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Aging, space flight, and prolonged bed rest have all been linked to bone loss, and no effective treatments are clinically available at present. Here, with the rodent hindlimb unloading (HU) model, we report that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment was significantly altered, with an increased number of myeloid cells and elevated inflammatory cytokines. In such inflammatory BM, the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was greatly enhanced, leading to a shifted bone remodeling balance that ultimately ends up with disuse-induced osteoporosis. Using Piezo1 conditional knockout (KO) mice (Piezo1fl/fl;LepRCre), we proved that lack of mechanical stimuli on LepR+mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is the main reason for the pathological BM inflammation. Mechanically, the secretome of MSCs was regulated by mechanical stimuli. Inadequate mechanical load leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF-1), and so on, which promotes monocyte proliferation and osteoclastic differentiation. Interestingly, transplantation of 10% cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-treated MSCs into HU animals significantly alleviated the BM microenvironment and rebalanced bone remodeling. In summary, our research revealed a new mechanism underlying mechanical unloading-induced bone loss and suggested a novel stem cell-based therapy to potentially prevent disuse-induced osteoporosis.

With the aim of improving the robustness of the hybrid energy storage system(HESS) and avoiding overcharging and reasonably managing state of charge (SOC), this paper proposed a HESS control strategy employing integral backstepping (IBS) method based on SOC. Firstly, on the basis of the hybrid energy storage control strategy of conventional filtering technology (FT), the current inner loop PI controller was changed into an controller employing IBS method to improve the robustness shown by the energy storage system (ESS) against system parameter perturbation or external disturbance. The current controller of the HESS employing inner loop integral backstepping method was designed and the Lyapunov stability was proven. Secondly, to avoid overcharging and over-discharging of the HESS and to reasonably manage SOC, an energy management strategy based on SOC was proposed to generate the current reference value of the inner loop controller employing integral backstepping method, and the energy management strategy based on SOC was designed as well. Finally, the simulation model of the HESS employing integrated backstepping method based on SOC was established, and the feasibility of this method was verified through simulation. It was shown by the results obtained from the simulation that the HESS control strategy employing integrated backstepping method based on SOC had greater anti-interference ability and improved the robustness of the system, in comparison with the control strategy of FT (PI) and FT (IBS) hybrid energy storage. In the meanwhile, the upper and lower limits of SOC of the ESS are supposed to be managed to avoid overcharging and over-discharging and to extend the life of the ESS.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the pervasive side effects of chemotherapy, leading to poor quality of life in cancer patients. Discovery of powerful analgesics for CIPN is an urgent and substantial clinical need. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a classic neurotrophic factor, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for pain. In this study, we generated a humanized NGF monoclonal antibody (DS002) that most effectively blocked the interaction between NGF and tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA). We showed that DS002 blocked NGF binding to TrkA in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50value of 6.6 nM; DS002 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of TF-1 cells by blocking the TrkA-mediated downstream signaling pathway. Furthermore, DS002 did not display noticeable species differences in its binding and blocking abilities. In three chemotherapy-induced rat models of CIPN, subcutaneous injection of DS002 produced a significant prophylactic effect against paclitaxel-, cisplatin- and vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that an NGF inhibitor effectively alleviates pain in animal models of CIPN. DS002 has the potential to treat CIPN pain in the clinic.

Uranium is an indispensable resource for the nuclear industry, while land-based uranium mines are limited in content and unevenly distributed. Therefore, uranium extraction from seawater (UES) holds great potential for sustainable energy production. Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology, known for its low energy consumption, simple process, environmentally friendliness, and high adsorption efficiency, holds significant potential for UES. This paper reviews the development history, principles, classifications, and applications of CDI technology. In the section on development history, we provide a brief overview of the early development of CDI technology, emphasizing key milestones in its application to UES and recent optimization efforts. In the section on principle and categorization, we contextualize CDI technology within UES applications for a comprehensive introduction. Additionally, in the application section, we concentrate on current applications of CDI technology in UES. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on the current research status of CDI for UES and its advantages in terms of adsorptivity, selectivity, and economic benefits. In terms of adsorptivity, CDI technology demonstrates its efficiency in adsorbing uranium ions, achieved through meticulous optimization of electrode structure and material selection. With regard to selectivity, CDI technology selectively extracts uranium while mitigating interference from competing ions through adept modulation of electrode materials and operational parameters, thereby enhancing extraction efficiency. Economically, CDI technology stands out due to its hallmark features of low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness, facilitating high-efficiency uranium extraction and providing substantial economic advantages over alternative methods in the UES domain. Lastly, we discuss the challenge factors (competing ions, salinity, pH, and biofouling) of this technology in the uranium extraction process, aiming to explore the feasibility and economic benefits of UES by using the CDI technology and providing theoretical support for further optimization and promotion of CDI applications in UES. Additionally, we aim to address some of the current challenges of uranium extraction using CDI by incorporating materials informatics and providing an outlook on this matter. This paper provides practical insights into the development and industrial progress of CDI technology in UES, aiming to offer valuable references for the subsequent research on CDI seawater uranium extraction to contribute to the sustainable utilization of seawater resources.

