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This study used Celluclast-assisted hydrolysis and DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography to extract, purify, and assess the anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan derived from Sargassum fusiforme. The Celluclast-assisted hydrolysate was used for obtaining ethanol-precipitated S. fusiforme fucoidans (SFF) which were rich in polysaccharides and sulfates. Five fractions obtained through DEAE-cellulose chromatography, notably SFF-F5, displayed high sulfate content (29.16 ± 0.15%). The anti-inflammatory potential of these fractions was tested in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. SFF-F5 was found to significantly reduce NO production at non-toxic concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL. Structural analysis using Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed repetitive patterns in the fucoidan fractions. And Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS) spectrum of SFF fractions identified various structures of glycans bound with fucose and sulfate (Fuc 1 (SO 3) 1 , Fuc 2 (SO 3) 1 , Hex 5 Fuc 1 (SO 3) 1). In-silico evaluation based on the detected glycan structures indicated that fucoidan fractions could inhibit the dimerization of the TLR4-MD2 complex, demonstrating their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. This result confirm that the anti-inflammatory activity varies depending on the glycan composition of fucoidan. This study provides a foundation for further exploration into the relationship between the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of S. fusiforme -derived fucoidan, facilitating its effective industrial application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sargassum species are representative brown algae found worldwide, with 27 species native to the coast of Jeju Island in South Korea. Fucoidans are derived from brown algae and exhibit a variety of biological activities. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition is necessary for an in-depth study of fucoidans. However, quantitative analysis of fucoidans with complex structures according to species and habitat is insufficient. Furthermore, complex pre-processing is often required to analyze sugars, making it less economical. This study aimed to validate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV analysis based on 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization of monosaccharides. The proposed method had a short running time and could be repeated economically using UV detection. The detected PMP-fucose was confirmed to be uninterfered by comparing the analytical chromatograms of the internal standard solution. This analytical method was characterized for system suitability, precision, accuracy, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), demonstrating satisfactory results. The quantification was verified by comparison with the quantitative results of commercial fucoidan obtained using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of algal polysaccharides from Sargassum spp. isolated on Jeju Island was evaluated using a zebrafish model. Polysaccharides from Sargassum coreanum (SCpol) and Sargassum autumnale (SApol) showed remarkable free radical scavenging activities. In addition to the results obtained in the zebrafish experiments, all species-derived polysaccharides showed antioxidant potential. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a useful analytical method using HPLC-UV and PMP derivatives for the effective determination of monosaccharide contents, including fucose, in Sargassum spp. • An HPLC-UV method has been developed using PMP derivatization of monosaccharides • The method validated for the quantitative analysis of monosaccharides extracted from algae • The method shows satisfactory results for precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. • Excellent antioxidant effects of the polysaccharides from Sargassum species are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ishige okamurae (IO) extract and diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) were studied. • IO and DPHC enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy in sedentary adult male mice. • IO and DPHC increase mitochondrial activity in muscle tissue. • Algal consumption can prevent muscle deterioration in sedentary individuals. The prevalent sedentary lifestyle of adults has led to decreased physical activity and increased health risks. We aimed to investigate the effects of Ishige okamurae extract (IO) and its active compound diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) on muscle characteristics of physically inactive adult male mice. IO and DPHC supplementation did not lead to significant male hormonal imbalance in adult sedentary mice. However, they significantly increased muscle strength and hypertrophy in four major muscle groups. Furthermore, IO and DPHC treatment upregulated the expression of oxidative phosphorylation chain enzyme complexes in the muscle tissue, indicating enhanced mitochondrial activity. Thus, IO and DPHC exert positive effects on muscle health and function by improving mitochondrial function in physically inactive adult mice. Algal consumption can improve muscle-related indicators and prevent muscle deterioration in sedentary individuals. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these effects could provide valuable insights for developing interventions to enhance muscle health in individuals with limited physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are complex and heterogeneous compounds generated through various steps and are naturally produced during the glycation reaction. Excessively generated AGEs bind to long-lived proteins such as collagen and cause renal dysfunction, leading to AGE-related diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we aimed to confirm the therapeutic potential of marine biological resources by evaluating the role of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), a major phlorotannin compound contained in edible brown algae Ishige okamurae , in the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AGE-induced DN. The AGE formation inhibitory and AGE-collagen cross-link inhibiting/breaking ability assay were performed to evaluate the anti-glycation effect of DPHC. The AGE-RAGE interaction inhibitory effect was evaluated through molecular docking study. The renoprotective effect of DPHC was confirmed in mouse glomerular mesangial cells. DPHC treatment exhibited anti-glycation ability through suppression of AGE formation and AGE-collagen cross-linking generation, and disruption of cross-links formed between AGE-collagen. In addition, DPHC pre-treatment significantly suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular methylglyoxal (MGO)/AGEs accumulation, and activation of apoptosis cascade by MGO. Moreover, DPHC suppressed AGE-receptor for AGE (RAGE) interaction by competing with MG-H1 for the binding site of RAGE. Furthermore, DPHC pre-treatment regulated apoptosis-related protein expression and increased Nrf2, Glo-1, HO-1, CAT, NQO1, and SOD1. These findings prove that the chemical structural characteristics of DPHC have the potential to prevent or manage AGE-induced DN by effectively mediating the key mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis. [Display omitted] • Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) exhibited anti-glycation properties and had a competitive advantage over methylglyoxal (MGO) in binding to receptor for AGEs. • DPHC is effective