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Background:Despite the many roles spoken language interpreters play, there is little evidence exploring the assumed roles and their corresponding emotional impact when working with refugees in health and human services.Methods:Using Constructivist Grounded Theory, our team explored the experiences of 11 interpreters who had undergone migration to the United States to understand the roles they identify with and how those roles intersect with their emotional responses to clients’ stories, trauma, and shared experiences.Findings:Our findings indicate that interpreters embody diverse roles and exhibit a spectrum of emotional responses, including being a “voice,” a “cultural broker,” an “advocate,” and “being human.” These roles were linked to emotional responses ranging from workplace stress, empathy, and emotional toll to growth and satisfaction.Conclusions:Our field needs to address interpreters’ emotional needs and advocate for work environments that value inclusivity and the recognition of interpreters as vital members of the therapeutic alliance.

The Largemouth Bass (LMB) Micropterus salmoidesis one of the most popular freshwater sport fish in the United States, and managers in southeastern states have stocked its subspecies, the Florida Bass (FLB) M. salmoides floridanus, outside of the subspecies’ natural range to increase the size structure of existing LMBpopulations. In Tennessee, fisheries for LMBare concentrated in reservoirs of the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems; however, FLBstockings have to date been restricted to two reservoirs of the Tennessee River and have varied significantly in extent and duration. We quantified levels of genetic admixture between FLBand LMBby using 38 species‐diagnostic single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for 979 fish sampled from 14 reservoirs within the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems. We tested for differences in genetic admixture across river systems and evaluated the relative importance of fish stockings in explaining observed levels of genetic admixture. Levels of admixture and associated variation were higher in Tennessee River reservoirs (average percentage of FLBalleles: range = 6.3–30.4%) than in Cumberland River reservoirs (range = 5.7–13.4%), but admixture was not solely related to stocking rates. The highest levels of FLBintrogression were detected in Chickamauga Reservoir, the most extensively stocked reservoir in the state. Linear models identified fish stocked as a significant overall predictor of admixture, but we also observed stocked and unstocked reservoirs with similar levels of admixture, suggesting that factors other than stocking influence population genetics. Our statewide assessment of reservoir‐level patterns of hybridization among black bass was performed prior to the recent expansion of FLBstocking efforts in Tennessee and thus represents a baseline for evaluation of future stocking.

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ABSTRACT:The multitude of corporate scandals has prompted research that examines factors that influence an individual’s engagement in unethical behavior. This article extends previous research by examining the psychological processes through which unethical behavior may occur. We develop and test a model that uses self-regulation theory to explain and predict how and under what circumstances individuals are likely to engage in unethical behavior. Results from data collected from 107 professionals at two points in time and 205 employees from various industries confirm that job insecurity increases emotional exhaustion, which subsequently impairs an employee’s ability to activate self-regulating processes to avoid engaging in unethical behavior. However, the link between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion as well as the mediated relationship between job insecurity and unethical behavior through emotional exhaustion are weaker for employees who have high adaptability and stronger for employees who are highly embedded in their organization.

The goal of this study was to understand the perceived benefits and concerns of smart presence technology from continuing care retirement communities (CCRC) employees. We define smart presence technology as technology that enables an aural and visual presence (i.e. telepresence) with the added benefit of mobility. To better understand their perceptions of the benefits and concerns for smart presence systems, we conducted a needs assessment with CCRC nurses and staff (N=23). We employed a qualitative assessment and interviewed employees who were given first-hand experience operating the smart presence device. We found that there is potential for smart presence in CCRCs; however, employees were not without concerns. The top benefits that were mentioned included convenience and effort/time saving, visualization and socialization whereas the top concerns that were mentioned included limitations of the system, emotional harm to others/residents and physical harm to others. Knowing the employees’ perspectives of smart presence technology will provide insight on how smart presence technology may be used in retirement communities (e.g., resident interaction with family and friends, conducting meetings, etc.) and how to better design smart presence to meet CCRC employee needs (e.g. increase visibility, embed safety mechanisms, etc.).

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of severe maternal morbidity, cardiac arrest, and death during the hospitalization for childbirth. Protocol-driven care has been associated with improved outcomes in many settings; the National Partnership for Maternal Safety now recommends that PPH protocols be implemented in every labor and delivery unit in the United States. In this study, we sought to identify the level of PPH protocol availability in academic United States obstetric units. We hypothesized that the majority (>80) of academic obstetric anesthesia units would have a PPH protocol in place.

