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Autophagy Processes and Mechanisms details the process of autophagy and its significance in diseases and aging. It provides insights into autophagy mechanisms and processes to broaden our understanding. By collecting recent progress on several aspects of the autophagy process, it provides a more integrative perspective and serves as a resource that can influence future research initiatives in the field. This new book is appropriate for basic and applied researchers in cell biology, biologists and those working in the pharmaceutical sciences. - Includes cutting-edge knowledge on autophagy processes as well as methodologies of research - Integrates knowledge from the perspectives of basic biological science, bioinformatics, clinical research and the pharmaceutical sciences - Provides an educational resource for students and investigators with an interest in autophagy, but who are not currently working in the field

Advances in Diagnostics and Immunotherapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders and highlights cutting-edge diagnostic methods and innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. This comprehensive book addresses several key themes crucial to understanding and combating these debilitating conditions with an updated understanding of neurodegenerative disorders and a review of the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies.Key ThemesNeuroinflammation: examines the complex molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammatory responses and their impact on disease dynamics.Gut-Brain Axis: A thorough discussion on the relationship between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative processes is presented.Advanced Diagnostics: A state-of-the-art review of diagnostic techniques provides updates on advanced neuroimaging modalities, cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis, and genetic testing.Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia: Covers the emerging field of epigenetic modifications and their role in modulating microglial activation and function.Immunotherapeutics: Learn about the potential of monoclonal antibodies, immune modulators, and repurposed drug therapies in slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students in the fields of molecular biology, neuroimmunology, and clinical neurology.

The Cell Biology textbook covers the fundamental principles and concepts of cellular biology. The book explores the structure, function, and organization of cells, as well as the mechanisms of cell division, differentiation, and communication. It also covers the molecular biology of cells, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation. This book is an invaluable resource for understanding the complexities of cellular biology.

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations is a comprehensive volume on the field of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) as well as its associated comorbidities. Covering clinical manifestations as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms, this book discusses available macaque and rodent animal models of HAND, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways underlying symptoms. Chapters also cover prevention and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnosis and biomarkers associated with disease outcomes. This volume is appropriate for basic research and clinical investigators working in the area of HIV-1 infection. - Provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical manifestations of HAND and its comorbidities - Includes detailed assessments of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND symptoms - Examines animal models for studying HAND, including macaque and rodent models - Presents insights into epigenetic regulation and signaling pathways implicated in HAND - Covers prevention, therapeutic strategies, and diagnostic approaches

Autophagy is a catabolic process that eliminates damaged and faulty cellular components via lysosomes. It responds to adverse circumstances like nutritional deficiency, hypoxia, and oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress, which is a multidimensional chemical that drives various pathophysiological diseases, including cancer. In addition, the autophagy process has a double role, first preventing tumour formation, but later fostering tumour progression. A growing body of research suggests that autophagy and ROS have a complex interplay in which they can either prevent cancer growth or enhance disease genesis. While a combination of autophagy inhibitor and cytotoxic medicines is now being used in cancer treatment, investigating the potential of autophagy inhibitors for overcoming resistance to different anticancer medications and how this relates to the control of cancer micro environmental stressors raises several questions. Autophagy's dual functions as a safeguarding and cytotoxic process have drawn attention to its significance in the development of cancer.

This volume provides in depth reviews of the protein targeting translocation processes, gene transfer processes and genome reduction processes in the host and in the endosymbiont which were likely utilized during the evolution of an endosymbiont into mitochondria, mitochondria related organelles, simple and complex chloroplasts. These reviews cover both the current understanding of the host processes as well as the evolutionary outcomes used by these organelles for protein targeting and translocation. Reviews of the current knowledge of these topics are plentiful but scattered throughout the bacterial, parasite, plant and animal literature; here, reviews of current knowledge with evolutionary outcomes and future perspectives, written by leading researchers in their respective areas, are united into one comprehensive volume, essential for students and scientists interested in or working onsubcellular protein localization, protein targeting signals, translocation of proteins across and insertion into membranes, nucleic acid transfer between genomes, genome reduction and evolution of mitochondria and chloroplast.

General Biology is a comprehensive text that covers the fundamental principles of biology. It explores various topics including cell biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, and biodiversity. The book is written to provide students with a thorough understanding of the principles that underpin life on Earth. It is an essential resource for anyone looking to develop a strong foundation in the field of biology.

Transglutaminase: Fundamentals and Applications, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology series, stands as a comprehensive resource on this increasingly important class of enzymes. Following an introduction to the field from the Editors, international experts discuss basic biology and structure – function relationships of transglutaminases, ongoing fundamental research, as well as new application areas, including food processing, material synthesis, biomedicine and disease treatment, and biotechnology. Approaches for sourcing transglutaminases from animals, plants, and microorganisms are considered in-depth, followed by chapters on applied uses in biomedicine, skin and bone biology and medicine, drug development, tissue engineering, seafood bioprocessing, dairy bioprocessing, synthesis of materials and polymers, and as an immobilization agent. Research protocols are also provided, including research rationale, design, substrates, assays and microassay steps for studying transglutaminases. - Brings together basic knowledge and applied research on transglutaminase biology - Considers a range of application areas, from biomedicine to drug development, tissue engineering, food processing, and materials synthesis - Includes instructive protocols for basic and applied transglutaminase research - Features chapter contributions from global leading experts in the field, across disciplines and applications

