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Here, we report an intermolecular carboacylation of terminal alkynes with tertiary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates as well as acyl chlorides via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis, affording a varity of stereodefined trisubstituted enones in good to excellent yields and Estereoselectivity, through a radical relay process. This redox-neutral protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, exclusive regio- and stereoselectivity, and broad compatibility with various acyl chlorides and alkyltrifluoroborates.

Accurately determining the timing of hydrothermal mineralization for sediment-hosted disseminated gold (SHDG) deposits is difficult because of a lack of both suitable chronometers and in situ techniques with the required spatial resolution and precision. The lack of precise age determinations on gold deposits has hindered understanding of their genesis and relation to the geodynamic setting. The Qiuling-Jinlongshan deposit is a typical SHDG deposit located in the eastern South Qinling Orogen (SQO), with 109 t Au at an average grade of 6.17 g/t. Devonian and Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks host structurally controlled gold mineralization, which is associated with silica-carbonate alteration. Pyrite, arsenopyrite, and arsenian pyrite are major gold carriers, and gold also occurs as native gold grains and invisible gold in the sulfides. In this study, the well-defined hydrothermal overgrowth rims (~2 μm) of single monazite grains, associated with disseminated auriferous arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite in low-grade metasedimentary rocks, yield U-Pb ages of 239 ± 13 Ma (2σ) by high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The hydrothermal monazites are cogenetic to the primary gold mineralization where they are closely associated with gold-bearing sulfides. This new age implies that the early to middle Triassic mineralization event in the eastern SQO was related to the Triassic tectonic transition from compression to transpression in the Qinling Orogen after the closure of the Mianlue Ocean. This study highlights the 2-μm high spatial resolution SIMS monazite U-Th-Pb dating method as a powerful tool for determining the timing of SHDG deposits worldwide. It is crucial to examine monazite textures and their link to hydrothermal alteration before carrying out the isotopic dating of monazite.

Two sulfur-containing heterodimers of a cytochalasan and a macrolide, sucurchalasins A and B (1and 2), and four known cytochalasan monomers (3–6), as well as four known macrolide derivatives (7–10), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus spelaeusGDGJ-286. Sucurchalasins A and B (1and 2) are the first cytochalasan heterodimers formed via a thioether bridge between cytochalasan and curvularin macrolide units. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR, LC-MS/MS, and X-ray crystallography. In bioassays, 1and 2exhibited cytotoxic effects on A2780 cells, with IC50values of 3.9 and 8.3 μM, respectively. They also showed antibacterial activities against E. faecalisand B. subtiliswith MIC values of 3.1 and 6.3 μg/mL, respectively.

A novel photoredox/nickel dual catalytic intermolecular alkylarylation of vinylarenes with tertiary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates and aryl bromides is described, which affords 1,1-diarylalkane frameworks that are found in various natural products as well as functionalized molecules in good to excellent yield and regioselectivity through a radical relay process. Notably, this redox-neutral reaction could proceed efficiently with good tolerance of various substrates, including a great diversity of commercially available (hetero)aryl bromides, alkyltrifluoroborates, and vinylarenes.

Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) images significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosing focal liver lesions (FLLs), the administration of contrast agents imposes a considerable physical burden on patients. The utilization of generative models to synthesize CE-CT images from non-contrasted CT images offers a promising solution. However, existing image synthesis models tend to overlook the importance of critical regions, inevitably reducing their effectiveness in downstream tasks. To overcome this challenge, we propose an innovative CE-CT image synthesis model called Segmentation Guided Crossing Dual Decoding Generative Adversarial Network (SGCDD-GAN). Specifically, the SGCDD-GAN involves a crossing dual decoding generator including an attention decoder and an improved transformation decoder. The attention decoder is designed to highlight some critical regions within the abdominal cavity, while the improved transformation decoder is responsible for synthesizing CE-CT images. These two decoders are interconnected using a crossing technique to enhance each other's capabilities. Furthermore, we employ a multi-task learning strategy to guide the generator to focus more on the lesion area. To evaluate the performance of proposed SGCDD-GAN, we test it on an in-house CE-CT dataset. In both CE-CT image synthesis tasks–namely, synthesizing ART images and synthesizing PV images–the proposed SGCDD-GAN demonstrates superior performance metrics across the entire image and liver region, including SSIM, PSNR, MSE, and PCC scores. Furthermore, CE-CT images synthetized from our SGCDD-GAN achieve remarkable accuracy rates of 82.68%, 94.11%, and 94.11% in a deep learning-based FLLs classification task, along with a pilot assessment conducted by two radiologists.

