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A new-type identification method in the frequency domain by combining a multi-layer neural network and support vector regression is proposed to identify random load of a complex cylindrical shell structure. The kernel function of support vector regression has a great influence on the prediction accuracy of machine learning model, and it is effective to employ the linear function. As the penalty factor is large, the identification accuracy of the Gaussian kernel function is close to the linear kernel function. In the process of random load identification, the prediction accuracy of the neural network using the L-BFGS method is higher than the traditional Adam method. The number of hidden layers of the neural network has little effect on the L-BFGS algorithm, but a great effect on the Adam method. Different levels of noise are introduced to verify the robustness of the machine learning model. Both the support vector regression with linear kernel function and neural network model based on the L-BFGS method have strong robustness. For the noise percentage of 1%, the support vector regression has better prediction accuracy than the neural network, yet the case is contrary for the noise percentage greater than 5%. The verification shows that the neural network model trained by simulation data has better identification accuracy for real load at some frequencies. The load identification method is proposed based on the frequency points which may establish the machine learning model. The mean absolute percentage error shows that the method based on a multi-layer neural network and support vector regression has high identification accuracy.

In this paper, we have meticulously refined both the quantum dot (QD) materials, particularly the blue variants, and the ink formulations to achieve aesthetically pleasing, high‐performance printing devices. Furthermore, in anticipation of future mass production challenges, we have tailored the quantum dot ligands and adopted surface passivation of zinc oxide nanoparticles, leveraging their inherent material properties. This innovation has culminated in remarkable enhancements for inkjet QLED device in long‐term storage stability and efficiency.

The impact of environmental factors on nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope effects during algal nitrate assimilation causes uncertainty in the field application of sedimentary N isotope records and nitrate isotopes to understand the marine nitrogen cycle. Ocean acidification is predicted to change nitrogen cycling including nitrate assimilation, but how N and O isotope effects during algal nitrate assimilation vary in response to changes in seawater pH and partial pressure CO2(pCO2) remains unknown. We measured N and O isotope effects during nitrate assimilation and physiological states of the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogiiand Synechococcusunder different pH (8.1 or 7.8) and pCO2(400 or 800 μatm) conditions. Low pH and/or high pCO2equally decreased N and O isotope effects during nitrate assimilation by diatoms possibly due to reducing cellular nitrate efflux/uptake ratio and decreased isotope effects for nitrate uptake, whereas they did not affect those by Synechococcuswith low intracellular nitrate concentration and limited nitrate efflux. Our results provide compelling experimental evidence showing different changes in N and O isotope effects during nitrate assimilation by marine eukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton at low pH and/or high pCO2. These findings suggest new insight into environmental controls on variability in the isotope effect during algal nitrate assimilation, and have implications for improving a predictive understanding of N and O isotope tools in acidified oceans.

Particulate matter, especially PM2.5, can invade the central nervous system (CNS) viathe olfactory pathway to induce neurotoxicity. The olfactory bulb (OB) is the key component integrating immunoprotection and olfaction processing and is necessarily involved in the relevant CNS health outcomes. Here we show that a microglial chemokine receptor, CCR5, is the target of environmentally relevant PM2.5in the OB to trigger neuroinflammation and then neuropathological injuries. Mechanistically, PM2.5-induced CCR5 upregulation results in the pro-inflammatory paradigm of microglial activation, which subsequently activates TLR4-NF-κB neuroinflammation signaling and induces neuropathological changes that are closely related to neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Aβ deposition and disruption of the blood–brain barrier). We specifically highlight that manganese and lead in PM2.5are the main contributors to CCR5-mediated microglial activation and neuroinflammation in synergy with aluminum. Our results uncover a possible pathway of PM2.5-induced neuroinflammation and identify the principal neurotoxic components, which can provide new insight into efficiently diminishing the adverse health effects of PM2.5.