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a clinical trial of movement disorder, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. Huntington's Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Implications for Therapeutics, reviews the most up-do-date content on HD pathogenic mechanisms and cutting-edge testing of therapeutic strategies for HD. Chapters explore areas such as, normal huntingtin biology in brain development and function, genetic modifiers of HD in patients, molecular pathogenic mechanism in HD, and mechanisms underlying selective neuronal vulnerability - Reviews the clinical course and genetics of HD - Reviews the biology of human huntingtin and HD-relevant cell types - Reviews the wide range of pathobiology associated with mutant huntingtin - Reviews genetic studies of HD and how these studies are informing the development of new therapeutic approaches - Reviews new tools and model systems for basic and translational research in HD, including new human-derived model systems, as well as systems biology and artificial intelligence–driven approaches - Provides an overview of new therapeutic approaches and current clinical programs in HD

Mitochondrial Transplantation and Transfer: Biology, Methods, Applications, and Disease, a volume in the Translational and Applied Bioenergetics series, offers a detailed overview of mitochondrial transplantation across fundamental biology, disease and early therapeutics research. Here, more than twenty experts in the field discuss transplantation and transfer of healthy mitochondria and define future steps to improve new therapeutic applications across a variety of diseases. Emphasis is placed on the physiology of mitochondrial transfer, isolation processes and their applications, transfer methods, and diagnostic and treatment use across cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases, among other disease types. Step-by-step instruction is provided around research protocols and methods discussed, along with careful attention to the ethical implications of mitochondrial transplantation research and application. - Provides an in-depth discussion of mitochondrial transplantation, considering fundamental biology, disease implications, research methods and applications - Discusses recent advances in the field and their meaning for future research and clinical utility - Considers ethical dimensions of mitochondrial transplantation research and use in therapeutics - Examines mitochondrial transplantation across a range of disease types, from neurological to cardiovascular disease and ischemia

Cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), although a minor phospholipid, is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide. Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signalling molecules and major regulators of protein function. Studies on these important lipids have traditionally focused on the effect of each lipid individually. Accumulating evidence indicates, however, that these lipids may cross-regulate each other's levels. Furthermore, it is becoming evident that cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 can act together to modulate protein function and biological processes. This book provides an overview of cellular functions and molecular mechanisms in which cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 functions extend from parallel existence to crosstalk. It includes four sections. The first section introduces the reader to cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2. The second section demonstrates the mutual influence of these two critical lipids on their levels. The third section, divided into two parts, describes the co-modulation of protein function by cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2. The first part focuses on ion channels and the second - on lipid transfer proteins. The fourth section highlights other cellular processes at the intersection of cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 involvement. Collectively, the book portrays the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a broad array of biological systems and processes. The book will be of interest to a wide audience of research scientists with an interest in the biophysical properties of lipids and the physiological consequences of their presence in biological systems, as well as graduate students, postdoctoral trainees, basic and clinical researchers, and pharmaceutical scientists. Specifically, the content will be relevant to researchers in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biophysics, pharmacology, neurobiology, cardiovascular biology, among others.Provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the interplay between cholesterol and PI(4,5) P2Provides an overview of the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in biological systems and processesDiscusses cellular processes and molecular mechanisms where lipid functions extend from parallel existence to crosstalk

Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, Second Edition, a Six Volume Set, has established itself as a fundamental reference work, providing broad coverage of the field in four main sections (Molecular, Organizational, Functional, Translational and Pathological Aspects of Cell Biology). This second edition revisits and expands each section, with entries on topics not covered in the first edition, including Crispr. The whole work is updated, providing greater coverage of specialized cell function and translational applications, and putting greater emphasis on these topics in graduate/medical teaching. New overview chapters and subsections provide a simplified cell biology text that can be used by instructors. The new version includes a standard template for each chapter, making the content easier to navigate, as well as inserts and graphics which provide summaries of key points in each chapter. - Provides the authority of a team of outstanding scientists in the field - Presents a comprehensive, up-to-date resource, covering both basic and translational aspects of cell biology - Offers high quality content at a competitive market price

Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry III, a ten-volume reference work, is intended to cover fundamental principles, recent discoveries, and significant applications of elements and their compounds. Authored by renowned experts in the field and edited by a world-class editorial board, each chapter provides a thorough and in-depth overview of the topic covered, featuring resources which will be useful to students, researchers, faculty as well as those in the industry. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry III focuses on main group chemistry, biological inorganic chemistry, solid state and materials chemistry, catalysis, and new developments in electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as NMR and diffraction methods for studying inorganic compounds. The work expands on our 2013 work Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II while also adding new volumes on cutting-edge research areas and techniques for studying inorganic compounds. Researchers seeking background information on a specific problem involving the synthesis of inorganic compounds, as well as applications for numerous elements from the periodic table, and their compounds, will be able to rely on and refer to this authoritative scientific resource time and again. This new work complements Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry III (2021) and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry IV (2022), constituting a formidable trio of reference resources covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Presents a comprehensive review of fundamental principles, recent discoveries and important applications of elements and their compounds, offering readers a ‘one-stop', comprehensive resource for access to a wealth of information to fully support their research and activities in this area Provides an excellent overview of the field that is an ideal resource for researchers and professionals Includes interdisciplinary chapters written by experts from around the world in the fields of chemistry, crystallography, materials science, optics, physics, and biochemistry

Written by expert contributors, this much-needed book emphasizes a quantitative and comprehensive perspective to explore the many dimensions of cellular Ca2+ signalling. Leading researchers in the field of calcium signaling present key aspects of this process in cells, starting with Ca2+ entry into the cell, its uptake from the cytosol by organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the actions of Ca2+ in turn on a variety of important cellular regulatory processes. This research and reference text should prove useful to a wide readership, from students to researchers at many different levels, particularly in physiology, pharmacology, or biomedical engineering. Key Features: Places a strong emphasis on Quantitative BiophysicsActs as a unique resource for state-or-the-art methods to study Ca2+ signalsIncludes emerging perspectives that link mechanistic insights to pathophysiological aspects of Ca2+ signallingDiscusses a historical perspective on the development of key ideas in the field

