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In this work, we proposed and demonstrated etch-stopper-layer (ESL) structured indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) Schottky-barrier thin-film transistors (SBTFTs) with hybrid Ohmic/Schottky contacts utilizing single-layer Cu source/drain (S/D) electrodes. In this unique yet simple configuration, the AlOx layer deposited on the IGZO layer serves not only as a protection layer for the IGZO channel during S/D electrode etching but also as an interfacial layer for modulating the Schottky barrier of the Cu/IGZO contact. This, combined with quasi-Ohmic contact of Cu/IGZO, enables the formation of hybrid contacts based on a single-layer Cu electrode. The ESL-structured SBTFTs with hybrid contacts show a two-order magnitude increase in saturation current ( ${I}_{\text {dsat}}$ ) compared to SBTFTs solely based on Schottky contacts, with high intrinsic gains exceeding 1500 at a gate voltage of 10 V, and good stability under gate bias and illumination stress. Utilizing technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation, the operation of ESL-structured IGZO SBTFTs was fully elucidated. Also, this study conducted a thorough investigation and analysis of the influence of source-drain gaps and Schottky contact lengths at the source on ${I}_{\text {dsat}}$ and saturation voltage ( ${V}_{\text {dsat}}$ ) for the devices. This work provides a promising route to fabricate low-cost metal oxide SBTFTs with significantly increased ${I}_{\text {dsat}}$ .

Electronic paper (E‐paper) relies on reflecting ambient light to achieve information display, which mimics the appearance of printed papers, but owns the features of conventional electronic displays. The outstanding characters of E‐paper including visual health, comfortable outdoor viewing and ultra‐low power consumption, attracts increasingly interests in display society. E‐paper technology has evolved slowly in the field of color reproduction and video frame rate, until the arise of electrowetting display (EWD) technology. Benefits from the innately high speed response of microfluidics, EWD enables the displaying of color video content. In this report, the basic physics of electrowetting displays, including electro‐optical response and color reproduction method will be discussed. In this presentation, recent progress on above topics, including printed conductive pillar directed oil motion control and parallax issue in CMY stacked EWD device will also be discussed.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa), a drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen, is listed among the “critical” group of pathogens by the World Health Organization urgently needing efficacious antibiotics in the clinics. Nanomaterials especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity are tested in antimicrobial therapeutic applications. Pathogens rapidly develop resistance to AgNPs; however, the health threat from antibiotic-resistant pathogens remains challenging. Here we present a strategy to prevent bacterial resistance to silver nanomaterials through imparting chirality to silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). Nonchiral AgNCs with high efficacy against P. aeruginosacauses heritable resistance, as indicated by a 5.4-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) after 9 repeated passages. Whole-genome sequencing identifies a Rhsmutation related to the wall of Gram-negative bacteria that possibly causes morphology changes in resistance compared to susceptible P. aeruginosa. Nevertheless, AgNCs with laevorotary chirality (l-AgNCs) induce negligible resistance even after 40 repeated passages and maintain a superior antibacterial efficiency at the MIC. l-AgNCs also show high cytocompatibility; negligible cytotoxicity to mammalian cells including JB6, H460, HEK293, and RAW264.7 is observed even at 30-fold MIC. l-AgNCs thus are examined as an alternative to levofloxacin in vivo, healing wound infections of P. aeruginosaefficaciously. This work provides a potential opportunity to confront the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance by developing chiral nanoclusters.

A premixer and grooved surface are designed to improve the micromixing performance of a spinning disc reactor (SDR). The inlets of the impinging jet provide an initial premixing of the two streams. The effects of premixing and grooved surface on the overall micromixing performance at different conditions are investigated systematically. The results show that premixing and trapezoidal groove surface could greatly intensify the global micromixing performance of SDR. Increasing the rotation speed and flow rate also significantly improves the micromixing effect. When the disc distance is lower than 0.80 mm, an extremely low inter disc distance deteriorates the micromixing. The effect of premixing on the micromixing performance of low viscosity streams is more significant than that of the spinning disc itself. However, for high viscosity streams, the micromixing performance strongly depends on the spinning disc. The flow patterns in the designed SDR were further studied. Three flow patterns, including film flow, film–filament transitional flow, and filament flow, were observed in SDR with a stator disc. High rotational speed, large disc spacing, and low volumetric flow rate are conducive to the formation of filament flow rather than film flow. Predicative dimensionless criteria for flow patterns were established. The results provide meaningful information for further intensifying the micromixing performance of SDR.

