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After entering host cells by endocytosis, influenza A virus (IAV) is transported along microfilaments and then transported by dynein along microtubules (MTs) to the perinuclear region for genome release. Understanding the mechanisms of dynein-driven transport is significant for a comprehensive understanding of IAV infection. In this work, the roles of dynactin in dynein-driven transport of IAV were quantitatively dissected in situusing quantum dot-based single-virus tracking. It was revealed that dynactin was essential for dynein to transport IAV toward the nucleus. After virus entry, virus-carrying vesicles bound to dynein and dynactin before being delivered to MTs. The attachment of dynein to the vesicles was dependent on dynactin and its subunits, p150Gluedand Arp1. Once viruses reached MTs, dynactin-assisted dynein initiates retrograde transport of IAV. Importantly, the retrograde transport of viruses could be initiated at both plus ends (32%) and other regions on MTs (68%). Subsequently, dynactin accompanied and assisted dynein to persistently transport the virus along MTs in the retrograde direction. This study revealed the dynactin-dependent dynein-driven transport process of IAV, enhancing our understanding of IAV infection and providing important insights into the cell’s endocytic transport mechanism.

Actin- and microtubule (MT)-based transport systems are essential for intracellular transport. During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, MTs provide long tracks for virus trafficking toward the nucleus. However, the role of the actin cytoskeleton in IAV entry and especially the transit process is still ambiguous. Here, by using quantum dot-based single-virus tracking, it was revealed that the actin cytoskeleton was crucial for the virus entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). After entry via CME, the virus reached MTs through three different pathways: the virus (1) was driven by myosin VI to move along actin filaments to reach MTs (AF); (2) was propelled by actin tails assembled by an Arp2/3-dependent mechanism to reach MTs (AT); and (3) directly reached MTs without experiencing actin-related movement (NA). Therefore, the NA pathway was the main one and the fastest for the virus to reach MTs. The AT pathway was activated only when plenty of viruses entered the cell. The viruses transported by the AF and AT pathways shared similar moving velocities, durations, and displacements. This study comprehensively visualized the role of the actin cytoskeleton in IAV entry and transport, revealing different pathways for IAV to reach MTs after entry. The results are of great significance for globally understanding IAV infection and the cellular endocytic transport pathway.

A systematic study of the structures and electronic properties of V2-doped silicon clusters, V2Sin–/0(n= 7–14), was carried out by anion photoelectron spectroscopic experiments combined with theoretical calculations. According to the experimental spectra of V2Sin–(n= 7–14) clusters, the V2Si12–cluster has the highest vertical detachment energy (VDE) of 3.66 eV, while V2Si7–and V2Si14–clusters have lower VDEs of 2.81 and 2.84 eV, respectively. The most stable structure searches find that two V atoms in the V2Sin–clusters with size n= 7 and 8 are located at the surface, while V2Sin–clusters with n≥ 9 prefer cage-like structures. Based on the analysis of the structural evolution of V2Sin–(n= 9–14) clusters, it can be clearly seen how the antihexagonal prism with one V encapsulated in the cage is gradually built from n= 9 to 12 and further developed from n= 12 to 14 with the extra silicon atoms located at the surface of the Si12cage. The molecular orbital and the atoms in molecule analysis of the V2Sin–(n= 7–14) anions demonstrate that the strong V–V bond and the delocalized interaction between the V2moiety and the Sinligand play a significant role in stabilizing the cluster structures. A strong linear correlation has been found between the Wiberg bond order of the V–V bond and the electron density at the V–V bond critical points.

Propylea japonica(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a natural enemy insect with a wide range of predation in Chinese mainland and is commonly used in pest management. However, its genetic pattern (i.e., genetic variation, genetic structure, and historical population dynamics) is still unclear, impeding the development of biological control of insect pests. Population genetic research has the potential to optimize strategies at different stages of the biological control processes. This study used 23 nuclear microsatellite sites and mitochondrial COI genes to investigate the population genetics of Propylea japonicabased on 462 specimens collected from 30 sampling sites in China. The microsatellite dataset showed a moderate level of genetic diversity, but the mitochondrial genes showed a high level of genetic diversity. Populations from the Yellow River basin were more genetically diverse than those in the Yangtze River basin. Propylea japonicahas not yet formed a significant genealogical structure in China, but there was a population structure signal to some extent, which may be caused by frequent gene flow between populations. The species has experienced population expansion after a bottleneck, potentially thanks to the tri-trophic plant–insect–natural enemy relationship. Knowledge of population genetics is of importance in using predators to control pests. Our study complements existing knowledge of an important natural predator in agroecosystems through estimating its genetic diversity and population differentiation and speculating about historical dynamics.