The theories of social exchange, task-technology fit, and technology acceptance are utilized in a field study of software development methodologies. This investigation includes the effects of user experiences on perceptions of acceptance and usage of a methodology. More specifically, perceptions of the outputs and deliverables from a methodology and perceptions of challenges and obstacles to using and applying a methodology were found to significantly and positively influence perceived usefulness and negatively influence ease of use of a methodology, respectively, within a developer’s organization. Perceived usefulness was a positive and strong antecedent to perceptions of fit between the methodology and client problems, and the strengthening of efficacy beliefs about the methodology.

The nomological network of the technology acceptance model is expanded through the addition of affective and task-preparation variables as antecedents to traditional predictors of technology acceptance:output quality, result demonstrability, and ease of use. An empirical study involving a visual/simulation information system, set in the domain of retail merchandise planning, finds that negative affectivity (NA) is a consistent and strong negative antecedent to perceptions of output quality, result demonstrability, and ease of use. In contrast, positive affectivity (PA) is a significant and positive antecedent to ease of use, but not necessarily a significant antecedent to either output quality or result demonstrability. A new construct developed from the job characteristics literature—perceived task preparation—measured the subject’s perceptions of the pre-system usage training, which included task design and modeling instruction, scenarios of activities within the prospective information system, discussions and review of the system documentation, and highly structured, pre-task system use activities. Perceived task preparation was found to be a significant and strong positive indicator of computer self-efficacy.

This research examines the impact of computer-mediated communication, distributed communication, and knowledge of prior baseline behavior on an individual’s propensity to make veracity judgments. This study found that more detection confidence can come from knowledge of a person’s prior baseline behavior, being proximally located, the type of communication media used, and perceived relational closeness. These factors indirectly lead to less deception detection through more detection confidence and reliance on the truth bias, a fundamental belief in the truthfulness of others, even in a compute- mediated environment.

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:49–51)There is a concerning trend of maternal mortality among nonwhite, impoverished, publicly insured women compared with white populations, and a patient’s care center could be a contributing factor to that mortality. Researchers have noted that high-risk medical centers who serve socially vulnerable populations tend to have poorer maternal outcomes, while white women frequently deliver in hospitals that have lower rates of severe maternal morbidity. Because of this imbalance, in-depth analysis is necessary to determine if higher morbidity rates can be attributed solely to the high-risk case rate in a certain area, or if some facilities provide a lower quality of care.

Poly [(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid] (PHB) is a prokaryote storage material for carbon and energy that accumulates in cells under unbalanced growth conditions. Because this class of biopolymers has plastic‐like properties, it has attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications and as a biodegradable commodity plastic. Current flow cytometric techniques to quantify intracellular PHB are based on Nile red. Here, an improved cytometric technique for cellular PHB quantification utilizing BODIPY 493/503 staining was developed. This technique was then automated using an automated flow cytometry system.Using flow cytometry, the fluorescence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cupriavidus necator with varying PHB content after staining with BODIPY 493/503 and Nile red was compared, and automated staining techniques were developed for both cultures.BODIPY 493/503 staining had less background staining, higher sensitivity and specificity to PHB, and higher saturation values than did Nile red staining. The developed automated staining procedure was capable of analyzing the PHB content of a bioreactor sample every 25 min and measured the average PHB content with accuracy comparable to offline GC analysis.BODIPY 493/503 produced an overall better staining for PHB than did Nile red. When combined with the automated system, this technique provides a new method for the online monitoring and control of bioreactors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

As diabetes becomes more prevalent in younger women, diabetes and maternal-child health issues such as breastfeeding co-exist with increasing frequency. We sought to determine the relationship between breastfeeding and both type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes (GDM) in a variety of clinical contexts, with a focus on prevention. The Medline database from 1966–2003, relevant references of selected articles, the Cochrane database, and the NIH Clinical Trials website were searched. Search terms included breastfeeding, infant nutrition, and diabetes. The search was restricted to the English language and human subjects. Each study was reviewed by at least two of the authors and included if it pertained to the relationship between type 2 diabetes or GDM and breastfeeding. Twelve of 15 identified studies (80%) met selection criteria. All studies were observational. Specific maternal-child health populations varied by study. Two of the authors abstracted information from each article on 1) study design, 2) target population, 3) sample size/power, 4) definition of breastfeeding, 5) definition of diabetes, and 6) confounders. Higher rates of pregnancy and neonatal complications among women with type 2 or gestational diabetes can pose significant challenges to breastfeeding. Low estrogen levels in breastfeeding women may have a protective effect on glucose metabolism and subsequent risk of diabetes. Having been breastfed for at least 2 months may lower the risk of diabetes in children. Initial research has begun on the long-term effects of diabetes during pregnancy on children. Breastfeeding may lower both maternal and pediatric rates of diabetes. Women with diabetes should be strongly encouraged to breastfeed because of maternal and childhood benefits specific to diabetes that are above and beyond other known benefits of breastfeeding.

