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•This study developed an integrative approach for continuum of urbanity mapping.•Urbanity mapping discovers urbanized areas’ complexity, diffuseness, diversity, and connectivity.•Urbanity mapping captures the livelihoods, lifestyles, and connectivity.•Urbanity extends beyond urban areas and into rural areas.

Described here is a visible-light-promoted cascade carboxylation/arylation of indole-tethered unactivated alkenes with CO2to access various carboxylated indole-fused heterocycles. This reaction is initiated by the addition of a CO2radical anion to the alkene motif toward an alkyl carbon radical, followed by its addition to the aromatic ring, and then rearomatization to afford the final products. This reaction provides a facile and sustainable protocol for the construction of carboxylated indole-fused heterocycles using CO2as the carboxylic source.

Coupling two magnetic anisotropic lanthanide ions via a direct covalent bond is an effective way to realize high magnetization blocking temperature of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) by suppressing quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM), whereas so far only single-electron lanthanide–lanthanide bonds with relatively large bond distances are stabilized in which coupling between lanthanide and the single electron dominates over weak direct 4f–4f coupling. Herein, we report for the first time synthesis of short Dy(II)–Dy(II) single bond (3.61 Å) confined inside a carbon cage in the form of an endohedral metallofullerene Dy2@C82. Such a direct Dy(II)–Dy(II) covalent bond renders a strong Dy–Dy antiferromagnetic coupling that effectively quenches QTM at zero magnetic field, thus opening up magnetic hysteresis up to 25 K using a field sweep rate of 25 Oe/s, concomitant with a high 100 s magnetization blocking temperature (TB,100s) of 27.2 K.

The market development trend of foldable AMOLED screen is introduced in the article, and then the core links of the industry chain of foldable mobile phones is drawn off. Furthermore, that improving the bending ability is an urgent problem to be solved in achieving lightweight is proposed. Based on this demand, a specific structural scheme and a complete set of bending ability evaluation methods to achieve lightweight affect are put forward. By combining bending simulation and product failure test, the mechanism is analyzed, and also, the main and secondary factor affecting bending ability are proposed. After that, a standardized improvement system for bending ability, including optimization of membrane quality, structural optimization, and process optimization, is validated and applied. On condition that an average bending radius of 1.5mm for Panel and 1.3mm for MDL are achieved ultimately, that has reached the international leading level. Moreover, based on the stress simulation research, a nonlinear model relationship between the strain of the TLD film layer (SiNx) and the clamp distance, which is a key factor affecting the bending ability and can predict the bending ability, is established. Finally, the future development direction and research direction of improving the bending ability of foldable AMOLED screen are prospected.

The market development trend of foldable AMOLED screen is introduced in the article, and then the core links of the industry chain of foldable mobile phones is drawn off. Furthermore, that improving the bending ability is an urgent problem to be solved in achieving lightweight is proposed. Based on this demand, a specific structural scheme and a complete set of bending ability evaluation methods to achieve lightweight affect are put forward. By combining bending simulation and product failure test, the mechanism is analyzed, and also, the main and secondary factor affecting bending ability are proposed. After that, a standardized improvement system for bending ability, including optimization of membrane quality, structural optimization, and process optimization, is validated and applied. On condition that an average bending radius of 1.5mm for Panel and 1.3mm for MDL are achieved ultimately, that has reached the international leading level. Moreover, based on the stress simulation research, a nonlinear model relationship between the strain of the TLD film layer (SiNx) and the clamp distance, which is a key factor affecting the bending ability and can predict the bending ability, is established. Finally, the future development direction and research direction of improving the bending ability of foldable AMOLED screen are prospected.

Disclosed here is a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular sequential α-aminomethyl/carboxylative dearomatization of indoles with CO2and α-aminoalkyl radical precursors, affording a series of functionalized indoline-3-carboxylic acids and lactams in good yields with high regioselectivity. This multicomponent reaction provides a green and facile method for the synthesis of diverse functionalized indolines by using CO2as the carboxylic and carbonyl source.

