38 results on '"Campbell, Wayne W"'
Search Results
2. Consuming Mushrooms When Adopting a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Does Not Influence Short-Term Changes of Most Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults
- Author
-
Uffelman, Cassi N, Schmok, Jacqueline N, Campbell, Robyn E, Hartman, Austin S, Olson, Matthew R, Anderson, Nicole L, Reisdorph, Nichole A, Tang, Minghua, Krebs, Nancy F, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
Mushrooms are a nutritious food, though knowledge of the effects of mushroom consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors is limited and inconsistent.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The effects of Mediterranean diets with low or high glycemic index on plasma glucose and insulin profiles are different in adult men and women: Data from MEDGI-Carb randomized clinical trial.
- Author
-
Vitale, Marilena, Costabile, Giuseppina, Bergia, Robert E., Hjorth, Therese, Campbell, Wayne W., Landberg, Rikard, Riccardi, Gabriele, and Giacco, Rosalba
- Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the ability to regulate glucose and insulin homeostasis is different in men and women. Against this background, it has been hypothesized that the impact on daily plasma glucose and insulin profiles of the glycemic index (GI) of the habitual diet may differ according to sex. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether 8-h average plasma glucose and insulin profiles during a low- or a high-GI diet in individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes are influenced by sex. We conducted a randomized, controlled, parallel group dietary intervention, comparing high-versus low-GI diets in a multi-national (Italy, Sweden, and the United States) sample of 156 adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. For 12 weeks, 82 vs 74 participants consumed either a low-GI or high-GI Mediterranean diet, respectively. The two experimental diets contained the same quantity of available carbohydrate (270 g/d) and fiber (35 g/d) and the same foods and beverages, except for the major sources of starch that was specific to the low-GI and high-GI groups (pasta, brown rice, flatbread, all bran, and wheat bread plus rye and seeds, vs jasmine rice, potato, couscous, wholegrain bread, and rusks). At baseline and after the intervention plasma glucose and insulin profiles were evaluated for 8 h in the two intervention groups – separately for men and women – with both breakfast and lunch resembling food choices of the assigned diet. One hundred fifty-six adults (82 women, 74 men) with at least two traits of the metabolic syndrome completed the intervention. In women, the high-GI induced significantly higher (23%, p < 0.05) 8-h average plasma glucose concentrations in comparison to the low-GI diet already on the first day of the intervention; the difference increased up to 37% (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks of diet. Conversely, there were no significant differences between the two diets in men. These results were confirmed by the two-way analysis of variance showing a statistically significant interaction between the effects of sex and diet on the glucose profile after breakfast and lunch (F = 7.887, p = 0.006). The results of our intervention show that women, compared to men, are more sensitive to the metabolic effects of the dietary GI. This has a strong clinical and scientific relevance and, if confirmed in further studies, it might have important implications for dietary strategies for diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention in the context of personalized nutrition. Clinicaltrials.gov n. NCT03410719. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Effects of Adding Lean Red Meat to a U.S.-Style Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern on Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Adults: a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Wang, Yu, Lindemann, Stephen R., Cross, Tzu-Wen L., Tang, Minghua, Clark, Caroline M., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
Limited research evidence exists on the effects of red meat on gut microbiota in human adults.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Important Concepts in Protein Nutrition, Aging, and Skeletal Muscle: Honoring Dr Douglas Paddon-Jones (1969–2021) by Highlighting His Research Contributions
- Author
-
Arentson-Lantz, Emily J., Layman, Donald K., Leidy, Heather J., Campbell, Wayne W., and Phillips, Stuart M.
