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Energy proficiency is the main restriction in wireless sensor network (WSN) that affects the network life cycle. Therefore, opposition learning-based flamingo search algorithm is utilised to select the cluster head (CH) of ultra-scalable ensemble clustering. The distance to neighbours, residual energy, and distance to BS are used to optimise the CH selection. The main goal of this paper is to propose a novel energy efficient cluster-based routing protocol to improve the WSN lifespan and minimise power consumption. The experimental results are analysed for the proposed and existing algorithms in terms of a live nodes, end-to-end delay, throughput, rounds for half nodes die, last node die, and first node die, and packet delivery (PDR). The experimental results show that the proposed approach can perform better than existing protocol. The obtained PDR is 85% in the first scenario, which is greater than what exists already.

In this article, we present least fractional nonlinearity for exhibiting chaos in a memristor-based hyper-chaotic multi-stable hidden system. When implementing memristor-based systems, distinct dimensions/order define the memristor nonlinearity. In this work, the memristor dimension has been changed fractionally to identify the lowest order of nonlinearity required to induce chaos in a proposed system. The two-parameter frequency scanning helps in understanding both oscillation and non-oscillation regimes. The system fractional nonlinearity strength will help in deeper understanding of mathematical modelling and control. In addition, multistability and hidden oscillations were thoroughly investigated in the proposed system. The current work combines analytical, numerical, and experimental methods to demonstrate the system dynamics.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based analysis on the corrosion inhibition properties of aqueous black seed extract for mild steel exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution is reported here. At ~ 600 ppm inhibitor concentration, corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency are found to be ~ 0.18 ± 0.1 mpy and ~ 94%, respectively. The superior corrosion inhibition is due to the adsorption of the phytochemicals onto the metallic surface, as confirmed from spectroscopic analysis. Findings show the suitability of the black seed extract for practical applications at neutral pH and room temperature. AFM and magnetic force microscopy indicate lower surface roughness and nearly pristine topography for the inhibitor-protected specimens. In situ AFM analyses indicate delayed formation of surface irregularities for the inhibitor-protected specimens. The obtained results clearly show the superior corrosion inhibition efficiency of the aqueous black seed extract against mild steel under simulated sea water condition.

This article tries closed-loop using a sampled-data (SD) controller for a new nonisolated dc–dc converter to maintain the constant voltage. The developed nonisolated converter attains a higher voltage gain and reduced voltage stress across the power semiconductor switch. The converter topology provides a higher voltage gain (10) at a duty ratio of 0.6. The operation of the proposed converter is discussed in continuous conduction mode, discontinuous conduction mode, and boundary conduction mode. The performance of the converter is examined under open-loop and closed-loop conditions by changing the duty ratio and load values. An SD control increases the control performance in the closed-loop condition. The suggested Lyapunov functional can entirely use system data. Exponential stability criteria created by linear matrix inequalities are deduced using improved inequality techniques and some sufficient conditions. Average dwell time is calculated as a type of inequality considering the sample interval. A laboratory-based experimental prototype is designed to corroborate the performance of the proposed converter in open-loop and closed-loop operations during steady-state and dynamic conditions. The effectiveness of the developed converter is analyzed by comparing the voltage gain, the ratio of voltage stress to voltage gain, and the ratio of voltage gain to total component count with recently developed quadratic-based converters and nonquadratic-based converters. A component stress factor and switch device power are examined to showcase the voltage stress and power handling capability. Experimental results are closely matched with the theoretical calculations. The power density of the proposed converter is 1.02 kW/L.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in many countries and the seaweeds are considered to be the best sources of antiviral compounds. Present study focuses on the toxicity potential of the largely untapped brown and red seaweeds-extracts viz; Sargassum wightii & Gelidiella acerosa, vis-à-visdengue causing, Aedes aegypti.The pupicidal activity of the ethyl acetate seaweed—extracts revealed highest mortality rate. The S. wightii—ethyl acetate (SW-EA) caused the increased toll of Aedes aegypti—pupae with the lethal (LC-50& LC-90) doses (μg/mL) of; 12.83 & 50.83 respectively and the G. acerosa- ethyl acetate (GA-EA) caused the increased death-toll of Aedes aegypti—pupae showing the lethality values of 17.66 (LC50) & 55.71 (LC90). And the histopathological studies showed the malformations (midgut, gut lumen, muscles and epithelial layer) in the bodies of the mosquito pupae treated by crude extracts of SW-EA & GA-EA. Although some reports are already available on the mosquito-larvicidal property of seaweeds, the present research-findings form the first report on the high-mosquito-pupicidal value and cytotoxicity in the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti. The generated data underlines the importance of these seaweeds as potential mosquitocidal agents and further-more research is needed in future.