Hemophilia A and B are hereditary coagulation defects resulting in unstable blood clotting and recurrent bleeding. Current factor replacement therapies have major limitations such as the short half-life of the factors and development of inhibitors. Alternative approaches to rebalance the hemostasis by inhibiting the anticoagulant pathways have recently gained considerable interest. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody, HAPC1573, that selectively blocks the anticoagulant activity of human activated protein C (APC). We generated F8−/− or F9−/− hemophilia mice expressing human protein C by genetically replacing the murine Proc gene with the human PROC. The resulting PROC+/+;F8−/− or PROC+/+;F9−/− mice had bleeding characteristics similar to their corresponding F8−/− or F9−/− mice. Pretreating the PROC+/+;F8−/− mice with HAPC1573 shortened the tail bleeding time. HAPC1573 pretreatment significantly reduced mortality and alleviated joint swelling, similar to those treated with either FVIII or FIX, of either PROC+/+;F8−/− or PROC+/+;F9−/− mice in a needle puncture–induced knee-joint bleeding model. Additionally, we found that HAPC1573 significantly improved the thrombin generation of PROC+/+;F8−/− mice but not F8−/− mice, indicating that HAPC1573 enhanced the coagulant activity of hemophilia mice by modulating human APC in vivo. We further documented that HAPC1573 inhibited the APC anticoagulant activity to improve the clotting time of human plasma deficient of FVIII, FIX, FXI, FVII, VWF, FV, or FX. These results demonstrate that selectively blocking the anticoagulant activity of human APC may be an effective therapeutic and/or prophylactic approach for bleeding disorders lacking FVIII, FIX, or other clotting factors.

Hemophilia A and B are hereditary coagulation defects resulting in unstable blood clotting and recurrent bleeding. Current factor replacement therapies have major limitations such as the short half-life of the factors and development of inhibitors. Alternative approaches to rebalance the hemostasis by inhibiting the anticoagulant pathways have recently gained considerable interest. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody, HAPC1573, that selectively blocks the anticoagulant activity of human activated protein C (APC). We generated F8−/−or F9−/−hemophilia mice expressing human protein C by genetically replacing the murine Procgene with the human PROC. The resulting PROC+/+;F8−/−or PROC+/+;F9−/−mice had bleeding characteristics similar to their corresponding F8−/−or F9−/−mice. Pretreating the PROC+/+;F8−/−mice with HAPC1573 shortened the tail bleeding time. HAPC1573 pretreatment significantly reduced mortality and alleviated joint swelling, similar to those treated with either FVIII or FIX, of either PROC+/+;F8−/−or PROC+/+;F9−/−mice in a needle puncture–induced knee-joint bleeding model. Additionally, we found that HAPC1573 significantly improved the thrombin generation of PROC+/+;F8−/−mice but not F8−/−mice, indicating that HAPC1573 enhanced the coagulant activity of hemophilia mice by modulating human APC in vivo. We further documented that HAPC1573 inhibited the APC anticoagulant activity to improve the clotting time of human plasma deficient of FVIII, FIX, FXI, FVII, VWF, FV, or FX. These results demonstrate that selectively blocking the anticoagulant activity of human APC may be an effective therapeutic and/or prophylactic approach for bleeding disorders lacking FVIII, FIX, or other clotting factors.