Spherical micro-Ti particle (TiP)-reinforced AZ91 magnesium alloy composites were fabricated by semi-solid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration, which were then subjected to hot extrusion. The microstructure results showed that the addition of Ti particles refined the grain size and decreased the texture intensity of the as-extruded AZ91 alloy. An Al3Ti phase with a thickness of 100 nm formed at the Ti/Mg interface, which had a non-coherent relationship with the magnesium matrix. The as-extruded 1 vol.% TiP/AZ91 composite exhibited the best comprehensive mechanical properties, with yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at break of 366 MPa, 456 MPa, and 14.6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the AZ91 alloy. Therefore, the addition of Ti particles can improve the strength and ductility of the AZ91 alloy, demonstrating the value of magnesium matrix composites for commercial applications.

The influence of Al alloying on the microstructures and the mechanical properties of Mg–xAl–1Sn–0.3Mn alloy sheets was investigated. The microstructure of Mg–xAl–1Sn–0.3Mn consisted of α-Mg and Mg17Al12precipitates. Alloying with Al increased the amount of Mg17Al12and the average grain size. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out along the extrusion direction (ED), the transverse direction (TD) and 45° toward the ED. Mg–5Al–1Sn–0.3Mn alloy sheet exhibited the best combination of mechanical properties along the ED: a yield strength of 142 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 282 MPa and an elongation of 23%. The good performance of Mg–5Al–1Sn–0.3Mn sheet was mainly attributed to the large quantity of Mg17Al12precipitates and a weak basal texture. Annealing caused static dynamic recrystallization, refined the grain size and enhanced the mechanical properties: yield strength of 186 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 304 MPa, elongation of 21% along ED. Both strength and ductility were enhanced by Al alloying.

Olfactory dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aberrations in GABAergic function and the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance within the olfactory bulb (OB) have been implicated in olfactory impairment during the initial stages of AD. While the neuregulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB4 signaling pathway is known to regulate GABAergic transmission in the brain and is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, its specific role in early AD-related olfactory impairment remains incompletely understood. This study demonstrated that olfactory dysfunction preceded cognitive decline in young adult APP/PS1 mice and was characterized by reduced levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 in the OB. Further investigation revealed that deletion of ErbB4 in parvalbumin interneurons reduced GABAergic transmission and increased hyperexcitability in mitral and tufted cells (M/Ts) in the OB, thereby accelerating olfactory dysfunction in young adult APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, ErbB4 deficiency was associated with increased accumulation of Aβ and BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP, along with enhanced CDK5 signaling in the OB. NRG1 infusion into the OB was found to enhance GABAergic transmission in M/Ts and alleviate olfactory dysfunction in young adult APP/PS1 mice. These findings underscore the critical role of NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in regulating GABAergic transmission and E/I balance within the OB, contributing to olfactory impairment in young adult APP/PS1 mice, and provide novel insights for early intervention strategies in AD.

Widespread interaction between meteoric (fresh) water and emerged continental crust on the early Earth may have been key to the emergence of life, although when the hydrological cycle first started is poorly constrained. Here we use the oxygen isotopic composition of dated zircon crystals from the Jack Hills, Western Australia, to determine when the hydrological cycle commenced. The analysed zircon grains reveal two periods of magmatism at 4.0–3.9 and 3.5–3.4 billion years ago characterized by oxygen isotopic compositions below mantle values (that is,18O/16O ratios <5.3 ± 0.6‰ relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (2 s.d)). The most negative 18O/16O ratios at around 4.0 and 3.4 billion years ago are as low as 2.0‰ and –0.1‰, respectively. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that such isotopically light values in zircon require the interaction of shallow crustal magmatic systems with meteoric water, which must have commenced at or before 4.0 billion years ago, contemporaneous with the oldest surviving remnant of Earth’s continental crust. The emergence of continental crust, the presence of fresh water and the start of the hydrological cycle probably facilitated the development of the environmental niches required for life fewer than 600 million years after Earth’s formation.