This book provides a comprehensive collection of more than 50 inherited metabolic lysosomal disorders which aims to provide the most up to date literature sources oriented toward improving our understanding of rare diseases to meet the diverse needs of scientists, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other health care professionals with an interest in serving patients with diseases such as Gaucher, Fabry, Pompe, and others. The book is divided into 24 chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction about LSDs, a group of rare diseases due to deficiency in lysosomal enzymes, membrane transporters or other proteins involved in lysosomal biology. Chapter 1 discussed the function of lysosomes, methods to differentiate lysosome dysfunctions, and current therapeutic approaches including Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation (HSCT), Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT), Substrate Reduction Therapy (SRT), Pharmacologic Chaperone Therapy (PCT), and Gene Therapy. Chapter 1 provides a list of different LSDs based on their name, clinical name, gene being affected, enzyme or protein deficiency, primary storage accumulation, and major organs being affected. From Chapter 2 to Chapter 24, information about the diseases, characteristics, diagnosis, pathophysiology of the disease, current and future treatment options from reputable books, journals, monographs, clinical trials, and other resources were used to provide up-to-date medical information on these devastating diseases. New drugs in the pipeline such as Gene Therapy or Gene Editing Therapy, if applicable, are also discussed in the book. Within the last 20 years, the FDA has designated more than 100 compounds as Orphan Drugs to treat LSD, although not all drugs make it into clinical trials. This is an exciting time for us to learn about these rare metabolic disorders as more information has become available.

This book sheds light on how dysregulated organelle functions contribute to the pathology and progression of human diseases. To offer a broad perspective, they discuss basic, translational, and clinical aspects across scales, from molecules to cells, tissues and organisms. Rather than providing a comprehensive introduction to the field, the authors focus on recent advances in organelle research, with each chapter inviting readers to consider today's key questions in the respective field.This book reviews the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Appartus, Lysosomes and other membrane-enclosed organelles, demonstrating how their dysregulated function contributes to various pathologies. The chapters not only offer a platform for new perspectives but also stimulate further investigations. Given the translational nature of this subject, this book is a valuable resource for physiologists and clinicians alike.Chapter'Lipid Droplets in Cancer'is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book covers the molecular structures and the cellular and in vivo function of endosomes and lysosomes, i.e. intracellular vesicles which are involved in many cellular processes such as endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, degradation of material from inside (e.g. autophagy) and outside the cell as well as exocytosis. Membranes of endolysosomal organelles contain an amazing number and diversity of ion channels. These ion channels are the topic of the present book that focusses on describing the structure, the biophysical properties, physiological functions of endolysosomal ion channels at the molecular, cellular and in vivo level.

Agricultural biocatalysis is of immense scientific interest nowadays owing to its increasing importance in the efforts for more sustainable agriculture while optimizing environmental impacts. Plant compatibility is essential for developing eco-friendly and sustainable microbial products. Therefore, our search for novel technologies ought to be in the foreground, for which a thorough understanding of biochemical processes, application of agricultural enzymes, traits, and viruses get the highest priority. Volumes 8 to 10 in this series compile the recent research on agricultural biocatalysis by interdisciplinary teams from international institutes for chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, and materials and chemical engineering, who have been investigating agricultural-biocatalytic topics related to biochemical conversions or bioremediation, and modern biological and chemical applications exemplified by the use of selected and highly innovative agricultural enzymes, traits, and viruses. The editors are prominent researchers in agrochemistry and theoretical biophysical chemistry, and these three volumes are useful references for the students and researchers in the fields of agrochemistry, biochemistry, biology, biophysical chemistry, natural product chemistry, materials, and drug design. Volume 9 covers the research on plant and soil enzymes, herbicide tolerant traits, biochemical conversions, including aspects from bioremediation, plant viruses, and evaluation of the agricultural enzymes market.

Movement Disorders in Psychiatry examines the complex interface between movement disorders and psychiatry, addressing both specific movement disorders in psychiatry and behavioral syndromes associated with diseases categorized as movement disorders. This volume provides an overview of clinical definitions and pathophysiology of movement disorders and reviews specific movement disorders associated with drugs of abuse and psychotropic medications, including tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Further chapters discuss movement disorders seen in primary psychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, as well as diseases with concurrent movement disorder and behavioral symptoms, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Tourette's syndrome, and autoimmune conditions. Movement Disorders in Psychiatry offers an in-depth perspective on movement disorders with treatment and practical management strategies for related challenges in clinical practice.

Sinusoidal Cells in Liver Diseases: Role in their Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment provides a state-of-the-art review on recent advances surrounding the role of liver sinusoidal cells (LSECs, HSCs, macrophages, and other non-parenchymal cells) in acute and chronic liver diseases. Coverage emphasizes disease pathophysiology, novel mechanisms, unmet clinical questions, development of biomarkers and treatment opportunities. By focusing on the role of sinusoidal cells in human liver diseases, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of the role of sinusoidal cells in acute and chronic liver diseases, in its pathophysiology and mechanisms, and in the development of novel biomarkers and new therapeutics. Cells of the liver vasculature play an essential role in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic liver diseases and are considered key therapeutic targets to treat most of human hepatopathies. Coverage in this reference includes the phenotypic changes occurring in liver vascular cells and how cells contribute to the development of microcirculatory dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation, and liver failure. Provides a comprehensive update on the role of sinusoidal cells in acute and chronic liver diseasesCovers our current understanding of the role of sinusoidal cells as therapeutic targets to improve liver diseasesPresents the latest research in the development of novel biomarkers of liver diseases that derive from sinusoidal cells

Helmut Plattner nimmt Sie mit auf eine Zeitreise, die die Entwicklung der Zellbiologie von der Erfindung des Mikroskops bis in unsere Zeit mit ihrem rasanten Fortschritt und zahlreichen Nobelpreisen nachzeichnet. Neben seiner langjährigen Lehrerfahrung schöpft er v. a. daraus, dass er oft als Gast oder sogar Akteur Teil dieser Entwicklung war. Modellorganismen von unterschiedlichem evolutionärem Niveau waren wichtige Hinweisgeber für Problemlösungen, besonders auch unter Einbeziehung neuer Methoden einschließlich der Molekularbiologie. Der Text ist verständlich geschrieben, zieht anschauliche Vergleiche und bietet Ihnen Anknüpfungspunkte durch bekannte Krankheiten (z. B. die Thematik Malaria und Sichelzellanämie) und prominente Namen. Zahlreiche anschauliche Abbildungen runden den Text ab.

