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We evaluated the efficacy of non-invasive renal Doppler ultrasound (US) to detect the nut-cracker phenomenon (NCP) and we studied the prevalence of NCP in children with orthostatic proteinuria.

In rapid thermal processing (RTP) of semiconductor wafers precise control of wafer temperature is required throughout the process cycle to minimize dopant redistribution as well as wafer warpage. A low-dimensional dynamic model of RTP of semiconductor wafers is derived by using the Karhunen−Loève−Galerkin procedure (Park, H. M.; Cho, D. H. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1996, 51, 81) to implement efficiently the optimal control scheme which ensures the transient temperature uniformity in RTP systems. The optimal control scheme employing the low-dimensional dynamic model is compared with the conventional method using the original partial differential equation and is found to be very efficient without losing accuracy.

High-speed mesa type SAGCM avalanche photodiodes for 2.5 Gb s-1 optical receivers have been realized for the first time. The device is designed by dimensional analysis based on the electric field distribution in a multiplication layer and a charge plate layer. Very low dark current and high gain are obtained with an active region of 30 µm diameter. From the 1.55 µm wavelength 2.488 Gb s-1 transmission experiment, sensitivity of-33.6 dBm is measured using pseudorandom (223–1) NRZ patterns.

The preparation of the azulene derivatives (VII)‐(X) is reported.

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