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Globally, an estimated 36.9 million (31.1–43.9 million) people were living with HIV in 2017, of whom 17.8 million were women and 1.8 million (1.3–2.4 million) children under 15 years of age. Ethiopia has developed an HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment strategic plan in an investment case approach that has been implemented from 2015 to 2020. The study aim was to assess the outcome and risk factors for HIV-exposed infants receiving Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) follow-up. A cross-sectional retrospective study was done. All HIV-exposed infants who were on follow-up in the ART and (PMTCT) clinics of St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, and Selam Health Center beginning from September 2016 to January 2019 were included. Data collection was done using a well-designed questionnaire and a review of mothers' and infants' medical record charts and HMIS log book. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Differences are considered statistically significant at p < 0.05, and their strength is presented using an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Among the 302 enrolled HIV-exposed infants, 27 (8.9%) were diagnosed as HIV positive. Maternal ART initiation during labor and delivery (AOR = 3.468, 95% CI: 1.22, 13.34, p = 0.04), frequent hospital admission of the infant (AOR = 17.49, 95% CI: 5.41, 56.2, p = 0.001), and mixed feeding option (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI: 2.212, 30.77, p = 0.02) were the major factors associated with positive HIV serostatus among HIV-exposed infants. and Recommendation: The level of HIV infection among infants born to HIV-positive mothers is high as compared to the national and WHO goals. Exclusive breastfeeding should be advocated for all HIV-exposed infants, especially in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia due to the increased prevalence of diarrheal illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the survival of patients who attended surveillance after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with those who were non-compliant. MEDLINE and Embase were searched using the Ovid interface. A systematic review was conducted complying with the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies compared survival in EVAR surveillance compliant patients with non-compliant patients. Non-compliance was defined as failure to attend at least one post-EVAR follow up. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework. Primary outcomes were survival and aneurysm related death. Effect measures were the hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated using the inverse variance or Mantel–Haenszel statistical method and random effects models. Thirteen cohort studies with a total of 22 762 patients were included. Eight studies were deemed high risk of bias. The pooled proportion of patients who were non-compliant with EVAR surveillance was 43% (95% CI 36 – 51). No statistically significant difference was found in the hazard of all cause mortality (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.61 – 1.77), aneurysm related mortality (HR 1.80, 95% CI 0.85–3.80), or secondary intervention (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.31 – 1.41) between patients who had incomplete and complete follow up after EVAR. The odds of aneurysm rupture were lower in non-compliant patients (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39 – 1.01). The certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes. Subgroup analysis for patients who had no surveillance vs. those with complete surveillance showed no significant difference in all cause mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.43 – 2.80). Patients who were non-compliant with EVAR surveillance had similar survival to those who were compliant. These findings question the value of intense surveillance in all patients post-EVAR and highlight the need for further research on individualised or risk adjusted surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determinants of participation in longitudinal studies are crucial for prevent attrition. To analyze determinants of participation in a follow-up survey among nursing students. Prospective longitudinal study among nursing students. We examined individual and contextual determinants of participation in an online follow-up survey (2018) among nursing students that had completed the paper-and-pencil questionnaire in baseline (2015–2016), using a multilevel logistic regression models. From the 4381 baseline participants, we identified 3440 eligible persons. The number of participants in the follow-up survey was 1252 (28.6%). Determinants of participation at follow-up were being female, aged ≤19 year-old in comparison with those older than 20, and being a never smoker compared with a current smoker. Nursing students' participation at the online follow-up survey was moderate. Being female, aged ≤19 year-old, and being never smoker were determinants of participation. To boost participation in online surveys, some strategies such as adapted communications channels, the use of reminders and incentives should be included. • In longitudinal studies, the continuation of the subjects' participation is one of the biggest challenges. • The method of data collection and individuals' sociodemographic characteristics can influence participation rate. • Determinants of participation in the follow-up were being female, aged ≤19 years old, and being never smokers. • The use of adapted communications channels, reminders, and incentives are effective strategies to boost participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the natural history of abdominal aortic ectasia (AAE) measuring 25 – 29 mm in maximum diameter, and to determine the optimal follow up based on the growth, risk of rupture, and overall mortality of AAE. MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of AAE in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar were searched, with the help of a health sciences librarian, up to 11 August 2021. Studies with longitudinal outcomes of AAE (prevalence, annual growth rate, aneurysmal enlargement, rupture, aneurysm related death, and all cause mortality) were included. Meta-analyses were conducted with a random effects model Twelve studies describing a total of 8 369 patients were eligible. The prevalence at population based settings was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4 – 4.0); annual growth rate was 0.82 mm/year (95% CI 0.20 – 1.45). The estimated risks of aortic diameters exceeding 30 mm and 55 mm in five years were 45.0% (95% CI 28.5 – 61.5) and 0.3% (95% CI 0 – 0.6) respectively, while those beyond five years were 70.2% (95% CI 46.9 – 93.6) and 5.2% (95% CI 2.2 – 8.2). The rates of rupture and aneurysm related death were minimal until five years (0.1% and 0.1%, respectively) and beyond (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively). Overall mortality was 7.5% (95% CI 3.9 – 11.0) and 17.3% (95% CI 9.5 – 25.1) up to and beyond five years. Overall mortality from three studies showed no statistical difference between AAE and aneurysms (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.32 – 1.21; p =.16). Cancer (35.0%) and cardiovascular diseases (31.9%) were major causes of death. AAE carries minimal risk of aneurysm related lethal events during the first five years, but a similar overall mortality risk as abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death in patients with AAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The edge-to-edge mitral valve repair technique, invented by Alfieri and colleagues, introduced valve repair as a treatment option for patients with complex diseases where standard annuloplasty and related repair techniques are insufficient, due to annular calcification and patient frailty. We retrospectively evaluated the results of a transaortic edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (Alfieri stitch) in high-risk patients who were undergoing aortic valve replacement. From February, 2012 to December, 2017, 43 patients underwent transaortic edge-to-edge mitral valve repair with concomitant aortic valve replacement at a single institution. Preoperative and postoperative echocardiograms were compared. Home telephone follow up was conducted and postoperative morbidity was examined, including the need for reoperation, stroke and cardiac arrhythmia. 30-day and long-term survival rates were also determined. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was graded semi-quantitatively as 0 (trace and/or none), mild (1), moderate (2) or moderate to severe (3-4). The patients were 74 ± 7.8 years old. 65% of the patients were male. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 115 ± 37 minutes and mean cross-clamp time was 71 ± 23 minutes. There was a significant improvement in preoperative vs postoperative median MR grade (2 (IQR 2-3) vs 0 (IQR 0-1); P = 0.05). Follow-up transthoracic echocardiograms in 29 patients obtained at a median of 9 months' (range 3 - 19 months') and in 16 patients at a median of 34 months' postoperatively (range 21 - 53 months') showed mild (1 (IQR 1-2)) grade of mitral regurgitation. 30-day survival was 98%. Long term survival at 12 and 24 months' were 88% and 81% respectively. Mitral valve reoperation was conducted in 1 patient (2%), who was suffering of endocarditis. Stroke occurred in 2 patients (7%). Cardiac arrhythmia was observed in 15 patients (35%). 8 patients (19%) suffered from atrial fibrillation and 7 patients (16%) displayed atrioventricular blockage. 10 patients (23%) could be treated conservatively and 5 patients (12%) needed implantation of a pacemaker. Transaortic edge-to-edge mitral valve repair can be safely performed during aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients and improves even long-term MR grade. Postoperative cardiac arrhythmia occurs frequently. 66% of them could be treated successfully by conservative procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the radiological sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a mid-term follow-up and investigate their relationship with clinical-radiological findings. This prospective study included COVID-19 patients who underwent a CXR three months after discharge. The relationship between CXR score at three months after discharge and clinical findings and previous CXR scores, at admission and before the discharge, were evaluated. Then, based on mid-term follow-up CXR score, patients were divided in Group A (score = 0) and Group B (score≥1), and clinical-radiological findings were compared between two Groups. Finally, we calculated the CXR scores at admission and before the discharge with the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict normal and abnormal CXR score at mid-term follow-up. The study included 119 patients, mean age 65.9 ± 14.6 years. The oxygen saturation (Sa O2) (p = 0.0006), the days of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and the CXR score before the discharge (p = 0.0091) were independent factors to predict the mid-term follow-up CXR score. The Group A, 59 (49.6%) patients, had CXR scores at admission and before the discharge lower than Group B. The CXR scores at admission and before the discharge with the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict normal and abnormal CXR score at mid-term follow-up were, respectively, 3 and 2 (p < 0.0001). The radiological abnormalities were present in about half patients three months after discharge, which had higher age, previous CXR scores and longer hospitalization. The S O2 , days of hospitalization and previous CXR scores were independent factors for predicting the CXR at three months. The radiologist with CXR could play a central role in mid to long-term follow-up of COVID-19, assessing the radiological sequelae of patients and identifying those who might require a closer follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) will develop recurrences of their tumour after their first resection. Flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthesia with Holmium-YAG laser ablation of tumour (FHoLAT) is safe, well tolerated procedure with significant cost savings when compared to cystoscopy under general or regional anaesthesia. We retrospectively analysed the outcomes of a large series of patients undergoing FHoLAT at our institution between April 2006 and September 2013. Patients and methods: Patients were offered FHoLAT if the tumour recurrence was small and/or they were deemed unfit for regional or general anaesthesia. Patient data was extracted from medical records. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results: 232 patients with a total 522 FHoLAT procedures were included. The median follow-up was 74.8 (43.5–101) months; 18% were discharged after a recurrence free follow-up duration; 52.2% had one FHoLAT, 19.8% had two FHoLATs, 11.2% had three FHoLATs and 16.8% had four or more FHoLAT. At initial diagnosis 24.1% of patients had G1pTa, 47% G2pTa, 9.9% G3pTa and T1 in 18.9%. 4.3% had concurrent carcinoma in situ. At 10 years, OS was 47.4%, CSS was 94.1%, PFS was 82.1%, RFS was 15.8%. Conclusions: FHoLAT for bladder tumour recurrences has an acceptable CSS and PFS for patients with small low-grade tumours or patients with high-grade or T1 tumours who are unfit for regional or general anaesthesia. The role of FHoLAT in unfit patients seems clear, but further prospective trials are needed to define its role in other patient groups, particularly high-grade NMIBC. Level of evidence: 3b-4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital dermoscopy follow up (DDF) is useful in improving the recognition of melanoma, catching early changes over time, although benign nevi can also show changes. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) improves accuracy in diagnosing melanoma and decreases the number of unnecessary resections.Objective: To evaluate dynamic dermoscopic and RCM changes during follow up of equivocal melanocytic lesions and assess the impact of adjunctive RCM to DDF for melanoma diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study of extrafacial atypical melanocytic lesions excised during follow up was performed. Morphologic changes were evaluated, comparing dermoscopy and RCM baseline and follow-up images.Results: One hundred thirty-seven atypical melanocytic lesions were studied, including 14 melanomas and 123 benign nevi. Significantly greater changes in DDF of atypical network, regression, atypical streaks, and asymmetrical growth as well as in dynamic RCM of atypical cells and dermal-epidermal junction disarray were noted in melanomas. With adjunctive dynamic RCM and major changes at DDF, sensitivity reached 100%, with 40.6% specificity.Limitations: Selected series of difficult to recognize lesions, with both DDF and dynamic RCM images.Conclusion: Adjunctive dynamic RCM improves early melanoma recognition sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate long-term follow-up after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) remains a challenge. To evaluate if type of insurance correlated with differences in the 5-year follow-up and outcomes of a cohort of bariatric surgery patients in a community-based accredited center. Accredited private practice bariatric center in the United States. We studied bariatric surgery patients that underwent MBS in 2015 by a single surgeon in an accredited, community practice. Electronic medical records were utilized to evaluate 5-year follow-up and outcomes data. This included demographics, type of insurance, number of follow-up visits, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), postbariatric procedures, and postbariatric emergency department (ED) utilization. There were 89 patients. The follow-up rate decreased over time, with 1% of patients at 5 years. There was a slightly higher follow-up rate in patients with commercial versus public insurance. The average BMI of patients that followed up decreased by 13.6 kg/m2 over the first postoperative year. The average number of ED visits was 1.46 (standard deviation: 2.38) overall; however, of the 89 total patients, 35 patients (39.3%) had no documented ED visits, with the remaining 61 patients (63.5%) ranging from 1–15 visits (median = 1). Overall follow-up rates were low with 4-year follow-up being 14% and 5-year follow-up being <1%. Publicly insured patients had a higher rate of follow-up. Despite low follow-up rates with the actual bariatric surgery practice, 63.5% of patients had an ED visit during the follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a case of traumatic lingual ulcer in a child with Riga-Fede disease discussing the treatment and focusing on the importance of an early diagnosis of this entity and the possible concomitant clinical and genetic associations, reviewing the most recent literature in regard. It is caused by repeated forward and backward movements of the tongue over the lower incisors in newborns and infants. It is most commonly associated with neonatal or natal