The self-potential (SP) method is one of the passive geophysical exploration techniques, which employs measurements of naturally occurring electric potential differences on the ground surface and in boreholes or (sea-)water due to causative sources from electrochemical, electrokinetic, and thermoelectric mechanisms. SP signals are directly related to groundwater flow and (electro-)chemical gradient. There has been increasing interest in the application of SP measurements in mineral exploration, environmental surveys, and hydrogeophysical problems. This review focuses primarily on the theory concerning the causative source mechanism, numerical modeling, and inversion and interpretation of SP signals related to ore bodies and applications in mineral exploration. Three field examples focusing on seafloor sulfide deposits exploration are summarized to show the application effect of SP measurements in marine mineral exploration. This study would be helpful to investigating the use of SP surveys in ore prospecting, especially in marine environments.

Here, a hexanuclear Co6(μ3-OH)6cluster-based metal–organic framework (MOF), [Co6(μ3-OH)6(BTB)2(bpy)3]n(JXNU-15) (bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine), with the 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB3–) ligand was synthesized for the challenging propadiene/propylene separation. The combination of a large pore volume and a suitable pore environment boosts the significantly high propadiene (C3H4) uptake (311 cm3g–1at 298 K and 100 kPa) for JXNU-15. An amine-functionalized MOF of JXNU-15(NH2) was further obtained with the 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene analogue of 3,3″-diamino-5′-(3-amino-4-carboxyphenyl)-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-4,4″-dicarboxylic ligand. The comparative studies of propadiene/propylene(C3H4/C3H6) separation performance between isostructural JXNU-15 and JXNU-15(NH2) are provided. JXNU-15(NH2) exhibits an impressive C3H4capacity at low pressures with 69.1 cm3g–1at 10 kPa, which is twice that of JXNU-15 under the same conditions. Moreover, the separation selectivity of JXNU-15(NH2) is 1.3-fold higher as compared to JXNU-15. JXNU-15(NH2) with enhanced C3H4/C3H6separation performance was elegantly illustrated by gas separation experiments and theoretical simulations. This work presents an amine-functionalized strategy for the enhancement of the C3H4/C3H6separation performance of MOF.

Climate change has been known to cause variations in the geographically suitable areas for the schistosome-transmitting Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis). The spread of snails not only depends on the degree of warming but also on the socioeconomic development of the next few decades. Shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) published by CMIP6 consider carbon emission pathways as well as influences of distinct types of social development and land use on the regional climate, providing the possibility to accurately evaluate the impact of socioeconomic development and climate variation on the spread of O. hupensis. This study employed SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 and the correlative approach to explore the impacts of climate change and socioeconomic development on the potential diffusion areas for O. hupensisin China. The results exhibited strong evidence that O. hupensiswill spread in the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and disappear from a small part of its current southern habitat, whereas in Sichuan and Yunnan, O. hupensismay spread slightly to the southeast. The projection also demonstrated that fossil fuel-driven development (SSP585) will be more conducive to the spread of O. hupensisbreeding sites in the 2030s, whereas the continuous increase in snail breeding habitats under the regional rivalry path (SSP370) may lead to great challenges in snail control in the long term (2020–2080).