Mineralizing Vesicles: From Biochemical and Biophysical Properties to Their Roles in Physiology and Disease presents the state-of-the art in the properties of mineralizing EVs and their potential clinical applications. The first chapter presents foundational biochemical and biological aspects of EVs. Next, the title coves the role of EVs in bone ossification and in cardiovascular and cartilage-related diseases. Considering the unique ability of this class of EVs to form apatite minerals assigned to their special biochemical machinery, three chapters of the book then focus on the enzymes catalysing the inorganic phosphate and calcium turn-over and the dynamic properties of the vesicles'peripheral proteins. Chapters describe the role of inorganic phosphate and calcium ions and of autophagy on the biogenesis and function of mineralizing EVs. Recent studies show that the lumen of mineralizing EVs is partially filled with miRNA, and a chapter therefore considers research on the possible function of these vesicles as signalosomes. The final five chapters of the book describe practical aspects of working with mineralizing EVs, including their purification, proteomic and biophysical analyses, the use of biomimetic models and mineralizing EVs in regenerative medicine. This title presents, for the first time, a comprehensive account of mineralizing EVs and their potential clinical applications. It will be invaluable to researchers in the field. • Covers all aspects of mineralizing EVs, from their composition to their function in physiological and pathological processes, and their clinical potential• Presents mineralizing EVs systematically using clear accessible language• Describes practical aspects of working with mineralizing EVs• Integrates an account of the biochemistry and biophysics of vesicles with their functions• Takes a multidisciplinary perspective, offering an exhaustive and cutting-edge account of mineralizing EVs and human health

One of the most intriguing and compelling issues to impact contemporary biology to date is the concept that cell death is genetically regulated. Observations by Kerr and Wyllie, made more than 30 years ago on the basis of distinct morphological criteria, markedly distinguished apoptosis from classical cell death by necrosis. Apoptosis is a highly regulated, evolutionary conserved, genetic program of cell death essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis. The discovery of apoptosis as a regulated event and potentially amenable to therapeutic interventions has generated considerable excitement because it meant that disease entities resulting from either too much, or too little, apoptosis could be potentially cured with new therapies that target apoptosis.While there is little doubt that necrosis induced by massive cellular trauma is likely an unregulated event, several lines of investigation have challenged the dogma that necrotic cell death ismerely unregulated. Emerging data has shifted the paradigm in our thinking about necrosis as a regulated event.Autophagy is another cellular process that has received considerable attention over the past two decades and its remarkable involvement in the processes of cell survival, death and tumorigenesis. Macro autophagy is a catabolic process that involves the selective and targeted removal of oxidized proteins, macromolecular structures and organelles through an elaborate cellular process involving a lysosome mediated pathway. Other forms of autophagy involving adapter proteins, commonly referred to as chaperone mediated autophagy, involves the selective removal of cellular cargo by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.The book will serve as a reference guide for basic and clinical scientists who are interested in understanding how these critical cellular processes impact the pathogenesis of human disease.

Pompe disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with growing therapeutic options. Because of rising awareness of Pompe disease over the past decades, less well-known clinical features have emerged, and the number of diagnosed patients has increased around the world. Furthermore, embedded research is turning into an increased understanding of the pathophysiology and has opened the way for novel therapeutic approaches. This edition highlights the significant advances in the understanding of disease mechanisms, in describing the phenotypic spectrum of Pompe disease, in developing diagnostic algorithms and in improving patient care. We summarized the current techniques contributing to disease diagnosis, predictive genetic testing and therapy development. This third edition of'Pompe Disease'was updated particularly with regards to the clinical spectrum, the diagnostic procedures, the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy, and future gene therapy. It provides helpful information to healthcare professionals as well as to interested lay people on all aspects of Pompe disease.

With Cholesterol, Drs. Anna Bukiya and Alex Dopico have compiled a comprehensive resource on biological and clinical aspects of cholesterol, spanning biophysics and biochemistry, as well as the latest pharmacological discoveries employed to tackle disorders associated with abnormal cholesterol levels. Early chapters on basic biology offer guidance in cholesterol lab chemistry, cholesterol metabolism and synthesis, molecular evolution of cholesterol and sterols, cholesterol peptides, and cholesterol modulation. Chapters on cellular and organismal development discuss cholesterol transport in blood, lipoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism; cholesterol detection in the blood; cellular cholesterol levels; hypercholesterolemia; and the role of cholesterol in early human development. Pathophysical specialists consider familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, critical illness and cholesterol levels, coronary artery disease, CESD, cholesterol and viral pathology, cholesterol and neurodegenerative disorders, and cholesterol and substance use disorders. A final section examines pharmacology of drug delivery systems targeting cholesterol related disorders, cholesterol receptors, cholesterol reduction, statins, citrate lyase, cyclodextrins, and clinical management. Cholesterol: From Biophysics and Biochemistry to Pathology and Pharmacology empowers researchers, students, and clinicians across various disciplines to advance new cholesterol-based studies, improve clinical management, and drive drug discovery. - Ties basic biology to clinical application and drug discovery - Provides methods and protocols for lab-based cholesterol research and clinical testing - Examines the latest pharmacological discoveries employed to tackle cholesterol related disorders - Includes chapter contributions from a wide range of specialists, uniting various disciplines

This sixth edition provides an overview of fetal and neonatal pathology through a system-based approach. This book contains new chapters on immunology, with a continued focus on molecular aspects of pathology in the perinatal setting. The general principles of perinatal pathology and their clinical situations are also discussed, along with specific pathological entities and their organ systems. Keeling's Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, sixth edition aims to help the reader treat common problems through anatomical pathology findings and is relevant to practicing and trainee pathologists, obstetricians, maternal and fetal medicine specialists, neonatologists, and pediatricians.