In this research, we employed a strategy akin to “Feeding Two Birds with One Stone” aiming for the dual objectives of highly selective electrochemical detection and photocatalytic degradation of the environmentally hazardous herbicide mesotrione (MTN). We achieved this by utilizing hexagonal boron nitride (BN)-supported strontium cobaltite perovskite nanocomposites (SrCoO3/BN). The fabrication of the innovative bifunctional SrCoO3/BN nanocomposites involved a straightforward process of precipitation, followed by an annealing treatment and ultrasonication. The successful formation of these nanocomposites was corroborated through the application of diverse spectroscopic tools. Notably, as-prepared SrCoO3/BN nanocomposites exhibited a remarkable sensing platform for MTN, characterized by a notably low detection limit (11 nm), considerable sensitivity (3.782 μA μM–1cm–2), and outstanding selectivity, alongside remarkable stability. Concurrently, these SrCoO3/BN nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficacy for MTN degradation (99%) and complete mineralization. Our investigation systematically delved into the influence of operational parameters, including catalyst loading and the involvement of reactive oxidative species, in both the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reactions. Drawing from these comprehensive studies, we have proposed plausible mechanisms for detecting and degrading MTN. Our findings pave the way for catalyst development, offering a unified solution for detecting and eliminating toxic organic compounds from the environment.

Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare genetic disease that causes fatal respiratory failure within the first year of life. Currently, the only corrective treatment is lung transplantation. Here, we co-transduced the murine lung with adeno-associated virus 6.2FF (AAV6.2FF) vectors encoding a SaCas9-guide RNA nuclease or donor template to mediate insertion of promoterless reporter genes or the (murine) Sftpb gene in frame with the endogenous surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene, without disrupting SP-C expression. Intranasal administration of 3 × 1011vg donor template and 1 × 1011vg nuclease consistently edited approximately 6% of lung epithelial cells. Frequency of gene insertion increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching 20%–25% editing efficiency with the highest donor template and nuclease doses tested. We next evaluated whether this promoterless gene editing platform could extend survival in the conditional SP-B knockout mouse model. Administration of 1 × 1012vg SP-B-donor template and 5 × 1011vg nuclease significantly extended median survival (p = 0.0034) from 5 days in the untreated off doxycycline group to 16 days in the donor AAV and nuclease group, with one gene-edited mouse living 243 days off doxycycline. This AAV6.2FF-based gene editing platform has the potential to correct SP-B deficiency, as well as other disorders of alveolar type II cells.

Pharmaceutical products occurring in freshwater bodies create numerous problems for the water bodies owing to their bio-toxic nature. In order to remove such pharmaceutical pollutants, a novel Er-doped Bi4O5Br2/g-C3N5nanocomposite was prepared by one-pot synthesis and applied for the photocatalytic removal process. The Er ions doped on the surface of Bi4O5Br2/g-C3N5nanocomposite exhibited 97% degradation of tetracycline in 60 min under visible light irradiation, which is higher than pure g-C3N5and Bi4O5Br2photocatalysts. The improved photocatalytic properties are attributed to the outstanding visible light harvesting capacity and quick charge carrier separation efficiency which greatly reduced the recombination rate in the heterojunctions. Based on radical trapping experiments, the •O2−, h+and •OH radicals played a prominent role in the photodegradation reactions under visible light. Finally, the ternary Er-doped Bi4O5Br2/g-C3N5nanocomposite is effectively recyclable with quite a stable photocatalytic removal rate. This work enables a new perspective on the rational design of rare-earth-based nanocomposites for various pharmaceutical pollutants treatment processes.

