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2. The Mangrove Restoration Tracker Tool: Meeting local practitioner needs and tracking progress toward global targets

Author

Gatt, Yasmine M., Walton, Rowana W., Andradi-Brown, Dominic A., Spalding, Mark D., Acosta-Velázquez, Joanna, Adame, Maria Fernanda, Barros, Francisco, Beeston, Mark A., Bernardino, Angelo Fraga, Buelow, Christina A., Cadier, Charles, Calzada Vazquez Vela, Alejandra, Canty, Steven W.J., Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, de Oliveira Gomes, Luiz Eduardo, Duncan, Clare, Eger, Aaron M., Enright, James A., Frausto-Illescas, Tannia C., Friess, Daniel A., Glass, Leah, Grimsditch, Gabriel, Hagger, Valerie, Hein, Margaux Y., Herrera-Silveira, Jorge A., Hilarides, Lammert, Howard, Jennifer F., Hoyos-Santillan, Jorge, Kandasamy, Kathiresan, Kennedy, Bridget, Kincaid, Kate, Lagat, Abel Kiprono, Lara-Dominguez, Ana L., Longley-Wood, Kate, Mahajan, Shauna L., Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Martin, Philip A., Medard, Modesta, Nájera-Hillman, Eduardo, Nicolas, Tanguy, Nicolau, Denise K., Nyaega, Lilian M., Paiz, Yves, Quarto, Alfredo, Ralifo, Alfred I., Randriamanantena, O. Dannick, Rasolozaka, Tojo M., Ravelojaona, Danny K., Robaigau, Apolosa, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Alexandra, Rog, Stefanie M., Rounds, Isaac, Rovai, Andre S., Saunders, Megan I., Sievers, Michael, Song, Det, Sutherland, William J., Taylor, Nigel G., Teutli-Hernández, Claudia, Thornton, Hazel, Tuiwawa, Senilolia, Ulumuddin, Yaya Ihya, Veverka, Laura, Videira, Eduardo J.S., White, Thomas B., Wodehouse, Dominic C.J., Wosu, Adaoma, Yamashita, Hiromi, Zimmer, Martin, and Worthington, Thomas A.

Abstract

Restoration is a key component of global and national efforts to combat ecosystem degradation, reduce biodiversity loss, and adapt to climate change, and there is currently an impetus to scale up restoration efforts. However, our ability to track progress toward restoration targets is limited by the lack of consistent and standardized data on objectives, interventions, and outcomes. To address this, a collaboration of conservation practitioners and scientists from around the world have developed the Mangrove Restoration Tracker Tool (MRTT), an application to record and track outcomes from mangrove restoration projects. The MRTT records information across the lifetime of a project, capturing data describing the site background and pre-restoration baseline and the restoration interventions and costs, as well as post-restoration monitoring that incorporates both socioeconomic and ecological factors. The MRTT allows decision makers, practitioners, and site managers to access information that is essential in making informed, evidence-based decisions on restoration interventions to maximize impact and success.

Published
2024
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3. The “nature-positive” journey for business: A conceptual research agenda to guide contributions to societal biodiversity goals

Author

White, Thomas B., Bromwich, Talitha, Bang, Ashley, Bennun, Leon, Bull, Joseph, Clark, Michael, Milner-Gulland, E.J., Prescott, Graham W., Starkey, Malcolm, zu Ermgassen, Sophus O.S.E., and Booth, Hollie

Abstract

Biodiversity is rising rapidly on the global agenda, prompting businesses to adopt the “nature-positive” framing, expressing a commitment to combat biodiversity loss and contribute to global nature recovery goals. However, realizing these ambitions requires transformative changes in business operations, which will be challenging given the uncertainties surrounding possible strategies and pathways. A research-driven approach for business action on biodiversity is vital to prevent unintended environmental and social consequences, but there is currently no coordinated research effort on this topic. Here, we present our vision of a conceptual framework for nature positive extending beyond individual business actions, encompassing processes that influence business involvement, a spectrum of sectoral strategies, and the need for impact measurement at various scales. We utilize this framework to propose high-priority research questions where we believe collaboration between researchers, consultants, and sustainability practitioners is needed to guide effective, feasible, and equitable action to protect and restore nature.

Published
2024
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6. Who holds power in decision making for young people's future?

Author

Kapeke, Kevin, Muse, Khalid, Rowan, Jennifer, Saw, Planning, White, Thomas, Ojinnaka‐Psillakis, Angelica, Peries, Tharidhu D, Miranda, Nicola P, Ali, Shireen, Dau, Anyuop, Taafua, Luisa, Nalupta, Charlize, Harvey, Maeson, and Zorbas, Christina

Abstract

This article examines the dynamics of power and decision-making in public health policy, with a focus on the inclusion of young people's voices. It emphasizes the need to consider the perspectives of marginalized groups, such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, culturally diverse, low-income, LGBTQIA+, and disabled children and young people. The article discusses the significance of youth participation in decision-making and highlights successful initiatives that have empowered young people in policy discussions. It also suggests strategies for transforming institutional dialogue, amplifying diverse voices, and creating new policy processes. The article emphasizes the importance of better including diverse youth voices in decision-making and proposes a framework and indicators to monitor and improve youth participation efforts. It underscores the need to address power imbalances and structural barriers for equitable youth participation in public policy decisions. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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9. Flower choice by the stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria is not influenced by colour-similarity to a higher-reward flower in the same patch.

Author

Forster, Caitlyn Y., Mourmourakis, Faelan, Hochuli, Dieter F., White, Thomas E., Latty, Tanya, and Gloag, Rosalyn

Abstract

Floral choice by bees is influenced by the bees’ previous experience with flowers. For example, bees may learn to associate particular flower colours with rewards and prefer flowers of that colour in a given patch. In this study, we assessed whether floral choice by the stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria was influenced by colour similarity to a high-quality neighbour flower, while it contained nectar, and then when it was empty of nectar. We trained T. carbonaria to visit highly rewarding artificial flowers (50% (v/v) honey solution) within a patch that also contained two types of less-rewarding artificial flowers (20% (v/v) honey solution): one of the same colour (though different pattern) as the high-quality flower and one a different colour (and pattern) to the other two flowers. Colonies were tested with blue and yellow colour sets, where either the blue flower was most rewarding and the yellow the least, or vice versa. We then compared preferences between the two equal-quality flowers in the patch under two conditions: (i) when nectar was available from the high-quality flower, and (ii) when the nectar was removed from the high-quality flower. We found that, when available, high-quality flowers were always visited more than low-quality flowers. Under this condition, adjacent lower-quality flowers in the patch received similar levels of visitation, regardless of their colour. When the reward was removed from the high-quality flower (simulating an emptied flower), foragers quickly switched to using the remaining two equal-quality flowers in the patch, but again showed no preference for the similar-coloured flower. Our results indicate that T. carbonaria are adaptable foragers capable of quickly learning and responding to floral reward changes in their foraging environment. At least under our experimental conditions, we found no evidence that T. carbonaria floral choice is influenced by colour similarity to a high-quality resource in the same foraging location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Identifying opportunities to deliver effective and efficient outcomes from business-biodiversity action.

Author

White, Thomas B., Mukherjee, Nibedita, Petrovan, Silviu O., and Sutherland, William J.

Subjects
CONSERVATION projects (Natural resources), ECONOMIC impact, SEMI-structured interviews, BIODIVERSITY, COST effectiveness
Abstract

Business-biodiversity action is increasingly seen as critical for delivering conservation goals, but such action needs to be effective. Using detailed semi-structured interviews with leading business-biodiversity professionals and consultants we aimed to understand the actions currently taken and why, how actions are decided upon, and current challenges that hinder effective, efficient action. The scale and type of action varied by sector, driven largely by the risks (reputational, financial) of inaction. Cost-effectiveness was important to businesses, but the limited quantification of the economic consequences of biodiversity action hindered uptake. Indirect evidence sources were generally used to guide decision-making including using expert consultants, guidance, standards or certifications. Acquiring better evidence of cost-effectiveness, particularly if embedded within these indirect sources, could improve practice. A diverse set of challenges emerged that impeded business engagement with biodiversity, effective decision-making, and action implementation. We discuss opportunities to address them and thus improve the effectiveness of business-biodiversity action. • Semi-structured interviews to understand leading businesses' action and decision-making around business-biodiversity action. • Actions taken, and decision-making were highly variable across businesses. • Decisions where often guided by indirect sources of evidence e.g., guidance, experts, certifications, or policy. • Cost-effectiveness is important, but businesses face challenges when engaging with biodiversity, and deciding upon actions. • We identify opportunities improve the effectiveness and efficiency of business-biodiversity action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Challenges in closing the gap between evidence and practice: International survey of institutional surgical stabilization of rib fractures guidelines

Author

Choi, Jeff, Badrinathan, Avanti, Shine, Ryan, Benz, Cecilia, Toia, Alyssa, Crown, Thomas, Whitbeck, Sarah Ann, Kryskow, Mark, White, Thomas, and Kirsch, Jordan

Abstract

@CWISociety trainees reviewed rib fracture fixation guidelines from 30 centers in 3 countries. The authors found large variability and suboptimal inclusion of contemporary evidence within institutional guidelines.

Published
2023
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14. Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells.