Droplet directional transport is one of the central topics in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications. Selective transport of diverse droplets, particularly in another liquid phase environment with controlled directions, is still challenging. In this work, we propose an electric-field gradient-driven droplet directional transport platform facilitated by a robust lubricant surface. On the platform, we clearly demonstrated a liquid-inherent critical frequency-dominated selective transport of diverse droplets and a driving mechanism transition from electrowetting to liquid dielectrophoresis. Enlightened by the Kelvin–Helmholtz theory, we first realize the directional droplet transport in another liquid phase whenever a permittivity difference exists. Co-transport of multiple droplets and various combinations of droplet types, as well as multifunctional droplet transport modes, are realized based on the presented powerful electric-field gradient-driven platform, overcoming the limitations of the surrounding environment, liquid conductivity, and intrinsic solid–liquid wetting property existing in traditional droplet transport strategies. This work may inspire new applications in liquid separation, multiphase microfluidic manipulation, chemical reagent selection, and so on.

Ion intercalation in graphite is widely used in desalination, batteries, and graphene stripping; it has high value in the fields of industry and research. However, selective ion transport, particularly (de)hydration energy and the hydration shell effect on the intercalation of ions into the graphite interlayer spaces, is still unclear. Here, we report low-voltage ion intercalation as observed by electrowetting on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite of an aqueous drop containing various inorganic salts. The electrowetting response exhibits asymmetric behavior with no contact angle change for the negative polarity and a threshold voltage for the onset of the contact angle change for the positive polarity. To explain the asymmetric electrowetting behavior and quantitatively predict the threshold voltage, we developed a physical model based on the hydration shell energy and size of the ion that undergoes partial breaking/deformation during the co-intercalation into the spaces between graphite layers. Electrowetting experiments using ions with various hydration energies and hydration radii were performed to confirm the prediction of the model. Further, we show a strategy to make the electrowetting response of LiCl drops symmetric via tuning the hydration energy of the Li+ions using a binary solvent of a glycerol–water mixture. This article will provide an understanding of the hydration (solvation) energy dependence intercalation mechanism in graphite for electrowetting, which underpins various processes such as ion battery applications and the graphene exfoliation process.

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been widely used in multi-phase fluid mechanics and is known to be more computationally efficient than the traditional method of numerically solving Navier–Stokes and Cahn–Hilliard equations. Electrowetting is an important component of interfacial sciences, in which the liquid–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces are tuned by electrostatics. Modeling electrowetting using the LBM can be categorized into surface and bulk methods. By modifying the surface tension scalar, the surface method easily reproduces the fundamental Young–Lippmann (YL) equation at low voltages but fails to capture contact angle saturation at high voltages. With fully coupled hydrodynamics and electrostatics in the form of spatially dependent matrices, the bulk method can successfully show contact angle saturation, but it is often unable to reproduce the YL equation due to its intrinsic inaccuracies. The inaccuracies are mainly due to the fact that while the hydrodynamics are all described by continuous physical quantities in the framework of diffusive interfaces, the interfacial electrostatics are governed by discontinuous electric fields caused by sheet charge density. In this paper, we show that accurately modeling electrowetting using the LBM is non-trivial. Additional modeling work, especially the treatment of interfacial electric fields, is needed to recover the fundamental YL equation at low voltages and predict contact angle saturation at high voltages, with a systematic model validation over key parameters and applications.