Rice grain yield and quality declines are due to unsuitable temperatures from wide regions and various sowing dates. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature on rice yield and quality at different phenological periods and obtain suitable temperatures for phenological periods in the Yangtze River Basin, China. This study conducted experiments on different sowing dates under different areas in the Yangtze River Basin to observe and compare the differences in rice growth, yield, and quality, controlling for regional varieties. The results showed significant differences in rice growth, yield, and quality among sowing dates and areas, which were related to the average daily temperature during the vegetative period (VT) and the first 20 days of the grain-filling period (GT20). In addition, there was a smaller variation in the average daily temperature in the reproductive period (RT) than in the two phenological periods. Therefore, according to the VT and GT20 thresholds of different yields and qualities, the experimental results were divided into four scenarios (I, II, III, and IV) in this study. In Scenario I, high head rice production (rice grain yield multiplied by head rice rate) and rice quality could be obtained. The head rice production of Scenarios III and IV was lower than that of Scenario I, by 30.1 and 27.6%, respectively. In Scenario II, the head rice production increased insignificantly while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were 50.6 and 56.3% higher than those of Scenario I. In conclusion, the Scenario I combination with VT ranges of 22.8–23.9°C and GT20 ranges of 24.2–27.0°C or the combination with VT ranges of 23.9–25.3°C and GT20 ranges of 24.2–24.9°C, which can be obtained by adjusting sowing date and selecting rice varieties with suitable growth periods, is recommended to achieve high levels of rice grain yield and quality in the Yangtze River Basin.

Analyzes the formation and evolution of SEI film on Si@Graphite@C anodes by in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a novel method under different ambient temperatures.

Be aimed at the development and application of aerospace high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber felt, in this paper, as the common ceramic fiber felt in the field of high temperature resistance, quartz fiber felt, high silica fiber felt and mullite fiber felt were compared. The microstructure, thermal insulation, temperature resistance and mechanical properties were analyzed respectively, the performance advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of ceramic fiber felt were given, and its internal causes were studied. The results show that, the temperature resistance of mullite fiber felt is better than that of quartz fiber felt and high silica fiber felt, mainly due to its polycrystalline mullite structure, the thermal insulation performance of mullite fiber felt and high silica fiber felt is better than quartz fiber felt at high temperature, mainly due to the thermal reflection of polycrystalline mullite and the small pore structure of high silica fiber felt, the compressibility of quartz fiber felt is better than high silica fiber felt and mullite fiber felt.

Microtubules (MTs) are the main component of cytoskeletons, providing long tracks for cargo trafficking across the cytoplasm. In the past years, transport along MTs was frequently reported to be rapid directed motions with speeds of several micrometers per second, but is that all the truth? Using single-particle tracking, we roundly and precisely analyzed the dynamic behaviors of three kinds of cargoes transported along MTs in two types of cells. It was found that during the transport processes, the directed motions of the cargoes were frequently interrupted by nondirected motions which greatly reduced the translocation rate toward the nucleus. What is more, in addition to the widely reported rapid directed motions, a type of directed motions with most speeds below 0.5 μm/s occurred more frequently. On the whole, these slow directed motions took longer than the rapid directed motions and resulted in displacements same as those of the rapid ones. To sum up, while travelling along MTs toward the cell interior, endocytosed cargoes moved alternately in rapid-directed, slow-directed and nondirected modes. In this process, the rapid- and the slow-directed motions contributed almost equally to the cargoes’ translocation. This work provides original insights into the transport on MTs, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of intracellular trafficking.

Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) is an important crop throughout the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on potato plants during the growing season and tubers during the storage period from Nileke County, Qitai County and other locations in Xinjiang, China. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected potato plants and tubers. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity test and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, the pathogens was identified as Galactomyces candidumF12. Further study also showed that the hyphae and conidia of the pathogenic fungus grew faster as the temperature was 30°C, pH was 7, soluble starch was used as optimal carbon source and yeast powder as optimal nitrogen source. In addition, 12-h continuous illumination light was beneficial to the hyphal growth, while 24-h continuous illumination was beneficial to the sporulation of the strain at 30°C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Galactomyces candidumcausing leaf wilt and postharvest tuber rot on potato in China.

Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacteriumto soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacteriumstrains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUSgene. The results showed that Agrobacteriumstrain Ag10 at cell densities of OD600of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T0transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 µL Roundup®. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T0transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans.

