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Toxoplasma gondiiinfections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cysts of T. gondiiis one major source of transmission of this parasite. It is important to guarantee the meat quality of China since our pork industry produces about half of the world's pork. In this study, a total of 746 pig samples were collected from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces in eastern China, and examined for T. gondiiinfection by PCR amplification targeting B1gene. In this study, we found that 57 of 746 (7.6%) pigs were positive for B1gene, with 8.5% (48/562) in Zhejiang province and 4.9% (9/184) in Jiangsu province, respectively. The positive DNA samples were further genotyped at 11 genetic markers, including SAG1, 5′-and 3′-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8, c29-2, and an apicoplast locus Apico through PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. Two genotypes (ToxoDB 9 and ToxoDB 10) of T. gondiiwere identified by PCR-RFLP in Zhejiang province. However, both genotypes were not determined from Jiangsu province, which is speculated on the low DNA concentration and the small number of samples. These results indicate that T. gondiiinfection is endemic in pigs in eastern China and may raise public food safety concerns, suggesting more interventions for T. gondii-related risks are needed in the future.

Pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata; Cucurbitaceae) are the rich source of nutrients and valued for their biologically active substances to be used for the treatment of several diseases. The contents, composition, and conformation of starch are the significant quality traits of C. moschata. Two germplasms were targeted for analysis regarding the taste difference. Results indicated that the total starch contents and amylose/amylopectin ratio were high in CMO-X as compared to CMO-E during each fruit development stage. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that smooth surface starch granules fused together to enhance the starch accumulation. For a comparison of fruit development in CMO-E and CMO-X, the putative pathway for starch metabolism was developed and homologs were identified for each key gene involved in the pathway. GBSSand SBEwere correlated with the difference in the amylose/amylopectin ratio of CMO-E and CMO-X. Conclusively, the developmental regulation of genes associated with starch accumulation can be considered as an important factor for the determination of fruit quality.

Plant structures and chemicals, which are developed from the shoot apical meristem (SAM), form the main barriers to insect feeding. A plant chimera containing cells of different genetic origins in the SAM will be morphologically and chemically different compared with the parents and thus may result in differential resistance to herbivores. In this study, we explore if particular elements of plant resistance are localized in one of the layers of SAM; the replacement of one cell layer in a chimera may be linked to change of a single resistance trait to herbivores. The morphology and glucosinolate profiles of two periclinal chimeras (labeled as TTC and TCC, respectively) and grafted parents tuber mustard (labeled as TTT) and red cabbage (labeled as CCC) were compared and the performance of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)in host selection, oviposition preference and development were assessed under controlled conditions. Both chimeras possessed leaf trichomes as parent tuber mustard TTT, however, TTC had significantly more trichomes than TCC and parent TTT. Leaf wax content of both chimeras was intermediate between the two parents. Five aliphatic and two indole glucosinolates were detected in both chimeras, whereas three aliphatic glucosinolates (3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl, 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl) were not detected in tuber mustard, and one aliphatic glucosinolate (3-butenyl) was not detected in red cabbage. Unexpectedly for a chimera, the quantities of two aliphatic glucosinolates (3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl and 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl) in both TTC and TCC were 3- to 5-fold higher than parents. In olfactory preference assays, B. tabacishowed preference to CCC, followed by TCC, TTC and TTT, and number of eggs laid showed the same pattern: CCC>TCC>TTC>TTT. Interestingly, more whiteflies landed on TTT plants than the other three types in a free choice experiment and the developmental duration from egg to adult was the shortest on TTT and increased in the order TTT

With the living standards improvement of rural residents, people pay more attention to the safety of drinking water in China. As the final step in drinking water treatment, disinfection technology has received much attention. At present, drinking water disinfection process is mainly involved in chlorine disinfection, chlorine dioxide disinfection, chloramine disinfection, disinfection of potassium permanganate, ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection. However, due to limitations in rural economic conditions and management level, only ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection are suitable for rural areas in China. This paper described some of the application problems and limitations in drinking water disinfection process, as well as the select principle in rural areas. The principle, research status, trends and issues in application of ozone and ultraviolet disinfection technology were emphatically introduced. Finally, the development of drinking water disinfection technologies was discussed.