This article describes a high-input-impedance, low-noise bioimpedance (BioZ) sensor interface IC for small-area dry-electrode cardio-respiratory signals monitoring. To facilitate high-precision BioZ sensing with high-impedance dry electrodes, the IC utilizes three key techniques as follows: 1) a bias control loop (BCL) to eliminate the excitation current mismatch, reducing the voltage fluctuation on high-impedance input; 2) a quiet-chopping current feedback instrumentation amplifier (QC-CFIA) to mitigate the input-signal-dependent noise; and 3) a full pre-charge (FPC) technique to cancel the input parasitic capacitance for impedance boosting. Manufactured in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process, the BioZ prototype IC occupies an area of 0.4 mm2 while consuming 15.8- and 14.4–128.4- $\mu \text{W}$ current, respectively, from the amplifier and the excitation current generator (CG). With these proposed techniques, this IC achieves a high input impedance of 100 $\text{M}\Omega $ at 50 kHz, 0.5- $\text{m}\Omega /\surd $ Hz sensitivity at 1 Hz, and a 106-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A gel-free respiration and impedance cardiography (ICG) recording has been successfully demonstrated on the human body with four 0.45-cm2 dry electrodes.

In order to improve the shearing section quality of electrical silicon steels, the shearing force and section quality of oblique-shearing electrical silicon steels were studied under the states of no lubrication, liquid lubrication, and solid lubrication. The shearing contact mechanical model of oblique shearing electrical silicon steels was established to reveal the mechanism of the influence of lubrication on the shearing force in the shearing contact zone. The shearing force, section burr, shear surface rollover, surface hardening and other shearing characteristics were studied by experiments. The analysis showed that during the plate shearing process, the addition of lubrication reduces the friction between the tool and the plate, reduces the plate movement, delays the generation and expansion of cracks, and improves the shearing quality. This study can provide a reference for improving the shearing and machining quality of motor core material.

A facile approach to fabricate sustainable and large-scale polydopamine (PDA) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-coated cotton fabrics (P-Ag-P@CFs) as photothermal solar evaporators for efficient interfacial solar steam generation was proposed. The P-Ag-P@CFs were facilely fabricated in a large scale (2.3 m × 1.0 m) by coating PDA and AgNPs on cheap and green cotton fabrics via the self-polymerization of dopamine through a dip-coating combined with oven drying method and in situ reduction of Ag+by dopamine, respectively. Thanks to the synergistic effect of PDA and AgNPs, the P-Ag-P@CFs show remarkable light absorption and solar-to-vapor efficiency (over 90% for deionized water under 1-sun irradiation), resulting in a high evaporation rate of 1.378 kg m–2h–1. Moreover, the P-Ag-P@CFs display an excellent purification efficiency and degree for several kinds of aqueous solutions, such as seawater, simulated sewage, and industrial wastewater. The desalinated water is compliant with the standards of drinking water.

In this study, the deformable titanium (Ti) particles reinforced AZ91 composite was successfully prepared by powder metallurgy and subsequent extrusion. The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of pure AZ91 and 5Ti/AZ91 composite were studied. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of 5Ti/AZ91 composite are measured to be 212 MPa, 323 MPa, and 10.1%, respectively. Microstructure analysis revealed that Ti particles are elongated along the extrusion direction, forming a discontinuous strip Ti particles, fine precipitated Mg17Al12phase inhibits dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior through Zener pinning effect and hinders the growth of matrix grains, resulting in refiner grains of 5Ti/AZ91 composite. Heterogeneous deformed Ti particles and magnesium (Mg) matrix to generate additional heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening. Heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening mainly contributed to the increment of yield strength for 5Ti/AZ91 composite.

AbstractThe FGF/FGFR system may affect tumor cells and stromal microenvironment through autocrine and paracrine stimulation, thereby significantly promoting oncogene transformation and tumor growth. Abnormal expression of FGFR1 in cells is considered to be the main cause of tumorigenesis and a potential target for the treatment of cancer. In this study, a combination of structure-based drug carriers and molecular docking-based virtual screening was used to screen new potential FGFR1 inhibitors. Forty eight known inhibitors were collected to establish 3 D-QSAR models and pharmacophore models, investigate the relationship between the activity and conformation of compounds, and verify the efficiency of pharmacophore. In Accelrys Discovery Studio 2016, the ZINC database was filtered by Lipinski's Rule of Five and SMART's filtration. Then, Hypo01 was used for virtual screening of ZINC database. Compounds with predicted activity values less than 1 μM were molecularly docked with FGFR1 protein crystals, the docking results were observed, and the interaction between compounds and targets was studied. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and toxicity of potential inhibitors were studied, and a compound with new structural scaffolds were obtained. It could be further studied to explore their better therapeutic effects. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