Author

Zhang, Xu, Englund, Davis A., Aversa, Zaira, Jachim, Sarah K., White, Thomas A., and LeBrasseur, Nathan K.

Abstract

We propose the beneficial effects of exercise are in part mediated through the prevention and elimination of senescent cells. Exercise counters multiple forms of age-related molecular damage that initiate the senescence program and activates immune cells responsible for senescent cell clearance. Preclinical and clinical evidence for exercise as a senescence-targeting therapy and areas needing further investigation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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15. ID: 341936 Patient Activity Goals & Therapy Satisfaction with a Reduced-Energy DTM™-Derivative: 12-Month Outcomes from a Multi-Center-Study

Author

Peacock, Jeffrey, Provenzano, David, Fishman, Michael, Amirdelfan, Kasra, Bromberg, Todd, Schmidt, Todd, White, Thomas, Grewal, Prabhdeep, Justiz, Rafael, Calodney, Aaron, El-Naggar, Amr, Shah, Binit, Esposito, Michael, Gatzinsky, Kliment, Kallewaard, Jan-Willem, Noel, Kate, Rice, Calysta, Cleland, Andrew, and LaRue, Maddie

Published
2024
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16. Associations between biomarkers of cellular senescence and physical function in humans: observations from the lifestyle interventions for elders (LIFE) study

Author

Fielding, Roger A., Atkinson, Elizabeth J., Aversa, Zaira, White, Thomas A., Heeren, Amanda A., Achenbach, Sara J., Mielke, Michelle M., Cummings, Steven R., Pahor, Marco, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, and LeBrasseur, Nathan K.

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a plausible mediator of age-associated declines in physical performance. To test this premise, we examined cross-sectional associations between circulating components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and measures of physical function and muscle strength in 1377 older adults. We showed significant associations between multiple SASP proteins and the short physical performance battery (SPPB), its subcomponents (gait speed, balance, chair rise time), and 400-m walk time. Activin A, ICAM1, MMP7, VEGFA, and eotaxin showed strong associations based on gradient boost machine learning (GBM), and, when combined with other proteins, effectively identified participants at the greatest risk for mobility disability (SPPB score ≤7). Senescence biomarkers were also associated with lower grip strength, and GBM identified PARC, ADAMTS13, and RANTES as top candidates in females, and MMP2, SOST, and MCP1 in males. These findings highlight an association between senescence biomarkers and physical performance in older adults. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500.

Published
2022
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17. The genetic landscape of germline DDX41 variants predisposing to myeloid neoplasms

Author

Li, Peng, Brown, Sara, Williams, Margaret, White, Thomas, Xie, Wei, Cui, Wei, Peker, Deniz, Lei, Li, Kunder, Christian A., Wang, Huan-You, Murray, Sarah S., Vagher, Jennie, Kovacsovics, Tibor, and Patel, Jay L.

Abstract

Germline DDX41 variants are the most common mutations predisposing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in adults, but the causal variant (CV) landscape and clinical spectrum of hematologic malignancies (HMs) remain unexplored. Here, we analyzed the genomic profiles of 176 patients with HM carrying 82 distinct presumably germline DDX41 variants among a group of 9821 unrelated patients. Using our proposed DDX41-specific variant classification, we identified features distinguishing 116 patients with HM with CV from 60 patients with HM with variant of uncertain significance (VUS): an older age (median 69 years), male predominance (74% in CV vs 60% in VUS, P = .03), frequent concurrent somatic DDX41 variants (79% in CV vs 5% in VUS, P < .0001), a lower somatic mutation burden (1.4 ± 0.1 in CV vs 2.9 ± 0.04 in VUS, P = .012), near exclusion of canonical recurrent genetic abnormalities including mutations in NPM1, CEBPA, and FLT3 in AML, and favorable overall survival (OS) in patients with AML/MDS. This superior OS was determined independent of blast count, abnormal karyotypes, and concurrent variants, including TP53 in patients with AML/MDS, regardless of patient’s sex, age, or specific germline CV, suggesting that germline DDX41 variants define a distinct clinical entity. Furthermore, unrelated patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm and B-cell lymphoma were linked by DDX41 CV, thus expanding the known disease spectrum. This study outlines the CV landscape, expands the phenotypic spectrum in unrelated DDX41-mutated patients, and underscores the urgent need for gene-specific diagnostic and clinical management guidelines.

Published
2022
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19. Twelve-month results from a randomized controlled trial comparing differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and conventional spinal cord stimulation in subjects with chronic refractory axial low back pain not eligible for spine surgery

Author

White, Thomas, Justiz, Rafael, Almonte, Wilson, Micovic, Velimir, Shah, Binit, Anderson, Eric, Kapural, Leonardo, Cordner, Harold, El-Naggar, Amr, Fishman, Michael, Eshraghi, Yashar, Kim, Philip, Abd-Elsayed, Alaa, Chakravarthy, Krishnan, Millet, Yoann, Sanapati, Mahendra, Harrison, Nathan, Goff, Brandon, Gupta, Mayank, Grewal, Prabhdeep, Wilkinson, Michael, Bundschu, Richard, Will, Andrew, Satija, Pankaj, Li, Sean, Dulebohn, Scott, Broadnax, John, Gekht, Gennady, Wu, Ken, Falowski, Steven, Park, Wesley, Cedeno, David L., and Vallejo, Ricardo

Abstract

Successful treatments for intractable chronic low back pain (CLBP) in patients who are not eligible for surgical interventions are scarce. The superior efficacy of differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation (DTM SCS) to conventional SCS (Conv-SCS) on the treatment of CLBP in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) who have failed surgical interventions (PSPS-T2) motivated the evaluation of DTM SCS versus Conv-SCS on PSPS patients who are non-surgical candidates (PSPS-T1).

Published
2024
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21. Centimetre-scale perovskite solar cells with fill factors of more than 86 per cent

Author

Peng, Jun, Kremer, Felipe, Walter, Daniel, Wu, Yiliang, Ji, Yi, Xiang, Jin, Liu, Wenzhu, Duong, The, Shen, Heping, Lu, Teng, Brink, Frank, Zhong, Dingyong, Li, Li, Lee Cheong Lem, Olivier, Liu, Yun, Weber, Klaus J., White, Thomas P., and Catchpole, Kylie R.

Abstract

Owing to rapid development in their efficiency1and stability2, perovskite solar cells are at the forefront of emerging photovoltaic technologies. State-of-the-art cells exhibit voltage losses3–8approaching the theoretical minimum and near-unity internal quantum efficiency9–13, but conversion efficiencies are limited by the fill factor (<83%, below the Shockley–Queisser limit of approximately 90%). This limitation results from non-ideal charge transport between the perovskite absorber and the cell’s electrodes5,8,13–16. Reducing the electrical series resistance of charge transport layers is therefore crucial for improving efficiency. Here we introduce a reverse-doping process to fabricate nitrogen-doped titanium oxide electron transport layers with outstanding charge transport performance. By incorporating this charge transport material into perovskite solar cells, we demonstrate 1-cm2cells with fill factors of >86%, and an average fill factor of 85.3%. We also report a certified steady-state efficiency of 22.6% for a 1-cm2cell (23.33% ± 0.58% from a reverse current–voltage scan).

Published
2022
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24. Regional Brain Correlates of Beta Bursts in Health and Psychosis: A Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Author

Briley, Paul M., Liddle, Elizabeth B., Simmonite, Molly, Jansen, Marije, White, Thomas P., Balain, Vijender, Palaniyappan, Lena, Bowtell, Richard, Mullinger, Karen J., and Liddle, Peter F.

Abstract

There is emerging evidence for abnormal beta oscillations in psychosis. Beta oscillations are likely to play a key role in the coordination of sensorimotor information that is crucial to healthy mental function. Growing evidence suggests that beta oscillations typically manifest as transient beta bursts that increase in probability following a motor response, observable as post-movement beta rebound. Evidence indicates that post-movement beta rebound is attenuated in psychosis, with greater attenuation associated with greater symptom severity and impairment. Delineating the functional role of beta bursts therefore may be key to understanding the mechanisms underlying persistent psychotic illness.