The key propose of this paper is to design a IoT(Internet of Thing) based farm environmental monitoring system and to realize the automate management of agriculture and the implementation of precision production. The system consists of three layers which are sensor layer, transmission layer and application layer, respectively. The modular structure is adopted to develop coordinator node and router node which have flexible structures and strong versatility, the node connects with sensors through standard analog interface, on the basis of which, high reliability, flexible Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is built, the WSN can perceive environment information for greenhouse tomato growth in a real time way and transmit the data to the remote server management system reliably. Field experiments show that WSN is stable, reliable and provides basis for the scientific management of farm.

According to the characteristics of Fast Speed Mirror, the paper discusses that, in a FSM composite axis control system, the mechanism of the servo control, the main system performance, the speed loop of subsystem and effects of automatic zero locking system. Combined with traditional methods, a new structure of axial subsystem is proposed, to improve the rapid high-precision tracking technique. From theory to experimental model, the paper made a detailed analysis.

In order to solve the drying problems in the deep-processing of pepper, peppers were dried through blanching pre-treatment and hot-air drying process. Orthogonal test designs were carried out to investigate factors influencing the quality and moisture content of pepper. The results showed that the whole drying process was a reduction speed drying, hot-air temperature and wind speed have significantly affected on the drying rate of pepper, but the impact of hot-air temperature was more prominent than wind speed; hot-air temperature was found to be the primary parameter to affect the quality of the pepper, wind speed was the secondary one and followed by packing thickness; drying time was found to be the primary parameter to affect the moisture content of the pepper in the drying process, the best drying conditions were as follows: wind temperature was 80℃, wind speed was 10 m/s, packing thickness was 80 cm, drying time was 12 h after 100℃ steam blanching pre-treatment

This paper presents a grain moisture measurement method based on storage pressure. The system mainly includes the structure and circuit hardware design of a test sensor. The software system using visual programming language, combined with MATLAB, established a grain moisture model, to achieve the measurement on grain moisture. Finally, the experimental analysis was made on the system. The results show that this moisture measurement method is practical and stable.

A finite volume discretization method for solving the heat and mass transfer equations of drying jujubes was developed in this paper. Combined with the Labview program, development of a numerical simulation software for internal heat and mass transfer during drying of jujubes, and simulation of the drying process on the jujubes using the software. The results showed that the simulation results and experimental data were consistent.

A maize drying method of salt modulation is presented in this paper. Based on the thin-layer drying experiment [1], the effects of drying air temperature and salt amount on moisture removal rate is analyzed [2], and mathematical model equation is established on relationship between maize moisture ratio and drying time [3]. The experiment result shows that: a reasonable choice of the amount of salt, air temperature and other process parameters is useful to improve drying rate of maize. Salt modulated drying curve is exponentially. The more salt is added in, the faster the moisture removal rate. However, in the case of excessive salt, there may be a critical point of moisture change in the amount of salt until this point the faster the higher the salt amount, whereas the slower; if the critical changing point is higher than the safety moisture point, generally it will conductive to the maize moisture removal process.

Cucurbitaspecies (Cucurbita moschataand Cucurbita maxima) are rich sources of nutrients, especially carotenoids and carbohydrates. Metabolites in pulps of C. moschataand C. maximalines were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our results revealed that glucose and sucrose were the dominant sugars in C. maximaand C. moschata, respectively. A correlation was found between Brix percentage and sucrose levels as compared with glucose and fructose. A greater amount of myo-inositol had accumulated in C. moschatalines compared with C. maxima. Conversely, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity were found to be higher in C. maximalines than in C. moschata. A strong correlation of glucose, fructose, and sucrose with β-carotene and violaxanthin revealed that it will be difficult to develop pumpkin cultivars with both high inositol and carotenoid levels. In conclusion, the composition of carbohydrates and carotenoids was more diverse in C. moschatalines than in C. maximalines. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of metabolite changes in the fruits of these as well as other pumpkin species.