Background: Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a rare autoimmune disease, and despite our knowledge of SjS, we still lack effective treatments. Chloroquine drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases are still the primary medicine for SjS but increase the risk of chloroquine retinopathy.Objectives: The objective of this study is to use Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) images to monitor the microvascular changes in the fundus of SjS patients after hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment and the feasibility of using them as diagnostic indicators.Design: This is a retrospective observational cohort study.Methods: Twelve healthy controls (HCs group; 24 eyes), 12 SjS patients (SjS group; 24 eyes), and 12 SjS patients treated with HCQ (HCQ group; 24 eyes) were recruited. Three-dimensional OCTA images of the retina were collected, and microvascular density was calculated for each eye. OCTA image segmentation for analysis was conducted using the central wheel division method (C1–C6), hemisphere segmentation method (SR, SL, IL, and IR), and the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study method (ETDRS) (R, S, L, and I).Results: Retinal microvascular density was significantly lower in the SjS patients compared to the HCs group (p< 0.05) and much lower in the HCQ group compared to the SjS patients (p< 0.05). The SjS and HCQ groups differed in the I, R, SR, IL, and IR regions in the superficial and deep retina and the S region in the superficial retina. The ROC curves of the relationship between the HCs and SjS groups and between the SjS and HCQ groups demonstrated good classification accuracy.Conclusion: HCQ may contribute significantly to the microvascular alteration in SjS. Microvascular alteration is a potential marker with adjunctive diagnostic value. The MIR and the OCTA images of I, IR, and C1 regions showed high accuracy in minoring the alteration.

Efficient detection of aberrant glycoproteins in serum is particularly important for biomarker discovery. However, direct quantitation of glycoproteins in serum remains technically challenging because of the extraordinary complexity of the serum proteome. In the current work, we proposed a straightforward and highly efficient strategy by using the nonglycopeptides releasing from the specifically enriched glycoproteins for targeted glycoprotein quantification. With this so-called nonglycopeptide-based mass spectrometry (NGP-MS) strategy, a powerful and nondiscriminatory pipeline for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) glycoprotein biomarker discovery, verification, and validation has been developed. First, a data set of 234 NGPs was strictly established for multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) quantification in serum. Second, the NGPs enriched from 20 HCC serum mixtures and 20 normal serum mixtures were labeled with mTRAQ reagents (Δ0 and Δ8, respectively) to find the differentially expressed glycoproteins in HCC. A total of 97 glycoprotein candidates were preliminarily screened and submitted for absolute quantitation with NGP-based stable-isotope-labeled (SID)-MRM in the individual samples of 38 HCC serum and 24 normal controls. Finally, 21 glycoproteins were absolutely quantified with high quality. The diagnostic sensitivity results showed that three glycoproteins, β-2-glycoprotein 1 (APOH), α-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (ORM2), and complement C3 (C3), could be used for the discrimination between HCC patients and healthy people. A novel glycoprotein biomarker panel [APOH, ORM2, C3, and α-fetoprotein (AFP)] has proven to outperform AFP, the known HCC serum biomarker, alone, in this study. We believe that this strategy and the panel of glycoproteins might hold great clinical value for HCC detection in the future.

In this paper, a new type of multi-principal component Ni5Cr4WFe9Ti pre-alloyed spherical powder was designed and prepared. The method of selective laser melting (SLM) was used to fabricate the testing coupons, so that the Ni5Cr4WFe9Ti samples were prepared successfully. The preliminary processing parameters were determined by the energy density derived from Rosenthal model, combining the different processing parameters (e.g. laser power P, scanning speed V and scan scape), and the range of optimum processing parameters was obtained by orthogonal tests. The effects of energy density on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials were studied by XRD, SEM, DSC and room temperature static tensile tests. The results showed that the materials had a single phase FCC structure with good thermal stability, the melting point was 1418.9 °C, and there is no phase transformation until 1265.9 °C. The tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity were 981MPa, 733MPa and 16.1% respectively, which increase by 31.15%, 110.03% and 69.47%, respectively comparing to the as-cast samples,. These results demonstrate that SLM provides a new path for the additive manufacturing to fabricate multi-principal component alloys.

AgBr crystals containing impurity Rh2+with and without a next nearest neighbor silver vacancy (VAg) in the [001] axis are theoretically studied. The defect structures, bandgap, Mulliken charge, density of states, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra are analysed for two distinct (i.e. tetragonally elongated and compressed) centres by using density functional theory calculations. The results demonstrate that the structural, photoelectric and spectroscopic properties of AgBr are significantly changed after Rh substitution. The covalency of Rh-Br bonds in the two centres is stronger than that of pure AgBr according to the larger magnitudes of the overlap population. Compared to pure AgBr, Rh doping also results in significantly enhanced red shifts of absorption bands in the UV-Vis region and some new d-d transitions in the visible and near-infrared regions. Meanwhile, the bandgap of Rh-doped AgBr is about 10 % narrower than that of pure AgBr. As a result, the visible light activity may be enhanced in AgBr:Rh systems. Rh dopants can induce the magnetic moments of about 1.73 μBfor both centres. Therefore, transition-metal Rh dopants may effectively modulate the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of AgBr.