- Abstract
This review is a tribute to honor Dr Douglas Paddon-Jones by highlighting his career research contributions. Dr Paddon-Jones was a leader in recognizing the importance of muscle health and the interactions of physical activity and dietary protein for optimizing the health span. Aging is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength associated with reduced rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and the ability to repair and replace muscle proteins. Research from the team at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston discovered that the age-related decline in MPS could be overcome by increasing the quantity or quality of dietary protein at each meal. Dr Paddon-Jones was instrumental in proposing and testing a “protein threshold” of ∼30 g protein/meal to optimize MPS in older adults. Dr Paddon-Jones demonstrated that physical inactivity greatly accelerates the loss of muscle mass and function in older adults. His work in physical activity led him to propose the “Catabolic Crisis Model” of muscle size and function losses, suggesting that age-related muscle loss is not a linear process, but the result of acute periods of disuse associated with injuries, illnesses, and bed rest. This model creates the opportunity to provide targeted interventions via protein supplementation and/or increased dietary protein through consuming high-quality animal-source foods. He illustrated that nutritional support, particularly enhanced protein quantity, quality, and meal distribution, can help preserve muscle health during periods of inactivity and promote health across the life course.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Poultry Consumption and Human Health: How Much Is Really Known? A Systematically Searched Scoping Review and Research Perspective
- Author
-
Connolly, Gavin, Clark, Caroline M, Campbell, Robyn E, Byers, Adam W, Reed, Jason B, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
This scoping review was conducted to systematically search and chronicle scientific literature pertinent to poultry intake and human health. The protocol (uploaded to Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2k7bj/) was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Articles with observational and experimental research, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 212 focused on cancer morbidity and mortality; 41 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; 52 on CVD risk factors; 32 on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) morbidity and mortality; 33 on T2DM risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition. An “Other” category (181 articles) included nutrient status, psychological well-being/mental health, cognition, microbiome, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skin disorders, and fertility, among others. Among the 525 included articles, 366 were observational, 64 were experimental, and 76 were reviews and meta-analyses. Eighty-three percent of articles focused on adults or older adults. A paucity of research exists to support poultry as health-promoting foods, with most research only indirectly assessing poultry intake compared with other foods of interest (e.g., red meats or plant-based protein foods). No randomized controlled trials and only 1% of OBS assessed the influence of processed poultry intake on human health. In the future, the relative health effects of consuming poultry will be compared with a widening array of traditional and new protein-rich food products, necessitating the need for research to assess poultry as foods of choice. Science and health professionals, the poultry industry, and the public will benefit from new observational and experimental research to address cutting-edge scientific, public policy, and consumer topics pertinent to poultry intake and human health.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Greater protein intake emphasizing lean beef does not affect resistance training-induced adaptations to skeletal muscle and tendon in older women: A randomized controlled feeding trial
- Author
-
Carroll, Chad C., Campbell, Nathan W.C., Lewis, Rebecca L., Preston, Sarah E., Garrett, Chloe M., Winstone, Hannah M., Barker, Anna C., Vanos, Johnny M., Stouder, Lucas S., Reyes, Camila, Fortino, Matthew, Goergen, Craig J., Hass, Zachary J., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
While experimental research supports that resistance training (RT), especially with greater dietary protein intake, improves muscle mass and strength in older adults, comparable research on tendons is needed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Effects of Total Red Meat Intake on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Author
-
O'Connor, Lauren E, Kim, Jung Eun, Clark, Caroline M, Zhu, Wenbin, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of total red meat (TRM) intake on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers using randomized controlled trials of individuals free from cardiometabolic disease. We hypothesized that higher TRM intake would negatively influence glycemic control and inflammation based on positive correlations between TRM and diabetes. We found 24 eligible articles (median duration, 8 weeks) from 1172 articles searched in PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL up to August 2019 that included 1) diet periods differing in TRM; 2) participants aged ≥19 years; 3) included either men or women who were not pregnant/lactating; 4) no diagnosed cardiometabolic disease; and 5) data on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), or cytokines. We used 1) a repeated-measures ANOVA to assess pre to post diet period changes; 2) random-effects meta-analyses to compare pre to post changes between diet periods with ≥ vs. <0.5 servings (35g)/day of TRM; and 3) meta-regressions for dose-response relationships. We grouped diet periods to explore heterogeneity sources, including risk of bias, using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Quality Assessment of Controlled Interventions Studies. Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR values decreased, while HbA1c and CRP values did not change during TRM or alternative diet periods. There was no difference in change values between diet periods with ≥ vs. <0.5 servings/day of TRM [weighted mean differences (95% CIs): glucose, 0.040 mmol/L (−0.049, 0.129); insulin, −0.710 pmol/L (−6.582, 5.162); HOMA-IR, 0.110 (−0.072, 0.293); CRP, 2.424 nmol/L (−1.460, 6.309)] and no dose response relationships (P > 0.2). Risk of bias (85% of studies were fair to good) did not influence results. Total red meat consumption, for up to 16 weeks, does not affect changes in biomarkers of glycemic control or inflammation for adults free of, but at risk for, cardiometabolic disease. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as 2018 CRD42018096031.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effects of Total Red Meat Intake on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Author
-
O'Connor, Lauren E, Kim, Jung Eun, Clark, Caroline M, Zhu, Wenbin, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of total red meat (TRM) intake on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers using randomized controlled trials of individuals free from cardiometabolic disease. We hypothesized that higher TRM intake would negatively influence glycemic control and inflammation based on positive correlations between TRM and diabetes. We found 24 eligible articles (median duration, 8 weeks) from 1172 articles searched in PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL up to August 2019 that included 1) diet periods differing in TRM; 2) participants aged ≥19 years; 3) included either men or women who were not pregnant/lactating; 4) no diagnosed cardiometabolic disease; and 5) data on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), or cytokines. We used 1) a repeated-measures ANOVA to assess pre to post diet period changes; 2) random-effects meta-analyses to compare pre to post changes between diet periods with ≥ vs. <0.5 servings (35g)/day of TRM; and 3) meta-regressions for dose-response relationships. We grouped diet periods to explore heterogeneity sources, including risk of bias, using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment of Controlled Interventions Studies. Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR values decreased, while HbA1c and CRP values did not change during TRM or alternative diet periods. There was no difference in change values between diet periods with ≥ vs. <0.5 servings/day of TRM [weighted mean differences (95% CIs): glucose, 0.040 mmol/L (−0.049, 0.129); insulin, −0.710 pmol/L (−6.582, 5.162); HOMA-IR, 0.110 (−0.072, 0.293); CRP, 2.424 nmol/L (−1.460, 6.309)] and no dose response relationships (P> 0.2). Risk of bias (85% of studies were fair to good) did not influence results. Total red meat consumption, for up to 16 weeks, does not affect changes in biomarkers of glycemic control or inflammation for adults free of, but at risk for, cardiometabolic disease. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as 2018 CRD42018096031.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Vitamin D status and supplementation impacts on skeletal muscle function: comparisons between young athletes and older adults
- Author
-
Byers, Adam W., Connolly, Gavin, and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Protein Intake Greater than the RDA Differentially Influences Whole-Body Lean Mass Responses to Purposeful Catabolic and Anabolic Stressors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Author
-
Hudson, Joshua L, Wang, Yu, Bergia III, Robert E, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
Under stressful conditions such as energy restriction (ER) and physical activity, the RDA for protein of 0.8 g · kg−1· d−1may no longer be an appropriate recommendation. Under catabolic or anabolic conditions, higher protein intakes are proposed to attenuate the loss or increase the gain of whole-body lean mass, respectively. No known published meta-analysis compares protein intakes greater than the RDA with intakes at the RDA. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of protein intakes greater than the RDA, compared with at the RDA, on changes in whole-body lean mass. Three researchers independently screened 1520 articles published through August 2018 using the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases, with additional articles identified in published systematic review articles. Randomized, controlled, parallel studies ≥6 wk long with apparently healthy adults (≥19 y) were eligible for inclusion. Data from 18 studies resulting in 22 comparisons of lean mass changes were included in the final overall analysis. Among all comparisons, protein intakes greater than the RDA benefitted changes in lean mass relative to consuming the RDA [weighted mean difference (95% CI): 0.32 (0.01, 0.64) kg, n = 22 comparisons]. In the subgroup analyses, protein intakes greater than the RDA attenuated lean mass loss after ER [0.36 (0.06, 0.67) kg, n = 14], increased lean mass after resistance training (RT) [0.77 (0.23, 1.31) kg, n = 3], but did not differentially affect changes in lean mass [0.08 (−0.59, 0.75) kg, n = 7] under nonstressed conditions (no ER + no RT). Protein intakes greater than the RDA beneficially influenced changes in lean mass when adults were purposefully stressed by the catabolic stressor of dietary ER with and without the anabolic stressor of RT. The RDA for protein is adequate to support lean mass in adults during nonstressed states. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prosperoas CRD 42018106532.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Nitrated meat products are associated with mania in humans and altered behavior and brain gene expression in rats
- Author
-
Khambadkone, Seva G., Cordner, Zachary A., Dickerson, Faith, Severance, Emily G., Prandovszky, Emese, Pletnikov, Mikhail, Xiao, Jianchun, Li, Ye, Boersma, Gretha J., Talbot, C. Conover, Campbell, Wayne W., Wright, Christian S., Siple, C. Evan, Moran, Timothy H., Tamashiro, Kellie L., and Yolken, Robert H.