Background: The relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), and mortality in patients with asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between FFMI and FMI and all-cause mortality in a cohort of American adults diagnosed with asthma. Methods: This study included 15,200 adults from NHANES. To assess mortality, we linked participant records to the National Death Index. FMI and FFMI were measured and evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Survival differences across quintiles of FFMI and FMI were explored using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests, with the proportional hazards assumption assessed using Schoenfeld residuals. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with FFMI and FMI, adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and other relevant factors. Additionally, stratified analyses based on theoretical considerations were conducted to identify subgroups of individuals exhibiting an elevated risk of mortality. This study also examined the nonlinear relationships between FFMI, FMI, and mortality using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Results: After a median follow-up of 184 months, 12.11% of individuals had died. Kaplan-Meier plots revealed significant differences in all-cause mortality among patients with asthma across the FFMI and FMI quintiles. Specifically, individuals in the lowest FFMI quintile (Q1, 10.4–16.0, representing the range of FFMI values) exhibited a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.59, 13.5; p< 0.01). Similarly, elevated risks of all-cause mortality were observed in the upper three quintiles of FMI, with Q3 (4.8–6.1) having an HR of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.20, 7.00; p< 0.05), Q4 (6.2–8.3) having an HR of 3.37 (95% CI: 1.41, 8.03; p< 0.01), and Q5 (8.4–22.8) having an HR of 4.6 (95% CI: 1.31, 16.2; p< 0.05). Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with increasing FMI and decreasing FFMI (pfor non-linearity < 0.001 in both cases). Subgroup analyses further elucidated these associations across different categories. In examining the association between FMI and all-cause mortality among asthma patients across various subgroups, a heightened mortality risk found among males, individuals with medium education levels, medium income levels, and those who consume alcohol. Conclusions: The study shows that both high FMI and low FFMI are associated with increased mortality in patients with asthma. These findings underscore the critical role of FMI and FFMI in the health management of asthma patients. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians proactively monitor and adjust these indices to improve patient prognosis and enhance health outcomes for individuals with asthma. .

Antibiotic residues in reservoirs threatens ecosystems and human health. Whereas numerous studies have been conducted on their occurrence and distribution, overall quantitative and comparative analysis of antibiotic contamination in reservoirs is challenging due to scattered data and scale differences. Here, we integrate antibiotic data from 520 samples in 80 reservoirs and provide an overview of the distribution, determinants, and potential risks of these emerging contaminants in reservoirs at a cross-continental scale. A total of 69 antibiotics were detected in reservoirs, with sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and β-lactams occurring more frequently. Concentration and type of antibiotics varied among continents and reservoirs between data generated from sediment and water. Geographic location, seasonal variation, artificial impervious area around the reservoir, reservoir characteristics, and water quality also influenced reservoir antibiotic distributions. These factors enhanced the explanatory power of antibiotic distribution through linear or non-linear interactions. Cumulative risk for 44 antibiotics in reservoirs is low, but it is essential to further assess the environmental behavior and integrated risk of antibiotics from an interdisciplinary perspective and at the human-food chain-ecosystem interface, particularly antibiotic resistance under “One Health” framework.

Despite decades of efforts, the actinide–carbon triple bond has remained an elusive target, defying synthesis in any isolable compound. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of uranium–carbon triple bonds in carbide-bridged bimetallic [U≡C–Ce] units encapsulated inside the fullerene cages of C72and C78. The molecular structures of UCCe@C2nand the nature of the U≡C triple bond were characterized through X-ray crystallography and various spectroscopic analyses, revealing very short uranium–carbon bonds of 1.921(6) and 1.930(6) Å, with the metals existing in their highest oxidation states of +6 and +4 for uranium and cerium, respectively. Quantum-chemical studies further demonstrate that the C2ncages are crucial for stabilizing the [UVI≡C–CeIV] units through covalent and coordinative interactions. This work offers a new fundamental understanding of the elusive uranium–carbon triple bond and informs the design of complexes with similar bonding motifs, opening up new possibilities for creating distinctive molecular compounds and materials.

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are sub-nano carbon materials with diverse applications, yet their formation mechanism, particularly for metastable isomers, remains ambiguous. The current theoretical methods focus mainly on the most stable isomers, leading to limited predictability of metastable ones due to their low stabilities and yields. Herein, we report the successful isolation and characterization of two metastable EMFs, Sc2C2@C1(39656)-C82and Sc2C2@C1(51383)-C84, which violate the isolated pentagon rule (IPR). These two non-IPR EMFs exhibit a rare case of planar and pennant-like Sc2C2clusters, which can be considered hybrids of the common butterfly-shaped and linear configurations. More importantly, the theoretical results reveal that despite being metastable, these two non-IPR EMFs survived as the products from their most stable precursors, Sc2C2@C2v(5)-C80and Sc2C2@Cs(6)-C82, via a C2insertion during the post-formation annealing stages. We propose a systematic theoretical method for predicting metastable EMFs during the post-formation stages. The unambiguous molecular-level structural evidence, combined with the theoretical calculation results, provides valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of EMFs, shedding light on the potential of post-formation mechanisms as a promising approach for EMF synthesis.