This study introduces a new, more accurate instrument for measuring gas permeability in tight cores at high pressure, surpassing the accuracy of conventional methods. Using the steady-state method, the study tested the permeability of carbon dioxide (CO2) in tight cores at various pressure conditions. We observed that, similar to nitrogen, CO2permeability initially conformed to the Klinkenberg slip theory, but began to deviate as back pressure increased. Supercritical CO2exhibited a slight increase in permeability, which contrasts with both nitrogen behavior and the Klinkenberg slip theory. Accurate measurement of CO2permeability in tight rocks is crucial for assessing the feasibility and efficiency of CO2injection and storage, which could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and drive energy transformation. The innovative measurement approach can assist in identifying the ideal production pressure drops, injection pressures, and flow rate parameters, thus improving the recovery rate of tight oil reservoirs. Nevertheless, the study had some limitations, including prolonged stable flow time, lack of real-time flow rate display, and reliance on theoretical viscosity calculations, all of which could affect the accuracy of permeability measurements. Further research is needed to investigate CO2permeability under diverse conditions and to deepen our understanding of CO2transport and storage in tight cores, which could lead to improvements in CO2sequestration and the efficiency of enhanced oil recovery.

Aphis gossypiiis a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypiiin northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytband 16S gene regions of A.gossypiicollected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A.gossypiisequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China.

Foam glass is a new insulation building materials and plays an important role in building energy efficiency for its many excellent performances, such as small thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high mechanical strength. Generally, the manufacturing process of foam glass mainly can be classified into two typical processes, the waste glass recycling process and glass melting process. In this paper, the process-oriented life cycle assessment is used to quantitative analyze and evaluate the environmental load, such as energy consumption and pollutant emission of the two typical processes. The results show that the environmental load of the glass melting process takes place in two stages of the foaming and annealing, and the raw material extraction, while the waste glass recycling process mainly come from foaming and annealing. Regarding the energy consumption of foam glass, waste glass process is lower 22.4% than the glass melting process, while carbon emissions is lower 24.8%, and the comprehensive environmental impact is lower 40%. Therefore, the findings will guide and promote the new technology application for the energy saving and green technology applications in foam glass industry.

When infecting host cells, influenza virus must move on microfilaments (MFs) at the cell periphery and then move along microtubules (MTs) through the cytosol to reach the perinuclear region for genome release. But how viruses switch from the actin roadway to the microtubule highway remains obscure. To settle this issue, we systematically dissected the role of related motor proteins in the transport of influenza virus between cytoskeletal filaments in situand in real-time using quantum dot (QD)-based single-virus tracking (SVT) and multicolor imaging. We found that the switch between MF- and MT-based retrograde motor proteins, myosin VI (myoVI) and dynein, was responsible for the seamless transport of viruses from MFs to MTs during their infection. After virus entry by endocytosis, both the two types of motor proteins are attached to virus-carrying vesicles. MyoVI drives the viruses on MFs with dynein on the virus-carrying vesicle hitchhiking. After role exchanges at actin-microtubule intersections, dynein drives the virus along MTs toward the perinuclear region with myoVI remaining on the vesicle moving together. Such a “driver switchover” mechanism has answered the long-pending question of how viruses switch from MFs to MTs for their infection. It will also facilitate in-depth understanding of endocytosis.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structures and the Cu2+gfactors (gx, gyand gz) and hyperfine coupling tensor A(Ax, Ayand Az) were performed for the paddle-wheel (PW)-type binuclear copper(II) complex {Cu2(μ2-O2CCH3)4}(OCNH2CH3) powder and single crystal. Calculations were carried out with the ORCA software using the functionals BHandHlyp, B3P86 and B3LYP with five different basis sets: 6-311g, 6-311g(d,p), VTZ, def-2 and def2-TZVP. Results were tested by the MPAD analysis to find the most suitable functional and basis sets. The electronic structure and covalency between copper and oxygen were investigated by the electron localisation function and the localised orbital locator as well as the Mayer bond order for the [CuO5] group. The optical spectra were theoretically calculated by the time-dependent DFT module and plotted by the Multiwfn program for the [CuO5] group and reasonably associated with the local structure in the vicinity of the central ion copper. In addition, the interactions between the OCNH2CH3, NH3and H2O molecules and the uncoordinated PW copper(II) complex were studied, and the corresponding adsorption energies, the frequency shifts with respect to the free molecules and the changes of the Cu–Cu distances were calculated and compared with the relevant systems.