Accurate segmentation of the hepatic vein can improve the precision of liver disease diagnosis and treatment. Since the hepatic venous system is a small target and sparsely distributed, with various and diverse morphology, data labeling is difficult. Therefore, automatic hepatic vein segmentation is extremely challenging. We propose a lightweight contextual and morphological awareness network and design a novel morphology aware module based on attention mechanism and a 3D reconstruction module. The morphology aware module can obtain the slice similarity awareness mapping, which can enhance the continuous area of the hepatic veins in two adjacent slices through attention weighting. The 3D reconstruction module connects the 2D encoder and the 3D decoder to obtain the learning ability of 3D context with a very small amount of parameters. Compared with other SOTA methods, using the proposed method demonstrates an enhancement in the dice coefficient with few parameters on the two datasets. A small number of parameters can reduce hardware requirements and potentially have stronger generalization, which is an advantage in clinical deployment.

The influence of dual-heterostructure of grain size and precipitates on the mechanical properties of the AZ91 alloy extruded sheet prepared by small extrusion ratio was investigated. Compared to the sample with the extrusion ratio (ER) of 12.8 (i.e., ER12.8 sample), the ER3.9 and ER6.4 samples present a remarkable coarse and fine-grained layers with heterogeneous fine-dispersed precipitates. Moreover, a large number of banded precipitates are observed in the fine-grained layers of the ER3.9 sample. The ER6.4 sample has an excellent combination of strength and ductility due to a balance of heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) stress and precipitates. Although the ER3.9 sample shows the highest HDI stress and Schmid factor for basal slip to improve ductility, more banded precipitates still play a dominate role in deteriorating its mechanical properties.

Graphical abstract:

A photoredox/nickel dual catalytic protocol for the regioselective three-component carboacylation of alkenes with tertiary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates as well as acyl chlorides is described. This redox-neutral protocol can be applied to the rapid synthesis of ketones with high diversity and complexity via a radical relay process. Many functional groups, allowing for various commercially available acyl chlorides, alkyltrifluoroborates, and alkenes, are tolerated under these mild conditions.

This work aims to improve the low accuracy caused by interference information during real-time weld surface detection. First, a weld surface dataset with 7580 pictures containing eight types of defects was established. Second, an improved detection model named Yolo-MSAPF was designed based on Yolo-v5 model and verified by the self-established database. Finally, a real-time detection system was built to analyze the performance of the detection model in an industrial environment. The design principle of the Yolo-MSAPF is to eliminate interference information but enhance necessary features in each scale as much as possible by multiscale alignment fusion (MSAF) with parallel features filtering (PFF) modules (i.e., MSAPF strategy). For the MSAF, not only the accuracy but the richness of fused features is guaranteed by aligning features at one level to fuse all other scales. After that, the fused features in each scale were individually filtered out in parallel spatial and channel in the PFF module. The results show that rate for the images with missing detection for eight types of defects sharply drops from 21.47% to 1.68% when the MSAPF strategy is used. Moreover, it is worth noting that the mAP@0.5 of the Yolo-MSAPF model reaches 95.3%, which is similar to the Yolo-v7 model, while the number of parameters is reduced by 30.1%, compared with the baseline model. Additionally, the great ability to screen out unqualified weld is also verified in the industrial environment. Soon, code and dataset will be available at https://github.com/Luckycat518/Yolo-MSAPF.

In this study, the deformable titanium (Ti) particles reinforced AZ91 composite was successfully prepared by powder metallurgy and subsequent extrusion. The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of pure AZ91 and 5Ti/AZ91 composite were studied. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of 5Ti/AZ91 composite are measured to be 212 MPa, 323 MPa, and 10.1%, respectively. Microstructure analysis revealed that Ti particles are elongated along the extrusion direction, forming a discontinuous strip Ti particles, fine precipitated Mg17Al12phase inhibits dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior through Zener pinning effect and hinders the growth of matrix grains, resulting in refiner grains of 5Ti/AZ91 composite. Heterogeneous deformed Ti particles and magnesium (Mg) matrix to generate additional heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening. Heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening mainly contributed to the increment of yield strength for 5Ti/AZ91 composite.