Comprehensive Pharmacology, Seven Volume Set is organized into twelve sections that explore therapeutic areas, with a total of 320 comprehensive articles and 6,800 pages of important findings. Sections contain highly detailed coverage of information that has been overseen by an editorial board made up of well-respected, field leading experts. The content in this book offers readers an in-depth and easily accessible reference work on every aspect of pharmacological research surrounding the pharmacology of all therapeutic applications of drugs, their mechanism of action and their therapeutic values. These elements are essential as drugs are almost never tested and developed in the actual therapeutic system, but rather in test systems from which parameters must be determined to predict activity in systems of varying ambient physiology. As different technologies rapidly evolve, there is an ever-increasing level of knowledge about the pharmacology of known drugs, along with increasing capability to utilize pharmacological systems to predict new drug activity, all of which must be communicated to professionals in varying fields. - Contains chapters that follow a consistent and templated approach, resulting in well-structured content that enhances user experience and appeal - Offers a comprehensive review on a wealth of information on pharmacology and how it utilizes concepts and techniques from a broad array of sciences, ranging from chemistry to physiology to medicine - Includes a wider use of color and multimedia content, with interactive features, links, computational modeling and animations to illustrate the effects of toxic substances in various contexts

Sphingomyelinase deficiency Niemann-Pick type A & B disease and intracellular lipid transport defect Niemann-Pick type C disease are to be considered as two genetically and molecularly distinct entities. This book is devoted to these two disorders and comprehensively presents the diagnostic options, including how to distinguish between Niemann-Pick type A & B and type C, as well as current therapeutic approaches. It also considers molecular biology, the latest findings in the field of basic science, and the current understanding of clinical features. A separate chapter on diagnosis can be used as a quick reference work from clinical symptoms to a suspected diagnosis and the confirmation of diagnosis in the laboratory.

Drug Delivery Systems for Metabolic Disorders presents the most recent developments on the targeted delivery of drugs to deal with metabolic disorders in a safe, compliant and continuous way. The book covers recent developments in advanced drug delivery systems in various metabolic disorders, including disturbances in protein, lipid, carbohydrate and hormone metabolism and lysosomal and mitochondrial disorders. It provides a brief introduction to metabolic disorders, along with a focus on the current landscape and trends in understanding disease pathology using different in vitro and in vivo models required for clinical applications and developments of new therapeutics. Each subsequent chapter covers drug delivery systems dedicated to metabolic diseases caused by disturbances in protein, lipid, carbohydrate and hormone metabolism. Then, it moves on to cover lysosomal storage disorders and applications of phytopharmaceuticals in this context. This is the perfect reference for researchers in pharmaceutical science who are interested in developing new treatments for metabolic diseases. - Offers comprehensive coverage of drug delivery to treat metabolic diseases - Provides insights into how advanced drug delivery systems can be effectively used for the management of various types of metabolic disorders - Includes the most recent research on diagnostic methods and treatment strategies using controlled drug delivery systems

This new edition provides comprehensive coverage of the variety and complexity of the roles that glycoconjugates play in the cells of the nervous system. Basic fundamental principles as well as the latest developments in neural glycobiology are discussed. Topics covered range from the structure and metabolism of the saccharide chains and current approaches used in their study, to changes glycoconjugates undergo during development and aging of the nervous system and the roles they have in neurological disease. New topics include a detailed discussion of cells found within the nervous system, an extensive listing of congenital disorders of glycosylation of both proteins and lipids, the roles of glycans in neuronal axon growth/guidance and voltage-gated channels, the role of intra-lysosomal luminal vesicles in lysosomal storage disorders, and, in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of carbohydrates in infection by SARS-CoV-2. The breadth and depth of topics covered make this an essential reference for those new to the field as well as for more experienced investigators.

The third volume of the ultimate reference on the science and applications of aggregation-induced emission The Handbook of Aggregation-Induced Emission explores foundational and advanced topics in aggregation-induced emission, as well as cutting-edge developments in the field, celebrating twenty years of progress and achievement in this important and interdisciplinary field. The three volumes combine to offer readers a comprehensive and insightful interpretation accessible to both new and experienced researchers working on aggregation-induced emission. In Volume 3: Emerging Applications, the editors address the applications of AIEgens in several fields, including bio-imaging, fluorescent molecular switches, electrochromic materials, regenerative medicine, detection of organic volatile contaminants, hydrogels, and organogels. Topics covered include: AIE-active emitters and their applications in OLEDs, and circularly polarized luminescence of aggregation-induced emission materials AIE polymer films for optical sensing and energy harvesting, aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence, and mechanoluminescence materials with aggregation-induced emission Dynamic super-resolution fluorescence imaging based on photoswitchable fluorescent spiropyran Visualization of polymer microstructures Self-assembly of micelle and vesicles New strategies for biosensing and cell imaging Perfect for academic researchers working on aggregation-induced emission, this set of volumes is also ideal for professionals and students in the fields of photophysics, photochemistry, materials science, optoelectronic materials, synthetic organic chemistry, macromolecular chemistry, polymer science, and biological sciences.