A series of composite TaMgN films with various Mg content were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. The microstructural, mechanical, oxidation resistance and tribological properties of the films were measured. The results showed that when the Mg content is between 0 and 11.9 at.-%, the films are composed of fcc-(Ta,Mg)N and hcp-(Ta,Mg)N phases. While the further increase of Mg content induced the appearance of hcp-Mg phase and the films consisted of fcc-(Ta, Mg)N, hcp-(Ta, Mg)N and hcp-Mg, the hardness of the thin films was first increased and then decreased with the increase of Mg content due to the combined action of solution strengthening, internal stress and phase composition. The highest hardness value is 33 GPa, (Mg content is 11.9 at.-%). With a further increase of Mg content, the average friction coefficient further increased gradually, while the wear rate first decreased and then increased.

ABSTRACTA series of composite TaMgN films with various Mg content were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. The microstructural, mechanical, oxidation resistance and tribological properties of the films were measured. The results showed that when the Mg content is between 0 and 11.9 at.-%, the films are composed of fcc-(Ta,Mg)N and hcp-(Ta,Mg)N phases. While the further increase of Mg content induced the appearance of hcp-Mg phase and the films consisted of fcc-(Ta, Mg)N, hcp-(Ta, Mg)N and hcp-Mg, the hardness of the thin films was first increased and then decreased with the increase of Mg content due to the combined action of solution strengthening, internal stress and phase composition. The highest hardness value is 33 GPa, (Mg content is 11.9 at.-%). With a further increase of Mg content, the average friction coefficient further increased gradually, while the wear rate first decreased and then increased.

The Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of various (hetero)aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids was accomplished by N‐heterocyclic carbene‐palladacycles (NHC−Pdcycle) in the aqueous phase. Intriguingly, the NHC−Pdcyclewith a constrained aliphatic linker between the NHC ligand and the palladacycle moieties exhibited higher catalytic efficiency than the one without constrained linker under the identical reaction conditions, due to the fixed spatial structure around the metal catalytic center. The present outcome may offer a new strategy for the catalyst design. AN‐heterocyclic carbene‐palladacyclewith a constrained aliphatic linker exhibited higher catalytic efficiency than the one with a flexible linker in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions of (hetero)aryl chlorides under mild conditions.

With the extensive use of graphene oxide (GO) in research and application, the negative impact of water-soluble graphene oxide on the environment has to be considered. It is significant to find a suitable method to remove GO from water. In this study, sulfates were used as the coagulants for GO removal. The experimental results showed that cations as Mg2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+interacted with GO and GO would agglomerate then. However, low-concentration Na+, K+ and SO42–did not show any coagulation capacity. The temperature, equilibrium time and the initial concentration of cations and GO would affect the coagulation capacities. Among the selected sulfates, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate and copper sulfate had higher coagulation capacities, which were 4,772; 1,149 and 1,451 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the metallic cations mentioned were easy to obtain, so they were promising coagulants for the elimination of GO from water.

Purpose: To describe and interpret secular time trends in gallbladder cancer (GBC) incidence, mortality, and diagnostic approach using 37 years of cancer registry data in urban Shanghai.Methods: Data on registration of GBC in urban Shanghai during 1973 and 2009 were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. To describe time trends and to identify specific time points when significant changes occurred, we used joinpoint regression analysis.Results: The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence increased from 1.1/100,000 (1973–1975) to 2.9/100,000 (2006–2009) in men and from 1.7/100,000 (1973–1975) to 3.9/100,000 (2006–2009) in women. ASRs of incidence increased significantly with estimated annual percent changes (EAPCs) of 2.8% in men and 2.5% in women. The mortality trends increased significantly, with EAPCs of 2.8% in men and 2.5% in women. The increasing incidence and mortality rates were primarily observed in men ⩾60 years of age and in women ⩾70 years of age. Notable downward trends in incidence and mortality were identified among women age 60–69 years over the last decade. The percentage of GBC diagnosed by pathology increased steadily over the years while the percentage of GBC diagnosed by imaging, surgery, and biochemistry sharply increased from 1987 onwards.Conclusions: Thirty-seven years of cancer registry data document a tremendous increase in incidence/mortality and a slight decline in incidence/mortality over the last decades for GBC, especially among women, in Shanghai. The development of diagnostic approaches and aging population may play important roles.