Published
2021
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25. Postoperative continuous positive airway pressure to prevent pneumonia, re-intubation, and death after major abdominal surgery (PRISM): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

Author

Pearse, Rupert, Ranieri, Marco, Abbott, Tom, Pakats, Mari-Liis, Piervincenzi, Edoardo, Patel, Akshaykumar, Kahan, Brennan, Rhodes, Andrew, Dias, Priyanthi, Hewson, Russell, Jammer, Ib, Chew, Michelle, Aldecoa, Cesar, Rodseth, Reitze, Biccard, Bruce, Stephens, Tim, Payne, Sara, Hepworth, David, Pischke, Soeren, Asvall, Joerund, Hausken, John, Jhanji, Shaman, Rooms, Martin, Flint, Neil, Hales, Dawn, Szakmany, Tamas, Leitch, Andrew, Spadaro, Savino, Chiumello, Davide, Johnston, Paul, Yeung, Joyce, Tellan, Guglielmo, Veenith, Tonny, Macmillan, Josep, Terragni, Pierpaolo, Sander, Caroline, Kasipandian, Vidya, Ahmad, Tahania, Lee, Aaron, Tammaro, Marcello, McAuley, Danny, Skene, Simon, Vohra, Ravinder, Wilson, Matt, Edwards, Mark, Griffiths, Ewen, Pritchard, Naomi, Filippini, Claudia, Aasmundstad, Tor, Aksnes, Einar, Alpers, Lise-Merete, Barratt-Due, Andreas, Dahl, Anita, Feldt, Linda, Figari, Elisa, Flåten, Eva, Granheim, Karen, Hagring, Minna, Haugaa, Håkon, Kjoesen, Gisle, Klaevahaugen, Inge, Lenz, Harald, Myhre, Marianne, Orrem, Hilde, Stitt, Emily, Toennessen, Tor Inge, Al-Kadhimi, Samuel, Anker, Robert, Balint, Mihaela, Barraclough, Lauren, Black, Ethel, Clayton, Matt, Conneely, Leonora, Edwards, Zara, Eeles, Alex, Evans, Matthew, Gerstman, Michelle, Greenshields, Nicole, Harvey, Eleanor, Hegarty, Aoife, Hester, Natalie, Hutchinson, Jenna, Kasivisvanathan, Ramanathan, Lawrence, Helen, Marsh, Veronica, Matthews, Laura, Mazzola, Francesca, McCanny, Jamie, Morrison, Ben, O'Mahony, Michelle, Pang, Ching Ling, Parkinson, David, Pirie, Katrina, Rao Baikady, Ravishankar, Shovel, Louisa, Smith, Lorna, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Peter, Uren, Sophie, Walker, Susanna, Wills, Alasdair, Andreou, Prematie, Howson, Alex, Kaur, Jasmin, Lewszuk, Adam, Molina, Esther, Ramsamy, Nirmalabaye, Roberts, Emma, Amaral, Vanessa, Begum, Salma, Bekele, Soliana, Cashmore, Richard, Correia, Carmen, Dunkley, Steven, Fernandez, Maria, Fowler, Alexander, Garcia, Amaia, Della Giovampaola, Maria, Greaves, Kathryn, Griffiths, Bethan, Haines, Ryan, Haslop, Richard, Hu, Ying, Hui, Sarah, Januszewska, Marta, Manon, Vasi, Martin, Tim, May, Shaun, Minicozzi, Annamaria, Niebrzegowska, Edyta, Oliveira, Monica, Pates, Katherine, Santos, Filipa, Shahid, Tasnin, Simili, Paolo, Somerville, Alastair, Subhedar, Emily, Uddin, Ruzena, Walker, Sophie, Wan, Yize, Whalley, Jan, Zolfaghari, Parjam, Gunter, Una, Hodkinson, Gemma, Howe, Gwenllian, Baratozzi, Valentina, Casotto, Giulia, Darai, Giulia, Ferrari, Erica, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Palmaverdi, Valentina, Furlani, Stefano, Priani, Paolo, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Salmaso, Marco, Verri, Marco, Volta, Carlo, Nutt, Chris, McKay, Emma, O'Neill, Orla, Patel, Jaimin, Atterbury, Katie, Ballinger, Sarah, Carling, Natalie, Ellis, Kaytie, Gresty, Jo, Melody, Teresa, Monk, Jade, Norman, Chloe, Reeves, Eleanor, Sampson, Julia, Sutton, Peter, Thomas, Marie, Bamford, Amy, Bergin, Colin, Carrera, Ronald, Cooper, Lauren, Despy, Liesl, Ellis, Karen, Fellows, Emma, Goundry, Stephanie, Harkett, Samantha, Ip, Peter, Mason, Tracy, McGhee, Christopher, McLaughlin, Aisling, Neal, Aoife, Pope, Martin, Porter, Stephanie, Smith, Hazel, Snelson, Catherine, Spruce, Elaine, Vigo, Ylenia, Whitehouse, Arlo, Whitehouse, Tony, Donatiello, Maria, Gazzanelli, Sergio, Mezzapesa, Mario, Savino, Martina, Settesoldi, Giacomo, Kunst, Gudrun, Birch, Sian, Greig, Louise, Noble, Harriet, Pappa, Evita, Penhaligon, Bethany, Cossu, Andrea, Floris, Leda, Piredda, Davide, Racca, Alberto, Brattstrom, Olof, Heggelund, Bente, Flodberg, Magnus, Månsson, Sandra, Ahmed, Mamoona, Allen, Jonathan, Bell, Paula, Genetu, Roman, Glennon, Julia, Hanley, Janice, Jenner, Katy, Jogi, Summayyah, Mahjoob, Parisa, McGovern, Clare, Murphy, Anthony, Nazari, Roonak, Routledge, Jacki, Uttamlal, Trishna, Ward, Sinead, Iotti, Giorgio, Picchioni, Raffaella, Poma, Silvia, Navalesi, Paolo, Bruni, Andrea, De Leonardis, Brunella, Garofalo, Eugenio, Patel, Panna, McArthur, Carol, Burns, Karen, Peters, Steven, Foti, Giuseppe, Calcinati, Serena, Grassi, Alice, Villa, Silvia, Berridge, John, Kanakaraj, Muthuraj, Cahill, Hazel, Forshaw, Greg, Gibson, Andy, Grainger, Lia, Howard, Kate, James, Katherine, Murphy, Zoe, Sweeting, Helen, Tait, Rebecca, Wilcock, Danielle, Yates, David, Cope, Sean, Allan, Ashley, Betts, Rebecca, Cornell, Sarah, Sheriff, Julie, Woods, Lindsey, Grasselli, Giacomo, Brioni, Matteo, Castagna, Luigi, von Rahden, Richard, Farina, Zane, Green, Samantha, Gumede, Simphiwe, Rajah, Chantal, Ramkillawan, Arisha, Moug, Susan, Alcorn, David, Dalton, Carol, Dickinson, Natalie, Edwards, Jennifer, Henderson, Steven, McIlveen, Erin, Ramsaran, Richard, Bell, Joanne, Fleming, Lorna, Monks, Kathleen, Parker, Jane, Stamper, Sean, Stokes-Denson, Jo, Elías, Elisa, Guerra, Yessica, Rico-Feijoo, Jesus, Kidel, Carlos, Filipe, Helder, Asis, Gretchelle, Gleeson, Yvonne, Harvey, Alice, Jackson, Christine, McNeil, Margaret, Mingo, Sara, Pakou, Glykeria, Pinto, Manuel, Wright, Stephen, Babio-Galan, Maite, Buckley, David, Calder, Verity, Chishti, Ahmad, Cosgrove, Joseph, Cullen, Katherine, Dunn, Leigh, Faulds, Matthew, Fortune, Jonathan, Gardner, Matthew, Harrison, Abigail, Hays, Carole, Jones, Gerry, Macfie, Caroline, Mccullagh, Iain, Nesbitt, Ian, O'Neil, Suzanne, Phoenix, Catherine, Rangaswamy, Girish, Samson, Craig, Scott, Carmen, Shrestha, Tara, Singh, Rita, Soulsby, Graham, Walton, Jon, Zwiggelaar, Kimberley, Lynch, Ceri, Clarke, Heidi, Deacon, Bethan, Ivatt, Helen, Jones, Leanne, Latif, Ahmed, Oram, Shaun, Perman, Chris, Roche, Lisa, Duys, Rowan, Flint, Margot, Bhagwan, Kamal, Coetzee, Ettienne, Joubert, Ivan, Montoya-Pelaez, Felipe, Navsaria, Pradeep, Picken, Guy, Porrill, Owen, Strathie, Grant, Zungu, Thembinkosi, Aluri, Sireesha, Chau, Simon, Cooper, Deborah, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Hope, Susan, Nicholson, Alice, Walker, Laura, Giarratano, Antonino, Accurso, Giuseppe, Raineri, Santi, Tricoli, Giuseppe, Innes, Richard, Doble, Patricia, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Tait, Moira, Hamilton, Mark, Andrade, Edward, Barnes, Veronica, Dalton, Claire, Delgado, Carlos, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Farrah, Helen, Gray, Geraldine, Hegarty, Aoife, Howlett, Luisa, Joseph, Gipsy, Krupa, Monika, Leaver, Susannah, Macedo, Joao, Maher, Karen, Mellinghoff, Johannes, Oguntimehin, Rachel, Pereira, Joel, Robinson, Frances, Ryan, Christine, Shah, Nirav, Shirley, Paula, Torborg, Alexandra, Biyase, Thuli, Drummond, Leanne, Kusel, Belinda, Mbuyisa, Mbalenhle, Solala, Sivuyisiwe, Taylor, Jenna, Ezihe-Ejiofor, Adanma, Aduse-Poku, Maame, Colville, Gary, Davies, Louise, Kang, Soo, Phillips, Alex, Kirk-Bayley, Justin, Kelliher, Leigh, Carvelli, Paula, Daysal, Gokce, Dickinson, Matthew, Doyle, Nancileigh, Hughes, Christina, Montague, Laura, Potter, Elizabeth, Salberg, Armorel, Sibug, Sheena, Sivarajan, Sinduja, Thomson, Milo, Wakeford, Nichola, Rocco, Monica, Alampi, Daniela, Conway, Daniel, Clark, Richard, Maria, Jashmin, Pomeroy, Fiona, Quraishi, Tanviha, Williams, Abigail, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Aherne, Caroline, Harrison-Briggs, Donna, Fitchett, Jill, Duberley, Stephen, Zanoni, Andrea, Cardinale, Daniela, Righi, Claudia, Blunt, Mark, Fuller, Tracy, Hodgson, Ruth, Rosbergen, Melissa, Brennan, Andrew, Akeroyd, Louise, Boardman, Victoria, Bull, Christopher, Carrick, Mike, Chadderton, Ian, Cooper, Sarah, Goellner, Sarah, Graham, Laura, Ilyas, Carl, King, James, Laklouk, Muhammad, Lawton, Tom, Macrow, Christopher, Munro, Michael, Neep, Adam, Northey, Martin, Peacock, Victoria, Pye, Kate, Radley, Lydia, Sira, James, Smithson, Beth, Syddall, Stuart, Tooth, David, White, Thomas, Hoel, Sindre, Aakre, Elin, Bakke, Monica, Hoivik, Tone, Makowski, Arystarch, Alcock, Harry, Cardoso, Sean, Coetzee, Samantha, Everett, Mary, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Kouridaki, Christina, Ogbeide, Vongayi, Bertellini, Elisabetta, Bertolotti, Valentina, Buono, Antonio, Fanigliulo, Maria, Kumar, Ram, Richards, Nicole, Allana, Alisha, Bacciarelli, Samantha, Barker, Helen, De Bois, Jessica, Bradley, Isabel, Crooks, Jennifer, Daum, Peter, Feben, Alex, Gannon, Lizzie, Kipling, Sarah, Peetamsingh, Andrew, Quamina, Charlotte, Sethi, Sahiba, Sivadhas, Harry, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Tan, Evalyn, Willis, Joan, Zou, Maggie, Cranshaw, Julius, Barratt, Nina, Bowman, Katie, Branney, Debbie, Letts, Maria, Pitts, Sally, Day, Christopher, Benyon, Sarah, Eddy, Sara, Green, Adam, Grice, Anna, Kelly, Sinéad, Mackle, Daisy, Mariano, Victor, Park, Linda, Sibley, Pauline, Spencer, William, Bignami, Elena, Bellini, Valentina, Forfori, Francesco, Curci, Maria, Leo, Alessandra, Jackson, Matthew, Awolesi, Jennifer, Hodgkinson, Sheila, Kent, Alissa, Leonard, Dee, Stapleton, Claire, Tibke, Clare, Alexander-Sefre, Farhad, Campey, Lorraine, Hall, Kathryn, Spimpolo, Jennifer, Nilsson, Malin, Didriksson, Helen, Hamilton, Emma, Carnahan, Mandy, Mowatt, Chris, Stickley, Jo, Corcione, Antonio, Rossi, Giuseppe, Fladby, Hege, Andersen, Nina, Bjoernå, Gunhild, Reite, Mads, Roertveit, Linda, Seidel, Philipp, Arnold, Glenn, Benavente, Melissa, Chattersingh, Anjalee, Chironga, Nyasha, Hornzee, Gillian, Kibaru, Joyce, Malik, Ihtisham, McLeavy, Laura, Pathmanathan, Byiravey, Prior, Florence, Strudwick, Rhea, Vezyrgiannis, Marios, Sinha, Aneeta, Babu, Sheeba, Batuwitage, Bisanth, Daly, Zoe, Ellinor, Katharine, Hawes, Elizabeth, Holmes, Ann, Hudson, Karen, Nightingale, Jeremy, Le Poidevin, Alison, Roberts, Lindsey, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Allison, Joanna, Pippard, Lucy, Hamlyn, Vincent, Organ, Angie, Ezihe-Ejiofor, Adanma, Prabhahar, Thaventhran, Bridger, Hayley, Dvorkin, Lee, Manhas, Vitul, Vincent, Rachel, Laha, Shondipon, Cromie, Terri-Louise, Doyle, Donna, Howarth, Rachel, Verlander, Mark, Watt, Ailsa, Williams, Alexandra, Antonelli, Massimo, Cutuli, Salvatore, Montini, Luca, Graterol, Juan, Adams, Benita, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Hammonds, Fiona, Jigajinni, Suyogi, Fulton, Laura, Kinghorn, Stephen, Mullenheim, Jost, Baillie, Kirsty, Cain, Martyn, Colling, Kerry, Hannaway, Carol, Corso, Ruggero, Calli, Morena, Ferrando, Carlos, Romero, Esther, Jorge-Monjas, Pablo, Soria-García, María, Gómez-Herreras, José, Rodríguez-Jiménez, Rita, and De Prada-Martín, Blanca