Mg-9Al-1Zn (AZ91) magnesium matrix composites reinforced by Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) particles were successfully prepared via powder metallurgical method. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) showed a mountain-like tendency with the increase of the TC4 content. The mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium matrix composites reached the optimal point with TC4 content of 10 wt.%, realizing YS, UTS, and EL of 335 MPa, 370 MPa, and 6.4%, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties can be attributed to the effective load transfer from the magnesium matrix to the TC4 particles, dislocations associated with the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, good interfacial bonding between the Mg matrix and TC4 particles, and grain refinement strengthening.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D)-printed individualised guiding templates in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods: 12 hips in 12 patients with Crowe type IV DDH were treated with THA. A 3D digital model of the pelvis and lower limbs was reconstructed using the computed tomography data of the patients. Preoperative surgical simulations were performed to determine the most suitable surgical planning, including femoral osteotomy and prosthesis placement. Based on the ideal surgical planning, individualised guiding templates were designed by software, manufactured using a 3D printer, and used in acetabulum reconstruction and femoral osteotomy during surgery.Results: 12 patients were followed up for an average of 72.42 months (range 38–135 months). During surgery, the guiding template for each case was matched to the bony markers of the acetabulum and proximal femur. Preoperative and follow-up Harris Hip Scores were 34.2 ± 3.7 and 85.2 ± 4.2; leg-length discrepancy, 51.5 ± 6.5 mm and 10.2 ± 1.5 mm; and visual analogue scale scores, 6.2 ± 0.8 and 1.3 ± 0.3, respectively, with statistical difference. Shortened deformity and claudication of the affected limb were obviously improved after surgery. However, 1 patient had artificial hip dislocation 2 weeks after surgery, and another patient had sciatic nerve traction injury, both of whom recovered after physical treatment.Conclusions: Preoperative surgical simulation and 3D-printed individualised guiding templates can fulfil surgeon-specific requirements for the treatment of Crowe type IV DDH. Accurate THA can be achieved using 3D-printed individualised templates, which provide a new personalised surgical plan for the precise positioning and orientation of acetabular reconstruction and femoral osteotomy.

Propane dehydroaromatization (PDA) to high value-added aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), is an attractive but challenging process. The traditional Zn/H-ZSM-5 or Ga/H-ZSM-5 catalysts can offer considerable PDA performances but still suffer from low activity and poor stability because of harsh reaction conditions. Here, we report a multifunctional Pt–Zn@H-ZSM-5 catalyst that exhibits a significantly improved performance in the PDA reaction at 550 °C, with a single-pass propane conversion of 74%, aromatics selectivity of 56%, and CH4selectivity of only 4.7%. The yield of aromatics is twice as much as those of Zn/H-ZSM-5 and Ga/H-ZSM-5 catalysts. We have demonstrated that the Pt–Zn alloy nanoparticles with an average size of 2.4 nm are uniformly confined within H-ZSM-5 crystals, providing atomic-scale proximity between metal and zeolite acid sites. This unique structure enhances not only the dehydrogenation of the propane feedstock in the initial reaction stage but also the dehydrogenation of cyclic C6+hydrocarbons by the recombinative desorption of surface hydrogen species in the last stage while suppressing the side hydrogenolysis and hydrogen-transfer reactions. Furthermore, the Si/Al ratio of H-ZSM-5, the synergistic effect between platinum and zinc, and the location of Pt–Zn nanoparticles over composite catalysts have also been discussed. These findings suggest that viabimetallic alloying and rational arrangements of functional sites at the nanoscale, the multistep PDA reaction can be greatly intensified.