Past few years have witnessed the great potential of exploiting WiFi signals for positioning. Prior work focus on discovering the absolute locations of a radio source, and have achieved promising accuracies of tens of centimeters. However, many applications such as aerial gesture or handwriting tracking are more concerned with the detailed motion shape of the target rather than its exact locations, which require a several fold higher accuracy. To this end, we present MagicInput, a virtual handwriting interface by tracking the motion traces of a WiFi source. Based on channel state information (CSI), MagicInput elaborately devises an incremental motion-based tracking model by correlating the motion traces with the angle and length variations of propagation paths. The model shifts the tracking task from the transceiver view to the antenna array-oriented view, and eliminates the need for prior knowledge of anchor locations. MagicInput proposes an end-to-end pipeline for tracking refinement, by interference suppression, motion segmentation, and an integrated grasp pressure sensor-based motion instance detection. We prototype MagicInput using off-the-shelf WiFi radios, and extensive experiments attest that MagicInput can achieve the accuracy of 8.5 mm confronting diverse users and environment conditions. With ubiquitous WiFi signals, MagicInput can transform any region into an interactive handwriting interface with millimeter accuracy.

Choosing a decomposition method for multi-class classification is an important trade-off between efficiency and predictive accuracy. Trying all the decomposition methods to find the best one is too time-consuming for many applications, while choosing the wrong one may result in large loss on predictive accuracy. In this paper, we propose an automatic decomposition method selection approach called “D-Chooser”, which is lightweight and can choose the best decomposition method accurately. D-Chooser is equipped with our proposed difficulty index which consists of sub-metrics including distribution divergence, overlapping regions, unevenness degree and relative size of the solution space. The difficulty index has two intriguing properties: 1) fast to compute and 2) measuring multi-class problems comprehensively. Extensive experiments on real-world multi-class problems show that D-Chooser achieves an accuracy of 80.56% in choosing the best decomposition method. It can choose the best method in just a few seconds, while existing approaches verify the effectiveness of a decomposition method often takes a few hours. We also provide case studies on Kaggle competitions and the results confirm that D-Chooser is able to choose a better decomposition method than the winning solutions.

Radio links in wireless body area networks (WBANs) suffer from both short-term and long-term variations due to the dynamic network topology and frequent blockage caused by body movements, making it challenging to achieve reliable, energy-efficient and real-time data communication. Through experiments with TelosB motes, we observe a strong positive relationship between the channel quality and the location of the sensor node relative to the gateway. Motivated by this observation, we design Tuatara, a novel power-aware communication protocol that allows each sensor node to dynamically adjust its transmission power based on the channel status inferred from its instant location, aiming to save energy, reduce interference, and improve communication reliability. Combining the orientations measured by motion sensors with the anatomical constraints of body movements, each sensor node can locally estimate its instant location relative to the gateway. Based on a probabilistic model, power level selection is converted to calculate the optimal probability of selecting each power level at a given location, with the objective of minimizing the transmission cost. A learning scheme is designed to adaptively update the power level selection probabilities, making Tuatara self-adaptable to changes in the signal propagation environment. Experimental results demonstrate that Tuatara outperforms the state-of-the-art protocols in various scenarios, with performance close to that of the optimal power selection solution even in scenarios where the packet rate is very low.

Wi-Fi signals-based passive gesture tracking is making quick progress in promoting human–computer interaction. The state-of-the-arts have achieved promising cm-level tracking accuracies via the Fresnel ellipses, while they depend heavily on the transceiver positions and the gesture initial positions. This problem is known as the position-dependence problem, which hinders the actual deployment of sensing applications. In this article, we propose EasyTrack, which aims at position-independency passive gesture tracking based on Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI). EasyTrack develops a novel incremental motion tracking model to correlate the length variations and the angle information of the reflection paths with the gesture traces. This model eliminates the dependence on the prior knowledge of transceiver positions and the gesture initial positions, by shifting the sensing observation from the traditional transceiver view to the antenna array-oriented view. We propose a series of tracking refinement approaches, including trace segmentation, tracking smoothing, and motion detection to improve the tracking accuracy. We prototype EasyTrack using off-the-shelf Wi-Fi radios and extensive experiments attest EasyTrack can achieve tracking accuracy of 0.9 cm under various users and environment conditions.

Mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications are gaining popularity. There are significant challenges in handling the latency-sensitive and computation-intensive tasks generated by MAR applications on mobile devices. The emergence of mobile edge computing (MEC) provides a new idea to improve the computing capability of resource-constrained mobile terminals. In this paper, we study the task offloading and cache placement of MAR tasks in multi-MEC server cooperation system. The problem of the task offloading and cache placement is formulated to maximize the hit ratio and minimize the service latency under the constraints of MEC server's computing resources and cache space. To solve this problem, we propose a task offloading and cache placement (MOTOCP) algorithm based on multi-objective artificial bee colony. Pareto optimal relation is introduced in the optimization process to find the optimal solution. Extensive evaluation verifies that our proposed algorithm has better performance.

Joint profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression from the same single cell provides critical information about cell types in a tissue and cell states during a dynamic process. Here, we develop in situ sequencing hetero RNA–DNA-hybrid after assay for transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing (ISSAAC-seq), a highly sensitive and flexible single-cell multi-omics method to interrogate chromatin accessibility and gene expression from the same single nucleus. We demonstrated that ISSAAC-seq is sensitive and provides high quality data with orders of magnitude more features than existing methods. Using the joint profiles from over 10,000 nuclei from the mouse cerebral cortex, we uncovered major and rare cell types and cell-type specific regulatory elements and identified heterogeneity at the chromatin level within established cell types defined by gene expression. Finally, we revealed distinct dynamics and relationships of gene expression and chromatin accessibility during an oligodendrocyte maturation trajectory.

A simple and convenient method has been developed for the pre-concentration and separation of inorganic selenium species from environmental water samples using anion exchange chromatographic column combined with high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) measurement. 75Se(IV) and 75Se(VI) were prepared and used as tracers during the experiments. The volatility of selenium during solution evaporation was investigated to establish a reliable water samples pretreatment procedure. The parameters which affect the uptake of Se(IV) and Se(VI) on Dowex1 × 8 resin was optimized and the procedure for Se(IV) and Se(VI) separation was proposed. Both Se(IV) and Se(VI) are retained on the column in natural or alkaline solution with high distribution coefficient. The successive gradient elution of pre-concentrated species of selenium with HNO3solution allows to differentiate between them. Se(IV) and Se(VI) finally were eluted with 0.05 mol/L HNO3and 5.0 mol/L HNO3, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully verified using the certified reference materials (CRMs) of real water samples, and spiked recoveries for real samples were 98%-104% with 5% relative standard deviations (RSDs). The developed procedure is proved to be reliable and can be used for the rapid determination of selenium species in environmental water samples.

As a meat substitute, cell cultured meat aims to simulate the composition of real meat to provide nutrient substance. The myotube formation efficiency of myoblasts in vitrois the key for simulating the structure and composition of muscle tissue. Therefore, this study is aimed to explore the most effective groove widths for myoblasts fusion and related molecular mechanism. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the grooves with a width range of 50 μm–1000 μm were beneficial to cell arrangement compared to flat structure. At the same time, the expression of myogenin (Myog) and myosin heavy chain 2 (Myh2) up-regulated. However, the cell fusion index of myoblasts was higher in grooves with a width of 100 μm, 200 μm and 300 μm. Furthermore, Cytochalasin D disrupted intracellular stress fibers and myotube formation. However, there were still many myotubes formed in the 200 μm groove with the addition of Cytochalasin D. The expression of fusion related genes was higher than the flat group. Moreover, incorporating groove structure into scaffolds of soybean protein isolate and pea protein isolate could enhance cell adhesion, activity and myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. This could provide ideas for scaffolds design of cultured meat products using groove structure.