TiN films with various nitrogen content were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering system and the influence of TiN film's microstructure on thermal diffusivity was investigated. The results showed that the titanium nitride film with 40.6–64.0at.% N exhibited a single face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The density of states calculations of TiNx showed that excess N atoms in TiN matrix weaken the Ti-N bonds. The thermal diffusivity of TiN thin films decreased gradually and reached a stable range with an increase of N content. The minimum thermal diffusivity value was 2.291×10-6m2/s at 60.2at.% N. This reduction of thermal diffusivity could be attribute to the films’ microstructure, including the increased grain boundaries due to the decrease of grain size, the change of preferential orientation and the increased lattice distortion.

ABSTRACTTiN films with various nitrogen content were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering system and the influence of TiN film’s microstructure on thermal diffusivity was investigated. The results showed that the titanium nitride film with 40.6–64.0at.% N exhibited a single face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The density of states calculations of TiNx showed that excess N atoms in TiN matrix weaken the Ti-N bonds. The thermal diffusivity of TiN thin films decreased gradually and reached a stable range with an increase of N content. The minimum thermal diffusivity value was 2.291×10−6m2/s at 60.2at.% N. This reduction of thermal diffusivity could be attribute to the films’ microstructure, including the increased grain boundaries due to the decrease of grain size, the change of preferential orientation and the increased lattice distortion.

ABSTRACTIn this letter, we propose a novel change detection method combined with image registration. Inspired by the mutual beneficial property of change detection and image registration, we model these two tasks into a unified process and represent this process as an optimization problem. Then, we use the alternating direction method (ADM) algorithm with proper initialization to solve the optimization problem. Finally, we use spatial information to refine the changed component obtained by the ADM algorithm. Experimental results accomplished over synthetic data and RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images demonstrate that the proposed method can improve both the accuracy of image registration and change detection.

•A pediatric patient presented with macrothrombocytopenia carrying 2 novel GNEmissense variants (C594Y and P735R).•Mice with homozygous P735R mutations exhibited defective angiogenesis and cerebral hemorrhages as early as E11.

To evaluate the effects of lactylate and Bacillus subtilison growth performance, complete blood cell count, and microbial changes, 264 weaning pigs were assigned to 4 treatments (1) control (Con) basal diets that met the nutrient requirement for each phase, (2) 0.2% lactylate (LA), (3) 0.05% Bacillus subtilisstrains mixtures (BM) providing 2 x 105CFU/g of complete feed, or (4) the combination of LA and BM (LA+BM) added to the control basal diet at their respective inclusion rates in each of the 3 phases. Dietary lactylate tended to increase weight gain, significantly increased feed intake, and reduced fecal total E. coliand enterotoxigenic E. colicounts during Phase 1. Pigs fed Bacillus subtilishad a greater gain to feed ratio (G:F) during Phases 1 and 2. Pigs fed lactylate had an increased peripheral absolute neutrophil count on D14 but a decreased eosinophil percentage. Pigs fed Bacillus subtilishad an elevated peripheral total white blood cell count at study completion. The addition of lactylate increased microbiota richness, reduced E. coli, and increased Prevotella, Christensenellaceae, and Succinivibrio. Bacillus subtilis supplementation-enriched f_Ruminococcaceae_unclassified and S24-7_ unclassified had positive relationships with feed efficiency. Collectively, these findings suggested that lactylate can be added to diets to balance gut microbiota and improve growth performance during the early postweaning period. The combination of lactylate and Bacillus subtilisstrains exerted a synergic effect on the growth performance of nursery pigs.

1.We engineered a high affinity antibody, SR604, that selectively blocks the anticoagulant activity of human activated protein C (APC).2.SR604 exhibited prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A and B mice expressing human APC.

In this paper, the electric impendence sensor is simulated calculation with COMSOL Multiphysics. The relationship between impedance and x-displacement of air cavity, the relationship between impedance and y-displacement of air cavity, and the relationships between impedance and radius of air cavity are obtained.

The core‐shell magnetic mesoporous microspheres immobilized NHC‐palladacycles (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) catalyst with constrained aliphatic linker group (Fe3O4@mSiO2@NHC−Pd) were readily prepared by the well‐designed method, which showed higher palladium loading (0.20 mmol g−1) and higher catalytic activity than the non‐mesoporous catalysts (Fe3O4@SiO2@NHC−Pd) prepared by the same process in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl chlorides and aryl boronic acids. Herein, Fe3O4@mSiO2@NHC−Pd could be used 12 times without significant activity loss, and no palladium leakage was detected in both the product and catalytic residue, highlighting the efficiency of our strategy for immobilizing the catalyst. Remarkably, this approach allows the synthesis of important drug intermediates 2‐aryl‐4‐aminoquinazolines and o‐tolylbenzonitrile (OTBN). Herein, the core‐shell magneticmesoporous microspheres immobilized N‐heterocyclic carbene‐palladacycles catalyst with constrained aliphatic linkers (Fe3O4@mSiO2@NHC−Pd) were successfully prepared, achieving high catalyst loading, outstanding catalytic activity, and multiple reusability without a significant decrease in catalytic performance even after 12 cycles for the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of aryl chlorides and aryl boronic acids.