The article provides an overview of the occupational health and safety issues faced by workers in the spinning industry, with a focus on cotton dust exposure. It highlights the health risks associated with this exposure, including respiratory illnesses, musculoskeletal problems, and hearing loss. The article emphasizes the importance of implementing safety measures, such as wearing masks and maintaining good posture, to mitigate these risks. It also mentions the regulations and standards set by organizations like OSHA to protect workers in this industry. [Extracted from the article]

A proposal to formulate an orthodontic index specific for the Indian Board of Orthodontics (IBO) to determine the acceptability and degree of difficulty of a cases submitted for the phase III examination was discussed at the College of Diplomates meet (CDIBO). To ascertain the degree of difficulty of a case is very subjective; therefore, the need to quantify the complexity of a case in a standard format is required. To develop a Discrepancy Index for the IBO, 20 Dental and Cephalometric components of a malocclusion and 20 intraoral frontal photographs would have to be evaluated and a weightage score for each component would be assigned. Components such as upper and lower anterior proclination, commonly seen in our Asian population which have been omitted in the commonly used indices such as PAR (Peer Assessment Review) IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) and the ICON (Index of Complexity,Outcome and Need) have been included. The proposed IBO Index would add uniformity and standardization in assessing the degree of difficulty and also the degree of improvement of a case, which would be a beneficial tool for a fair evaluation.

Immune cells are important for the healthy function of every organ. The homeostasis of the immune system is selfregulated by T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. The immunomodulation process of immune cells is part of the immunotherapy. According to therapeutic methods of immune responses are categorized as inducing (immunostimulant), amplification (immune booster), attenuation (immunomodulation), and prevention (immunosuppressive) actions. The prevalence of chronic immunological diseases like viral infections, allergies, and cancer is mainly due to the over-activation of the immune system. Further, immunomodulators are reported to manage the severity of chronic immunological disorders. Moreover, these immunomodulator-acting proteins are identified as potential molecular targets for the regulation of the immune system. Moreover, natural compound like phytocompounds are known to bind these targets and modulates the immune system. The specialized phytocompounds like curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are shown the immunomodulatory actions and ameliorate the immunological disorders. The present scenario of a COVID-19 pandemic situation has taught us the need to focus on strengthening the immune system and the development of the most promising immunotherapeutics. This review is focused on an overview of various phytocompounds and their molecular targets for the management of immunological disorders via immunosuppressants and immunostimulants actions.

This article addresses the study of a photovoltaic system for type-2 interval fuzzy models via event-triggered control (ETC). Compared to similar works initiated in the references, the necessary part of modeling the ETC for the photovoltaic system (PV) is to produce the maximum path which should be followed to guarantee the most extreme power activity. The system models are expected to depend on uncertain parameters, which are mostly experienced in the real dynamical system. To describe the PVsystem with event-triggered communication delay, the behavior of a nonlinear system can be addressed by using the interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy rules with lower and upper membership functions. In this regard, we construct the suitable Lyapunov– Krasovskii functional (LKF) and integral inequalities to achieve the stability conditions and expand the maximum sampling period of the closed-loop system. The main purpose of this study is to design the event-triggered mechanism such that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and to reduce the communication burdens of the PVsystem. For this, a sufficient condition is derived for the proposed system in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the suitability and merits of the newly suggested techniques.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a devastating lymphoid malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant T cells in the dermis and epidermis. Skin lesions cause serious symptoms that hamper quality of life and are entry sites for bacterial infection, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in advanced diseases. The mechanism driving the pathological processes that compromise the skin barrier remains unknown. Here, we report increased transepidermal water loss and compromised expression of the skin barrier proteins filaggrin and filaggrin-2 in areas adjacent to TOX-positive T cells in CTCL skin lesions. Malignant T cells secrete mediators (including cytokines such as interleukin 13 [IL-13], IL-22, and oncostatin M) that activate STAT3 signaling and downregulate filaggrin and filaggrin-2 expression in human keratinocytes and reconstructed human epithelium. Consequently, the repression of filaggrins can be counteracted by a cocktail of antibodies targeting these cytokines/receptors, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of JAK1/STAT3, and JAK1 inhibitors. Notably, we show that treatment with a clinically approved JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, increases filaggrin expression in lesional skin from patients with mycosis fungoides. Taken together, these findings indicate that malignant T cells secrete cytokines that induce skin barrier defects via a JAK1/STAT3-dependent mechanism. As clinical grade JAK inhibitors largely abrogate the negative effect of malignant T cells on skin barrier proteins, our findings suggest that such inhibitors provide novel treatment options for patients with CTCL with advanced disease and a compromised skin barrier.