Although proton exchange membrane fuel cells have received attention, the high costs associated with Pt-based catalysts in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) remain a huge obstacle for large-scale applications. To solve this urgent problem, the utilization efficiency of Pt in MEAs must be increased. Facing numerous interacting parameters in an attempt to keep experimental costs as low as possible, we innovatively introduce machine learning (ML) to achieve this goal. Nine different ML algorithms are trained on the experimental dataset from our laboratory to precisely predict the performance and Pt utilization (maximum R2= 0.973/0.968). To determine the best synthesis conditions, black-box interpretation methods are applied to provide reliable insights from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The optimized choices of ionomer/catalyst ratio, water content, organic solvent, catalyst loading, stirring method, solid content, and ultrasonic spraying flow rate are properly made with few experimental attempts under ML results’ guidance. Promising Pt utilization of 0.147 gPt kW–1and a power density of 1.02 W cm–2are achieved at 0.6 V in a single cell (H2/air) at an ultralow total loading of 0.15 mg Pt cm–2. Therefore, this work contributes to the economy of hydrogen energy by paving the way for MEA optimization with complex parameters by ML.

A novel amphoteric asphalt emulsifier of octadecylbis(propanamide)-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride was synthesised from the raw materials octadecylamine, acrylamide, epichlorohydrin and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The tertiary amine octadecyl-bis(propanamide) was synthesised from octadecylamine and acrylamide (step 1). Sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl phosphate (intermediate) was obtained from epichlorohydrin and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (step 2). The asphalt emulsifier was obtained from octadecyl-bis(propanamide)-tertiary amine and the intermediate by quaternisation reaction (step 3). The yield of the final product reached 94.90%. The structure was identified by FTIR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The critical micelle concentration of the product is 1.46 × 10–5mol L–1. The surface tension at CMC is 37.78 mN ν–1. The saturated adsorption amount of asphalt emulsifier is 2.72 × 10–3mmol ν–2. The occupied area per asphalt emulsifier molecule at CMC is 0.611 nm2mol–1. The surfactant is a fast-setting asphalt emulsifier.

Decontamination of the toxic selenium compound, selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)), from wastewater is imperative for environmental protection. Efficient approaches to remove Se(IV) and Se(VI) are in urgent needs. In this work, an accessible adsorbent Fe–OOH–bent was prepared and applied for the removal of Se(IV) and Se(VI) from wastewater. The batch experimental results demonstrate that Fe–OOH–bent exhibits high adsorption capacities of 5.01 × 10−4and 2.28 × 10−4mol/g for Se(IV) and Se(VI) respectively, which are higher than most of the reported bentonite based materials, especially in the case of Se(VI). Moreover, the Fe–OOH–bent displayed superior selectivity towards Se(IV) and Se(VI) even in the presence of excess competitive anions (Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−and PO43−) and HA with concentrations of 1000 times higher than Se(IV) and Se(VI). By evaluating the adsorption ratio of Se(IV) and Se(VI), the reusability of Fe–OOH–bent was great through five adsorption-desorption cycles. For practical application, the column experiments were performed with simulated wastewater samples. The breakthrough and eluting curves of Se(IV) and Se(VI) were investigated through the columns packed with Fe–OOH–bent, and the results show that Se(IV) and Se(VI) can be successfully separated and recovered using 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4(pH = 9.0) and 0.1 mol/L Na3PO4(pH = 9.0), respectively. Our work provides a new approach for fractional separation as well as the recovery of Se(IV) and Se(VI) from wastewater.

Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) possess adaptive immune features, which confer antigen-specific memory responses against haptens and viruses. However, the transcriptional regulation of memory ILC1 responses is currently not known. We show that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) has high expression in memory ILC1s in murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS) models. RORα deficiency diminishes ILC1-mediated CHS responses significantly but has no effect on memory T cell-mediated CHS responses. During sensitization, RORα promotes sensitized-ILC1 expansion by suppressing expression of cell-cycle repressors in draining lymph nodes. RORα programs gene-expression patterns related to cell survival and is required for the long-term maintenance of memory ILC1s in the liver. Our findings reveal RORα to be a key transcriptional factor for sensitized-ILC1 expansion and long-term maintenance of memory ILC1s.

Unveiling the pore-size performance of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is imperative for controllable design of sophisticated catalysts. Herein, UiO-66 with distinct macropores and mesopores were intentionally created and served as substrates to create advanced CdS/UiO-66 catalysts. The pore size impacted the spatial distribution of CdS nanoparticles (NPs): CdS tended to deposit on the external surface of mesoporous UiO-66, but spontaneously penetrated into the large cavity of macroporous UiO-66 nanocage. Normalized to unit amount of CdS, the photocatalytic reaction constant of macroporous CdS/UiO-66 over 4-nitroaniline reduction was ∼3 folds of that of mesoporous counterpart, and outperformed many other reported state-of-art CdS-based catalysts. A confinement effect of CdS NPs within UiO-66 cage could respond for its high activity, which could shorten the electron-transport distance of NPs-MOFs-reactant, and protect the active CdS NPs from photocorrosion. The finding here provides a straightforward paradigm and mechanism to rationally fabricate advance NPs/MOFs for diverse applications.

A series of novel amphoteric surfactants containing amide groups with different hydrophobic carbon chain lengths were synthesized by using fatty amines with different carbon chain lengths, acrylamide and sodium chloroacetate as raw materials. The surface performance parameters and the thermodynamic functions of the surfactants in aqueous solution with different hydrophobic carbon chain length were determined and analyzed by the surface tension and conductivity. The surfactants were started to form pre-micellization before reaching the critical micelle concentration in the solution from the molar conductance-concentration squared curve and the apparent activation energy-concentration curve. According to the water separation time and the foaming performance experiments, as the hydrophobic carbon chain length grows, the emulsifying ability and defoaming property become better. The surfactants synthesized from octadecylamine belong to rapid-set emulsifier of asphalt.

•Microwave-assisted ethylene glycol reduction with a single batch Pt suspension.•A safe, fast and scalable synthesis of Pt/C catalysts with various Pt loadings.•61% Pt/C exhibits a current density of 1201 mA cm−2at 0.6 V with 0.1 mgPtcm−2.•The Pt nanocolloid shows an excellent stability during 3 months.

The ink jet printing RGB patterning technology (“Printing Technology”) for OLED TV application is gathering momentum toward commercialization. The main technical challenges of printing technology, are (1) to improve the OLED TV panel performance fabricated by printing technology, and (2) to establish manufacturable the G8.5/G11 MURA‐Free printing technology. Recently, the printing technology has made tremendous progress in terms of OLED material performance( life time, current efficiency, color gamut and driving voltage) including optimization of top emission device architecture and maturity of MURA‐Free ink‐jet printing technology ,such as high performance ink‐jet printing equipment equipped with excellent print‐head in terms of drop volume uniformity and drop placement accuracy, ink formulation for reliable jetting, hydrophobic bank material/design/process and unique vacuum dry & bake process. TCL Group (Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology, TCL Corporate Research, TCL CSOT) has been developing the manufacturable printing technology for TV application and innovative flexible display technology since 2015. Based on development activities of 31” 4K OLED TV, 31” 4K H‐QLED TV(World 1stDemo at CES 2019), 31” FHD Flexible Printed OLED TV and 4.92” (403ppi) high resolution panel, the latest breakthrough of printing technology for next generation premium TV is discussed in details.

Myocardial infarction and heart failure are associated with reduced voltage-gated Na+current (INa) that promotes arrhythmias and sudden deaths. We have previously shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signalling (Wnt signalling), which is active in heart disease, reduces cardiac INa, suggesting that Wnt signalling may be a potential therapeutic target. However, because Wnt signalling is required for the homeostasis of many noncardiac tissues, administration of Wnt inhibitors to heart patients would cause significant side effects. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cardiac INainhibition by Wnt, which would identify cardiac-specific therapeutic targets.