New Aspects of Meat Quality, Second Edition continues to be the leading source of scientific information for what constitutes meat quality for consumers, marketers and producers in the 21st century. The book includes traditional measures of meat quality such as texture, water holding, color, flavor/aroma, safety/microbiology and processing characteristics as well as quality assurance schemes, organic/free range, ethical meat production, and the desirability of genetically modified organisms, amongst others. Users will find comprehensive coverage on developments in our understanding of how muscle structure affects the eating qualities of cooked meat, along with techniques for measuring, predicting and producing meat quality. In addition, the book covers how these new techniques help us minimize variability in eating quality and/or maximize value. The book's final section identifies the current qualities of consumer and public perceptions and what is sustainable, ethical, desirable and healthy in meat production and consumption. - Provides the latest research techniques and developments presented by top researchers in the field - Covers new aspects of meat quality with the same scientific authority as texts on traditional meat quality value - Includes five new chapters that cover the role of proteolysis, meat flavor, meat bi-products, and meat and public health

This comprehensive, up-to-date reference work compiles the scientific research on the relationship between various forms of cancer and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is well known that ROS play a key role in the various steps leading to malignancy, this includes increase in DNA mutation rates. The book brings together exciting reviews, written by leading experts all over the world. The book is divided into four broad sections. Each section describes the role of oxidative stress and underlying mechanisms and pathways, at various stages of cancer, including its role in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Further, the book describes how the reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate gene expression and signal transduction pathways in cancer. The book discusses the ways to interfere with the cancer progression, and design of anti-cancer drugs. The book provides an integrated approach for better understanding of the development phases of oxidative stress-induced cancers, and mainly the current perspectives about mechanistic aspects of cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. It is a highly resourceful book and would be extremely important to clinicians, students and researchers in the field of cancer genetics, therapeutics and oncology.

Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Vaccination and Challenges consolidates the current research on cancer nanomedicine and therapeutic cancer vaccination to explore the most effective and promising avenues. The book covers cancer vaccines before exploring nanotherapeutics, DNA and mRNA vaccines in cancer treatment. Finally, it considers regulatory and industrial perspectives on cancer vaccination and nanotherapeutics. This resource will be useful for pharmaceutical scientists and researchers focused on biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, vaccine development, and cancer immunotherapy, along with advanced students in these subjects. Cancer is arguably the most complex and challenging disease known to mankind. Over the last two-decades, significant advancements have been made in new and novel concepts of cancer nanomedicines. Therapeutic cancer vaccines may be utilized to inhibit further growth of advanced cancers and/or relapsed tumors that are refractory to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. - Presents the progress made in cancer medicines from conventional to targeted therapy - Covers the present state-of-the-art of cancer nanomedicines and upcoming therapeutic cancer vaccination - Contains a focus on advanced nanomaterials that are utilized for encapsulation of nucleic acid, mRNA, DNA, siRNA

Offering the comprehensive, authoritative information needed for effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of sick and premature infants, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 6th Edition, is an invaluable resource for board review, clinical rounds, scientific research, and day-to-day practice. This trusted two-volume text synthesizes recent advances in the field into definitive guidance for today's busy practitioner, focusing on the basic science needed for exam preparation and key information required for full-time practice. It stands alone as the most complete text available in this complex and fast-changing field, yet is easy to use for everyday application. - Offers definitive guidance on how to effectively manage the many health problems seen in newborn and premature infants. - Contains new chapters on Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease, Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease, and Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells, as well as significantly revised chapters on Cellular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury, Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia, Enteric Nervous System Development and Gastrointestinal Motility, and Physiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion. - Features 1,000 full-color diagrams, graphs and anatomic illustrations, 170+ chapters, and more than 350 global contributors. - Includes chapters devoted to clinical correlation that help explain the implications of fetal and neonatal physiology, as well as clinical applications boxes throughout. - Provides summary boxes at the end of each chapter and extensive cross-referencing between chapters for quick reference and review. - Allows you to apply the latest insights on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and neuroimaging, and much more.

In recent years, powered by evolving technologies and experimental design, studies have better illuminated the regulating role of proteolytic enzymes across human development and pathologies. Proteolytic Signaling in Health and Disease provides an in-depth discussion of fundamental physiological and developmental processes regulated by proteases, from protein turnover and autophagy to antigen processing and presentation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Moving on from basic biology, international chapter authors examine a range of pathological conditions associated with proteolysis, including inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. Later chapters discuss the newly discovered network of connected events among proteases (and their inhibitors), the so-called'protease web', and how best to study it. This book also empowers new research with up-to-date analytical methods and step-by-step protocols for studying proteolytic signaling events. - Examines biological events triggered by proteolytic enzyme activity across human development and pathologies - Discusses the role of proteolytic signaling in inflammation, wound healing, and cancer, among other disease types - Features methods and protocols supporting further study of proteolytic signaling events - Includes chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

The book discusses the ways in which high hydrostatic pressure (i.e. water pressure) affects all grades of life which thrive at pressures much greater those in our normal environment. The deep sea is the best known high pressure environment, where pressures reach a thousand times greater than those at the surface, yet it is populated by a variety of animals and microorganisms. The earth's crust supports microorganisms which live in water filled pores at high pressure. In addition, the load bearing joints of animals like ourselves experience pulses of hydrostatic pressure of a magnitude similar to the pressure at mid ocean depths.These pressures affect molecular structures and biochemical reactions. Basic cellular processes are drastically affected – the growth and division of cells, the way nerves conduct impulses and the chemical reactions which provide energy. Adaptation to high pressure also occurs in complex physiological systems such as those which provide buoyancy. Probably the greatest challenge to our understanding of adaptation to high pressure is the stabilisation of the nervous system of deep sea animals to avoid convulsions which pressure causes in shallow water animals. Additionally the book provides insight into the engineering required to study life at high pressure: equipment which can trap small deep sea animals and retrieve them at their high pressure, equivalent equipment for microorganisms, laboratory microscopes which can focus on living cells under high pressure, incubators for bacteria which require high pressure to grow, high pressure aquaria for marine animals and lastly and briefly, manned and unmanned submersible vessels, Landers and deep drill hole sampling. Rather like the organisms studied many laboratory instruments have been adapted to function at high pressure.