The present study aims to investigate the effect and its potential mechanism of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on cognitive function in vascular dementia (VD) rats. The VD rats with the cognitive impairment were induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), and the ones in the moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group and HIIT group received MICT or HIIT for 5 consecutive weeks, respectively. The swimming speed, endurance, and grip strength of rats were all measured after training. The effect and mechanisms of HIIT on ameliorating the cognitive dysfunction were further evaluated by the Morris water maze test, histomorphological analysis, and Western blot analysis. As a result, no significant difference in motor function between VD rats and sham rats was observed. After 5-week HIIT, the motor function of VD rats was significantly enhanced. The results of the Morris water maze test revealed that HIIT significantly reduced escape latency as well as distance to find the platform compared with the sedentary control group (SED group), indicating the improvement in cognitive function. In addition, the hippocampal tissue damage of VD rats measured by H&E staining was markedly ameliorated after 5-week HIIT. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression level in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue detected by Western blot were significantly up-regulated in HIIT group compared to SED group and MICT group. In conclusion, HIIT can improve BCCAO-induced cognitive impairment via up-regulating BDNF expression in VD rats.

Herein, we performed the reactions of M3N@Ih-C80(M = Sc and Lu) with the methanol (CH3OH) solution of TBAOH (note that both CH3O–and OH–are nucleophiles) in benzonitrile (PhCN) and dimethylformamide, respectively. It is found that OH–ions rather than CH3O–ions selectively attacked the fullerene cage to form the M3N@C80––O–intermediate. Although the fullerene cage is initially attacked by OH–in both PhCN and DMF solvents, the products are quite different. In PhCN, two isomeric Sc3N@Ih-C80fullerooxazoline heterocyclic products (1and 2) were synthesized. Whereas, in DMF, an epoxide of Lu3N@Ih-C80(3) was obtained. The preference for fullerooxazoline formation over that of fullerene epoxy in PhCN is well explained by density functional theory calculations. Plausible reaction mechanisms for the formation of metallofullerene oxazoline and epoxide were proposed based on the experimental and theoretical results.

The development trend of flexible AMOLED mobile is introduced in this paper, and the key optical problems to be solved in AMOLED display are clarified. Then, based on the urgency of solving the high brightness mode uniformity problem, a complete set of test methods and evaluation system for flexible AMOLED mobile are proposed. According to the principle of flexible AMOLED light‐emitting structure, the mechanism of high brightness mode uniformity problem is analyzed. What's more, the IR Drop model is proposed, at the same times, the effects of key factors such as SD Al thickness, dual Vdd SD and A.R. on Vdd and Vss voltage drop are simulated. After mass production verification of multiple models, the linkage scheme including backplane circuit, EL device and module algorithm for high brightness mode uniformity problem is proposed creatively. After application, The results show that △ u‵v‵‐A 0.003,△ u‵v‵‐B 0.002, DeltaC 1.9, DeltaE 2 and LU 95% on the basis of a 6.7inch FHD product, which represents the leading level in domestic market as well as provides a reference idea for the AMOLED display performance.

The chemistry of f-block metal–carbon multiple bonds is underdeveloped compared to well-established carbene complexes of the d-block transition metals. Herein, we report two new actinide-rare earth mixed metal carbides and nitrogen carbide cluster fullerenes, USc2C2@D5h(6)-C80and USc2NC@D5h(6)-C80, which contain U–C bonds with triple bond character and were successfully synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry, UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations. Crystallographic studies show that the two previously unreported clusters, USc2C2and USc2NC, are stabilized in the D5h(6)-C80carbon cage and adopt unique trifoliate configurations, in which C2/NC units are almost vertically inserted into the plane defined by the U and two Sc atoms. Combined experimental and theoretical studies further reveal the bonding structure of USc2C2and USc2NC, which contain C═U(VI)═C and C═U(V)═N bonding motifs. The electronic structures of the two compounds are determined as U6+(Sc2)6+(C4–)2@D5h(6)-C804–and U5+(Sc2)6+(N)3–(C)4–@D5h(6)-C804–, respectively. Quantum-chemical studies confirm that the U–C bonds in both molecules show unprecedented multicenter triple-bond character. The discovery of this unique U–C multiple bond offers a deeper understanding of the fundamentals of uranium chemistry.