The mechanism of the formation for cocurrent downflow pulse flow was studied experimentally in a packed bed of inert spheres of 3, 6, and 8 mm using an air−water flow. By measurement of the flow distance until pulses are observed, the spatial growth rate of convective disturbances within the pulsing flow regime were determined. Observations indicate that pulses form from trickling flow as the result of a global convective instability. Further, experiments indicate that an analogous transition exists for the formation of pulses from the dispersed bubble flow regime, except that pulses form as the flow rates are adjusted to become less severe. Existing global instability models based on averaged (dispersed flow) momentum equations were modified to explain experimental results. A key uncertainty in modeling pulse formation from trickle flow is the regularization (i.e., stabilization) force. Re-examination of this issue suggests some mechanistic inconsistencies with surface tension which had been used in previous studies. Consistent with the present experiments, it is proposed that gravity may be the primary restoring force. Incorporating gravity stabilization into the dispersed flow equations provides predictions that are at least as good as the previous models. A similar dispersed flow model is used to explain the bubbly flow to pulse transition. While predictions agree with experimental data for part of the range, model accuracy is limited by the accuracy of constitutive expressions for interaction forces between phases.

Little empirical research has addressed how trust building occurs across the early stages of a consumer's web experience. This paper tests the effects of privacy assurance and industry endorsement seals, reputation advertising by a web business, disposition to trust, and structural assurance on consumer trust across two early stages: the introductory stage, in which a consumer has only second-hand information about the site, and the exploratory stage, when the consumer first visits the website. The study found, first, that disposition to trust and structural assurance had a significant effect on trust in the web business in both the exploratory and introductory stages, showing that their effects did not erode over time. Second, reputation advertising was found to be an effective way to build trust. Third, counter to prevailing opinion and popular practice, neither a noticeable TRUST-e privacy seal nor a noticeable professional association seal had any significant impact on trust in the web business. When added to the other model variables during the exploratory stage, perception of site quality became the primary influence on trust, displacing some of the effects of disposition to trust and reputation advertising. This indicates that trust factors in the introductory stage differ somewhat from trust factors in the exploratory stage. Hence, these two stages require different strategies for building trust.

Early on a Saturday morning, a two‐inch pipe in an unoccupied building in a plant shut down for the weekend ruptured violently. There were no injuries because nobody was in the building at the time. Nearby piping was bent and ruptured by impact from the failed pipe, and there was other minor equipment damage. The released material did not ignite, and was contained by the building spill containment system. The initial investigation of the incident determined that the ruptured pipe had been liquid‐filled, blocked in by closed valves, and overheated. The investigation could have stopped at that point, blaming the rupture on thermal expansion of the trapped liquid. However, a more detailed root cause investigation that yielded significant new knowledge of the thermal stability of the material was performed. This knowledge also resulted in redesign of the plant piping and the emergency relief systems on a number of plant vessels.

The implementation of flow cytometry in many experimental settings can be limited by the extensive amount of sample handling and preparation required for analysis. We describe a system that automatically performs sample handling and flow cytometric analysis, thus allowing one to construct detailed pictures of changes in cell population distributions as a function of time. Cell samples from bioreactors were loaded into a microchamber designed to perform all sample preparation steps including washing, fixation, staining, and dilution. The sample was then transported into a sample loop of known volume from which it was injected into the flow cell for determination of cell counts and measurement of scattering and fluorescence parameters. The apparatus was fully automated and controlled with a personal computer equipped with a data acquisition card. An inexpensive mechanism that continuously replenished the sheath fluid was implemented to ensure continuous and uninterrupted operation of the flow cytometer for several days. The device was interfaced with a FACSCalibur equipped with CellQuest software for data acquisition and analysis. The set-up was tested with batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). On-line cell counts showed close agreement with off-line measurements throughout the exponential growth of a yeast culture. The time course of light scattering, GFP fluorescence, and viability distributions provided a detailed description of changes occurring in growing cell cultures based on sampling approximately every 15 min for more than 40 consecutive hours. Therefore, the device could be used to obtain descriptions of the dynamic behavior of cell populations with no user intervention required for several days. The system significantly expanded the utility of flow cytometry by eliminating cumbersome and time-consuming steps that make the application of flow cytometry impractical in certain situations. It is anticipated that the described set-up will find utility in biotechnology applications such as monitoring of cell cultures, screening of biologically active compounds, and in functional genomics efforts for phenotypic characterizations of cells. Cytometry Part A 51A:87–96, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