This book offers a systematic review of the cutting-edge knowledge in stress medicine. Cellular redox imbalance, resulting from overproduction of reactive oxide species (ROS), leads to oxidative stress and subsequent occurrence and development of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, pain, etc. In addition, ROS can induce post-translational modification of proteins and play roles through redox signaling pathways. In this book, the authors attempt to re-define the key concepts in oxidative stress, such as oxidative eustress and oxidative distress, revisit the pivotal signaling of oxidative stress in human diseases, and discuss the debate in current anti-oxidant strategies, such as natural products and drug repurposing. This book serves as a reference to graduate students and researchers in this growing field.

Autophagy in Health and Disease, Second Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathophysiology. It expands on the scope of the first edition by covering a wider range of cell types, developmental processes, and organ systems. The second edition is an international effort by investigators from 15 different countries whose many contributions are comprised in 28 chapters organized into six sections. The first section (Chapters 1-7) covers foundational concepts, including history, trajectory of the research field, mechanisms of autophagy, and autophagy regulation. The second section (Chapters 8-11) details developmental aspects, including stem cells, embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and paligenosis. The subsequent sections are devoted to the role of autophagy in specific organ systems involved in metabolic control and diabetes (Chapters 12-15), the cardiovascular system (Chapters 16-18), and the nervous system (Chapters 19-20). The final section (Chapters 21-28) addresses autophagy in other organ systems vital to human health and longevity. Also included are chapters on microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the potential for autophagy as a therapeutic target.Autophagy in Health and Disease is invaluable to anyone new to the field as well as established investigators looking for a broader understanding of autophagy from outside their specific field of study. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathology - Offers extended coverage of the mechanisms that mediate autophagy - Covers the role of autophagy in stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as the regenerative process of paligenosis - Highlights important questions that remain to be addressed

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. This latest volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and genomics, forests, and ecosystems.

This volume of Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis starts with a discussion on the importance of biocatalytic synthesis approaches for a sustainable and environmentally friendly production of pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Among the enzymes discussed in detail with respect to their pharmaceutical relevance are cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases playing an important role in modulating signal transduction in various cell types; human DOPA decarboxylase, related to Parkinson's disease and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency; and phospholipase D enzymes as drug targets. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations are novel therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia. An additional chapter is devoted to the use of enzymes for prodrug activation in cancer therapy. The other topics include small-molecule inhibitors targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer, β-Lactams and related compounds as antibacterials, non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases, and the molecular mechanisms for statin pleiotropy and its clinical relevance in cardiovascular diseases. The last chapter is a review of lysosomal storage disorders with an overview of approved drugs for treating these disorders by enzyme replacement therapy.

Die Sphingomyelinase-Defizienz Morbus Niemann-Pick Typ A & B und der intrazelluläre Lipid-Transportdefekt Morbus Niemann-Pick Typ C sind als zwei genetisch und molekularbiologisch unterschiedliche Entitäten zu betrachten. Neue Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Grundlagenforschung, ein besseres Verständnis von klinischen Merkmalen, bessere Diagnosemöglichkeiten, auch um einfacher zwischen Niemann-Pick Typ A & B und Typ C zu unterscheiden, sowie konkrete neue Therapieansätze haben eine Neuauflage dieses Buches erforderlich gemacht. Alle Kapitel von der Molekularbiologie über die klinische Darstellung bis hin zu den verschiedenen Therapieansätzen wurden überarbeitet und aktualisiert, darüber hinaus wurde ein zusätzliches Kapitel zur Diagnostik ergänzt.

This book is a collection of essays from across Africa which highlight the roles of beliefs and traditions in health behaviour. Chapters address mental health, risk perception, stigma, reproductive health, religion and health. The book also examines conceptual approaches in health communication and community development, both western and indigenous. Specific topics include Alzheimer's, HIV and stigma; perception of risk from obesity, HIV prevention and preeclampsia; doctor-patient relationship and health beliefs of birth attendants; culture and mental health access and social media effects on mental health; the complementary use of contemporary and indigenous communication strategies and the accommodation of science by religious leaders during the COVID 19 pandemic. The book, which starts by examining global inequalities in health, proposes an African approach informed by problematisation as theorised by Foucault and Freire, to unpack habits and social problems. It ends by asking the question: “Is science enough” and making a strong case for health enabling environments alongside science communication.

Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Second Edition, covers the science of oxidative stress in cancer and the potentially therapeutic usage of natural antioxidants in the diet or food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are described in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling, and receptor-mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial and that oxidative stress is a single component. Other sections cover new organ site tumors—skin and liver cancer, the role of polymorphisms, cytochrome p450s, COX gene, fatty acids, apoptosis, T cells and mitochondria, prevention/protection with anthocyanins, esculetin, nanoparticles, and more. This book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, nutritionists and other members of the biomedical field who are interested in enhancing treatment outcome, improving the quality of life of patients, and developing new treatments in the fight against cancer. - Encompasses updated, revised and state-of-the-art information to advance cancer research - Bridges the gaps between nutrition, oxidative stress, and cancer, presenting a holistic approach for health care and research - Contains wide applicability to cancer research, from prevention to novel therapeutics

This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 3 focuses on the technical aspects of autophagy research. It is comprised of two parts. The first part discusses the basic process of autophagy, including its overall classification and individual stages in the life cycle of autophagosomes. The second part discusses the tools, strategies, and model systems in current autophagy research, including cell and animal models, detection and manipulation methods, as well as screening, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. The book is written and edited by a team of active scientists. It is intended as a practical reference resource for interested researchers to get started on autophagy studies.