This article presents as follows the most recent progresses of our group on in-situ characterization and evaluation of the molecular mechanisms of interfacial interaction of minerals and bioleaching microorganisms. (1) By studying the speciation transformation of iron/copper/sulfur on the mineral surface, the evolution of cell surface properties and EPS composition, the evolution of microbial community structure, and the evolution of expression of key oxidase genes during bioleaching, to characterize the adaptation process and therein the effects of it on the specific sulfur oxidation efficiency of bioleaching; (2) by in-situ characterization of the evolution of chalcopyrite surface microstructure, chemical speciation and the biofilm formation, to illustrate the specific adsorption and the relationship between cell growth/biofilm formation and the structure and speciation on the defect mineral surface; (3) by studying the utilization, transformation and activation of S0, which is one of the major intermediates during bioleaching, and the distribution of extracellular thiol groups and iron speciation, to evaluate in situ the sulfur activation mechanism; and (4) by comparative proteomics study of the extracellular and outmembrane proteins and looking up the genome sequence, to screen sulfur activation/transportation relevant proteins and genes.

Foam glass was widely used as a green energy saving material with good performances of light, thermal insulation and sound absorption. Using waste glass as raw material for foam glass production, can not only turn waste into treasure and reduce resource consumption, but also protect the environment. In this article, the foam glass which produced in Jiaxing, China was studied based on the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), and the resources, the energy consumption and the emission of pollutants at the same time were evaluated. The results show that the characterization value of GWP is the largest. The foaming stage is the main contributor which accounts for 79.7%. Similarly, the foaming stage is the major contributor to AP, POCP, EP and HTP .The characterization value of ADP is the smallest. The foaming stage and annealing stage is the main contributor to ADP which account for 43.0%, 49.7% respectively. It has been found that the foaming stage makes the most contribution to the environmental impact. AP, GWP, POCP and EP of the foaming stage are extremely prominent compared to other stages. The authors used the methods of equal weight coefficient and AHP to weight the single indicator. The results show that the environment impact caused by the foaming stage is the largest, then grinding stage and cutting stage follow behind. The environment impact caused by the transportation stage is the smallest.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of ore particle size on the bioleaching of Yulong copper ore in the bench-scale columns using the mixed culture of moderately thermophilic microorganisms. Bioleaching experiments were carried out on particle sizes of 5-10, 10-15 and 15-25mm in the same kind of column reactors. In the control test of acid leaching, the column reactor was charged with the middle particle size (10-15mm). The results indicated that copper extraction in the column reactor with particle size of 5-10 mm was highest among the three particle sizes. After 110-days leaching, 89% of copper was leached at 5-10 mm particle size while 57% was extracted at 15-25 mm particle size and 80% at 10-15 mm. Under the same particle size (10-15 mm), copper recovery in the column reactor with inoculation of microorganisms was 25% higher in comparison to the control test of acid leaching, while sulfuric acid consumption was 33% less than that.

A series of 4-substituted-phenoxy-benzamide derivatives bearing an aryl cycloaliphatic amine moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Three compounds were further examined for their hedgehog pathway inhibition.

Heparin and low molecular weight heparin have been used widely in clinical therapy as anticoagulants in cardiovascular disease and in hemodialysis. Crude heparin is usually prepared from porcine intestinal mucosa. Purified heparin is a mixture of polysaccharides consisting mainly of repeating GlcNS(6S)-IdoA2S disaccharides and other disaccharides with different GlcNAc/GlcNS±3S±6S-GlcA/IdoA±2S residues. Heparin injections are prepared by purification and then sterilization of ungraded heparin. Low molecular weight heparins are dominant heparin-based drugs used clinically, which are prepared by degrading heparin into smaller molecules. As a result, low molecular weight heparins share the same major disaccharides with heparin, but may have different reducing and non-reducing ends due to different preparation methods. In the current study, we analyzed the disaccharide composition of clinically used heparin and heparin-based drugs. Heparinase I, II and III were used to degrade all heparin and heparin-based drugs including heparin sodium injection, Enoxaparin sodium injection, Nadroparin calcium injection, Dalteparin sodium injection, and Fondaparinux sodium injection into disaccharides. All the degraded products were analyzed by strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) equipped with an online UV-detector. Commercially available unsaturated disaccharide standards were then used for structural identification. Furthermore, unusual disaccharides present in Nadroparin, Dalteparin and Fondaparinux were confirmed by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. The developed method produced detailed structural information, which should be useful for quality control of heparin and heparin-based drugs.