Abstract

Respiratory complications are an important cause of postoperative morbidity. We aimed to investigate whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered immediately after major abdominal surgery could prevent postoperative morbidity.

Published
2021
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26. Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Feng, Shuo, Phillips, Daniel J., White, Thomas, Sayal, Homesh, Aley, Parvinder K., Bibi, Sagida, Dold, Christina, Fuskova, Michelle, Gilbert, Sarah C., Hirsch, Ian, Humphries, Holly E., Jepson, Brett, Kelly, Elizabeth J., Plested, Emma, Shoemaker, Kathryn, Thomas, Kelly M., Vekemans, Johan, Villafana, Tonya L., Lambe, Teresa, Pollard, Andrew J., and Voysey, Merryn

Abstract

The global supply of COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. An understanding of the immune response that is predictive of protection could facilitate rapid licensure of new vaccines. Data from a randomized efficacy trial of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in the United Kingdom was analyzed to determine the antibody levels associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2. Binding and neutralizing antibodies at 28 days after the second dose were measured in infected and noninfected vaccine recipients. Higher levels of all immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. A vaccine efficacy of 80% against symptomatic infection with majority Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant of SARS-CoV-2 was achieved with 264 (95% CI: 108, 806) binding antibody units (BAU)/ml: and 506 (95% CI: 135, not computed (beyond data range) (NC)) BAU/ml for anti-spike and anti-RBD antibodies, and 26 (95% CI: NC, NC) international unit (IU)/ml and 247 (95% CI: 101, NC) normalized neutralization titers (NF50) for pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization, respectively. Immune markers were not correlated with asymptomatic infections at the 5% significance level. These data can be used to bridge to new populations using validated assays, and allow extrapolation of efficacy estimates to new COVID-19 vaccines.

Published
2021
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28. Taxonomy of multiple rib fractures: Results of the chest wall injury society international consensus survey.

Author

Edwards, John G., Clarke, Peter, Pieracci, Fredric M., Bemelman, Mike, Black, Edward A., Doben, Andrew, Gasparri, Mario, Gross, Ronald, Jun, Wu, Long, William B., Lottenberg, Lawrence, Majercik, Sarah, Marasco, Silvana, Mayberry, John, Sarani, Babak, Schulz-Drost, Stefan, Van Boerum, Don, Whitbeck, SarahAnn, White, Thomas, and Chest Wall Injury Society collaborators

Published
2020
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29. Use of the Internet to Facilitate an Annual Scientific Meeting: A Report of the First Virtual Chest Wall Injury Society Summit

Author

Sarani, Babak, Shiroff, Adam, Pieracci, Fredric M., Gasparri, Mario, White, Thomas, Whitbeck, SarahAnn, and Gross, Ronald

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in cancellation of medical peer meetings. The Chest Wall Injury Society Annual Summit was scheduled for April 2020. Due to safety concerns, the Society altered the meeting to an online format. The purpose of this paper is to describe how this was accomplished and also to highlight its outcomes.

Published
2021
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31. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Author