teeth in newborns. These teeth can cause ulcers on the ventral surface of the tongue, lip, and the mother's breast characterizing the Riga-Fede disease. We reported a 2-month-old female who had an ulcerated area on the ventral surface of the tongue. Her mother complained of pain during breastfeeding and had to interrupt it. No biopsy was done in view of the particular site of the lesion and the clinical evidence of diagnosis. Based on these findings, the baby was diagnosed with Riga-Fede Disease. Indeed, a clinical consultation has been required to extract her teeth under local anesthesia and healing of the ulcerated area was observed within two weeks. At a following control, two weeks later, the lesion was fully recovered and the infant restarted feeding normally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is a rare congenital malformation. Renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) is a good tool for establishing the diagnosis, however, additional imaging with a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (DMSA) might be required. We assessed the need for postnatal evaluation and the long-term consequences in patients with this diagnosis. A retrospective review of the records of all patients diagnosed with CFRE between 2004 and 2014 was done. We included all patients who underwent postnatal evaluation with RBUS, DMSA and VCUG. Long-term radiological and functional outcomes were assessed. A total of 29 patients with CFRE were identified. Majority of cases were detected antenatally (79%) and left to right crossed ectopia constituted the majority of cases (65%). RBUS revealed associated hydronephrosis (HN) in 11 patients (38%). DMSA scans confirmed the diagnosis in all patients and showed impaired renal function in 10 ectopic kidneys (34%). Vesicoureteral reflux was detected in 12 patients (41%); one third of them needed surgical intervention. Extra-urinary anomalies were present in 14 patients (48%) mainly of cardiac origin. After a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, 4 patients (14%) with extra-urinary anomalies developed chronic kidney disease and two of them died. Crossed fused renal ectopia is commonly associated with both urinary and extraurinary malformations. Postnatal RBUS is usually sufficient for diagnosis, however, additional imaging may aid for confirming the diagnosis and detection of associated urinary anomalies. Presence of extra-urinary malformations with crossed fused ectopia carries a higher risk of morbidity. Retrospective study [diagnostic/prognostic study]. Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing. Having a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a potent risk factor for the later development of T2DM.Aims: To explore the characteristics of women diagnosed with GDM in a single centre and their follow up for progression to T2DM.Methods: A retrospective cohort study using anonymised data of one hundred and fifty four (154) women with GDM receiving maternity care at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (OUHFT) in 2010 and their follow up until 2018.Results: The prevalence of GDM in women delivering in Oxfordshire in 2010 was 3.4%. 70% of pregnant women were overweight or obese (with 51% being obese) at booking. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was excessive in 29% of women, when compared to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Almost a quarter of women (23.4%) had no follow up after delivery. Over a median follow up of 3.5 years (range 0-8 years) nearly one in six (16.9%) of the total cohort (22% of those tested) went on to develop T2DM. 74% of women with GDM were multiparous, and 65% of nulliparous women were tested compared to 81% of multiparous women. There was a significant difference between multiparous women (53.8%) compared to nulliparous women (46.2%) developing T2DM (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in BMI (p=0.866) or GWG (p=0.83) in women who progressed to T2DM versus those who did not.Conclusion: The risk of T2DM after GDM is substantial however, follow up rates of this population is poor. Subsequent screening of women with GDM and their management crosses secondary and primary care with scope for improvement in counselling of women of the importance of annual reviews, in data collection and follow up in both obstetrics and general practice. The implementation of a recall system, an education programme for general practitioners and/or a registry of women diagnosed with GDM could be useful to identify those at high risk of developing T2DM as well as providing a platform for the potential development of interventions to prevent progression to T2DM after GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is a case with the longest disease free interval after GIST surgery before metastasis to the liver. • Late liver metastasis can occur in the low risk group. • Our case was in the low risk group as per the Modified-Fletcher classification. Recurrent forms of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) include liver metastases and peritoneal dissemination. Recurrence often occurs within 2 years. We report a case of liver metastasis, which was detected 30 years after resection of a primary lesion in the small intestine and was resected 32 years later. The patient was a 72-year-old woman and was being followed up for ureteral stones at the department of urology of our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) showed a small mass in segment 7 of the liver, 2 years ago. As the tumor gradually increased, a biopsy was performed, and a mesenchymal tumor was diagnosed. The tumor continued to increase in size and partial hepatectomy was performed. GIST was suspected from the sample extracted during hepatectomy. The patient had undergone a resection of the small intestine for a tumor 32 years ago. On tracing her medical records, it was confirmed that resection of the small intestine was performed for the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Based on the block specimen from 32 years ago, the tumor of the intestine was confirmed to be GIST, and the liver mass was finally diagnosed as liver metastasis of the GIST that had occurred 32 years ago. We experienced a case of liver metastasis 32 years after surgery for the first small intestinal GIST. To the best of our knowledge, this case had the longest disease-free interval before metastasis to the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the appearance of recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) in postoperative MRI follow-up and to assess the occurrence of postoperative soft tissue changes detected in MRI. Methods: A total of 464 MRI follow-up scans of 32 patients with histologically proven diagnosis of DFSP were analyzed. MR imaging was performed using a 1.5T MRI system. Recurrent DFSP was examined for signal intensity, contrast behavior, appearance, and extent in MRI. Results: The mean age of the patients was 44,5±17,1 years. Recurrences of DFSP occurred 26±23.3 months after primary tumor resection in the mean (Min.: 9, Max.: 60). In 25% of the patients (n = 8), recurrences of DFSP were detected. Recurrent DFSP most often showed a nodular and homogeneous configuration with well-defined borders and marked contrast enhancement, and a hyperintense signal in PD-weighted and turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequences. All recurrences were well detected in the follow-up MRIs regardless of the performed plastic surgery procedure. Lateral and depth margins had no significant impact on the local recurrence rate. In all, 88% of the patients developed subcutaneous tissue edema (p < 0.01), followed by muscle edema (34%, p = 0.02), and postoperative seroma (22%). Conclusion: Recurrent DFSP mainly appear uniform and clearly delimitable on MRI as nodular, homogeneous, and well-defined lesions with marked contrast enhancement. Therefore, MRI is a valuable tool for postsurgical follow-up. Nearly all patients develop subcutaneous edema after the resection of DFSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease (CD) is common worldwide with increasing prevalence and changing presentation. To evaluate changes in the presentation and management of CD over the last two decades. Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with CD between 01.1999 to 12.2018 was performed. Comparisons were made between an early (1999 to 2008) and late (2009 to 2018) decade, regarding clinical and laboratory parameters at presentation and follow-up. In a cohort of 932 patients (early decade n = 316, late decade n = 616), patients from the late decade presented with lower rates of weight loss and abdominal distention (24.2% vs 34.7% and 6% vs 11%, respectively p < 0.01), and with higher rates of abdominal pain or asymptomatic presentation (41.4% vs 27.4%, p < 0.01, and 18% vs 13%, p < 0.05, respectively). Good adherence to gluten-free diet was reported more often in the late decade (64% vs 50.6%, p < 0.001), and fewer patients were lost to follow-up. During the late decade, significantly higher rates of celiac serology normalization were achieved during the first two years of follow-up. In recent years, children with CD were diagnosed with milder symptoms, showed better adherence and demonstrated earlier normalization of celiac serology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational diabetes mellitus, the most frequent medical complication of pregnancy, affects 5-6% of women in the United States with the use of the currently predominant Carpenter-Coustan criteria, which still represent the preferred approach of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Alternative criteria proposed by the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups would likely increase gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence to 15-20%, because of both a 1-step testing policy and the requirement for only 1 elevated glucose value for diagnosis. Increasing gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence relates to older maternal age and the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. This increased gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence is consistent with 29.3% prevalence of prediabetes and 4.5% prevalence of known diabetes outside pregnancy in US adults from 20-44 years of age. Gestational diabetes mellitus according to the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria is associated with almost twice the risk of large-for-gestational-age babies, increased fetal adiposity, neonatal hyperinsulinemia and preeclampsia, and a 50% higher risk of preterm delivery and shoulder dystocia. The recent publication of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow Up Study provides further evidence regarding the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on long-term maternal and infant health. This study clearly demonstrates that hyperglycemia in pregnancy, untreated and identified post hoc by the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria, carries a 41.5% risk of maternal prediabetes (odds ratio, 3.72; 95% confidence interval, 3.09-4.47) and 10.7% risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio, 7.63; 95% confidence interval, 5.33-10.95) after 11.4 years of follow up. Gestational diabetes mellitus was also associated with higher rates of childhood overweight and obesity (prevalence 39.3% with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus; odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.44). This article places these findings in the context of other recent studies that have demonstrated that interventions that include lifestyle measures and/or metformin offer a >50% reduction in the risk of women with gestational diabetes mellitus experiencing the development of overt diabetes mellitus after their index gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy. Although prevention of obesity and prediabetes in offspring by pregnancy treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus has not been demonstrated to date, we argue that the immediate pregnancy benefits and opportunities for long-term improvements in maternal health justify a reevaluation of the current ambivalent approach taken by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis, which currently allow for a choice of alternative criteria. The Carpenter-Coustan or National Diabetes Data Group criteria, listed as preferred criteria by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, markedly limit the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria and limit the opportunity for immediate and long-term follow up and treatment. We consider that new information from the Hyperglycemia and Pregnancy Outcome Follow Up Study and other recent publications on long-term maternal and offspring risk provides compelling arguments for a more comprehensive approach to the promotion of maternal and infant health through all the life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Intracranial AVMs are rare, congenital, vascular lesions. • Long-term follow-up data on AVMs treated with the CyberKnife, is limited. • In our series patients were followed for an average of 85.2 months. • Two-thirds of AVMs were obliterated at last imaging follow up. • Transient post-radiosurgery adverse effects were common (55.6%). Abstract Introduction The CyberKnife, a frameless, robotic, stereotactic device, has been developed to radiosurgically treat arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). While most AVMs are obliterated within two-to-three years, a subset remain recalcitrant; long-term data on these difficult to treat AVMs are limited in the neurosurgical literature. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent CyberKnife treatment for intracranial AVMs at a single U.S. institution between 2002 and 2012, whose AVMs had failed to obliterate within 48 months or longer from the treatment start date, were eligible for inclusion. Results Eleven patients (9 AVMs; 7 males, 2 females) were followed for an average of 85.2 months (range 56.2–119.4). The median lesion size was 3.5 cm (range: 2.8–8.0 cm) and median Spetzler-Martin grade was 3 (range: 2–5). All AVMs were treated with one radiation dose (median prescribed dose was 18.0 Gy; median D max : 23.7 Gy). Six (66.7%) were obliterated in a median time of 84 months (range: 52–94 months), while 3 (33.3%) remained active after a median of 90.8 months (range 69.7–119.4). Transient, post-radiosurgery adverse radiation effects occurred in 5 (55.6%) cases. One (11.1%) patient had an acute hemorrhage from the AVM after radiosurgery. Four (44.4%) patients underwent repeat radiosurgery and/or embolization. Three of these lesions eventually obliterated, while 1 did not. Conclusion The median time to obliteration was 84 months. Two-thirds of AVMs which persisted for over 4 years following initial radiosurgery treatment eventually obliterated. Transient post-radiosurgery adverse effects were common; delayed hemorrhages were rare in our case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The emergency department (ED) frequently serves populations with unmet health needs and could have a greater and more systematic role in secondary prevention for hypertension. This study sought to determine, among hypertensive patients discharged from the ED, the frequency that patients 1) received hypertension-specific education, and 2) followed-up with a primary care provider. We secondarily assessed participant beliefs about hypertension.Methods: This non-experimental, observational study enrolled a convenience sample of consenting patients with asymptomatic, markedly elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥160 mmHg or diastolic ≥100 mmHg) with medium to low triage acuity discharged from an urban, academic ED. Discharge instructions were assessed through chart review. Patients followed up per their normal routine without intervention. Participants were interviewed by phone two to four weeks after ED discharge to ascertain outpatient follow-up and describe beliefs about hypertension.Results: From April through June 2014, 200 patients were approached, of whom 90 were enrolled. Of these, 77% of patients reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension, and 60% reported current treatment with antihypertensive medications. Five patients (5.5%) received written instructions at discharge addressing hypertension, although 59 (65.6%) reported that they were informed about their elevated blood pressure during the ED visit. Follow-up with a primary care provider within 2-4 weeks of discharge was completed in 57% of cases. None of the patients who received hypertension-specific discharge instructions completed follow-up.Conclusions: Over half of markedly hypertensive patients discharged from the ED followed up with primary care within four weeks. Nonetheless, missed opportunities for improved secondary prevention among ED patients with hypertension are common. There is an urgent need for evidence-based interventions to assist emergency departments in addressing this health threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim was to