- Abstract
Mania is a serious neuropsychiatric condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that environmental exposures can contribute to mania pathogenesis. We measured dietary exposures in a cohort of individuals with mania and other psychiatric disorders as well as in control individuals without a psychiatric disorder. We found that a history of eating nitrated dry cured meat but not other meat or fish products was strongly and independently associated with current mania (adjusted odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.24–5.45, p< 8.97 × 10−8). Lower odds of association were found between eating nitrated dry cured meat and other psychiatric disorders. We further found that the feeding of meat preparations with added nitrate to rats resulted in hyperactivity reminiscent of human mania, alterations in brain pathways that have been implicated in human bipolar disorder, and changes in intestinal microbiota. These findings may lead to new methods for preventing mania and for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Dietary Meat Categories and Descriptions in Chronic Disease Research Are Substantively Different within and between Experimental and Observational Studies: A Systematic Review and Landscape Analysis
- Author
-
O'Connor, Lauren E, Gifford, Cody L, Woerner, Dale R, Sharp, Julia L, Belk, Keith E, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
This systematic review and landscape analysis describes patterns in dietary meat (skeletal muscle and associated tissues from mammalian, avian, and aquatic species; i.e., muscle foods) categories (CAT) and descriptions (DESCR) used throughout nutrition-related chronic disease literature, as there is anecdotally noted variation. A total of 1020 CAT and 776 DESCR were identified from 369 articles that assessed muscle food consumption and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or cancer in adults ≥19 y from PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL up to March 2018. Specificity of CAT was analyzed on an empirical 1–7 ordinal scale as: 1) broad/undescriptive, “fish”; 2) muscle food type, “red meat”; 3) species, “poultry”; 4) broad + 1 descriptor, “processed meat”; 5) type/species + 1 descriptor, “fresh red meat”; 6) broad/type + 2 descriptors, “poached lean fish”; and 7) specific product, “luncheon meat.” Median CAT specificity for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OBSs) was 3 and 2 points out of 7, respectively, with no differences between chronic disease types. Specificity of OBS CAT was higher in recent articles but RCT CAT became less specific starting in the 2000s. RCT CAT were 400% more likely to include species, 500% more likely to include leanness, but 400% less likely to include processing degree compared with OBS CAT. A DESCR was included for 76% and 82% of OBS and RCT CAT, respectively. Researchers described processed meat, red meat, and total meat CAT more commonly than poultry or fish CAT. Among processed meat DESCR, 31% included a common term used in public regulatory definitions. In conclusion, muscle food categories and descriptions are substantively different within and between experimental and observational studies and do not match regulatory definitions. A practical muscle food classification system is warranted to improve interpretation of evidence regarding muscle food consumption and chronic disease.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Effects of Dietary Protein Quantity on Bone Quantity following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Author
-
Wright, Christian S, Li, Jia, and Campbell, Wayne W
- Abstract
Research supports the hypothesis that higher total protein intake during weight loss promotes retention of lean soft tissue, but the effect of dietary protein quantity on bone mass, a lean hard tissue, is inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of dietary protein quantity [higher protein (HP): ≥25% of energy from protein or ≥1.0 g · kg body wt–1· d–1; normal protein (NP): <25% of energy from protein or <1.0 g · kg body wt–1· d–1] on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC; total body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck) following a prescribed energy restriction. We hypothesized that an HP diet would attenuate the loss of BMD/BMC following weight loss in comparison to an NP diet. Two researchers systematically and independently screened 2366 publications from PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection and extracted data from 34 qualified publications. Inclusion criteria included the following: 1) healthy subjects ≥19 y; 2) a prescribed energy restriction; 3) measurements of total protein intake, BMD, and BMC; and 4) an intervention duration of ≥3 mo. Data from 10 of the 34 publications with 2 groups of different total protein intakes were extracted and used to conduct a random-effects model meta-analysis. A majority of publications (59%) showed a decrease in bone quantity following active weight loss, regardless of total protein intake. Statistically, the loss of total BMD (P= 0.016; weighted mean difference: +0.006 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0, 0.011 g/cm2) and lumbar spine BMD (P= 0.019; weighted mean difference: +0.017 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.033 g/cm2) was attenuated with an HP versus an NP weight-loss diet. However, the clinical significance is questionable given the modest weighted mean difference and study duration. Higher total protein intake does not exacerbate but may attenuate the loss of bone quantity following weight loss.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The emerging global phenomenon of sarcopenic obesity: Role of functional foods; a conference report.