Voysey, Merryn, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, Madhi, Shabir A, Weckx, Lily Y, Folegatti, Pedro M, Aley, Parvinder K, Angus, Brian, Baillie, Vicky L, Barnabas, Shaun L, Bhorat, Qasim E, Bibi, Sagida, Briner, Carmen, Cicconi, Paola, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, Collins, Andrea M, Cutland, Clare L, Darton, Thomas C, Dheda, Keertan, Dold, Christina, Duncan, Christopher J A, Emary, Katherine R W, Ewer, Katie J, Flaxman, Amy, Fairlie, Lee, Faust, Saul N, Feng, Shuo, Ferreira, Daniela M, Finn, Adam, Galiza, Eva, Goodman, Anna L, Green, Catherine M, Green, Christopher A, Greenland, Melanie, Hill, Catherine, Hill, Helen C, Hirsch, Ian, Izu, Alane, Jenkin, Daniel, Joe, Carina C D, Kerridge, Simon, Koen, Anthonet, Kwatra, Gaurav, Lazarus, Rajeka, Libri, Vincenzo, Lillie, Patrick J, Marchevsky, Natalie G, Marshall, Richard P, Mendes, Ana V A, Milan, Eveline P, Minassian, Angela M, McGregor, Alastair, Mujadidi, Yama F, Nana, Anusha, Padayachee, Sherman D, Phillips, Daniel J, Pittella, Ana, Plested, Emma, Pollock, Katrina M, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, Ritchie, Adam J, Robinson, Hannah, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, Smith, Andrew, Song, Rinn, Snape, Matthew D, Sprinz, Eduardo, Sutherland, Rebecca K, Thomson, Emma C, Török, M Estée, Toshner, Mark, Turner, David P J, Vekemans, Johan, Villafana, Tonya L, White, Thomas, Williams, Christopher J, Douglas, Alexander D, Hill, Adrian V S, Lambe, Teresa, Gilbert, Sarah C, Pollard, Andrew J, Aban, Marites, Abeyskera, Kushala W.M., Aboagye, Jeremy, Adam, Matthew, Adams, Kirsty, Adamson, James P., Adewatan, Gbadebo, Adlou, Syed, Ahmed, Khatija, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, Akhalwaya, Saajida, Alcock, Andrew, Ali, Aabidah, Allen, Elizabeth R., Allen, Lauren, Alvernaz, Felipe B., Amorim, Fabio Santos, Andrade, Claudia Sala, Andritsou, Foteini, Anslow, Rachel, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., Ariaans, Mark P., Arns, Beatriz, Arruda, Laiana, Assad, Luiza, Azi, Paula De Almeida, Azi, Lorena De Almeida, Babbage, Gavin, Bailey, Catherine, Baker, Kenneth F., Baker, Megan, Baker, Natalie, Baker, Philip, Baleanu, Ioana, Bandeira, Danieli, Bara, Anna, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., Barker, Debbie, Barlow, Gavin D., Barnes, Eleanor, Barr, Andrew S., Barrett, Jordan R., Barrett, Jessica, Barrett, Kelly, Bates, Louise, Batten, Alexander, Beadon, Kirsten, Beales, Emily, Beckley, Rebecca, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, Bell, Jonathan, Bellamy, Duncan, Belton, Sue, Berg, Adam, Bermejo, Laura, Berrie, Eleanor, Berry, Lisa, Berzenyi, Daniella, Beveridge, Amy, Bewley, Kevin R., Bharaj, Inderjeet, Bhikha, Sutika, Bhorat, Asad E., Bhorat, Zaheda E., Bijker, Else Margreet, Birch, Sarah, Birch, Gurpreet, Birchall, Kathryn, Bird, Adam, Bird, Olivia, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Bittaye, Mustapha, Blackwell, Luke, Blacow, Rachel, Bletchly, Heather, Blundell, Caitlin L., Blundell, Susannah R., Bodalia, Pritesh, Bolam, Emma, Boland, Elena, Bormans, Daan, Borthwick, Nicola, Bowring, Francesca, Boyd, Amy, Bradley, Penny, Brenner, Tanja, Bridges-Webb, Alice, Brown, Phillip, Brown, Claire, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, Bruce, Scott, Brunt, Emily, Budd, William, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., Bull, Melanie, Burbage, Jamie, Burn, Aileen, Buttigieg, Karen R., Byard, Nicholas, Cabrera Puig, Ingrid, Calvert, Anna, Camara, Susana, Cao, Michelangelo, Cappuccini, Federica, Cardona, Rita, Cardoso, João R., Carr, Melanie, Carroll, Miles W., Carson-Stevens, Andrew, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., Casey, Helen R., Cashen, Paul, Castro, Thais R.Y., Castro, Lucia Carratala, Cathie, Katrina, Cavey, Ana, Cerbino-Neto, José, Cezar, Luiz Fernando F., Chadwick, Jim, Chanice, Chanice, Chapman, David, Charlton, Sue, Cheliotis, Katerina S., Chelysheva, Irina, Chester, Oliver, Chiplin, Emily, Chita, Sunder, Cho, Jee-Sun, Cifuentes, Liliana, Clark, Elizabeth, Clark, Matthew, Colin-Jones, Rachel, Collins, Sarah L.K., Colton, Hayley, Conlon, Christopher P., Connarty, Sean, Coombes, Naomi, Cooper, Cushla, Cooper, Rachel, Cornelissen, Lynne, Corrah, Tumena, Cosgrove, Catherine A., Costa, Fernanda Barroso, Cox, Tony, Crocker, Wendy E.M., Crosbie, Sarah, Cullen, Dan, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., Cunningham, Christina J., Cuthbertson, Fiona C., da Costa, Daniel Marinho, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, da Silva, Larissa P., da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, Damratoski, Brad E., Danos, Zsofia, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., Datoo, Mehreen S., Datta, Chandrabali, Davids, Malika, Davies, Sarah L., Davies, Kelly, Davies, Hannah, Davies, Sophie, Davies, Judith, Davis, Elizabeth J., Davis, John, de Carvalho, José A.M., De Jager, Jeanne, de Jesus Jnr, Sergio, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, Dearlove, David, Demissie, Tesfaye, Desai, Amisha, Di Marco, Stefania, Di Maso, Claudio, Dinesh, Tanya, Docksey, Claire, Dong, Tao, Donnellan, Francesca R., Dos Santos, Tannyth Gomes, Dos Santos, Thainá G., Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, Douglas, Naomi, Downing, Charlotte, Drake, Jonathan, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, Drury, Ruth, Du Plessis, Joan, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Andrew, Easom, Nicholas J.W., Edwards, Mandy, Edwards, Nick J., Edwards, Frances, El Muhanna, Omar M., Elias, Sean C., Ellison-Handley, Branwen, Elmore, Michael J., English, Marcus Rex, Esmail, Alisgair, Essack, Yakub Moosa, Farooq, Mutjaba, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, Felle, Sally, Ferguson, Susie, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, Field, Samantha, Fisher, Richard, Fletcher, James, Fofie, Hazel, Fok, Henry, Ford, Karen J., Fothergill, Ross, Fowler, Jamie, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., Francis, Emma, Franco, Marilia M., Frater, John, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., Fry, Samantha H., Fudge, Sabrina, Furlan Filho, Renato, Furze, Julie, Fuskova, Michelle, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, Garlant, Harriet, Gavrila, Madita, Gibbons, Karyna A., Gilbride, Ciaran, Gill, Hardeep, Godwin, Kerry, Gokani, Karishma, Gonçalves, Maria Luisa Freire, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., Goodall, Jack, Goodwin, Jayne, Goondiwala, Amina, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, Gorini, Giacomo, Goyanna, Alvaro, Grab, Janet, Gracie, Lara, Green, Justin, Greenwood, Nicola, Greffrath, Johann, Groenewald, Marisa M., Gunawardene, Anishka, Gupta, Gaurav, Hackett, Mark, Hallis, Bassam, Hamaluba, Mainga, Hamilton, Elizabeth, Hamlyn, Joseph, Hammersley, Daniel, Hanrath, Aidan T., Hanumunthadu, Brama, Harris, Stephanie A., Harris, Clair, Harrison, Thomas D., Harrison, Daisy, Harris-Wright, Tara A., Hart, Thomas C., Hartnell, Birgit, Haughney, John, Hawkins, Sophia, Hayano, Laís Y.M., Head, Ian, Heath, Paul T., Henry, John Aaron, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, Hettle, David B., Higa, Cristhiane, Hill, Jennifer, Hodges, Gina, Hodgson, Susanne, Horne, Elizea, Hou, Mimi M., Houlihan, Catherine F., Howe, Elizabeth, Howell, Nicola, Humphreys, Jonathan, Humphries, Holly E., Hurley, Katrina, Huson, Claire, Hyams, Catherine, Hyder-Wright, Angela, Ikram, Sabina, Ishwarbhai, Alka, Iveson, Poppy, Iyer, Vidyashankara, Jackson, Frederic, Jackson, Susan, Jaumdally, Shameem, Jeffers, Helen, Jesudason, Natasha, Jones, Carina, Jones, Christopher, Jones, Kathryn, Jones, Elizabeth, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, Joshi, Amar, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., Kailath, Reshma, Kana, Faeeza, Kar, Arnab, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Kay, Linda, Keen, Jade, Kellett Wright, Johanna, Kelly, Elizabeth J., Kelly, Debbie, Kelly, Dearbhla M., Kelly, Sarah, Kerr, David, Khan, Liaquat, Khozoee, Baktash, Khurana, Ankush, Kidd, Sarah, Killen, Annabel, Kinch, Jasmin, Kinch, Patrick, King, Lloyd D.W., King, Thomas B., Kingham, Lucy, Klenerman, Paul, Kluczna, Diana M., Knapper, Francesca, Knight, Julian C., Knott, Daniel, Koleva, Stanislava, Lages, Pedro M., Lang, Matilda, Lang, Gail, Larkworthy, Colin W., Larwood, Jessica P.J., Law, Rebecca, Lawrie, Alison M., Lazarus, Erica M., Leach, Amanda, Lees, Emily A., Lelliott, Alice, Lemm, Nana-Marie, Lessa, Alvaro Edson Ramos, Leung, Stephanie, Li, Yuanyuan, Lias, Amelia M., Liatsikos, Konstantinos, Linder, Aline, Lipworth, Samuel, Liu, Shuchang, Liu, Xinxue, Lloyd, Adam, Lloyd, Stephanie, Loew, Lisa, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, Lora, Leandro Bonecker, Luz, Kleber Giovanni, MacDonald, Jonathan C., MacGregor, Gordon, Madhavan, Meera, Mainwaring, David O., Makambwa, Edson, Makinson, Rebecca, Malahleha, Mookho, Malamatsho, Ross, Mallett, Garry, Manning, Nicola, Mansatta, Kushal, Maoko, Takalani, Marinou, Spyridoula, Marlow, Emma, Marques, Gabriela N., Marriott, Paula, Marshall, Richard P., Marshall, Julia L., Masenya, Masebole, Masilela, Mduduzi, Masters, Shauna K., Mathew, Moncy, Matlebjane, Hosea, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, Mazur, Olga, Mazzella, Andrea, McCaughan, Hugh, McEwan, Joanne, McGlashan, Joanna, McInroy, Lorna, McRobert, Nicky, McSwiggan, Steve, Megson, Clare, Mehdipour, Savviz, Meijs, Wilma, Mendonça, Renata N.Õ., Mentzer, Alexander J., Mesquita, Ana Carolina F., Miralhes, Patricia, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, Mitton, Celia, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, Moghaddas, Fiona, Molapo, Kgaogelo, Moloi, Mapule, Moore, Maria, Moran, Marni, Morey, Ella, Morgans, Róisín, Morris, Susan J., Morris, Sheila, Morrison, Hazel, Morselli, Franca, Morshead, Gertraud, Morter, Richard, Mottay, Lynelle, Moultrie, Andrew, Moyo, Nathifa, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Msomi, Sibekezelo, Mugodi, Yvonne, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, Muller, Jilly, Munro, Alasdair, Murphy, Sarah, Mweu, Philomena, Myerscough, Christopher, Naik, Gurudutt, Naker, Kush, Nastouli, Eleni, Ndlovu, Bongani, Nikolaou, Elissavet, Njenga, Cecilia, Noal, Helena C., Noé, Andrés, Novaes, Gabrielle, Nugent, Fay L., Nunes, Géssika Lanzillo A., O'Brien, Katie, O'Connor, Daniel, Oelofse, Suzette, Oguti, Blanche, Olchawski, Victoria, Oldfield, Neil J., Oliveira, Marianne G., Oliveira, Catarina, Oliveira, Isabelle Silva Queiroz, Oommen-Jose, Aylin, Oosthuizen, Angela, O'Reilly, Paula, O'Reilly, Peter J., Osborne, Piper, Owen, David R.J., Owen, Lydia, Owens, Daniel, Owino, Nelly, Pacurar, Mihaela, Paiva, Brenda V.B., Palhares, Edna M.F., Palmer, Susan, Parracho, Helena M. R.T., Parsons, Karen, Patel, Dipak, Patel, Bhumika, Patel, Faeezah, Patrick-Smith, Maia, Payne, Ruth O., Peng, Yanchun, Penn, Elizabeth J., Pennington, Anna, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, Pereira Stuchi, Bruno Pereira, Perez, Ana Luiza, Perinpanathan, Tanaraj, Perring, James, Perumal, Rubeshan, Petkar, Sahir Yusuf, Philip, Tricia, Phillips, Jennifer, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, Pickup, Lorinda, Pieterse, Sonja, Pinheiro, Jessica Morgana, Piper, Jo, Pipini, Dimitra, Plank, Mary, Plant, Sinéad, Pollard, Samuel, Pooley, Jennifer, Pooran, Anil, Poulton, Ian, Powers, Claire, Presa, Fernando B., Price, David A., Price, Vivien, Primeira, Marcelo R., Proud, Pamela C., Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, Pueschel, Sophie, Pulido, David, Quaid, Sheena, Rabara, Ria, Radia, Kajal, Rajapaska, Durga, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, Ramos, Leonardo, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, Rampling, Tommy, Rand, Jade, Ratcliffe, Helen, Rawlinson, Tom, Rea, David, Rees, Byron, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, Rhead, Sarah, Riaz, Tawassal, Ricamara, Marivic, Richards, Alexander, Richter, Alex, Ritchie, Neil, Ritchie, Adam J., Robbins, Alexander J., Roberts, Hannah, Robinson, Ryan E., Roche, Sophie, Rollier, Christine, Rose, Louisa, Ross Russell, Amy L., Rossouw, Lindie, Royal, Simon, Rudiansyah, Indra, Ryalls, Kim, Sabine, Charlotte, Saich, Stephen, Sale, Jessica C., Salman, Ahmed M., Salvador, Natalia, Salvador, Stephannie, Sampaio, Milla Dias, Samson, Annette D., Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, Sanders, Helen, Sanders, Katherine, Santos, Erika, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., Satti, Iman, Saunders, Jack E., Saunders, Caroline, Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, Schmid, Annina B., Schofield, Ella, Screaton, Gavin R., Seddiqi, Samiullah, Segireddy, Rameswara R., Senger, Roberta, Serrano, Sonia, Shaik, Imam, Sharpe, Hannah R., Sharrocks, Katherine, Shaw, Robert, Shea, Adam, Sheehan, Emma, Shepherd, Amy, Shiham, Farah, Silk, Sarah E., Silva-Reyes, Laura, Silveira, Lidiana B. T.D., Silveira, Mariana B.V., Singh, Nisha, Sinha, Jaisi, Skelly, Donal T., Smith, Daniel C., Smith, Nick, Smith, Holly E., Smith, David J., Smith, Catherine C., Soares, Airanuédida S., Solórzano, Carla, Sorio, Guilherme L., Sorley, Kim, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., Souza, Bruno S.D.F., Souza, Alessandra R., Souza Lopez, Thamyres, Sowole, Luciana, Spencer, Alexandra J., Spoors, Louise, Stafford, Lizzie, Stamford, Imogen, Stein, Ricardo, Stockdale, Lisa, Stockwell, Lisa V., Strickland, Louise H., Stuart, Arabella, Sturdy, Ann, Sutton, Natalina, Szigeti, Anna, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, Tanner, Rachel, Taoushanis, Carol, Tarr, Alexander W., Tarrant, Richard, Taylor, Keja, Taylor, Ursula, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, Taylor, Justin, te Water Naude, Rebecca, Templeton, Kate, Themistocleous, Yrene, Themistocleous, Andreas, Thomas, Merin, Thomas, Kelly, Thomas, Tonia M., Thombrayil, Asha, Thompson, Julia, Thompson, Fawziyah, Thompson, Ameeka, Thompson, Amber, Thompson, Kevin, Thornton-Jones, Viv, Thotusi, Larissa H.S., Tighe, Patrick J., Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, Tiongson, Gerlynn Ferreras, Tladinyane, Bonolo, Tomasicchio, Michele, Tomic, Adriana, Tonks, Susan, Towner, James, Tran, Nguyen, Tree, Julia A., Trillana, Gerry, Trinham, Charlotte, Trivett, Rose, Truby, Adam, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, Tubb, Philippa, Turabi, Aadil, Turner, Richard, Turner, Cheryl, Turner, Nicola, Tyagi, Bhavya, Ulaszewska, Marta, Underwood, Benjamin R., van Eck, Samual, Varughese, Rachel, Verbart, Dennis, Verheul, Marije K., Vichos, Iason, Vieira, Taiane A., Walker, Gemma, Walker, Laura, Wand, Matthew E., Wardell, Theresa, Warimwe, George M., Warren, Sarah C., Watkins, Bridget, Watson, Marion E.E., Watson, Ekaterina, Webb, Stewart, Webster, Angela, Welch, Jessica, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wells, Jeanette H., West, Alison J., White, Beth, White, Caroline, White, Rachel, Williams, Paul, Williams, Rachel L., Willingham, Silvia, Winslow, Rebecca, Woods, Danielle, Woodyer, Mark, Worth, Andrew T., Wright, Danny, Wroblewska, Marzena, Yao, Andy, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, Zambrano, Marina Bauer, Zimmer, Rafael Leal, Zizi, Dalila, and Zuidewind, Peter