Defects in articular cartilage injury and chronic osteoarthritis are very widespread and common, and the ability of injured cartilage to repair itself is limited. Stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering provides a promising therapeutic option for articular cartilage damage. However, the application of the technique is limited by the number, source, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. The co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes is available for cartilage tissue engineering, and mechanical stimulation is an important factor that should not be ignored. A combination of these two approaches, i.e., co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes under mechanical stimulation, can provide sufficient quantity and quality of cells for cartilage tissue engineering, and when combined with scaffold materials and cytokines, this approach ultimately achieves the purpose of cartilage repair and reconstruction. In this review, we focus on the effects of co-culture and mechanical stimulation on mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes for articular cartilage tissue engineering. An in-depth understanding of the impact of co-culture and mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes can facilitate the development of additional strategies for articular cartilage tissue engineering.

We aim to quantitatively synthesise available epidemiological evidence on the prevalence rates of workplace violence (WPV) by patients and visitors against healthcare workers. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to October 2018, as well as the reference lists of all included studies. Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion. Data were double-extracted and discrepancies were resolved by discussion. The overall percentage of healthcare worker encounters resulting in the experience of WPV was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. We included 253 eligible studies (with a total of 331 544 participants). Of these participants, 61.9% (95% CI 56.1% to 67.6%) reported exposure to any form of WPV, 42.5% (95% CI 38.9% to 46.0%) reported exposure to non-physical violence, and 24.4% (95% CI 22.4% to 26.4%) reported experiencing physical violence in the past year. Verbal abuse (57.6%; 95% CI 51.8% to 63.4%) was the most common form of non-physical violence, followed by threats (33.2%; 95% CI 27.5% to 38.9%) and sexual harassment (12.4%; 95% CI 10.6% to 14.2%). The proportion of WPV exposure differed greatly across countries, study location, practice settings, work schedules and occupation. In this systematic review, the prevalence of WPV against healthcare workers is high, especially in Asian and North American countries, psychiatric and emergency department settings, and among nurses and physicians. There is a need for governments, policymakers and health institutions to take actions to address WPV towards healthcare professionals globally.

•This review summarizes the application of ML in the optimization of PEMFC-related material systems.•Recent studies that use ML in developing electrocatalysts, MEA, flow channels, stacks, etc. are introduced.•The challenges of this cross-cutting field are covered and possible solutions, as well as future directions, are proposed.

Pseudomonas chlororaphisHT66, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that produces phenazine-1-carboxamide with high yield, was compared with three genomic sequenced P. chlororaphisstrains, GP72, 30–84 and O6. The genome sizes of four strains vary from 6.66 to 7.30Mb. Comparisons of predicted coding sequences indicated 4833 conserved genes in 5869–6455 protein-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four strains are closely related to each other. Its competitive colonization indicates that P. chlororaphiscan adapt well to its environment. No virulence or virulence-related factor was found in P. chlororaphis. All of the four strains could synthesize antimicrobial metabolites including different phenazines and insecticidal protein FitD. Some genes related to the regulation of phenazine biosynthesis were detected among the four strains. It was shown that P. chlororaphisis a safe PGPR in agricultural application and could also be used to produce some phenazine antibiotics with high-yield.

Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) represent the predominant population of liver ILCs and function as important effectors and regulators of immune responses, but the cellular heterogeneity of ILC1s is not fully understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that liver ILC1s could be dissected into Ly49E+ and Ly49E− populations with unique transcriptional and phenotypic features. Genetic fate-mapping analysis revealed that liver Ly49E+ ILC1s with strong cytotoxicity originated from embryonic non–bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), persisted locally during postnatal life, and mediated protective immunity against cytomegalovirus infection in newborn mice. However, Ly49E− ILC1s developed from BM and extramedullary HPCs after birth, gradually replaced Ly49E+ ILC1s in the livers with age, and contained the memory subset in recall response to hapten challenge. Thus, our study shows that Ly49E dissects liver ILC1s into two unique subpopulations, with distinct origins and a bias toward neonatal innate or adult immune memory responses.