- Author
-
Shao, Andrew, Campbell, Wayne W., Chen, C-Y. Oliver, Mittendorfer, Bettina, Rivas, Donato A., and Griffiths, James C.
- Abstract
Globally, obesity rates remain high and rates of related co-morbidities, e.g., metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, continue to escalate. Poor diet, lifestyle, and an aging population has led to the emergence of “sarcopenic obesity” - characterized by low skeletal muscle mass/strength, combined with excess body fat, much of which is visceral. Surrounding the body's critical organs, visceral fat stimulates systemic inflammation and is an increasingly serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Nutrition survey data suggest that populations are becoming overfed, yet undernourished, contributing simultaneously to a greater prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and elevated rates of chronic disease and nutrient inadequacy. Nutrition and public health policies need to evolve, including finding an alternative to BMI for assessing healthy body weight, raising awareness of the importance of sustainable physical activity with aging, emphasizing the nutrient density of the diet, and greater consideration of dietary protein and bioactive nutrient intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effect of Protein Intake on Lean Body Mass in Functionally Limited Older Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Bhasin, Shalender, Apovian, Caroline M., Travison, Thomas G., Pencina, Karol, Moore, Lynn L., Huang, Grace, Campbell, Wayne W., Li, Zhuoying, Howland, Andrew S., Chen, Ruo, Knapp, Philip E., Singer, Martha R., Shah, Mitali, Secinaro, Kristina, Eder, Richard V., Hally, Kathleen, Schram, Haley, Bearup, Richelle, Beleva, Yusnie M., McCarthy, Ashley C., Woodbury, Erin, McKinnon, Jennifer, Fleck, Geeta, Storer, Thomas W., and Basaria, Shehzad
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The Institute of Medicine set the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein at 0.8 g/kg/d for the entire adult population. It remains controversial whether protein intake greater than the RDA is needed to maintain protein anabolism in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether increasing protein intake to 1.3 g/kg/d in older adults with physical function limitations and usual protein intake within the RDA improves lean body mass (LBM), muscle performance, physical function, fatigue, and well-being and augments LBM response to a muscle anabolic drug. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted in a research center. A modified intent-to-treat analytic strategy was used. Participants were 92 functionally limited men 65 years or older with usual protein intake less thanor equal to 0.83 g/kg/d within the RDA. The first participant was randomized on September 21, 2011, and the last participant completed the study on January 19, 2017. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized for 6 months to controlled diets with 0.8 g/kg/d of protein plus placebo, 1.3 g/kg/d of protein plus placebo, 0.8 g/kg/d of protein plus testosterone enanthate (100 mg weekly), or 1.3 g/kg/d of protein plus testosterone. Prespecified energy and protein contents were provided through custom-prepared meals and supplements. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in LBM. Secondary outcomes were muscle strength, power, physical function, health-related quality of life, fatigue, affect balance, and well-being. RESULTS: Among 92 men (mean [SD] age, 73.0 [5.8] years), the 4 study groups did not differ in baseline characteristics. Changes from baseline in LBM (0.31 kg; 95% CI, −0.46 to 1.08 kg; P = .43) and appendicular (0.04 kg; 95% CI, −0.48 to 0.55 kg; P = .89) and trunk (0.24 kg; 95% CI, −0.17 to 0.66 kg; P = .24) lean mass, as well as muscle strength and power, walking speed and stair-climbing power, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and well-being, did not differ between men assigned to 0.8 vs 1.3 g/kg/d of protein regardless of whether they received testosterone or placebo. Fat mass decreased in participants given higher protein but did not change in those given the RDA: between-group differences were significant (difference, −1.12 kg; 95% CI, −2.04 to −0.21; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Protein intake exceeding the RDA did not increase LBM, muscle performance, physical function, or well-being measures or augment anabolic response to testosterone in older men with physical function limitations whose usual protein intakes were within the RDA. The RDA for protein is sufficient to maintain LBM, and protein intake exceeding the RDA does not promote LBM accretion or augment anabolic response to testosterone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01275365
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Salmon Food-Specific Compounds and Their Metabolites Increase in Human Plasma and Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Health Indicators Following a Mediterranean-style Diet Intervention
- Author
-
Hill, Emily B., Reisdorph, Richard M., Rajery, Sakaiza Rasolofomanana, Michel, Cole, Khajeh-Sharafabadi, Mobin, Doenges, Katrina A., Weaver, Nicholas, Quinn, Kevin, Sutliff, Aimee K., Tang, Minghua, Borengasser, Sarah J., Frank, Daniel N., O’Connor, Lauren E., Campbell, Wayne W., Krebs, Nancy F., Hendricks, Audrey E., and Reisdorph, Nichole A.