Cellular stress conditions activate p53-dependent pathways to counteract the inflicted damage. To achieve the required functional diversity, p53 is subjected to numerous post-translational modifications and the expression of isoforms. Little is yet known how p53 has evolved to respond to different stress pathways. The p53 isoform p53/47 (p47 or ΔNp53) is linked to aging and neural degeneration and is expressed in human cells via an alternative cap-independent translation initiation from the 2nd in-frame AUG at codon 40 (+118) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Despite an AUG codon in the same location, the mouse p53mRNA does not express the corresponding isoform in either human or mouse-derived cells. High-throughput in-cell RNA structure probing shows that p47 expression is attributed to PERK kinase-dependent structural alterations in the human p53mRNA, independently of eIF2α. These structural changes do not take place in murine p53mRNA. Surprisingly, PERK response elements required for the p47 expression are located downstream of the 2nd AUG. The data show that the human p53mRNA has evolved to respond to PERK-mediated regulation of mRNA structures in order to control p47 expression. The findings highlight how p53mRNA co-evolved with the function of the encoded protein to specify p53-activities under different cellular conditions.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure-less wireless network that is used to monitor the physical or environmental conditions. In WSN, energy is the main constraint in congestion control that decreases the network's lifetime. This paper's main goal is to propose a novel clustering-based routing protocol to mitigate the congestion issue in the network and to maximise the lifespan of WSN. To control the congestion problem in WSN, an energy-efficient ultra scalable ensemble clustering is introduced in this paper. In addition, the flamingo search algorithm-based fuzzy inference system is applied for cluster head (CH) selection. Rat swarm optimisation is used to select the route between CH and BS. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methodology gives better results than the existing techniques and it enhances the energy efficiency of WSN. The residual energy of the proposed approach (5 J at 2,000 rounds) is greater than the existing methods.

Herein, we report intriguing observations of an extremely stable nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching (NVBRS) memory device fabricated using HfO2–TiO2topologically protected by Al2O3as a stacked base layer for a CH3NH3PbI3(MAPI) electrolyte layer sandwiched between Ag and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes. MAPI has been successfully synthesized by a rapid microwave–solvothermal (MW-ST) method within 10 min at 120 °C without requiring any inert gas atmosphere using low-cost precursors and solvents. Subsequently, MAPI powders are dissolved in aprotic solvents (DMF/DMSO = 8:2), and a spin-coated thin film is allowed to recrystallize upon annealing at 120 °C viaa solution-based nanoscale self-assembly process. The fabricated memory device with the Ag/MAPI/Al2O3/TiO2-HfO2/FTO configuration shows an enhanced resistance ratio of 105for >104s at an extremely lower operating voltage (SET +0.2 V, RESET −0.2 V) when compared to that of the pristine MAPI device (±1 V, 102, 104s). We show that the memory device also exhibits a remarkable endurance of ≥3500 cycles due to the Al2O3robust coating on the HfO2–TiO2layer, facilitating prompt heterojunction formation. Thus, the adopted innovative strategies to prepare structurally and optically stable (∼1.5 years) MAPI under high-humid conditions could offer enhanced performance of NVBRS memory devices for medical, security, internet of things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) applications.