in protecting MGO-induced renal damage by regulating apoptosis and Nrf2/Glo-1/ARE protein expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Extraction and isolation of fucoidan from Scytosiphon lomentaria. • Characterization of active fraction using FTIR and SEM. • Anti-inflammatory mediation via downregulating signaling pathways. • Potential candidates for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods. The brown seaweed, Scytosiphon lomentaria, is widely distributed worldwide but has received less research attention. Several studies have reported sulfated polysaccharides to be potential candidates for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods. However, their anti-inflammatory properties and underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Our findings revealed that S. lomentaria fucoidan fraction 5 (SLCF5) has the potential to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. The structural characterization of SLCF5 was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. LPS stimulation induced Prostaglandin E2, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related proteins, while SLCF5 treatment significantly downregulated their expression. In vivo results demonstrated that SLCF5 decreased heart rate, NO production, and cell death while increasing the survival percentage. Hence, this study will serve as a platform for future research while providing insight into the mediation of inflammatory disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floridoside [α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-2)-L-glycerol] from marine red algae Laurencia undulata ( L. undulata ) has received considerable attention as a bioactive compound especially for its beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of floridoside in the process of osteogenic differentiation in murine bone marrow mesenchymal (D1) cells and elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect. Under the osteogenic differentiation condition in D1 cells, floridoside showed up-regulation of the sequential markers such as alkaline phosphate (ALP), type I collagen, osteocalcin/osteopontin and mineralisation in the progression. In addition, mRNA levels of Runx-2 and Osterix with floridoside showed remarkable increase at days 14 and 21 compared to the control cells with only ODM media. Thus, our results suggest that floridoside can promote osteogenic differentiation via controlling the sequential markers at the early and late stages of osteogenic differentiation in D1 cells, and it may be a potential therapeutic agent for bone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An ACE inhibitory peptide from Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis exhibits (ETT). • ETT can inhibit Ang II-induced inflammation and apoptosis. • ETT (IC50 = 15.08 μM) antagonizes ACE in a non-competitive binding mode. • ETT has an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Microalgae are primary producers in marine ecosystems, and have been diffusely used in medicine and food. In this research, we evaluated the protective effects of polypeptides from microalgae, Isochrysis zhanjiangensis (EMFGTSSET, ETT) on endothelial injury in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results showed that ETT inhibited the fluorescence intensity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduces the expression of related cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, ET-1, AT-1, and adhesion factor. It blocks inflammation and apoptosis through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and serine/threonine kinase (Akt) signal pathways, thereby alleviating endothelial damage. Meanwhile, ETT (IC 50 = 15.08 μM) antagonizes Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) in a non-competitive binding mode, and has an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Therefore, ETT has excellent effect in regulating hypertension, can become the main component of potential functional food for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and further improve the use value of Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Two peptides LDAVNR and MMLDF were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of Spirulina maxima. [•] These peptides are effective against histamine production from mast cells. [•] These peptides significantly suppress cytokine generation from endothelial cells. [•] These peptides inhibit ROS production from mast cells and endothelial cells. [•] LDAVNR and MMLDF are functional peptides with potent anti-inflammatory benefits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present study, a peptide possessing antioxidant properties was isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scale gelatin. Gelatin protein was hydrolyzed using alcalase, pronase E, trypsin and pepsin. Antioxidant efficacy of respective hydrolysates were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical anion scavenging activities. Moreover, protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated was determined. Further, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using a fluorescence probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), which could be converted to highly fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) with the presence of intracellular ROS on mouse macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells. Among hydrolysates, alcalase-derived hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other enzymatic hydrolysates. Therefore, it was further analyzed and the sequence of an active peptide present in it was identified as Asp-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Thr-Glu-Pro-Asp-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe (1382.57Da). This peptide showed no cytotoxic effect on mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). In addition, it scavenged hydroxyl, DPPH and superoxide radicals at the IC50 values of 7.56, 8.82 and 17.83μM, respectively. These results suggest that the peptide derived from Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) scale gelatin acts as a candidate against oxidative stress and could be used as a potential functional food ingredient. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A peptide, LEDPFDKDDWDNWKS, was isolated from Hippocampus abdominalis. • The peptide could prolong running time of mice. • The peptide alter the expression of various biomarkers and reduce the accumulation of lactate. • The peptide improved mitochondrial function and protected muscle fibers. Seahorse is been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and invigorant for many years. Among, the seahorse is considered to have anti-fatigue effects. However, few researches have demonstrated such an effect. This study, the anti-fatigue effect of a novel peptide purified (SH200) from the seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of SH200 on exercise performance was assessed using a Rotarod test and clinical biochemical parameters. In addition, the expression levels of muscular-associated proteins were examined by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed that SH200 prolonged the running time of mice, reduced the expression of creatine, CK, LDH, l -lactate, Citrate, and increased the production serum glucose and FFA, hepatic glycogen, ATP, and SDH. Addition, SH200 also improved mitochondrial function and protected muscle fibers via AMMPK/PGC-1α signal pathway. Thus, the SH200 is a potential candidate natural agent that could be used to reduce physical fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]