- Abstract
Nutrimetabolomics allows for the comprehensive analysis of foods and human biospecimens to identify biomarkers of intake and begin to probe their associations with health. Salmon contains hundreds of compounds which may provide cardiometabolic benefits.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults
- Author
-
Wang, Yu, Uffelman, Cassi N., Bergia, Robert E., Clark, Caroline M., Reed, Jason B., Cross, Tzu-Wen L., Lindemann, Stephen R., Tang, Minghua, and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
Emerging research indicates the importance of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between meat intake and human health outcomes. We aimed to assess the state of available scientific literature on meat intake and gut microbiota in humans (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020135649). We first conducted a scoping review to identify observational and interventional studies on this topic. Searches were performed for English language articles using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from inception to August 2021 and using keywords related to meat (inclusive of mammalian, avian, and aquatic subtypes) and gut microbiota. Of 14,680 records, 85 eligible articles were included in the scoping review, comprising 57 observational and 28 interventional studies. One prospective observational study and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in adults without diagnosed disease. We included the 13 RCTs, comprising 18 comparisons, in the systematic review to assess the effects of higher and lower intakes of total meat and meat subtypes on the gut microbiota composition. The bacterial composition was differentially affected by consuming diets with and without meat or with varied meat subtypes. For example, higher meat intake tended to decrease population sizes of genera Anerostipesand Faecalibacterium, but it increased the population size of Roseburiaacross studies. However, the magnitude and directionality of most microbial responses varied, with inconsistent patterns of responses across studies. The data were insufficient for comparison within or between meat subtypes. The paucity of research, especially among meat subtypes, and heterogeneity of findings underscore the need for more well-designed prospective studies and full-feeding RCTs to address the relationships between and effects of consuming total meat and meat subtypes on gut microbiota, respectively.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Associations between Diet Behaviors and Measures of Glycemia, in Clinical Setting, in Obese Adolescents
- Author
-
Wagner, Kelly A., Armah, Seth M., Smith, Lisa G., Pike, Julie, Tu, Wanzhu, Campbell, Wayne W., Boushey, Carol J., Hannon, Tamara S., and Gletsu-Miller, Nana
- Abstract
AbstractObjective:To determine the influence of dietary behaviors, assessed in a clinical setting, on measures of glycemia in overweight and obese adolescents.Study Design:The study is a retrospective, cross-sectional chart review. Eligible participants were overweight youth (N= 146, age 9–21 years) who attended the Youth Diabetes Prevention Clinic in Indianapolis, IN. Glycemic status was assessed during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the Bright Futures Questionnaire, a recommended clinical tool for assessing unhealthy behaviors in youth, nutrition-specific questions were modified to quantify dietary habits. Associations between dietary habits and measures of glycemia were determined using multiple linear regression models. Skewed data are presented as geometric means and 95% confidence intervals.Results:Of the 146 adolescents who were assessed [60% girls, age 13.7 years (13.3, 14.0), BMI 33.9 kg/m2(33.3, 34.5)], 40% were diagnosed with prediabetes. Higher intake of dessert foods was associated with increased glucose levels at 2 hours following the OGTT (β = 0.23, p= 0.004), and higher intake of packaged snack foods was associated with elevated levels of hemoglobin A1c (β = 0.04, p= 0.04), independent of adiposity.Conclusions:In obese youth, high intakes of dessert and packaged snack items were associated with elevated concentrations of glucose at 2 hours following the OGTT and hemoglobin A1c. Findings demonstrate the usefulness of a modified Bright Futures Questionnaire, used in a clinical setting, for identifying dietary behaviors associated with hyperglycemia in obese adolescents.ClinicalTrials.govregistration number: NCT02535169
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report: Development and Major Conclusions
- Author
-