The Moon has a magmatic and thermal history that is distinct from that of the terrestrial planets1. Radioisotope dating of lunar samples suggests that most lunar basaltic magmatism ceased by around 2.9–2.8 billion years ago (Ga)2,3, although younger basalts between 3 Ga and 1 Ga have been suggested by crater-counting chronology, which has large uncertainties owing to the lack of returned samples for calibration4,5. Here we report a precise lead–lead age of 2,030 ± 4 million years ago for basalt clasts returned by the Chang’e-5 mission, and a 238U/204Pb ratio (µvalue)6of about 680 for a source that evolved through two stages of differentiation. This is the youngest crystallization age reported so far for lunar basalts by radiometric dating, extending the duration of lunar volcanism by approximately 800–900 million years. The µvalue of the Chang’e-5 basalt mantle source is within the range of low-titanium and high-titanium basalts from Apollo sites (µvalue of about 300–1,000), but notably lower than those of potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) and high-aluminium basalts7(µvalue of about 2,600–3,700), indicating that the Chang’e-5 basalts were produced by melting of a KREEP-poor source. This age provides a pivotal calibration point for crater-counting chronology in the inner Solar System and provides insight on the volcanic and thermal history of the Moon.

Narjatamolide (1), an unusual homoguaiane sesquiterpene lactone, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansiDC. It represents the new carbon skeleton of a homoguaiane sesquiterpenoid possessing an additional acetate unit spiro-fused with C-4 and C-15 to form a cyclopropane ring. The structure of 1was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 1showed antiproliferative effects against BEL-7402 cell lines with an IC50value of 5.67 ± 1.43 μM, and the mechanism study showed that 1induces cell cycle of BEL-7402 cell lines arrest at G2/M phase.

The Chinese Bayan Obo deposit is a world-class rare earth element (REE) deposit with considerable niobium (Nb) and iron (Fe) resources. A complete genetic understanding on all metals is fundamental for establishing genetic models at Bayan Obo. With extensive research being focused on REE enrichment, the timing and controls of Nb enrichment remain unresolved at Bayan Obo, which is mainly due to the challenges in dating, i.e. multistage thermal events, fine-grained minerals with complex textures and the rare occurrence of uranium-enriched minerals with mature dating methods. Based on robust geological and petrographic frameworks, here we conducted ion probe uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating of ferrocolumbite to unravel the timing, hence the genesis of Nb mineralization. Three types of hydrothermal ferrocolumbites—key Nb-bearing minerals—are identified based on their textures and mineral assemblages. They yield U-Pb ages of 1312 ± 47 Ma (n= 99), 438 ± 7 Ma (n= 93), and 268 ± 5 Ma (n= 19), respectively. In line with deposit geology, we tentatively link the first, second and third stage Nb mineralization to Mesoproterozoic carbonatite magmatism, ubiquitous early Paleozoic hydrothermal activity, and Permian granitic magmatism, respectively. While quantifying the contribution of metal endowment from each stage requires further investigation, our new dates highlight that multi-stage mineralization is critical for Nb enrichment at Bayan Obo, which may also have implications for the enrichment mechanism of Nb in REE deposits in general.Robust geological framework and accurate geochronology reveal three stages of Nb mineralization at Bayan Obo, and highlight the critical role of multi-stage process for the formation of world-class ore deposits.

The coaxial electrospun fibers with large specific surface area, high porosity and core-shell structure have been great applied in biomedical field, especially as drug delivery carriers. In this paper, PLGA(polylactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer) was used as the core and the mixture of PLGA and gelatin was used as the shell. PLGA/gelatin fiber was prepared by coaxial electrospinning technology. The effects of different parameters on the surface morphology and the diameter of fibers were investigated.

By combining the conformal polishing method with short stroke vibration, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, conformal vibration polishing (CVP) method is proposed. The CVP method is expected to be an efficient means of optical processing by its high material removal rate and smoothing characteristics of mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors. A quantitative time-domain smoothing model and a convergence factor (${\rm CF}_C$) are presented based on the research of smoothing characteristics. The motion mechanism, material removal ability, solution, and expansion of the smoothing model are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results exhibited good agreement with the theoretical predictions for the proposed method. The research provides a certain theoretical foundation for parameter selection and process optimization of the CVP method.