The mechanochemical cascade reaction of [60]fullerene with 3-benzylidene succinimides, diethyl 2-benzylidene succinate, or 2-benzylidene succinonitrile in the presence of an inorganic base has been investigated under solvent-free and ball-milling conditions. This protocol provides an expedient method to afford various [60]fullerene-fused cyclopentanes, showing advantages of good substrate scope, short reaction time, and solvent-free and ambient reaction conditions. Furthermore, representative fullerene products have been applied in inverted planar perovskite solar cells as efficient cathode interlayers.

Influenced by the great success of deep learning via cloud computing and the rapid development of edge chips, research in artificial intelligence (AI) has shifted to both of the computing paradigms, i.e., cloud computing and edge computing. In recent years, we have witnessed significant progress in developing more advanced AI models on cloud servers that surpass traditional deep learning models owing to model innovations (e.g., Transformers, Pretrained families), explosion of training data and soaring computing capabilities. However, edge computing, especially edge and cloud collaborative computing, are still in its infancy to announce their success due to the resource-constrained IoT scenarios with very limited algorithms deployed. In this survey, we conduct a systematic review for both cloud and edge AI. Specifically, we are the first to set up the collaborative learning mechanism for cloud and edge modeling with a thorough review of the architectures that enable such mechanism. We also discuss potentials and practical experiences of some on-going advanced edge AI topics including pretraining models, graph neural networks and reinforcement learning. Finally, we discuss the promising directions and challenges in this field.

Reductive leaching of high-iron bearing zinc leaching residue (HIZLR) by zinc sulfide concentrate to extract indium and its further selective separation from the leachate were studied. The results indicated that over 95% of indium extraction was achieved at particle sizes of 74−105 μm, reaction temperature of 90 °C, leaching time of 300 min and sulfuric acid concentration of 1.4 mol/L. The leaching kinetics was analyzed by the shrinking core model, and the leaching data from various experimental conditions indicated that the reactions were controlled by the diffusion through the solid product layer with an activation energy of 17.96 kJ/mol. The order of the reaction with respect to the sulfuric acid concentration was determined to be 2.41. Over 99% of copper and arsenic were coprecipitated in the cementation of copper with iron powder. More than 98% of indium was selectively separated from zinc sulfate solution with high ferrous ion content, and the indium-rich precipitate, which had an indium content of approximately 2.4%, could be further treated by the acid leaching−solvent extraction−electrowinning process to produce pure indium.

Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), estimating changes in the brain interaction, has been employed as a sensitive biomarker for identifying neurological and psychological disorders. Deep learning is frequently used method for the analysis of dFC, but it is unfortunately unexplainable and computational expensive. A root mean square (rms) value is also proposed but may be insufficient for a complete characterization of the dFC. This study aims at investigating the feasibility of several novel features for dFC analysis. Two public datasets were used, i.e., a rest-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset containing healthy controls (HCs) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and an electroencephalography (EEG) dataset containing two motor imagery tasks (cylindrical and lumbrical grasping). The dFC was estimated using the Pearson’s correlation with a sliding window. Ten features were extracted from pairwise Pearson’s correlation of the dFC. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to each feature calculated from the two classes of each dataset. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the discrimination power of each feature. Our results show that 6014 out of 66700 features are significantly different between HC and AD, and 6670 out of 17700 features between cylindrical and lumbrical grasping. The maximum AUCs for individual features are 0.69 and 0.65 for the fMRI and EEG datasets, respectively. These results confirm that, in addition to rms, other categories of features contribute also significantly to the analysis of dFC.

Timely and accurate cellular traffic prediction is difficult to achieve due to the complex spatial-temporal characteristics of cellular traffic. The latest approaches mainly aim to model local spatial-temporal dependencies of cellular traffic based on deep learning techniques but lack the consideration of diverse global spatial-temporal correlations hidden in cellular traffic. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel multi-view spatial-temporal graph network (MVSTGN), which combines attention and convolution mechanisms into traffic pattern analysis, enabling the comprehensive excavation of spatial-temporal characteristics. Specifically, the MVSTGN realizes the above statement from three spatial-temporal views: 1) From a global spatial view, two spatial attention modules are proposed to capture the global spatial correlations between different regions at node and trend levels; 2) From a global temporal view, a temporal attention module is employed to capture and encode global temporal correlations between traffic at different times; 3) From a local spatial-temporal view, a dense convolution module is developed to further excavate the local spatial-temporal dependencies in cellular traffic. Consequently, a successful cellular traffic prediction strategy is constructed to fully explore the spatial-temporal characteristics from multiple views. The experimental results on a popular real-world cellular traffic dataset demonstrate that the MVSTGN achieves obvious improvements over baselines.