The Tooth Impact Factor was defined and introduced into the formula of forming load of closed-upsetting. Thus the formula for calculating the forming load of hot precision forging of cylindrical gears was put forward. The equation for the Tooth Impact Factor was fitted using the data from FE simulation of forging process in which gears with different modules were forged. Some forging tests for gears were conducted and the forming load was measured to ensure the validity of the formula. The tests also revealed that the formula is suitable for forming load calculation of hot precision forging of both spur and helical gears in a wide size range.

Based on the geometric and kinematic relationship between the spiral guide rollers rib and the grinding wheel in the rib grinding with the special machine, the ribs shape surface after grinding was analysised, and the equations for the ground rib axial profile were established. Numerical analysis was conducted in an example, and the results show that the ground rib axial profile is approximately linear in most region, but seriously nonlinear in the root region of about 0.5mm height, and the profile inclination direction changes when the vertical angle of grinding wheel head is less than a value which is slightly less than the helix angle of the guide roller.

This paper presents a method of laser interference nanolithography for the formation of interference patterns on the resist using a fiber semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 405nm. In the method, surface pattern structures are fabricated through the control of the incident angles of two interfering beams, the exposure dose of laser radiation and the development time. The angle adjustment becomes more convenient and the influence of environmental variations on the system has been reduced due to the use of fiber optic components. In the work, a feature size of down to 63nm and a pattern period of 215nm were achieved. The experimental results have shown that the method can be used for low cost micro and nano fabrication of periodical surface patterns with the features of low cost, simplicity and flexibility.

In this paper, the first order buoyancy force of ferrofluid is simulated calculation under external magnetic field in ferrofluid devices. The relationship between first order buoyancy force and displacement of nonmagnetic body under different relative permeability of ferrofluid，and the relationship between first order buoyancy force and relative permeability of ferrofluid are obtained.

In this paper, the self-levitation force of ferrofluid in sensor is simulated calculation under different magnets core in ferrofluid sensor. The relationship between self-levitation force and height under different radius of magnet core, and the relationship between self-levitation height and length of magnet core are obtained.

The influence of added quantity of SiO2 micro-powder on ceramic core properties was investigated in this paper. The results show that, the quantity of added SiO2 powder has significant effect on the properties of ceramic core, and the room temperature flexural strength of ceramic core samples, sintered at 1550℃ for 4~5 hours' holding time, increases with the increasing quantity of SiO2. The room temperature flexural strength can reach 35MPa, when the amount of SiO2 powder is 15%. The XRD results show that new mullite phase was detected in the composite material, and that is the key factor that helps to increase the strength.

The roasting process of leachable alumina based ceramic core has been systematically studied in this paper, the results show that, the roasting process should be divided into two parts, i.e., dewaxing process and sintering process, and the plasticizer can be removed completely from the ceramic green body by the dewaxing process with little residue left behind. The sintering temperature and mineralizer are the decisive factors to ensure the strength of ceramic core. The apparent porosity of ceramic core will decrease obviously while the room temperature flexural strength will increase when the sintering temperature is rising. The room temperature flexural strength can exceed 14MPa when the ceramic core samples sintered at 1550℃. The ceramic core samples will present excellent comprehensive properties when the sintering temperature is 1550℃ and the added quantity of SiO2 is 8~10%, i.e., apparent porosity is 44.7~46.9%, bulk density is 1.93~1.99 g/cm3, room temperature flexural strength is 10.65~11.93MPa.

Al2O3/epoxy resin composite materials were prepared with alumina as filler in this paper, and the effects of particle size and added quantity of Al2O3 powers on the thermal conductivity of the composites have been investigated. The results show that, thermal conductivity of the composites increases with the increase of the added quantity of Al2O3 powders, and suitable particle size of alumina filler could help to form heat conductive chain which can improve the thermal conductivity of the composites effectively. The thermal conductivity could reach 0.48 W/(m•K), which is five times than that of pure epoxy resin, when the amount of alumina powders is 60% and its mean particle size is 100µm.