Abstract

The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has been approved for emergency use by the UK regulatory authority, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, with a regimen of two standard doses given with an interval of 4–12 weeks. The planned roll-out in the UK will involve vaccinating people in high-risk categories with their first dose immediately, and delivering the second dose 12 weeks later. Here, we provide both a further prespecified pooled analysis of trials of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and exploratory analyses of the impact on immunogenicity and efficacy of extending the interval between priming and booster doses. In addition, we show the immunogenicity and protection afforded by the first dose, before a booster dose has been offered.

Published
2021
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32. AML with germline DDX41variants is a clinicopathologically distinct entity with an indolent clinical course and favorable outcome

Author

Li, Peng, White, Thomas, Xie, Wei, Cui, Wei, Peker, Deniz, Zeng, Gang, Wang, Huan-You, Vagher, Jennie, Brown, Sara, Williams, Margaret, Kovacsovics, Tibor, and Patel, Jay L.

Abstract

Germline DDX41variants in myeloid neoplasms (MNs) are not uncommon, and we explored the prevalence and characterized the clinical and pathologic features in a cohort of 3132 unrelated adult MN patients. By targeted next-generation sequencing, we identified 28 patients (20 men and 8 women) with pathogenic germline DDX41variants who developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in which only 3 (11%) had a family history (FH) of MNs. A subacute clinical course of cytopenia (mean duration of 11.2 months, range 0–72 months) prior to the initial AML diagnosis was accompanied by a low blast count (median at 30%, range 20–70%) in hypocellular marrows (93% of all patients), in vast contrast to the typical proliferative subtypes of AML in the elderly. Most patients had a normal karyotype (75%) and acquired a second DDX41variant (69%). A favorable overall survival (OS) was observed in comparison to that of common subtypes of AML with wild-type DDX41in age-matched patients. Our study demonstrated that the frequent germline pathogenic DDX41variants characterized a clinically distinct AML entity. Features characteristic of DDX41-mutated AML include male predominance, often lack of FH, indolent course, low proliferative potential, frequent somatic DDX41variants, and a favorable OS.