Soybean is a widely planted genetically modified crop around the world. However, it is still one of the most recalcitrant crops for genetic transformation due to the difficulty of regeneration viaorganogenesis and some factors that affect the transformation efficiency. The percentages of resistant bud formation and transient expression efficiency are important indexes reflecting the regeneration and transformation efficiency of soybean. In this study, the percentages of resistant bud formation and transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) were compared after treatment with sonication or surfactant and co-treatment with both. The results showed that treatment with either sonication or surfactant increased the percentage of resistant bud formation and transient expression efficiency. The highest percentages were acquired and significantly improved when cotyledon node explants were co-treated with sonication for 2 s and surfactant at 0.02% (v:v) using two different soybean genotypes, Jack and Zhonghuang 10. The improved transformation efficiency of this combination was also evaluated by development of herbicide-tolerant soybeans with transformation efficiency at 2.5–5.7% for different genotypes, which was significantly higher than traditional cotyledonary node method in this study. These results suggested that co-treatment with surfactant and sonication significantly improved the percentages of resistance bud formation, transient expression efficiency and stable transformation efficiency in soybean.

The feasibility of one strategy of bioaugmentation was assessed to enhance copper extraction from chalcopyrite. Bioaugmentation consisted of the re-addition of one iron/sulfur oxidizing acidophile (Acidithiobacillus caldus, Ferroplasma thermophilum or Leptospirillum ferriphilum) into the early stage (on the 5th day) of the bioleaching system. The strain selection and inoculum concentration of bioaugmentation were separately investigated by comparing changes in the bioleaching performance and leached solid residues. Results indicated that bioaugmentation with three augmented strains synergistically promoted the total microbial growth and increased the cell numbers, and then accelerated the iron/sulfur oxidation, thereby catalytically regenerated the copper leaching agents of Fe3+ and H+ compared to the unamended control. Finally, an enhancement in copper extraction was detected and moreover positively correlated with the introducing cell numbers. Particularly, re-addition of L. ferriphilum on the 5th day showed the best improvement in copper leaching, which remarkably shortened the incubation time (12 days) of almost full copper extraction while only 85.8% of copper was leached after 24 days in the control. Therefore, bioaugmentation could be a useful bio-remedy to improve the bioleaching kinetics and level of copper ore.

Cistanches Herba, known as “Ginseng of the desert”, is authenticated from the dried succulent stems of Cistanche deserticolaand Cistanche tubulosa. As a famous remedy in China for tonic the kidney, it is used to treat “kidney-deficiency syndrome”-induced diseases such as infertility, forgetfulness, hearing lost, chronic constipation, etc‥ As various biological activities, including anti-aging, antioxidant, estrogenic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-inflammation effects, have been discovered, here we reviewed Cistanches Herbain biological characteristics, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities.

In this paper, flue gas denitration technology in the application of small and medium sized coal-fired industrial boilers are analyzed and discussed. To 65t/h CFB(Circulating Fluidized Bed) industrial boiler, study small and medium sized coal-fired industrial boilers flue gas SNCR denitration technology solutions, and analyzes economic and environmental benefits for small and medium sized coal-fired industrial boilers flue gas SNCR denitration technology.

Research was conducted on the optimal selection of foundation improvement methods in the paper. Based on fuzzy optimization theory, four evaluation criteria such as construction time are used to evaluate the five improvement methods. The relative optimal degree 0.798 of dynamic-static consolidation method is the maximum which shows that the dynamic-static method is the optimal one; relative optimal degree and multi-evaluating criteria are used to evaluate multi-goals in the fuzzy optimization theory which will lead to the high optimal reliability result.