In this paper, based on the structural features of twin tripod sliding universal joint, by using the CAD software Pro/E technology, the author first established the three-dimensional solid model of the twin tripod sliding universal joint, then compared the kinematics analysis under the following two circumstances ,that is, with or without a clearance of kinematic pairs and obtained the kinematical regularities of various components of the twin tripod sliding universal joint, which can provide a theoretical basis for the further research of the impact of the clearance on the tripod universal joint.

This work compares two kinds of kinematics simulation of the twin tripod sliding universal joint. On the basis of the structural characteristics of the twin tripod sliding universal joint, the multi-body dynamic model was established by using the CAD software Pro/E. Track of the tripod center and a lot of analysis results are obtained, It offers the base for further research of the universal joint.

The structure and characteristic of the twin tripod sliding universal joint were studied in this paper. The degree of freedom was calculated theoretically and then the structure of this joint was improved to obtain single degree of freedom. At the same time, the degree of freedom of improved mechanisms was checked by using the CAD software Pro/E. This work offers the base for further research and development of this universal joint.

Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) ferroelectric thin films were deposited on Pt/Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) targets with 50-mm diameter and 5-mm thickness. The microstructure and ferroelectric properties of thin films were investigated. The grain growth behavior and ferroelectric properties such as remanent polarization were different in these two kinds of film, the effects of La doping in the BLT thin film were very obvious.

Two robust structure‐definedNHC‐Palladacycle complexes with N/O‐aliphatic substituents have been successfully developed, which acted as catalysts in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of various (hetero)aryl chlorides with a wide range of substrate adaptability under the aqueous and mild reaction conditions. Their structures are very similar, just like the Real and Fake Monkey King. Among them, the constrained complex exhibited higher catalytic efficiency than its flexible analogue. More information can be found in the Communication by Dong‐Yuan Yang, Qinyue Deng, Tao Tu et al.

The motion simulation of the twin tripod sliding universal joint was conducted by using the three-dimensional CAD software SolidWorks and the simulation results agree well with the theoretical studies. At the same time the visualization database offers the base for further research and development of this sort of joint.

Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 (BLT) ferroelectric thin films were deposited on Pt/Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 (x=0.5, 0.75, 1) targets with 50-mm diameter and 5-mm thickness. The effects of La contents on microstructure and ferroelectric properties of Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 thin films were investigated. The grain growth behavior and ferroelectric properties such as remanent polarization were found to be dependent on the La contents in the BLT thin films.

Numerical forecasts always have associated errors. Analog correction methods combine numerical simulations with statistical analyses to reduce model forecast errors. However, identifying appropriate analogs remains a challenging task. Here, we use the Local Dynamical Analog (LDA) method to locate analogs and correct model forecast errors. As an example, an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intermediate coupled model forecast error correction experiment confirms that the LDA method locates high quality analogs of states of interest and improves the model forecast performance, which is due to the initial and evolution information included in the LDA method. In addition, the LDA method can be applied using a scalar time series, which reduces the complexity of the dynamical system. The LDA method is a promising method to locate dynamic analogs and can be applied to existing numerical models and forecast results. Earth‐science models are important tools in the analysis of physical processes and in forecasts of future conditions. However, numerical models always contain forecast errors. Model forecast error in historical data may appear again. Thus, the historical model forecast error can be used to correct the forecast results of focused states, which can reduce the model forecast error without building the new numerical model. The key question is how to locate suitable historical model forecast errors for the focused states. In this paper, we use the Local Dynamical Analog (LDA) method to locate the model forecast error and firstly correct the model forecast results. In the ENSO prediction experiment by an intermediate coupled model, the LDA is proved the advantage over other analog‐locate methods to find analogs and improve the whole forecast skill and the ENSO event forecast. The improvement from the LDA method in the root squared mean error skill is significant, and the forecast intensity of ENSO events is closer to observation than that of the uncorrected forecast. Analogs based on historical forecast can be used to estimate model forecast error and correct model forecastsThe Local Dynamical Analog method can locate high quality analogs based on the initial and evolutional informationAnalog correction using the Local Dynamical Analog improves ENSO forecast skill, significantly in root‐mean‐squared error skill