders wrapped with robust shells are fabricated by bimetallic ions chelation strategy. During sonicating LM (e.g., EGaIn) in an alginate solution, a microgel shell is first formed by the coordination of Ga3+ and carboxyl groups. Subsequently, LM powders are achieved by introducing Ca2+ as secondary metal ions to chelate with redundant carboxyl groups. Besides high chemical stability in water and air, these nonstick LM powders also exhibit superior photothermal effects for energy harvesting, being capable of recovering electrical conductivity by mechanical sintering for flexible electronics. These conductive circuits based on LM powders not only work as electro‐thermal heaters, and electromagnetic interference shielding material but also can be designed as smart actuators. Thus, this bimetallic ions chelation strategy may start a pathway to produce stable, transportable LM powders with multifunctional properties, applicable in stretchable electronics, smart actuators, and electric skins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion thorugh photocatalytic technology has garnered significant attention due to its potential for clean hydrogen pro duction, pollutant degradation, and carbon dioxide reduction. However, its relatively low solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency hinders its industrial development. External fields have currently emerged as a supplementary energy source to augment the overall catalytic efficiency. Recently, the photocatalytic performance has been considerably enhanced through magnetic field modulation, which promotes the separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers. This article systematically reviews the recent research progress of magnetic field–assisted photocatalysis, discussing phenomena such as the negative magnetoresistance effect, Lorentz force, and spin polarization. It comprehensively analyzes the effect of magnetic fields on critical processes in photocatalysis: light absorption, charge‐carrier separation, and surface reactions. In particular, this review focuses on the spin‐relaxation mechanism, explains how the electron lifetime is extended through spin polarization, and proposes design strategies for spin‐polarized materials. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and potential opportunities for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. The ultimate objective of this review is to offer notable theoretical and experimental insights that can guide the design and development of high‐performance photocatalysts and photocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging moist‐electric generation that can harvest energy from the atmosphere moisture to power the next‐generation wearable electronics has attracted great attention recently. However, currently developed moist‐electric generators (MEGs) are hard to be fully stretchable owing to the lack of essential material properties and the restriction of the device construction. Here, stretchable hygroscopic ionic hydrogel and carbon black‐coated cotton knitted fabric are employed with a pair of symmetric Cu electrodes on top and bottom to fabricate a fully stretchable moist‐electric generator (FSMEG). The prepared FSMEG simultaneously achieves outstanding stretchability of 400%, sustained short‐circuit current of 50 µA, and open‐circuit voltage of 0.3 V, demonstrating superior comprehensive performances among current MEGs. The remarkable performances of FSMEG can be ascribed to the decreased crystallinity of ionic hydrogel and the synergistic effect of water evaporation force and redox reaction on electrodes. Of great importance is that large‐scale integration of FSMEG units is capable of driving electronics including calculators, light‐emitting‐diodes, and even cell phones. Beyond power generation, FSMEG also successfully exhibits practical application in self‐powered pressure sensing and weight identification. The optimal properties and design concepts of FSMEG provide new insight for designing next‐generation high‐performance hydroelectric harvesting devices with wide applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

{110} textured Li metal electrode shows superior cycle performance when compared to its counterparts with other crystallographic textures or no texture. However, at high rates it suffers from a shortened cycle life that becomes significant with large cycling capacities – a common problem for most alkaline metal electrodes. In the present work, the morphological and structural evolution of the texture‐dependent Li electrodes cycled at different current densities is investigated and discovered that the cycling current density affected both the morphological and the crystallographic texture evolution of Li {110} metal electrode. In particular, loss of {110} texture at increased current densities accelerated the morphological deterioration of Li, leading to roughened Li plating and loose Li packing, and thus promoting the undesired consumption of Li and electrolyte. Thereafter a low‐rate‐healing strategy that significantly elongated the cycle life of Li metal electrode cycled at high rates is proposed. By adopting the healing strategy, a Li||Li symmetrical cell cycled at 10 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 10 mAh cm−2(with a 50% depth of discharge) can last for >800 runs, and a Li||LFP full cell can run for >300 cycles at 5 C with virtually no capacity degradation compared to the first cycle after activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of high performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly dependent on efficient exciton dissociation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the exciton dissociation process under photoexcitation in OSCs remains elusive. Herein, a prototypical system of PM6:Y6 is adopted to explore the exciton dissociation process. An organic semiconductor PCz with distinctive photoexcitation signals from PM6 and Y6 is incorporated as the third component. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates clear cascade charge transfer processes in ternary PM6:PCz:Y6 system. These cascade channels contribute to enhancing the efficiency of exciton dissociation. Consequently, the nonradiative recombination energy loss is reduced, resulting in an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Furthermore, the reduction of energy loss is verified in different OSCs. When PCz is introduced into the D18:L8‐BO system, a low nonradiative recombination energy loss of 0.175 eV is demonstrated, contributing a PCE of over 19%. This work highlights that the insight of efficient exciton dissociation enables low nonradiative recombination losses for efficient OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red phosphorus (RP) is an emerging visible‐light‐responsive photocatalyst, yet the rapid charge recombination has limited photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. In this work, a Z‐scheme heterostructure with RP nanolayer coated on high‐index (116) faceted anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2@RP) is designed and fabricated via chemical vapor deposition. Compared with pristine TiO2 and RP, the optimized TiO2@RP Z‐scheme heterostructure exhibits a significantly boosted photocatalytic activity for pure water splitting, with hydrogen evolution rate reaching 12.9 µmol·h−1, under simulated solar light irradiation. The strong interfacial interaction and staggered band alignment between (116) faceted TiO2 and RP result in the formation of built‐in electric field, which can drive the directional charge migration from the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 to the valance band (VB) of RP under light irradiation, with photoelectrons and holes of high redox ability maintained at the CB of RP and the VB of TiO2, respectively. This well‐designed heterostructure greatly promotes photogenerated charge separation and migration via a direct Z‐scheme charge transfer pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart wound dressings capable of detecting, monitoring, and regulating complicated dynamic healing processes hold tremendous potential in wound healing and tissue reconstruction. Micro/nanofiber‐based materials are regarded as one of the most promising candidates to develop smart wound dressings owing to their remarkable features including architectural mimicry of extracellular matrix, tunability in structural assembly, and diversity in functionality. Herein, the latest progress of smart micro/nanoscale fiber‐based materials in terms of composition engineering, structural design, and applications in wound management is comprehensively reviewed. This work begins with the advances in smart fibers including stimuli‐responsive fibers, shape memory fibers, and conductive fibers. Then, the structural design of fiber‐based materials from conventional 2D fibrous membrane to emerging 3D fibrous sponge/hydrogel is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the applications of smart micro/nanofibrous materials as wound dressings in stimuli‐responsive drug delivery, biomechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, and wound monitoring are highlighted. Finally, the article offers perspectives on the existing challenges and future directions of smart fibrous materials for wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]