Ultrathin ZnO layer of ca. four nm thick deposited from an aqueous zinc oxide hydrate (ZnO·xH2O) solution is developed as the electron transport layer (ETL) in the inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). Because of the low energy metal–ammine dissociation and hydroxide condensation/dehydration chemistry, a conversion temperature (TA) as low as 80 °C is achieved. With the active layer of poly(N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-3′,2′,1′-benzothiadiazole)) doped with [6,6]-phenyl C71butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PC71BM), the average power conversion efficiency of the devices is up to 6.48%, and the short circuit current density reaches 11.4 mA cm–2. In comparison, the devices with traditional sol–gel processed ZnO electron transport layer has a power conversion efficiency of 5.53% at an annealing temperature of 200 °C. The device performance improvement is attributed to the better charge transportation and smoother surface of the ZnO film deposited from ZnO·xH2O aqueous solution. The simple solution preparation and the facile device fabrication, combined with the low conversion temperature make the aqueous ZnO·xH2O one of the best candidates for ETL in the inverted PSCs fabricated on low cost, flexible substrates.

•Machine learning could greatly reduce the computing cost of multiphysics models.•Explainable AI intelligently revealed impact of each parameter in the complex system.•Precise AI prediction costs time orders of magnitude shorter than experiments.•AI-guided optimization achieved 3.2 times the Pt utilization of commercial products.

Guangdong Juhua has fabricated the world’s first 31 inch, 4K, H‐QLED TV, by using ink‐jet printing technology. The Red and Green pixel of H‐QLED TV is made from electrical luminescence quantum dot (QD for short) materials, and Blue pixel is made from soluble blue OLED material. It is a self‐emitting and top emission display with excellent performance brought by quantum dot materials, which provide large colour gamut, wider view angle, high luminance and high resolution.

Neurons require proper polarization for precise positioning and axon-dendrite formation. Their intrinsic regulators and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that Wdr47 is a key polarization regulator. Wdr47-deficient newborn mice die of suffocation due to central nervous system defects including axonal tracts agenesis and slowed radial migration. Wdr47deficiency represses the multipolar-bipolar transition of cortical neurons, reduces neurite tip-directed microtubule dynamics, and causes multi-axon formation. Overexpression of Wdr47 in wild-type neurons inhibits axon specification and neutralizes Taxol-induced neurite overgrowth and axon overproduction. Wdr47 interacts with the Camsap family of microtubule minus-end-binding proteins; associates with microtubules through Camsap3, whose gene disruption also causes multi-axons; and promotes Camsap3 accumulation in neurites of unpolarized neurons. Furthermore, Camsap overexpression rescues the polarization defects of Wdr47-deficient neurons. Our results indicate that Wdr47 facilitates proper neurite remodeling through Camsaps to fine-tune regional microtubule dynamics and organization during early stages of neuronal polarization.

The recombinant plasmid pGEM4Z-ras DNA which was methylated on dam and dcm sites outside the Pvull recognition sequence was digested with restriction endonuclease Pvull, and one of the three Pvull sites was about 16-fold less efficient to cleave than either of the other two. On the contrary, the three Pvull sites were cleaved at about the same rate on the unmethylated DNA molecule.The results show that the cleavage inhibition of the methylated DNA on the certain Pvull site was caused by methylation outsidethe Pvull recognition sequence. Maybe a adjacent methylated dam site A was responsible for the less efficient cleavage. This observation suggests that methylation outside the recognition sequence may be considered a new factor in the kinetic experiment of restriction endonuclease.