Published
2021
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33. Non-Periodic Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials at Visible Wavelengths for Efficient Non-Resonant Optical Sensing

Author

Fusco, Zelio, Taheri, Mahdiar, Bo, Renheng, Tran-Phu, Thanh, Chen, Hongjun, Guo, Xuyun, Zhu, Ye, Tsuzuki, Takuya, White, Thomas P., and Tricoli, Antonio

Abstract

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials offer unique properties for applications including optical clocking, nonlinear optics, and telecommunication. To date, the fabrication of ENZ materials at visible wavelengths relies mostly on the use of periodic structures, providing some manufacturing and material challenges. Here, we present the engineering of nonperiodic sodium tungsten bronzes (NaxWO3) metamaterials featuring ENZ properties in the visible spectrum. We showcase their use as efficient optical sensors, demonstrating a nonresonant sensing mechanism based on refractive index matching. Our optimized ENZ metamaterials display an unconventional blue-shift of the transmittance maximum to increasing refractive index of the surrounding environment, achieving sensitivity as high as 150 nm/RIU. Our theoretical and experimental investigations provide first insights on this sensing mechanism, establishing guidelines for the future engineering and implementation of efficient ENZ sensors. The unique optoelectronic properties demonstrated by this class of tunable NaxWO3materials bear potential for various applications ranging from light-harvesting to optical photodetectors.

Published
2020
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35. Taxonomy of multiple rib fractures: Results of the chest wall injury society international consensus survey

Author

Edwards, John G., Clarke, Peter, Pieracci, Fredric M., Bemelman, Mike, Black, Edward A., Doben, Andrew, Gasparri, Mario, Gross, Ronald, Jun, Wu, Long, William B., Lottenberg, Lawrence, Majercik, Sarah, Marasco, Silvana, Mayberry, John, Sarani, Babak, Schulz-Drost, Stefan, Van Boerum, Don, Whitbeck, SarahAnn, and White, Thomas

Abstract

Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Published
2020
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36. Domesticating the Belt and Road: rural development, spatial politics, and animal geographies in Inner Mongolia

Author

White, Thomas

Abstract

ABSTRACTChina’s Belt and Road Initiative has led to an efflorescence of interest in the heritage of the “Silk Road,” both in China and abroad. In this article, I approach the BRI and its associated “Silk Road fever” ethnographically, discussing its effects on a particular region of China. What was once characterized in official discourse as a “remote border region” is now recovering its history of camel-based connectivity, and using this to imagine its future development. I situate this Silk Road discourse within the context of the politics of land, ethnicity, and the environment in a Chinese border region. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in this region, and analysis of local publications, the article shows how this discourse provides ethnic Mongol elites in the west of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with resources to defend pastoralist livelihoods threatened by the state’s recent grassland conservation policies. I thus show how the BRI’s spatial imaginary is “domesticated” in a particular part of China, and shine a light on the spatial politics which this imaginary – and the nonhumans involved in it – affords.

Published
2020
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38. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography at the European XFEL

Author

Pandey, Suraj, Bean, Richard, Sato, Tokushi, Poudyal, Ishwor, Bielecki, Johan, Cruz Villarreal, Jorvani, Yefanov, Oleksandr, Mariani, Valerio, White, Thomas A., Kupitz, Christopher, Hunter, Mark, Abdellatif, Mohamed H., Bajt, Saša, Bondar, Valerii, Echelmeier, Austin, Doppler, Diandra, Emons, Moritz, Frank, Matthias, Fromme, Raimund, Gevorkov, Yaroslav, Giovanetti, Gabriele, Jiang, Man, Kim, Daihyun, Kim, Yoonhee, Kirkwood, Henry, Klimovskaia, Anna, Knoska, Juraj, Koua, Faisal H. M., Letrun, Romain, Lisova, Stella, Maia, Luis, Mazalova, Victoria, Meza, Domingo, Michelat, Thomas, Ourmazd, Abbas, Palmer, Guido, Ramilli, Marco, Schubert, Robin, Schwander, Peter, Silenzi, Alessandro, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta, Tolstikova, Alexandra, Chapman, Henry N., Ros, Alexandra, Barty, Anton, Fromme, Petra, Mancuso, Adrian P., and Schmidt, Marius

Abstract

The European XFEL (EuXFEL) is a 3.4-km long X-ray source, which produces femtosecond, ultrabrilliant and spatially coherent X-ray pulses at megahertz (MHz) repetition rates. This X-ray source has been designed to enable the observation of ultrafast processes with near-atomic spatial resolution. Time-resolved crystallographic investigations on biological macromolecules belong to an important class of experiments that explore fundamental and functional structural displacements in these molecules. Due to the unusual MHz X-ray pulse structure at the EuXFEL, these experiments are challenging. Here, we demonstrate how a biological reaction can be followed on ultrafast timescales at the EuXFEL. We investigate the picosecond time range in the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) with MHz X-ray pulse rates. We show that difference electron density maps of excellent quality can be obtained. The results connect the previously explored femtosecond PYP dynamics to timescales accessible at synchrotrons. This opens the door to a wide range of time-resolved studies at the EuXFEL.

Published
2020
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39. Connexin Hemichannel Inhibition and Human Genodermatoses

Author

Mammano, Fabio, Paller, Amy S., and White, Thomas W.

Abstract

Pathogenic variants in genes encoding connexins that cause skin diseases, such as keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness (KID) syndrome and hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) or Clouston syndrome, display increased hemichannel activity. Mechanistic insights derived from biophysical studies of the variant connexins support the hypothesis that inhibition of the acquired hemichannel activity could alleviate epidermal pathology. Use of pharmacological blockers and engineered mAbs in mouse models of HED and KID confirm that hemichannel inhibition is a promising target for new therapeutic approaches to KID and HED. Insights from this work could apply to other connexin-based genetic skin diseases in which hemichannel activity is elevated.

Published
2024
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40. Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Intractable Upper Limb Pain: 12-Month Results From a Prospective, Multicenter Study

Author

White, Thomas, Justiz, Rafael, Fishman, Michael, Schultz, David, Calodney, Aaron, Cordner, Harold, Almonte, Wilson, Millet, Yoann, Wu, Kenneth, Gekht, Gennady, Will, Andrew, Kim, Philip, Bundschu, Richard, Sirianni, Justin, El-Naggar, Amr, Gupta, Mayank, Park, Wesley, Cedeño, David L., and Vallejo, Ricardo

Abstract

This prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study evaluated the use of differential target multiplexed (DTM) spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy for chronic upper limb pain (ULP).

Published
2024
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41. Light and Electrically Induced Phase Segregation and Its Impact on the Stability of Quadruple Cation High Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Duong, The, Mulmudi, Hemant Kumar, Wu, YiLiang, Fu, Xiao, Shen, Heping, Peng, Jun, Wu, Nandi, Nguyen, Hieu T., Macdonald, Daniel, Lockrey, Mark, White, Thomas P., Weber, Klaus, and Catchpole, Kylie

Abstract

Perovskite material with a bandgap of 1.7–1.8 eV is highly desirable for the top cell in a tandem configuration with a lower bandgap bottom cell, such as a silicon cell. This can be achieved by alloying iodide and bromide anions, but light-induced phase-segregation phenomena are often observed in perovskite films of this kind, with implications for solar cell efficiency. Here, we investigate light-induced phase segregation inside quadruple-cation perovskite material in a complete cell structure and find that the magnitude of this phenomenon is dependent on the operating condition of the solar cell. Under short-circuit and even maximum power point conditions, phase segregation is found to be negligible compared to the magnitude of segregation under open-circuit conditions. In accordance with the finding, perovskite cells based on quadruple-cation perovskite with 1.73 eV bandgap retain 94% of the original efficiency after 12 h operation at the maximum power point, while the cell only retains 82% of the original efficiency after 12 h operation at the open-circuit condition. This result highlights the need to have standard methods including light/dark and bias condition for testing the stability of perovskite solar cells. Additionally, phase segregation is observed when the cell was forward biased at 1.2 V in the dark, which indicates that photoexcitation is not required to induce phase segregation.

Published
2024
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42. ID: 208527 Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of a Low-Energy Derivative Study of Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation

Author

Provenzano, David, Porritt, Celeste, Peacock, Jeffrey, Fishman, Michael, Amirdelfan, Kasra, Bromberg, Todd, Schmidt, Todd, White, Thomas, Grewal, Prabhdeep, Justiz, Rafael, Calodney, Aaron, El-Naggar, Amr, Shah, Binit, Esposito, Michael, Gatzinsky, Kliment, Kallewaard, Jan Willem, Cleland, Andrew, LaRue, Maddie, and Noel, Kate

Published
2023
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45. Weight-based enoxaparin dosing and deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized trauma patients: A double-blind, randomized, pilot study.