For engineering materials, it is important to search for strategies to enhance certain combinations of mechanical properties, because many performances, such as strength and toughness, are mutually exclusive. Effective strategies have evolved in the biological tissues of many plants and animals to construct composite materials with unique combinations of mechanical properties. One impressive example is found in the hammer-like appendages of mantis shrimp, which are exceptionally resistant to crushing because they must withstand the reaction forces created when attacking prey. In this paper, quasi-static compression tests, advanced microscopic observation, and spectroscopic analysis were employed to identify a series of characteristic changes, including changes in mineral composition and arrangement of chitin fibers, and the resulting toughening mechanisms are also examined. The combination of experiments and finite element analysis revealed that by combining different fiber arrangements and components in adjacent macroscopic layers, longitudinal stress could be shifted to the lateral direction, hence efficiently enhancing longitudinal compression resistance while avoiding catastrophic failure. Overall, these findings further the understanding of the fiber structure and toughening mechanism of appendages, which may serve as a foundation for the development of tough bioinspired composites.

Graphic abstract:

•The tet(X6)-bearing Proteus terraesubsp. cibariusisolated from animal cecum.•The gene environment of tet(X6) in Proteuswas divided into three groups.•The tet(X) variants in Proteus terraesubsp. cibariusare clonally transmitted.

The microstructural optimization for electrode materials is a critical approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. This paper used pine wood as a precursor and prepared a self-supporting carbon electrode (CW) with developed porous structure through high-temperature carbonization. CW can be directly used as an electrode for supercapacitors without the need for binders or conductive agents. Subsequently, Ni3S2nanosheets were uniformly deposited on the surface and channel walls of CW by electrodeposition method, the self-supporting composite electrode composite electrode modified with Ni3S2nanosheets (CW@Ni3S2–20) was prepared. CW@Ni3S2–20 demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance, achieving a high specific capacitance of 3.075 F cm−2at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor CW@Ni3S2–20//HCW-0.7 was assembled using CW@Ni3S2–20 as the cathode. The hybrid supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density and excellent cyclic stability, at a current density of 4 mW cm−2, the energy density reached 0.42 mWh cm−2, and the capacity retention rate remained at 88.07 % after undergoing 5000 charge-discharge cycles under the current density of 100 mA cm−2.

The conversion and utilization of coal gasification slag is considered one of the key issues in the development of the modern coal chemical industry. In this work, porous carbon/Na-P1 zeolite composites were successfully prepared by a simple and easy-to-operate acid-alkali leaching method on the basis of the composition of coal gasification fine slag. The synthesized CZ-10 possessed a honeycomb-like porous carbon structure and a typical flower-cluster zeolite structure, with the specific surface area and pore volume reaching 195.68 m2/g and 0.257 m3/g, respectively. CZ-10 showed excellent adsorption performance, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 175.93 mg/g on methylene blue (MB) at 300 K. CZ-10 can effectively adsorb MB in a wide pH range, and the increase in pH was favorable for adsorption. According to the results of adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments, the adsorption process was in good agreement with PSO model and Sips model. According to the characterization results and adsorption experiments, it was speculated that the adsorption of CZ-10 on MB was mainly chemisorption, and may be affected by various factors such as ion-exchange, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, π-π bonding and van der Waals forces.

Fluorescent patterns with multiple functions enable high-security anti-counterfeiting labels. Complex material synthesis and patterning processes limit the application of multifunctional fluorescent patterns, so the technology of in situfluorescent patterning with tunable multimodal capabilities is becoming more necessary. In this work, an in situfluorescent patterning technology was developed using laser direct writing on solid cellulose film at ambient conditions without masks. The fluorescent intensity and surface microstructure of the patterns could be adjusted by programmable varying of the laser parameters simultaneously. During laser direct writing, carbon dots are generated in situin a cellulose ester polymer matrix, which significantly simplifies the fluorescent patterning process and reduces the manufacturing cost. Interestingly, the tunable fluorescent intensity empowers the fabrication of visual stereoscopic fluorescent patterns with excitation dependence, further improving its anti-counterfeiting performance. The obtained fluorescent patterns still show ultrahigh optical properties after being immersed in an acid/base solution (pH 5–12) over one month. In addition, the anti-UV performance of the obtained laser-patterned film with transmittance around 90% is comparable to that of commercial UV-resistant films. This work provided an advanced and feasible approach to fabricating programmable, performance-tunable, subtle fluorescent patterns in large-scale for industrial application.