This study describes the construction and initial validation of a scale that measures four indirect impression management tactics identified by Cialdini (1989). The scale measures the connection-focused tactics of Boasting, Blurring, Blaring, and Burying. The scale development consisted of the multiple stage process identified by Hinkin (1998). Stage 1 included holding three separate focus groups to generate the initial items. Stages 2 and 3 included two data collections to first explore and then confirm the factor structure of the impression management by association scale. A final data collection in Stage 4 assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of the impression management by association scale. Overall, the impression management by association scale satisfactorily represented the four factors conceptualized by Cialdini (1989), although more refinement is needed to better distinguish the Burying from the Blaring factor. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

A model of customer service behavior and outcomes was proposed and tested among managerial-supervisory personnel (N = 250) from 11 hotel properties within six large national and international hotel companies. Confirmatory factor analyses yielded a reliable approach to examine elements of customer service and outcomes in a service-based setting. Specifically, organizational support was represented by two independent dimensions of coworker support and supervisory support. A dimension of standards for service was presented and validated as a central mediating factor in the perception of service processes, along with customer (guest) orientation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions as outcome measures in a path model of customer service behavior.

This manuscript reports on three studies that utilized five different samples (N = 1211) to construct and validate a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. The six dimensions of conflict measured include the combination of three forms of work–family conflict (time, strain, and behavior) and two directions of work–family conflict (work interference with family and family interference with work). The three studies assessed the content adequacy, dimensionality, reliability, factor structure invariance, and construct validity of the scale. The design of the final scale provides future researchers the flexibility to measure any of the six dimensions of work–family conflict individually. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

This paper presents a methodology and results of an experiment to assess the usability of menu items constructed of text, icons, and text-and-icons. Attributes of menu items are used to form a matrix which can be used to classify menu items for use in certain applications, tasks, or with users of particular experience levels. An experiment was conducted to validate a portion of the attribute matrix. Performance measures were accuracy of selection and time to make a selection. Results suggest that menus constructed of a mixed format (text and icons) result in the fewest number of incorrect selections by users. No significant differences in the time to make a selection were found.

Volleyball has become an extremely popular participation sport worldwide. Fortunately, the incidence of serious injury is relatively low. The sport-specific activity most commonly associated with injury is blocking. Ankle sprains are the most common acute injury. Recurrent sprains may be less likely to occur if an ankle orthosis is worn. Patellar tendinitis represents the most common overuse injury, although shoulder tendinitis secondary to the overhead activities of spiking and serving is also commonly seen. An unusual shoulder injury involving the distal branch of the suprascapular nerve which innervates the infraspinatus muscle has been increasingly described in volleyball players in recent years. Hand injuries, usually occurring while blocking, are the next most common group of injuries. Fortunately, severe knee ligament injuries are rare in volleyball. However, anterior crutiate ligament injury is more likely to occur in female players. Many of these injuries may be preventable with close attention to technique in sport-specific skills and some fairly simple preventive interventions.

Dubowitz syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, eczema, telecanthus, epicanthal folds, blepharophimosis, ptosis, and broadening of the bridge and tip of the nose. The initial patients described had varying degrees of mental retardation and there is little information about long-term developmental outcome. We present a boy with Dubowitz syndrome who does not have developmental delays, providing additional evidence that the phenotype includes normal neurodevelopmental status. Am. J. Med. Genet. 68:216–218, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Objective: To compare the compliance, side effects and efficacy of amoxicillin and azithromycin for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy.

Discusses considerations in selecting engineering firms or consultants construction projects. Restriction of competitive bidding of engineering services for public entity projects in Texas; Evaluation of qualifications; Assistance from the Texas Society of Professional Engineers.