The rapid glucose detection is great significance in the food, biological and medical fields. In this paper, we show an unusual strategy for the synthesis of α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composite material with C-O-Fe bonds for applications in glucose detection. The structural composition and the existence of C-O-Fe bonds of α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 were evaluated by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS. Due to the formation of C-O-Fe bonds, the BET surface area and electron transport ability of α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 are improved. The electrochemical experiments revealed that the α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 sensor exhibited a fast response time (&lt; 5 s), a low detection limit (2.3 μM) and a wide linear range (0.1 mM - 5 mM). Furthermore, the powerful C-O-Fe binding energy provides a guarantee for the reasonable stability of the α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 sensor. The presence of high concentrations of KCl, citric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine and sucrose appeared to have no effects on the detection of glucose, indicating a high selectivity of this sensor.

Background: Floppy pouch complex (FPC) consists of disease phenotypes in patients with ileal pouches, including pouch prolapse, afferent limb syndrome, enterocele, redundant loop, and pouch folding. Our recent study demonstrated that lower body weight, lower peripouch fat, family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), female gender, and dyschezia are risk factors for FPC patients with IBD. The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between pouch wall thickness and FPC, and to investigate the association between inflamed and non-inflamed pouch wall thickness. Methods: This case–control study included all eligible patients with FPC from our prospectively maintained, IRB-approved Pouchitis Registry from 2011 to 2017. We measured pouch wall thickness of fully distended pouches on cross-sectional abdominal and pelvic imaging. Patients with stoma and non-distended pouches were completely excluded. Risk factors for FPC were analyzed. Results: A total of 140 out of 451 patients from our were found to have fully distended pouches on imaging. Of the 140 patients, 36 (25.7%) were diagnosed as having FPC. We analyzed pouch wall thickness for each subcategory of FPC as well as non-FPC conditions. The thickness of pouch wall was follows: pouch prolapse (N= 19): 1.5 mm (1.5–2.0), afferent limb syndrome (N= 12): 1.5 mm (1.1–2.0), folded pouch (N= 4): 1.5 mm (1.1–1.9), and redundant pouch (N= 2): 1.3 mm (1.0–1.3). The control group (N= 104) consisting of normal pouch, pouchitis, cuffitis, Crohn's disease of the pouch, and pouch sinus with median pouch wall thickness of 1.5 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.0 mm, and 1.5 mm, respectively. There were significant differences in pouch wall thickness between normal or non-inflamed pouch versus pouchitis versus cuffitis versus Crohn's disease of the pouch with pvalues of 0.01, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.049, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with FPC were shown to have thin pouch wall, which those with inflammatory conditions of the pouch tended to have thick pouch wall. These findings will have implications in both diagnosis and investigation of etiopathogenesis of these disorders.

Bungsteroid A (1), possessing an unreported carbon skeleton, was isolated from the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanumMaxim. It represents the first carbon skeleton of a C34steroid analogue featuring a unique 6/6/6/6/5-fused pentacyclic skeleton, which has been determined by spectroscopic methods, quantum-chemical 13C NMR, ECD calculations, and calculations of optical rotations. Bungsteroid A showed the antiproliferative effects against HepG2, MCF-7, and HeLa cell lines with the IC50values of 56.3 ± 1.1, 64.2 ± 0.9, and 74.2 ± 1.3 μM, respectively.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. MiR-95-3p has been reported to be an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of miR-95-3p in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear.

The effect of impurity element Fe on corrosion behavior of AZ61 magnesium alloys in various states has been investigated by immersion test and hydrogen evolution measurements in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. The corrosion rate is found to relay on the impurity Fe concentration in the alloys and decreases with decreasing Fe content. When Fe content drops from 150 ppm to 10 ppm, the corresponding corrosion rates under as-cast and solution treatment conditions are reduced from 8.54 mm/a and 8.61 mm/a to 2.54 mm/a and 0.21 mm/a, respectively. The corrosion pattern of the AZ61 alloys is the localized corrosion, and the galvanic couples are formed among the impurity particles, second-phase particles and the matrix. The Fe impurity particles tend to act as main cathodic to form micro-galvanic cell with the α-Mg matrix, which is harmful for corrosion resistance of AZ61 alloy.