assess the long-term outcome of patients diagnosed with type A and type B acute aortic syndromes (AAS) and the mortality risk predictors. Methods A single centre retrospective observational study was performed on consecutive patients diagnosed with AAS and discharged between 2000 and 2016: 242 surgically treated type A, 87 uncomplicated, medically treated type B, and 80 complicated type B who received endovascular/surgical/hybrid treatment. Follow up of discharged patients (5 ± 3.9 years) was almost complete by the end of the study (December 2017). Results The mean age was 65.3 ± 12.5 years, and 70.2% were men. Long-term all cause mortality was 5.4 per 100 patients per year in surgically treated type A AAS patients and 6.7 per 100 patients per year in type B AAS patients (p = .236). The rates of major aorta related events were 6.1 per 100 patients per year and 13.4 per 100 patients per year, respectively (p < .001). Non-aorta related events during long-term follow up occurred in 18.2 per 100 patients per year in type A and 13.8 per 100 patients per year in type B (p = .055). At the end of follow up 279/409 (68.2%) patients (165/242 type A and 114/167 type B) experienced at least one event. Conclusions Among patients with either type A or type B AAS surviving the acute phase, the risk of adverse aorta and non-aorta related events, including death, persists during follow up, so that eventually two thirds of patients will experience at least one event. Notably, all cause mortality after type B AAS exceeds that of type A AAS after three years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a high-risk benign lesion found in approximately 1–10% of breast biopsies and associated with a variable incidence of carcinoma after surgical excision. The main goal of our study is to present our experience in the management and long-term follow-up of 71 patients with ADH diagnosed on breast biopsy. Materials and methods Results of 3808 breast biopsy specimens from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005 were analyzed to identify all biopsies which resulted in a diagnosis of ADH. The histopathological results of the 45 patients who underwent surgery were analyzed. Long-term follow-up for the remaining patients was carried out. Results 45 of 71 (63.4%) patients with histological diagnosis of ADH on breast biopsy underwent surgery. Definitive histological results revealed invasive carcinoma in 7 cases (15.6%), high grade Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 10 (22.2%) patients, Lobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS) in 4 cases (8.9%) and benign findings in 24 cases (53.3%). 12 of 71 (16.9%) patients underwent only long term follow-up; one (8,3%) of these developed invasive breast carcinoma after 6 years. Conclusion Atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed on breast biopsy is associated with a relatively high incidence of invasive carcinoma and high grade ductal carcinoma in situ at the time of surgical excision. Certain radiological and cytological criteria can be used to help determine which patients should forgo surgery and be followed up with good results. Long term follow-up is always crucial for patients who have not undergone surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The head and neck cancer Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI-HN) is a holistic, self-reported list of items that can help patients to disclose their needs and concerns during routine follow-up consultations. The aim of this study was to report how often it was used during the first three years of follow up after treatment for oral cancer, and the range of issues that were raised. The sample comprised consecutive patients treated over a three-year period with curative intent. All clinic attendances were reviewed until October 2015 or until patients had a recurrence, a subsequent primary, metastases, or were discharged home or to follow up at a peripheral hospital, or started palliative care. We identified 92 patients and data were available for 88 of them. The median (IQR) age at the time of treatment was 65 (57-76) years, and 48 (55%) were men. Reviews alternated between the surgeon and oncologist, and typically there were 4.4 surgical reviews in year one, 2.8 in year two, and 1.6 in year three. The inventory was completed 157 times; at least once by 71% (55/77) during year one, 57% (29/51) during year two, and 37% (13/35) during year three. Of those who completed none, nearly half (7/17) died within 12 months, and another six were over 80 years of age. In conclusion, the diversity of concerns raised by patients highlights the need for holistic assessment during follow up, and integration of the inventory into routine consultations will mean that we can repeat it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Long term change in diagnosis of patients having Cannabis induced psychosis (CIP) at the index evaluation is well recognised. Some patients are known to achieve complete remission while others go on to develop independent schizophrenia or mood disorders. Aims To study the long-term course of CIP and factors influencing it. Method Patients diagnosed as CIP (ICD 10: F12.5), admitted at NIMHANS, a tertiary neuropsychiatry centre at Bangalore, over the past 10 years were identified from medical records. 200 case records were identified and screened in detail. 57 met inclusion criteria and 35 patients could be followed up. Mean follow up duration was 5.75 years. Results Patients who completely abstained from cannabis after the 1 st episode had no relapse of psychiatric illness. They showed marked improvement in socio-occupational functioning as well. All those who relapsed to cannabis use had a recurrence of illness. Half the patients with predominantly non-affective psychosis progressed to an independent psychiatric disorder; while only 7.7% patients with predominantly affective psychosis developed an independent disorder (p = 0.01). Besides this, early onset of cannabis use (≤18 years), younger age at onset of 1 st episode, positive family history of psychiatric illness, being unmarried and lower socio-economic status were associated with poor prognosis. Abstinence later in the course of illness did not improve outcome significantly. Conclusion Abstaining from cannabis early in the course of illness is critical for good recovery. The course of CIP is variable and categorising CIP into affective vs. non-affective psychosis can be useful in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While evidence on the value of routine geriatric assessment (GA) in cancer care for older patients is growing, there is limited data on the geriatric oncology (GO) clinic's specific recommendations and how they are implemented. In this study, we aimed to assess and evaluate the implementation of recommendations from the GO clinic at Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Canada, within six months of the initial visit. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 100 consecutive adults age 65+ visiting the GO clinic from 2018 to 2019. For each patient, we evaluated the number and type of recommendations from the GO clinic. Recommendations were grouped based on clinical judgement. Of the recorded recommendations, we measured the rate of implementation within six months of the initial visit including who implemented the recommendations and why recommendations were not implemented. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. One hundred patients visiting the GO clinic (mean age of 80.5 years, 62% male, 52% with planned curative intent, with the genitourinary site being most common) received a median of six recommendations (range of 2–12), regardless of sex, cancer stage, cancer site, and treatment intent. Medication optimization (27%), patient education (26%), and referral to allied health (14%) were the top recommendations from the GO clinic. At six-month follow-up, 83% of all recommendations were implemented, of which 94% were performed by the GO clinic team. Patient education was implemented at a 100% rate by the GO clinic at the time of initial assessment. GO follow-up visit and other diagnostic tests (hearing test, vision test) were the recommendations with the lowest implementation rates, at 51% and 31%, respectively. The most common reasons for recommendations not being implemented were patient transfer to palliative care/death and patient declining recommendations due to busy appointment schedules. A median of six recommendations were made per patient. The vast majority of recommendations were implemented, predominantly by the GO team. Overall, the study helps evaluate recommendations provided to patients visiting GO clinics, identify potential gaps, and assist with resource planning for optimal cancer care for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) is a plant growth regulator that is classified as a highly toxic poison. There are no definite investigations to help in its diagnosis and follow-up. This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the diagnosis, prediction, and follow-up of Dormex-intoxicated patients. Sixty subjects were equally divided into two groups: group A, the control group, and group B, the Dormex group. Clinical and laboratory evaluations, including arterial blood gases (ABG), prothrombin concentration (PC), the international normalized ratio (INR), a complete blood count (CBC), and HIF-1α, were done on admission. CBC and HIF-1α were repeated for group B 24 and 48 h after admission to track abnormalities. Group B also had brain computed tomography (CT). Patients with abnormal CT scans were referred for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significant differences in levels of HB, WBCs, and platelets were also detected in group B up to 48 h after admission, as white blood cells (WBCs) rose with time and hemoglobin (HB) and platelets diminished. The results described a highly significant difference in HIF-1α between the groups, and it depended on the clinical condition; therefore, it can be used in the prediction and follow-up of patients up to 24 h after admission. • Hypoxia inducible factor-1α level ≥ 2.75 IU is an indicator of severe Dormex poisoning. • HIF-1α is beneficial for patient follow up in the first 24 h. • HIF-1α can differentiate the presence of Dormex toxicity in doubted cases. • Platelet measurements decline and WBCs rise even if the first readings are normal in Dormex toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dropout from an outpatient clinic is the loss of patient to the scheduled follow-up. Noncompliance in the form of treatment dropouts is a major problem across outpatient mental health settings and can range from 15% to 60%. Follow-up studies provide valuable insights into improving the quality of existing mental health facilities. Quality Rights Gujarat (QRG) is a step toward improving mental health facilities across various centers. Methods This retrospective observational study aims to explore follow-up pattern, predictors and any change after QRG implementation. Pre intervention Group (A) attended psychiatry OPD for 6 months before implementation of QRG project and Post intervention Group (B) attended psychiatry OPD for 3 months after implementation of QRG project. Results Total 1632 Patients consulted in group A and 926 patients consulted Psychiatry OPD in group B. The most common Psychiatric disorder were Depression (A-19.55%, B-28.62%), Schizophrenia and related disorders (A-14.15%, B-15.01%), Neuropsychiatric disorders like headache and epilepsy (A-14.52%, B-18.68%), substance use disorder (A-15.26%, B-13.71%) and Bipolar disorder (A-11.76%, B-13.17%). 59.56% patients dropped out after the first visit in pre intervention group as compared to 51.94% patients in post intervention group. Significant reduction of about 8% in loss to follow up and 16% increase in follow-ups of initial visits after implementation of Quality Rights Gujarat project. Conclusions Much can be done to improve attendance in most services. The initiative like QRG significantly has positive results on patient's follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan and CT scan in follow up of proven gynecological malignancies omental deposits in first setting follow up after treatment. Patients and methods 60 female patients having proven omental deposits from gynecological malignancies underwent PET/CT examination following a preset protocol as baseline study. 34 cases of them had a second PET/CT examination following same protocol after 5–11 months considered as first setting follow up study aiming to assess therapeutic response. Results Out of 34 cases 2 cases (6%) showed only newly developed lesions, 8 cases (23.5%) showed progression, 8 cases (23.5%) showed mixed response and 16 cases (47%) showed regression or complete resolution. In first setting follow up examination 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed 31 TP, 2 TN and 1 FN cases while CT showed 29 TP, 2 TN, 2 FN and 1 FP cases. 18 F-FDG PET/CT vs. CT revealed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 96.88% vs. 93.55%, 100% vs. 66.67% and 97.06% vs. 91.18% respectively. Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT is more accurate than CT in assessment of therapeutic response of proven gynecological malignancies omental deposits in first setting follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We investigated arrhythmia, electrocardiography and physical work capacity (PWC) in the follow-up of ARVC.Design: Twenty-three patients (13 men; age 41±12years) fulfilling diagnostic criteria were re-investigated after at least five years.Results: Ventricular arrhythmia during exercise testing (ET) was present in 14 patients (61%) and showed variation between examinations. In eleven (48%), complex ventricular ectopic activity was observed at peak exercise or immediately thereafter. Mutations known to be pathogenic in ARVC were present in 13 patients (57%) of which 11 developed complex ventricular arrhythmia at ET. PWC at baseline was 190±66W (104±26%) decreasing to 151±61W (91±23%, p=0.008) after 10.7years.Conclusion: The appearance of ventricular arrhythmia during exercise testing showed temporal variation but was frequent in patients with relevant genetic mutation. Physical exercise capacity decreased over time in patients with ARVC in excess to the age-related deterioration and regardless of medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The ß-D-glucan assay (BDG) has been added to the EORTC/MSG criteria for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI), but data from pediatric populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of BDG in a cohort of hemato-oncological children with hematological malignancy at risk for IFI.Methods: 113 patients were included through an 18-month period. In addition to routine IFI screening, BDG was assayed once a week. IFIs were classified using EORTC/MSG criteria without including the BDG results. Performances were assessed after a ROC analysis for optimization and multivariate analysis to detect the causes of false positivity.Results: 8 proven and 4 probable IFIs, and 7 possible IFIs were diagnosed in 9 and 7 patients, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity increased from 75% and 56% to 100% and 91.1%, respectively when considering the whole population and patients not having received any antifungals prior to the test. Multivariate analysis revealed that being younger than 7, severe colitis/mucositis, recent administration of polyvalent immunoglobulins and digestive colonization with Enterococcus sp were independent risk factors for false positivity.Conclusions: BDG is a valuable test to detect IFI in pediatric patients not previously treated with antifungals and to detect the occurrence of chronic infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). • 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective treatment for VLS and SCC in situ. • This patient didn't return for the follow-up, leaving a chance for the VLS to progress to SCC, even after initial remission achieved by ALA-PDT. • The patient's compliance may prevent the progression of VLS to SCC even after the ALA-PDT. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective modality for vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ. Here we first describe a case of VLS that relapsed after ALA-PDT without follow-up and progressed to SCC eventually. The first two courses of ALA-PDT (total of 21 sessions) were effective for VLS. The third course of ALA-PDT (2 sessions) was changed to the surgery because of SCC was diagnosised. In our case, we emphasis that maintain regular follow-up to treat the recurrent lesions to prevent the development of SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Results of previous studies have shown a relationship between obesity and allergic diseases. However, concrete evidence about the association between obesity and allergies has been lacking. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential association between body mass index (BMI) and the change in sensitization on skin-prick tests in children over a 2-year follow-up period. Methods: Children in first and second grade from six elementary schools were recruited in 2010. The same participants, now in third and fourth grade, were recruited again in 2012. The enrolled children underwent skin-prick tests and physical examinations in 2010 and again in 2012. Results: Four hundred fourteen children (boys to girls, 208 to 206) were included. Among 414 participants, 73 children showed new sensitization and 24 children showed negative conversion of allergic sensitization after 2 years. One hundred sixty-one children showed positive results on both tests, and 156 children showed negative results on both tests. The mean (standard deviation) change in BMI (1.09 ± 1.81 kg/m2) over a 2-year follow-up in newly sensitized children was significantly greater than that of other groups (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Children who became newly sensitized to allergens tended to exhibit significant increases in BMI. Therefore, further evaluation of the relationship between obesity and allergy is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background An enlarging aneurysm after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) without clear endoleak is a clinical challenge. Management of this problem is guided by the current evidence for adequate EVAR follow up and recommended thresholds for re-intervention. In a frail patient, careful risk assessment of aneurysm related mortality against the risks associated with examinations and interventions is required. Methods The literature was reviewed for imaging modalities for EVAR follow up and their advantages and disadvantages. The current evidence and guideline recommendations regarding follow up and re-intervention after EVAR were assessed in relation to the presented case. Results To detect sac expansion after EVAR, repeated examinations with the same imaging modality are needed. Verified expansion must be above the inter-observer variation of the method used. Although duplex ultrasound is an excellent modality for EVAR follow up, the finding of a significant expansion on duplex requires further examination, primarily with computed tomography angiography to assess sealing, stent graft integrity, and presence of endoleak. A frail patient should be assessed thoroughly before any kind of surgical intervention, the extent of which is related to the identified or suspected cause of expansion. Conclusion Failure to totally exclude the aneurysm from continuing circulation, pressure and endoleak remains a potential shortcoming of EVAR. Significant sac expansion is an indication of EVAR failure. Decisions regarding further examinations or intervention are guided by the stability of the initial EVAR performed, the cause and extent of expansion, and the patient's comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Implant Dentistry is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background & Aims The association between pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and extrapancreatic neoplasms (EPNs) is controversial. We performed a multicenter observational study to assess the incidence of EPNs after an IPMN diagnosis. Methods 1340 patients with IPMNs were evaluated from 2000 through 2013 at 4 academic institutions in Europe for development of EPN. To estimate the actual incidence of EPN, we excluded patients with an EPN previous or synchronous to the IPMN, and patients who had been followed for less than 12 months, resulting in a study population of 816 patients. The incidence of EPN was compared with sex-specific, age-adjusted European cancer statistics; the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and the 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence rates were calculated. Results A total of 290/1340 patients had a history of EPN (prevalence of 21.6%). In this subgroup of patients, the IPMN was discovered incidentally in 241. Among the 816 patients included in the incidence analysis, 50 developed an EPN after a median time of 46 months from study enrollment. The incidence of any EPN was not greater in patients with than without IPMN with a SIR of 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–2.22) in males and of 1.39 (95% CI 0.90–2.05) in females. The 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence rates for development of EPN in patients with IPMN were 7.9% and 16.6% in men, and 3.4% and 23.1% in women. Conclusions Patients with IPMN do not have a significantly higher incidence of EPNs than the general European population. It might not be necessary to screen patients with IPMN for EPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The benefit of clinical follow-up alongside CT & CEA in detecting recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Despite this, clinical review remains part of most surveillance protocols. This study assessed the efficacy of clinical follow-up in addition to CT/CEA in detecting disease recurrence. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for CRC at a single centre between 2009 and 2011 were identified. Follow-up included clinical review, CT and CEA for 5 years. The primary endpoint of the study was method of detection of recurrence. Secondary endpoints included detection of surgically treatable recurrence, compliance with follow-up, disease free survival and overall survival. Results 118 patients with stage I–III CRC were included. Only 68.9% of scheduled follow-up events were performed (76.6% clinical reviews, 76.2% CT scans and 60.4% CEA tests). At median follow-up of 36 months, 26 patients had developed recurrence (median DFS 45.8 months). 17 patients (14.7%) had died (median OS 49.3 months). Sensitivity and specificity of follow up modality in detecting recurrence were; CT (92.3%, 100%), CEA (57.7%, 100%), clinical review (23.0%, 27.2%). Addition of clinical review did not identify any disease recurrence that was not detected by scheduled CT. Eight patients (30.7%) had surgically treatable recurrence – all were identified by scheduled CT. Conclusion The addition of CEA testing and clinical review to scheduled CT scanning offered no benefit in the detection of recurrent disease. Clinical review could be removed from follow-up protocols without any reduction in the detection of recurrent cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the specific characteristics in acromegalic patients with hyperprolactinemia by analyzing the differences between patients with different Ki-67 values. Between 2002 and 2010, a set of data on 61 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery was available at the Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University. Patients were divided into Ki-67 ≥3% group and <3% group. A retrospective analysis of clinical, hormonal, immunohistochemical, and imaging was observed in all patients. There were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor size and apoplexy between the two groups. Time interval in Ki-67 ≥3% group was longer than <3% group (P=0.037). Patients in Ki-67 53% group had a higher rate of invasiveness (P=0.048), higher incidences of diabetes mellitus (P=0.036), coarse facial features (P=0.048), large hands and feet (P=0.003), higher GH levels (P0.05), higher diabetes insipidus rate (P0.001), and more frequent recurrence (P=0.011) than Ki-67 <3% group. Patients with higher Ki-67 value harbored longer time interval, more aggressive tumors, more acromegaly manifestations, higher GH level, and higher recurrence than patients with lower Ki-67 value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate four-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (4D-CEUS) as an alternative imaging method to computed tomography angiography (CTA) during follow up of fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) for juxta- and para-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Methods Between October 2011 and March 2012, all consecutive patients who underwent FEVAR follow up were included in the study and evaluated with both 4D-CEUS and CTA. The interval between the two examinations was always ≤30 days. Endpoints were the comparison of postoperative AAA diameter, AAA volume, presence of endoleaks, revascularized visceral vessel (RVV) visualization, and patency. Comparative analysis was performed using Bland–Altman plots and McNemar's Chi-square test. Results Twenty-two patients (96% male, 4% female; mean age 74 ± 7 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III/IV 82%/18%) were enrolled. Seventy-eight RVV (fenestrations: 60; scallops: 17; branches: 1) were