Direct Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery provides the reader with precise knowledge about the strategies and approaches for enhanced nose-to-brain drug delivery. It highlights the development of novel nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for targeted drug delivery to the brain microenvironments with a focus on the technological advances in the development of the novel drug delivery devices for intranasal administration, including special emphasis on brain targeting through nose. This book explores the various quantification parameters to assess the brain targeting efficiency following intranasal administration and includes an overview on the toxicity aspects of the various materials used to develop the direct nose-to-brain drug delivery vehicles and of the regulatory aspects including patents and current clinical status of the potential neurotherapeutics for the effective management of neuro-ailments. Technological advances in new drug delivery systems with diverse applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, biomaterials, and biotechnological fields are also explained. This book is a crucial source that will assist the veteran scientists, industrial technologists, and clinical research professionals to develop new drug delivery systems and novel drug administration devices for the treatment of neuro-ailments. - Explains the targeting approaches for enhanced brain targeting following intranasal drug administration - Explores the various nanocarriers developed to date for neurotherapeutic delivery via nose-to-brain - Discusses pharmaceutical and biomedical applications after nose-to-brain delivery of therapeutic pharmaceuticals and biologicals

Advances in Aggregation Induced Emission Materials in Biosensing and Imaging for Biomedical Applications - Part A Volume 184, highlights many aspects of AIE materials that can help future investigators, researchers, students and stakeholders perform research with ease. Emitting light is a fascinating photophysical phenomenon, its different forms have brought the attention of various disciplines of natural sciences for centuries. In the modern era of scientific generation, short-lived fluorescence light and its long-lived counterpart phosphorescence light has been employed for several chemo-sensing, bio-sensing, and bioimaging applications. The aggregation induced emission (AIE) phenomenon has appeared as a wand of modern science to convert aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) materials into AIE active materials for a wide range of biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging and localization of molecules for better understanding of molecular mechanisms. This volume covers a wide range of topics which are not currently available in a single volume, including ACQ & AIE concept development; intracellular pH, temperature and viscosity sensing; imaging of cell membrane, lipid droplet, lysosome, and mitochondria; biosensing and Imaging of bacteria; nucleus and nucleic acid imaging. - Offers a basic understanding of AIE principle, mechanism and transformation of ACQ active to AIE active materials - Elucidates nucleus and nucleic acid imaging applications of AIE active small molecules - Describes imaging of cell membrane, lipid droplet, lysosome, and mitochondria of AIE molecules

How does death help us understand the living? Death is more than the last event of life; it is interwoven into our growth, development, protection against disease, and more. It influences the direction of entire species via the cycle of a lifespan, and it involves asking many fascinating questions. How do we differentiate between life and death, though? How do we know when a person, animal, or cell is really dead? How much grey area is there in the science? Why do we age? Can we do anything about it? Scientifically, there's much we can learn about a living thing from its cells. In all living things, cells seem to carry'death'gene programs. Some living organisms have created systems to use these to their own advantage. Humans, for example, use the death of specific cells to hone our immune system and to give us fingernails and hair. Perhaps the most dramatic use occurs during the metamorphosis of insects and frogs. Even single-celled organisms use'quorum sensing'to eliminate some cells to ensure the overall survival of their colony in harsh environments. Thus, there is more to death than just dying. This latest book from science writer Gary C. Howard ties together the many ways that death helps us understand life. He synthesizes the involvement and relation of cells, tissues, organisms, and populations, explaining what happens at the end of life. Between discussions about popular topics such as the ethics of extending life and cell regeneration, Howard also answers fascinating questions about life and death. The resulting book examines how the end of life is determined and what we can learn from this process.

Helmut Plattner nimmt Sie mit auf eine Zeitreise, die die Entwicklung der Zellbiologie von der Erfindung des Mikroskops bis in unsere Zeit mit ihrem rasanten Fortschritt und dem Nobelpreis Physiologie/Medizin 2019 nachzeichnet. Neben seiner langjährigen Lehrerfahrung schöpft er v. a. daraus, dass er oft als (Zaun-)Gast oder sogar Akteur Teil dieser Entwicklung war. Modellorganismen von unterschiedlichem evolutionärem Niveau waren wichtige Hinweisgeber für Problemlösungen, besonders auch unter Einbeziehung neuer molekularbiologischer Methoden. Der Text ist verständlich geschrieben, zieht anschauliche Vergleiche und bietet Ihnen Anknüpfungspunkte durch bekannte Krankheiten (z. B. die Thematik Malaria und Sichelzellanämie) und prominente Namen. Zahlreiche anschauliche Abbildungen runden den Text ab.

This book discusses a broad range of basic and advanced topics in the field of protein structure, function, folding, flexibility, and dynamics. Starting with a basic introduction to protein purification, estimation, storage, and its effect on the protein structure, function, and dynamics, it also discusses various experimental and computational structure determination approaches; the importance of molecular interactions and water in protein stability, folding and dynamics; kinetic and thermodynamic parameters associated with protein-ligand binding; single molecule techniques and their applications in studying protein folding and aggregation; protein quality control; the role of amino acid sequence in protein aggregation; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, antimuscarinic drugs, and their clinical significances. Further, the book explains the current understanding on the therapeutic importance of the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase; structural dynamics and motions in molecularmotors; role of cathepsins in controlling degradation of extracellular matrix during disease states; and the important structure-function relationship of iron-binding proteins, ferritins. Overall, the book is an important guide and a comprehensive resource for understanding protein structure, function, dynamics, and interaction.