This study aimed to identify tigecycline-resistant tet(X4)-bearing Escherichia fergusoniiisolated from pigs in China with a complete genome sequence.

Current mainstream display technologies include liquid crystal displays (LCD), Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED), and electrophoretic paper displays (EPD). The electrowetting display (EWD) is expected to become a new member of the display family due to its fast response speed, paper‐like reflective display. In recent years, technology breakthroughs of electrowetting have been made in EWD. EWD has achieved playing dynamic videos with the comparable performance of LCD and displays print‐level color images. The current EWD has reached the color gamut NTS 50%, refresh time 12ms, and 260000 colors display. The potential applications of EWD including education, mobile terminals, e‐book readers, outdoor billboards, etc. The advantage of EWD will create new markets which are not accessible now.

Wood possesses a uniform hierarchical porous structure and high mechanical strength, rendering it an excellent precursor for the preparation of self-supporting carbon electrodes without binders and conductive agents. This paper presents an efficient method for synthesizing a self-supporting carbon electrode (HCW-0.7) with high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structure and abundant surface functional groups, utilizing simple hydrothermal pre-treatment and one-step thermochemical conversion process. The HCW-0.7 electrode demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance, achieving an excellent specific capacitance of 298.52 F g−1under a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The wood-based symmetrical supercapacitor (HSC) constructed with HCW-0.7 as the electrode has excellent energy density, power density and rate performance. At the power density of 287.5 W kg−1, HSC demonstrates an energy density of 9.43 Wh kg−1, exhibits its excellent electrochemical performance. Notably, even when subject to a higher power density of 5750 W kg−1, the energy density remains at 5.16 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, even after 20,000 charge and discharge cycles, HSC demonstrates a remarkable capacity retention rate of 96.24 %.

Electronic paper displays have been well known as many superb features but currently find a limited application space in dedicated reading devices and shelf labels, the next generation electronic paper displays are highly expected the breakthrough in full color and video speed. In this perspective, we give an overview on the recent progress on color video electro‐fluidic display technology, in particular recent developments in modeling, materials, manufacturing, driving and industrialization.

Electronic current transformer (ECT) is responsible for collecting and transmitting measurement, protection, and control signals of substations, which is regarded as a critical device for the connection of primary and secondary equipment in an intelligent substation. Naturally, a well-designed ECT is essential to ensure a safe and stable operation of power systems. This paper attempts to provide a detailed discussion and analysis of the principle, structure and characteristic of ECT, which mainly focuses on the following three aspects, i.e., steady-state accuracy, frequency response test and transient spread characteristics test. For a comprehensive performance test, a laboratory test platform is established in intelligent substations to simulate actual operation condition of ECT and further implement error accuracy analysis, frequency response test, transient response test and long-term test. Simulation results show the influence of ECT on measurement and protection accuracy, which can provide theoretical basis and evaluation criteria for further improvement of digital measurement performance and large-scale application in intelligent substations.

Tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromic devices have attracted a lot of interest in the energy conservation field and have shown a preliminary application potential in the market. However, it is difficult to quantitatively direct experiments with the existing electrochromic theoretical models, which can restrict the further development of electrochromism. Here, an electrochromic physical simulation model of WO3films was built to solve the above problem. Experimentally, the actual electrochromic kinetics of WO3in the LiClO4/propylene carbonate electrolyte was determined as a continuous electron-transfer process by cyclic voltammetry measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Theoretically, the continuous electron-transfer process, Li+-ion diffusion process, and the transmittance change process were described by a modified Butler–Volmer equation, Fick’s law, and charge versus coloration efficiency/bleaching efficiency coupling equation, respectively. The comparisons between theoretical and experimental data were conducted to verify this model. The shape of the simulated current curves was basically consistent with that of experiments. Besides, the difference of transmittance between the simulation and experiments was less than 8%. The difference between theory and experiment was attributed to the influence of the electric double layer and the actual reaction interface. The success of the simulation was attributed to the accurate description of the electrochromic process by continuous electron-transfer kinetics. This model can be applied in the research of electrochromic mechanisms, experimental result prediction, and novel device development due to its clear physical nature.