analyzed. The mean AAA diameter evaluated by 4D-CEUS and CTA was 45 ± 10 mm (range 30–69 mm) and 48 ± 9 mm (range 32–70 mm), respectively. The mean difference was 3 ± 3 mm. The mean AAA volume evaluated by 4D-CEUS and CTA was 150 ± 7 cc (range 88–300 cc) and 159 ± 68 cc (range 80–310 cc), respectively. The mean difference was 7 ± 4 cc; a Bland–Altman plot revealed agreement in AAA diameter and volume evaluation ( p < .01) between 4D-CEUS and CTA. The observed agreement for the detection of endoleaks was 95%. McNemar's Chi-square test confirmed that 4D-CEUS and CTA were equivalent ( p > .05) at detecting endoleaks. The first segment of six (8%) RVVs (four renal and two superior mesenteric arteries) was not directly visualized by 4D-CEUS owing to obesity, but the contrast enhancement into the distal part of vessel or into the relative parenchyma gave indirect information about their patency. McNemar's Chi-square test demonstrated the superiority of CTA ( p = .031) in visualizing RVVs. The patency of 77/78 RVVs was confirmed with both techniques. McNemar's Chi-square test confirmed that 4D-CEUS and CTA were equivalent in their ability to detect visceral vessel patency. Conclusions The data suggest that 4D-CEUS is as accurate as CTA in the evaluation of postoperative AAA diameter and volume, endoleak detection, and RVV patency after FEVAR. Four-dimensional CEUS could provide hemodynamic information regarding RVVs, and reduce radiation exposure and renal impairment during follow up. Obesity limits the diagnostic accuracy of 4D-CEUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Since the first description of “The free abdominoplasty flap for breast reconstruction” by Hans Holmstrom in 1979, [see Ref. 1] the use of lower abdominal tissue has revolutionised reconstruction of the breast. DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) free flap offers an abundance of reconstructive material, aesthetically-pleasing results and limited donor site morbidity. We report our first case of breast reconstruction with what presently is known as DIEP flap, performed in 1991 at St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns in Essex, The United Kingdom and the recent follow up results. We also discuss the historical events surrounding the evolution of this unpublished case and other documented cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Buccal mucosa grafts (BMG) are often used in complex urethral reconstruction. Following pubertal endogenous androgen stimulation (EAS) in prepubertal boys, there are concerns that the neourethra may not grow proportionally to the phallus. To address the paucity of literature on the topic, this article reports on data for post-pubertal follow up after pre-pubertal BMG urethroplasties (BMGU). Patients and methods Retrospective chart review of boys who underwent staged BMGU before the age of 12 years at a single referral center between 2000 and 2010 and who were followed up until after puberty. Demographic information, initial meatal location, quality of graft before tubularization, flow rate parameters (FRP) and complications were captured. Results Of the 137 patients who underwent staged BMGU during the study period, 10 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Mean patient age at first stage BMGU was eight years (range five to eleven years). The mean follow-up was 40.6 months (9–66 months). The grafts were harvested from the cheek and lower lip in seven and three cases, respectively. The mean interval between the first and second stage was 15.8 months (6–87 months). Complications included one urethro-cutaneous fistula and two cases of glanular dehiscence. The final position of the meatus was glanular in nine boys and coronal in one. Importantly, no recurrent ventral curvature (VC) was found during the second stage BMGU or reported after puberty. All patients demonstrated normal maximum flow after puberty (mean 25.7 ml/s). Conclusion Buccal mucosa grafts appear to grow proportionally to the phallus after pubertal EAS. No recurrent VC or inadequate FRP were observed in this series. Despite the small number of subjects, the results are reassuring and support continued use of BMG in the pediatric pre-pubertal population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To identify the value of integrated PET/CT in the follow up of chest tumors. Patients and methods Whole body PET/CT studies were performed on 29 patients of variable primary and secondary chest tumors. Results Our findings indicate that FDG PET/CT has an important impact on evaluation and follow up of chest tumors, as it delineated the metabolic activity of the disease in 21 patients (72.41%), outlined the metabolic activity of the tumoral residue in 4 patients postoperatively (13.79%), delineated the metabolic activity of the disease in 2 patients preparing for BMT (6.89%), it differentiated between tumoral residue and post irradiation pneumonitis in 1 patient (3.44%), while it was used for the initial assessment of the metabolic activity of the disease before determining line of treatment in one patient and subsequent follow up. Conclusion Integrated PET/CT imaging, which combines both functional and morphologic imaging in a single examination, has shown how the initial staging and subsequent follow-up of patients with chest tumors can supersede the traditional methods of evaluation in terms of diagnostic accuracy and has an impact on the management. Limitations we encountered were subcentimetric pulmonary nodules, below 7-8 mm (beyond PET resolution) which can be overcome by short follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in hospital patients has been promoted by many western countries to improve patient safety. In non-western and developing countries it is likely to be even more important to focus on strategies of patient safety. This paper reflects the services provided by Intensive Care Unit Liaison Nurses (ICULN) in the first year of their work, July 2010-June 2011, in an Argentinean hospital. Objectives: This practice audit aimed to describe the ICULN patient care activities performed for patients discharged from the ICU and ward patients with complex care needs, and to identify education activities carried with ward nursing staff caring for these patients. Methods: Experienced critical care nurses, with strong communication and education skills were appointed as ICULNs. They were asked to assess ward patients transferred from ICU once per shift and ward patients as requested by staff. They had to provide patient complex care if necessary and education to ward nurses caring for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the result of a study which examined predictors of mortality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The data of cardiac surgery patients who underwent pre-operative and intensive-care treatment in the Helsinki University Central Hospital is used in this study. The predictors are based on the EuroSCORE, renal, respiratory, sternotomy and neurological complications.

Abstract: Background/purpose: To evaluate growth and development in children with anorectal malformations and to analyze effects of type of malformation and comorbidities. Methods: Non-syndromal children with anorectal malformations were prospectively evaluated at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5years. Biometrics were obtained at all visits. Mental and psychomotor function development was determined. Results: 108 children (59% male) were included. 49% had a high malformation, and 46% had ≥1 additional major comorbidity. All growth parameters were below the norm at all ages (p<0.01), irrespective of type of malformation. Children with ≥1 additional major anomaly had lower height at all ages; at 5years, mean (95% CI) height was −1.83 (−2.7 to −1.1) and −0.70 (−1.3 to −0.1) in children with and without comorbidities, respectively (p=0.019). Mental development was normal, irrespective of the type of malformation or comorbidities. Motor development was delayed at all ages. At 5years, motor development (n=30) was normal in 70%, borderline in 23%, and 7% had definitive motor problems (p=0.043). Conclusion: Non-syndromal children with anorectal malformations are at risk for growth impairment, especially those with additional major comorbidity. Mental development is normal. Motor development is slightly impaired. Supportive care should focus on growth, dietary management, and motor development besides defecation problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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