Search

In 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first oral immunotherapy Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Allergen Powder-dnfp (PTAH) for the mitigation of allergic reactions to peanut. Treatment involves an initial dose escalation appointment followed by ‘up-dosing’ appointments at ≥2-week intervals for approximately 6 months. Daily dosing at home is required, and patients remain on long-term daily maintenance treatment. This study sought to understand patient and caregiver experiences of treatment in a real-world setting.

Aims.We present near ultraviolet (NUV: 1750–2800 Å) and far ultraviolet (FUV: 1350–1750 Å) light-curves for flares on 4 nearby dMe-type stars (GJ 3685A, CR Dra, AF Psc and SDSS J084425.9+513830.5) observed with the $\it GALEX$satellite.

Models of language processing which stress the autonomy of processing at each level predict that the semantic properties of an incomplete sentence context should have no influence on lexical processing, either facilitatory or inhibitory. An experiment similar to those reported by Fischler and Bloom (1979) and Stanovich and West (1979, 1981) was conducted using naming time as an index of lexical access time. No facilitatory effects of context were observed for either highly predictable or semantically appropriate (but unpredictable) completions, whereas strong inhibitory effects were obtained for inappropriate completions. When lexical decision time was the dependent measure, the same results were obtained, except that predictable completions now produced strong facilitation. In a further experiment the inhibitory effects of context on lexical decision times for inappropriate targets were maintained, even though unfocussed contexts were used, in which no clear expectancy for a particular completion was involved. These results were interpreted in terms of a two-factor theory which attributes the facilitation observed with the lexical decision task to postaccess decision processes which are not involved in the naming task. The inhibitory effects were attributed to interference resulting from semantic integration. In contrast to the results for sentence contexts, lexical contexts of the doctor-nurse variety produced clear facilitation effects on naming time (but no inhibitory effects). It was also shown that relatively minor variations in the type of neutral context could completely alter the relative importance of facilitation and inhibition.

Models of language processing which stress the autonomy of processing at each level predict that the semantic properties of an incomplete sentence context should have no influence on lexical processing, either facilitatory or inhibitory. An experiment similar to those reported by Fischler and Bloom (1979) and Stanovich and West (1979, 1981) was conducted using naming time as an index of lexical access time. No facilitatory effects of context were observed for either highly predictable or semantically appropriate (but unpredictable) completions, whereas strong inhibitory effects were obtained for inappropriate completions. When lexical decision time was the dependent measure, the same results were obtained, except that predictable completions now produced strong facilitation. In a further experiment the inhibitory effects of context on lexical decision times for inappropriate targets were maintained, even though unfocussed contexts were used, in which no clear expectancy for a particular completion was involved. These results were interpreted in terms of a two-factor theory which attributes the facilitation observed with the lexical decision task to postaccess decision processes which are not involved in the naming task. The inhibitory effects were attributed to interference resulting from semantic integration. In contrast to the results for sentence contexts, lexical contexts of the doctor-nursevariety produced clear facilitation effects on naming time (but no inhibitory effects). It was also shown that relatively minor variations in the type of neutral context could completely alter the relative importance of facilitation and inhibition.

Novel sample preparation and data reduction techniques were used to determine quantitative phase abundances from in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction data and to follow the rate of solid-state reactions. This is illustrated by a study of the formation of YBa₂Cu₃O₆ from an intimate mixture of BaCO₃, CuO, anti Y₂O₃ under controlled atmospheres. Thin layers of precursor powder were used as samples to minimize thermal gradients and obtain suitable data for Rietveld refinement. The mass fractions of the reacting phases were determined by comparing the integrated intensities of selected reflections acquired over short time intervals during the reaction to those at the end of the reaction. Phase abundances were quantified via Rietveld refinement of room-temperature diffraction data taken upon completion of the reactions. Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press

Form-priming occurs when a prime that is graphemically similar to the target word facilitates processing of the target. In an activation model (such as Morton's logogen model), such an effect can be interpreted as a partial-activation effect. A prime that shares letters with the target must inevitably produce activation in the detectors for both the prime and the target. Alternatively, form-priming could be seen as a special case of repetition-priming, in which the prime actually accesses the entry for the target. It is shown that masked-priming effects in the lexical decision task can be obtained for graphemically related pairs such as bontrast-CONTRAST, but not for four-letter pairs such as bamp-CAMP.It is suggested that the priming effect is controlled by neighbourhood density, short words usually having many neighbours, long words having very few. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that form-priming does occur for four-letter words if the prime and target are drawn from low-density neighbourhoods. For a partial-activation theory, an inhibitory mechanism that is sensitive to the number of prime-neighbours is required to explain the results. Of the several versions of a repetition account considered, the “best match” hypothesis appears to be the most promising: this assumes that priming is limited to the stimulus that best matches the prime. It is also shown that prime-target pairs that are related in form and meaning (e.g. made-MAKE) produce the same priming effect as identical pairs, as predicted by a repetition account that assumes a common entry underlying both forms.

Two reversible reactions are involved in YBa2Cu3O6xformation: a reaction between BaCO3and CuO forming BaCuO2and CO2, and a reaction of BaCuO2with Y2O3and CuO forming YBa2Cu3O6which undergoes phase transformation to YBa2Cu3O6xupon cooling. Insitu isothermal time resolved HTXRD of a thin film was used to quantify the effect of CO2on the kinetics of the first reaction. Increased CO2partial pressure shifts the reactions to higher temperatures. At high CO2partial pressure >2 vol. , the rate of the first reaction becomes essentially a step process with a very high activation energy. Noninstantaneous nucleation of the reaction products occurs at low CO2partial pressure 0.5–1 and temperatures 700°C. The data fit a 2D diffusioncontrolled mechanism with a zero nucleation rate for BaCO3decomposition and a secondorder nucleation rate for YBa2Cu3O6formation. A comparison of the kinetics of a thin film 10 mm as determined by HTXRD with those of a thick sample 2 mm determined by TG revealed that the transport of CO2within the sample pores and to the ambient gas significantly affect the decomposition of BaCO3. For example, the formation of YBa2Cu3O6in a thick precursor layer occurs in the 840 to 940°C range, exceeding by about 200°C that in which it is formed in thin films.

We describe a modification of the tetracycline-inducible eukaryotic gene expression system with decreased basal levels of expression in HeLa cells. It employs the tetracycline-inducible transactivator and a tetracycline-regulated repressor fusion acting on the same promoter. To avoid heterodimerization or competition for the same DNA site, each was provided with different DNA recognition and/or protein dimerization specificities. We achieved active silencing in the uninduced state resulting in approximately 6-fold reduced levels of basal transcription and several hundred-fold activation of gene expression upon addition of tetracycline.

Zusammenfassung Es werden Überempfindlichkeits-Erscheinungen bei Bienengiftarbeiterinnen erstmalig beschrieben. Für dieselben wird nicht das beim Stich injizierte Bienengift, sondern ein Geruchstoff verantwortlich gemacht, welcher beim Stich von Bienen wahrzunehmen ist und welcher anscheinend durch Ätherextraktion von nativem Bienengift isoliert werden kann. Die Erscheinungen, welche ohne therapeutische Maßnahmen in wenigen Tagen wieder völlig verschwinden, werden als allergische Reaktion angesehen.