Objective: Capacitive electrocardiography (cECG) has been proposed for ambulatory cardiac health monitoring. However, due to the high sensitivity of capacitive electrodes to various noise sources, particularly the power-line interference (PLI) and motion artifacts (MA), the existing capacitive systems are only verified in terms of RR interval. The aim of the present study is to explore the feasibility of using cECG for morphological analysis, and thus to extract clinical meaningful parameters. Methods: A capacitive electrode with active guarding is realized. A phase-locked-loop (PLL) based adaptive canceller is employed to remove PLI from the cECG. Wavelet analysis is adopted to cancel other noises. The developed capacitive system and algorithms are evaluated by real ECG measurements on 7 volunteers using 3-lead configuration. The correlation coefficient (CC) between the processed cECG and the wet ECG is calculated in two different conditions: with and without the QRS complex. Several frequently used diagnostic parameters, i.e., RR interval, QRS interval, P segment, T segment, ST segment, are extracted and compared with that obtained from the wet ECG. Results: High CCs are observed between the cECG and the wet ECG in both conditions, i.e., $0.97\pm 0.03$ with the QRS complex and $0.92\pm 0.07$ without the QRS complex. Besides, RR interval extracted from the two different ECG signals are identical for each subject. Other diagnostic parameters are quite similar. Significance: Our results suggest cECG to be reliable for ambulatory heart rate monitoring. The results also indicate the feasibility of using cECG for clinical diagnosis.

Azafullerenes derived from nitrogen substitution of carbon cage atoms render direct modifications of the cage skeleton, electronic, and physicochemical properties of fullerene. Gas-phase ionized monometallic endohedral azafullerene (MEAF) [La@C81N]+formed via fragmentation of a La@C82monoadduct was detected in 1999, but the pristine MEAF has never been synthesized. Here, we report the synthesis, isolation, and characterization of the first pristine MEAF La@C81N, tackling the two-decade challenge. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that La@C81N has an 82-atom cage with a pseudo C3v(8) symmetry. According to DFT computations, the nitrogen substitution site within the C82cage is proposed to locate at a hexagon/hexagon/pentagon junction far away from the encapsulated La atom. La@C81N exists in stable monomer form with a closed-shell electronic state, which is drastically different from the open-shell electronic state of the original La@C82. Our breakthrough in synthesizing a new type of azafullerene offers a new insight into the skeletal modification of fullerenes.

Chickens exhibit extensive genetic diversity and are distributed worldwide. Different chicken breeds have evolved to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. However, research on the genetic mechanisms underlying chicken adaptation to extreme environments, such as tropical, frigid and drought-prone regions, remains limited. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 240 individuals from six native chicken breeds in Xinjiang, China, as well as 4 publicly available chicken breeds inhabiting regions with varying annual precipitations, temperatures, and altitudes. Our analysis revealed several genetic variants among the examined breeds. Furthermore, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of breeds residing in extreme drought and temperature environments by comparing them. Notably, native chicken breeds exhibited different genetic diversity and population structures. Moreover, we identified candidate genes associated with chicken adaptability to the environment, such as CORO2A, CTNNA3, AGMO, GRID2, BBOX1, COL3A1, INSR, SOX5, MAP2and PLPPR1. Additionally, pathways such as lysosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and Wnt signaling may be play crucial roles in regulating chicken adaptation to drought environments. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing chicken adaptation to extreme environments, and also offer insights for enhancing the resilience of chicken breeds to different climatic conditions.

In-memory computing provides an opportunity to meet the growing demands of large data-driven applications such as machine learning, by colocating logic operations and data storage. Despite being regarded as the ultimate solution for high-density integration and low-power manipulation, the use of spin or electric dipole at the single-molecule level to realize in-memory logic functions has yet to be realized at room temperature, due to their random orientation. Here, we demonstrate logic-in-memory operations, based on single electric dipole flipping in a two-terminal single-metallofullerene (Sc2C2@Cs(hept)-C88) device at room temperature. By applying a low voltage of ±0.8 V to the single-metallofullerene junction, we found that the digital information recorded among the different dipole states could be reversibly encoded in situ and stored. As a consequence, 14 types of Boolean logic operation were shown from a single-metallofullerene device. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the non-volatile memory behaviour comes from dipole reorientation of the [Sc2C2] group in the fullerene cage. This proof-of-concept represents a major step towards room-temperature electrically manipulated, low-power, two-terminal in-memory logic devices and a direction for in-memory computing using nanoelectronic devices.