Author

Kay, Annika Bickford, Majercik, Sarah, Sorensen, Jeffrey, Woller, Scott C., Stevens, Scott M., White, Thomas W., Morris, David S., Baldwin, Margaret, and Bledsoe, Joseph R.

Abstract

Background Venous thromboembolism is a cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Chemoprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin at a standardized dose is recommended. Conventional chemoprophylaxis may be inadequate. We hypothesized that a weight-adjusted enoxaparin prophylaxis regimen would reduce the frequency of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized trauma patients and at 90-day follow-up. Methods This prospective, randomized pilot study enrolled adult patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center between July 2013 and January 2015. Subjects were randomized to receive either standard (30 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours) or weight-based (0.5mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours) enoxaparin. Surveillance duplex ultrasound for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis was performed on hospital days 1, 3, and 7, and weekly thereafter. The primary outcome was deep vein thrombosis during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included venous thromboembolism at 90 days and significant bleeding events. Results Two hundred thirty-four (124 standard, 110 weight-based) subjects were enrolled. There was no difference between standard and weight-based regarding age, body mass index, percentage female gender, injury severity score, or percentage that had surgery. There was a trend toward less in-hospital deep vein thrombosis in weight-based (12 [9.7%] standard vs 4 [3.6%] weight-based, P  = .075). At 90 days, there was no difference in venous thromboembolism (12 [9.7%] standard vs 6 [5.5%] weight-based, P = .34). There was 1 bleeding event, which occurred in a standard subject. Conclusion Weight-based enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in trauma patients may provide better protection against venous thromboembolism than standard. A definitive study is necessary to determine whether weight-based dosing is superior to standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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47. Development of an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and computer modelling platform to investigate the physiological optics of the crystalline lens

Author

Pan, Xingzheng, Lie, Alyssa L., White, Thomas W., Donaldson, Paul J., and Vaghefi, Ehsan

Abstract

We have developed and validated in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols to extract parameters (T2 and geometry) of the human lens that, combined with biometric measures of the eye and optical modelling, enable us to investigate the relative contributions made by the gradient of refractive index (GRIN) and the shape of the lens to the refractive properties of each subject tested. Seven young and healthy participants (mean age: 25.6 ± 3.6 years) underwent an ophthalmic examination, and two sessions of MRI scans using a 3 T clinical magnet. Our MRI protocols for studying lens physiological optics and geometrical measurements were repeatable and reliable, using both 1D (95% confidence interval (CI) for mean differences for exponents = [-2.1, 2.6]) and 2D analysis (anterior T2 CI for differences [-6.4, 8.1] ms; posterior T2 CI for differences [-6.4, 8.3] ms). The lens thickness measured from MRI showed good correlation with that measured with clinical ‘gold standard’ LenStar (mean differences = [-0.18, 0.2] mm). The predicted refractive errors from ZEMAX had reasonable agreements with participants’ clinic records (mean differences = [-1.7, 1.2] D). Quantitative measurements of lens geometry and GRIN with our MRI technique showed high inter-day repeatability. Our clinical MRI technique also provides reliable measures of lens geometry that are comparable to optical biometry. Finally, our ZEMAX optical models produced accurate refractive error and lens power estimations.

Published
2019

48. C-reactive protein: what to expect after bony hip surgery for nonambulatory children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

Author

Dick, Alastair G., Magill, Nicholas, White, Thomas C.H., Kokkinakis, Michail, and Norman-Taylor, Fabian

Abstract

Bony hip reconstruction surgery in children with severe cerebral palsy is associated with high complication rates, usually postoperative chest and urinary tract infections. C-reactive protein (CRP) level is commonly used as an indication of infection; an understanding of its normal postoperative trends is crucial to allow early identification of abnormal levels and possible infection. Our aim was to describe the trends in CRP following bony hip surgery in children who had an uneventful postoperative course, on the basis that the children for whom CRP does not follow this course are likely to have a bacterial infection. A retrospective review was performed of 155 children with CP having bony hip surgery between 2012 and 2016. The median age was 9.9 years (interquartile range: 6.6–12.7). One hundred (64.5%) patients had a Gross Motor Function Classification System rating of V. All CRP levels measured in routine postoperative care were recorded, and medical records were examined for postoperative infective complications. The CRP levels of patients with clinically proven infections were excluded in order to describe what to expect in the absence of infection. Mean CRP peaked on the third postoperative day at 81 mg/l in those who had no postoperative infection. Twenty-five (16.1%) patients had a postoperative infection; their mean CRP was higher on all postoperative days and peaked at 128 mg/l on the third postoperative day. An understanding of the normal postoperative trends in CRP allows identification of those with abnormally raised levels. Postoperative CRP is consistently higher in children with an infective complication. We recommend that the CRP should be routinely checked following bony hip surgery in children with CP, and a careful search for infection undertaken in those with a raised level.

Published
2019
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49. Highly stable carbon-based perovskite solar cell with a record efficiency of over 18% via hole transport engineering.

Author

Chu, Qian-Qian, Ding, Bin, Peng, Jun, Shen, Heping, Li, Xiaolei, Liu, Yan, Li, Cheng-Xin, Li, Chang-Jiu, Yang, Guan-Jun, White, Thomas P., and Catchpole, Kylie R.

Subjects
SILICON solar cells, SOLAR cell efficiency, HOLE mobility, SOLAR cells, NITROGEN & the environment, HOLES
Abstract

Abstract Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in air, compared to their counterparts using metal contacts. The photovoltaic performance of carbon-based PSCs, however, has been progressing slowly in spite of an impressive efficiency when they were first reported. One of the major obstacles is that the hole transport materials developed for state-of-the-art Au-based PSCs are not suitable for carbon-based PSCs. Here, we develop a low-temperature, solution-processed Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/graphene composite hole transport layer (HTL), that is compatible with paintable carbon-electrodes to produce state-of-the-art perovskite devices. Space-charge-limited-current measurements reveal that the as-prepared P3HT/graphene composite exhibits outstanding charge mobility and thermal tolerance, with hole mobility increasing from 8.3 × 10−3 cm2 V-1 s-1 (as-deposited) to 1.2 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 (after annealing at 100 °C) - two orders of magnitude larger than pure P3HT. The improved charge transport and extraction provided by the composite HTL provides a significant efficiency improvement compared to cells with a pure P3HT HTL. As a result, we report carbon-based solar cells with a record efficiency of 17.8% (certified by Newport); and the first perovskite cells to be certified under the stabilized testing protocol. The outstanding device stability is demonstrated by only 3% drop after storage in ambient conditions (humidity: ca. 50%) for 1680 h (non-encapsulated), and retention of ca. 89% of their original output under continuous 1-Sun illumination at room-temperature for 600 h (encapsulated) in a nitrogen environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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50. Structural basis of ligand recognition at the human MT1melatonin receptor

Author

Stauch, Benjamin, Johansson, Linda C., McCorvy, John D., Patel, Nilkanth, Han, Gye Won, Huang, Xi-Ping, Gati, Cornelius, Batyuk, Alexander, Slocum, Samuel T., Ishchenko, Andrii, Brehm, Wolfgang, White, Thomas A., Michaelian, Nairie, Madsen, Caleb, Zhu, Lan, Grant, Thomas D., Grandner, Jessica M., Shiriaeva, Anna, Olsen, Reid H. J., Tribo, Alexandra R., Yous, Saïd, Stevens, Raymond C., Weierstall, Uwe, Katritch, Vsevolod, Roth, Bryan L., Liu, Wei, and Cherezov, Vadim

Abstract

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neurohormone that maintains circadian rhythms1by synchronization to environmental cues and is involved in diverse physiological processes2such as the regulation of blood pressure and core body temperature, oncogenesis, and immune function3. Melatonin is formed in the pineal gland in a light-regulated manner4by enzymatic conversion from 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin), and modulates sleep and wakefulness5by activating two high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors, type 1A (MT1) and type 1B (MT2)3,6. Shift work, travel, and ubiquitous artificial lighting can disrupt natural circadian rhythms; as a result, sleep disorders affect a substantial population in modern society and pose a considerable economic burden7. Over-the-counter melatonin is widely used to alleviate jet lag and as a safer alternative to benzodiazepines and other sleeping aids8,9, and is one of the most popular supplements in the United States10. Here, we present high-resolution room-temperature X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) structures of MT1in complex with four agonists: the insomnia drug ramelteon11, two melatonin analogues, and the mixed melatonin–serotonin antidepressant agomelatine12,13. The structure of MT2is described in an accompanying paper14. Although the MT1and 5-HT receptors have similar endogenous ligands, and agomelatine acts on both receptors, the receptors differ markedly in the structure and composition of their ligand pockets; in MT1, access to the ligand pocket is tightly sealed from solvent by extracellular loop 2, leaving only a narrow channel between transmembrane helices IV and V that connects it to the lipid bilayer. The binding site is extremely compact, and ligands interact with MT1mainly by strong aromatic stacking with Phe179 and auxiliary hydrogen bonds with Asn162 and Gln181. Our structures provide an unexpected example of atypical ligand entry for a non-lipid receptor, lay the molecular foundation of ligand recognition by melatonin receptors, and will facilitate the design of future tool compounds and therapeutic agents, while their comparison to 5-HT receptors yields insights into the evolution and polypharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors.

Published
2019
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