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Background and aimsAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterised by acute decompensation of cirrhosis associated with organ failures. We systematically evaluated the geographical variations of ACLF across the world in terms of prevalence, mortality, aetiology of chronic liver disease (CLD), triggers and organ failures.MethodsWe searched EMBASE and PubMed from 3/1/2013 to 7/3/2020 using the ACLF-EASL-CLIF (European Association for the Study of the Liver-Chronic Liver Failure) criteria. Two investigators independently conducted the abstract selection/abstraction of the aetiology of CLD, triggers, organ failures and prevalence/mortality by presence/grade of ACLF. We grouped countries into Europe, East/South Asia and North/South America. We calculated the pooled proportions, evaluated the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and statistical heterogeneity, and performed sensitivity analyses.ResultsWe identified 2369 studies; 30 cohort studies met our inclusion criteria (43 206 patients with ACLF and 140 835 without ACLF). The global prevalence of ACLF among patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis was 35% (95% CI 33% to 38%), highest in South Asia at 65%. The global 90-day mortality was 58% (95% CI 51% to 64%), highest in South America at 73%. Alcohol was the most frequently reported aetiology of underlying CLD (45%, 95% CI 41 to 50). Infection was the most frequent trigger (35%) and kidney dysfunction the most common organ failure (49%). Sensitivity analyses showed regional estimates grossly unchanged for high-quality studies. Type of design, country health index, underlying CLD and triggers explained the variation in estimates.ConclusionsThe global prevalence and mortality of ACLF are high. Region-specific variations could be explained by the type of triggers/aetiology of CLD or grade. Health systems will need to tailor early recognition and treatment of ACLF based on region-specific data.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis associated with extrahepatic organ failure, and high short-term mortality. Previous studies have estimated a global prevalence of 35% with a mortality of up to 58% at 90 days of follow-up. There is sparse data of ACLF prevalence and mortality in Latin America using the European Association for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EASL-CLIF) criteria. This study aimed to characterize patients with ACLF in Latin America and estimate its prevalence and mortality.

Although the WHO strategy aims to eliminate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030, national strategies are variable worldwide. This study aimed to assess the establishment of different policies and strategies to eliminate HCV in the Americas.

To achieve WHO's goal of eliminating HCV, innovative strategies must be designed to diagnose and treat more patients. This study aimed to describe an implementation strategy to identify patients with HCV who were lost to follow-up (LTFU) and offer them re-linkage to Figure 1. Analysis of global DNA methylation. A) Representative dot blot using anti-5mC which recognizes global methylated DNA, anti-IgG as negative control and methylene blue staining as total DNA loading control. B) Graphs shows mean ± standard deviation of 5mC densitometry brand intensity of study groups. C) Graph that represents the percentage of global methylation of the DNA analyzed with ELISA.A one-way ANOVA statistical test and a Tukey post hoc test were performed. Group NT: only received vehicle; Group HCC: damage group induced by weekly administration of DEN and 2-AAF for 12 weeks; and Group HCC/PFD: which received the same treatment as Group HCC, plus PFD (300 mg/kg) (**p<0.005)Figure 1. Analysis of global DNA methylation. A) Representative dot blot using anti-5mC which recognizes global methylated DNA, anti-IgG as negative control and methylene blue staining as total DNA loading control. B) Graphs shows mean ± standard deviation of 5mC densitometry brand intensity of study groups. C) Graph that represents the percentage of global methylation of the DNA analyzed with ELISA.A one-way ANOVA statistical test and a Tukey post hoc test were performed. Group NT: only received vehicle; Group HCC: damage group induced by weekly administration of DEN and 2-AAF for 12 weeks; and Group HCC/PFD: which received the same treatment as Group HCC, plus PFD (300 mg/kg) (**p<0.005)Figure 1. Analysis of global DNA methylation. A) Representative dot blot using anti-5mC which recognizes global methylated DNA, anti-IgG as negative control and methylene blue staining as total DNA loading control. B) Graphs shows mean ± standard deviation of 5mC densitometry brand intensity of study groups. C) Graph that represents the percentage of global methylation of the DNA analyzed with ELISA.A one-way ANOVA statistical test and a Tukey post hoc test were performed. Group NT: only received vehicle; Group HCC: damage group induced by weekly administration of DEN and 2-AAF for 12 weeks; and Group HCC/PFD: which received the same treatment as Group HCC, plus PFD (300 mg/kg) (**p<0.005)

International studies have described an epidemiological change in patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with greater involvement of young people and risk groups. The reality in Latin America, particularly in Chile, is unknown. This study aimed to epidemiologically characterize HCV patients treated in the Chilean public health system (period 2016-2021) and compare these characteristics in two periods (2016 - 2019 vs. 2020 - 2021).

There are 71 million infected in the world and approximately 4 million in Latin America. In Chile, it is estimated that there are approximately 35-50 thousand infected, of which less than 10% have been identified and treated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-HCV in patients at high risk of infection using a rapid test for HCV.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Still, there are epidemiological and clinical data in Latin America. In Chile, this is the first study regarding HCC with a significant number of patients. This study aimed to obtain and analyze clinical and epidemiological data of Chilean patients with HCC.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical entity with organ failures and high short-term mortality. To Date, few ACLF reports have been published in Latin America. This study aimed to characterize patients with ACLF, identifying triggers, organ failure, and survival at 30, 90, and 180 days compared to patients with decompensated cirrhosis without ACLF.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical entity associated with elevated short-term mortality. We aimed to characterize patients with decompensated cirrhosis according to presence of ACLF, their association with active alcohol intake, and long-term survival in Latin America.

Frailty is characterized by a poor restoration of homeostasis after a stressor event. Although it is not usually diagnosed, it has been associated with decreased survival in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty and decreased gait speed over survival in cirrhotic patients at long-term follow-up.