Transporting oil droplets is crucial for a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications but remains highly challenging due to the large contact angle hysteresis on most solid surfaces. A liquid-infused slippery surface has a low hysteresis contact angle and is a highly promising platform if sufficient wettability gradient can be created. Current strategies used to create wettability gradient typically rely on the engineering of the chemical composition or geometrical structure. However, these strategies are inefficient on a slippery surface because the infused liquid tends to conceal the gradient in the chemical composition and small-scale geometrical structure. Magnifying the structure, on the other hand, will significantly distort the surface topography, which is unwanted in practice. In this study, we address this challenge by introducing a field-induced wettability gradient on a flat slippery surface. By printing radial electrodes array, we can pattern the electric field, which induces gradient contact angles. Theoretical analysis and experimental results reveal that the droplet transport behavior can be captured by a nondimensional electric Bond number. Our surface enables no-loss transport of various types of droplets, which we expect to find important applications such as heat transfer, anticontamination, microfluidics, and biochemical analysis.

Colistin is used as one of the last-resort drugs against lethal infections caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceaefamily. Enterobacteriaceaebacteria carrying the mcr-1colistin resistance gene are emerging in livestock and poultry, posing a serious threat to human health. However, there have been few reports about the prevalence and transmission of mcr-1along the regional chicken supply chain. In this study, the complete sequences of mcr-1–positive Escherichia coliST2705 and ST206 isolates obtained by screening 129 chilled chicken samples and 251 chicken fecal samples were investigated. Both of these isolates showed resistance to colistin, and importantly, the complete sequence of the mcr-1–positive E. coliST2705 in China was reported for the first time. The mcr-1gene was located on the IncHI2 plasmids pTBMCR421 (254,365 bp) and pTBMCR401 (230,964 bp) in strains ECCNB20-2 and ECZP248, respectively. Comparative analysis of mcr-1–bearing IncHI2 plasmids showed a marked similarity, indicating that these plasmids are very common and have the ability to be efficient vehicles for mcr-1dissemination among humans, animals, and food. Furthermore, an insertion (ISKpn26) in Tn6330(ISApl1-mcr-1-pap2-ISApl1) was identified in the plasmid pTBMCR401 and then compared; this insertion might affect the adaptability and stability of Tn6330. Taken together, these findings suggest that the IncHI2 plasmid might be a main factor affecting the transmission of mcr-1in the chicken supply chain and that the genetic context of the mcr-1–bearing IncHI2 plasmid is constantly evolving.

Electrofluidic Displays (EFD), as a promising reflective display technology, has unique advantage in flexibility because the mediums (oil&water) driven inside the pixel are completely soft maters. In this study, the reliability of the materials applied in the flexible EFD (FEFD) under bending were systematically evaluated. The mechanical neutral layer was designed to reduce the effect of stress. The UV acrylate, was chosen instead of traditional epoxy resin for sealing FEFD devices. Moreover, an open channel seal architecture was proposed to reduce the pressure building inside the cell during device bending.

Polymeric nanovehicles have been widely applied in many fields, but during the process of preparation, it is still hard to reach the balance between precise structure control and mass production. In the present work, using industrial pixel grids as the macroscopic template, we applied dual effects of confinement and dielectric difference to speed up the self-assembly of polymeric nanovehicles, even to regulate the generated mesostructures and cargo loading. Within 2 min, a poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide acid) (PEG-b-PDLLA) amphiphilic block copolymer layer was rapidly pushed off and broken down into uniform nanoparticles at 40 V. Hereinto, increasing volume of the outer aqueous phase in pixel grids favored the architectonic transformation of the generated nanovehicles from solid micelles with a diameter of 95 nm to hollow vesicles with a diameter of 232 nm. In particular, all the elements from the confinement cells to the preparation process can be completed via wet printing. Electric-field-induced pixel template technology is facile, cheap, controllable, and recyclable, and it is anticipated to promote continuous and bulk production of polymeric nanovehicles.