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• Residents' winter outdoor activities duration has an independent positive impact on immune level. • Environment perception moderates the efficiency of outdoor activities on improving immune level. • Residential areas with poor cold climate adaptation design inhibit the promotion of immune level. The urban residential environment has a significant impact on the human immune levels and sustainable development. Existing studies mostly measured immune levels indirectly through other physiological or psychological indicators, and rarely considered the impact of local climate factors. This study used medical physiological techniques to detect the immune level of typical residential residents in Harbin, which is located in severely cold areas, and synchronous recorded residents' subjective perception and outdoor activity characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation models are used to evaluate the impact of the built environment on immune levels. Research results have shown that a longer duration of outdoor activity, has a positive impact on residents' immune levels in winter (p <0.05). Further analysis shows that residents' subjective environment perception moderates the efficiency of outdoor in improving immune levels (p <0.05). Simultaneously, in residential areas with poorer cold climate adaptation design, residents' immune levels improvement is more inhibited. From the perspective of improving the immune levels, this study can provide a empirical basis for the sustainable and healthy residential areas outdoor environment design under severely cold climate background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most leukemia patients experience little benefit from immunotherapy, in part due to the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment. Various metabolic mechanisms orchestrate the behaviors of immune cells and leukemia cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, leukemia cells regulate the bone marrow microenvironment through metabolism to generate an adequate supply of energy and to escape antitumor immune surveillance. Thus, the targeting of the interaction between leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment provides a new therapeutic avenue. In this review, we describe the concept of the bone marrow microenvironment and several important metabolic processes of leukemia cells within the bone marrow microenvironment, including carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. In addition, we discuss how these metabolic pathways regulate antitumor immunity and reveal potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]