Millen, Barbara E, Abrams, Steve, Adams-Campbell, Lucile, Anderson, Cheryl AM, Brenna, J Thomas, Campbell, Wayne W, Clinton, Steven, Hu, Frank, Nelson, Miriam, Neuhouser, Marian L, Perez-Escamilla, Rafael, Siega-Riz, Anna Maria, Story, Mary, and Lichtenstein, Alice H
- Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is published every 5 y jointly by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the USDA and provides a framework for US-based food and nutrition programs, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives, and research priorities. Summarized in this report are the methods, major conclusions, and recommendations of the Scientific Report of the 2015 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). Early in the process, the DGAC developed a conceptual model and formulated questions to examine nutritional risk and determinants and impact of dietary patterns in relation to numerous health outcomes among individuals aged ≥2 y. As detailed in the report, an expansive, transparent, and comprehensive process was used to address each question, with multiple opportunities for public input included. Consensus was reached on all DGAC’s findings, including each conclusion and recommendation, and the entire report. When research questions were answered by original systematic literature reviews and/or with existing, high-quality expert reports, the quality and strength of the evidence was formally graded. The report was organized around the following 5 themes: 1) food and nutrient intakes and health: current status and trends; 2) dietary patterns, foods and nutrients, and health outcomes; 3) diet and physical activity behavior change; 4) food and physical activity environments; and 5) food sustainability and food safety. The following 3 cross-cutting topics were addressed: 1) sodium, 2) saturated fat, and 3) added sugars. Physical activity recommendations from recent expert reports were endorsed. The overall quality of the American diet was assessed to identify overconsumed and underconsumed nutrients of public health concern. Common food characteristics of healthy dietary patterns were determined. Features of effective interventions to change individual and population diet and physical activity behaviors in clinical, public health, and community settings were identified. The report was used by the HHS and the USDA to develop the 2015 DGA.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Relationships between urinary inositol excretions and whole-body glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle insulin receptor phosphorylation.
- Author
-
Stull, April J., Thyfault, John P., Haub, Mark D., Ostlund, Richard E., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Subjects
GLUCOSE ,INSULIN ,PHOSPHORYLATION ,TYROSINE - Abstract
Abstract: This study assessed the relationships of urinary d-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol excretions to indices of whole-body glucose tolerance and total content and tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (activation) in skeletal muscle of older nondiabetic subjects. Fifteen adults (age, 65 ± 8 years; body mass index, 27.9 ± 3.3 kg/m
2 [mean ± SD]) completed duplicate assessments of oral (75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) and intravenous (300 mg/kg body weight intravenous glucose tolerance test) glucose tolerance challenges and 24-hour urinary d-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol excretions. Skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies were obtained at minute 60 of the OGTTs. Subjects with higher urinary d-chiro-inositol excretion had higher insulin (ρ = 0.51, P ≤ .05) and C-peptide (ρ = 0.56, P ≤ .05) area under the curves, and lower insulin sensitivity index (ρ = −0.60, P ≤ .05) during the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The urinary myo- to d-chiro-inositol ratio was also inversely related to insulin area under the curve (ρ = −0.59, P ≤ .05). Urinary d-chiro-inositol (ρ = −0.60, P ≤ .05) and myo-inositol (ρ = −0.60, P ≤ .05) were inversely related to tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (phosphotyrosine 1162/1163), but not total content of the insulin receptor during the OGTT. The apparent relationships were modestly weakened when adjustments were made for sex. These findings support previous research linking higher urinary d-chiro-inositol excretion with a progressive decline in whole-body glucose tolerance. This is the first report to link higher urinary d-chiro-inositol excretion to a blunted activation of skeletal muscle insulin receptor signaling in older nondiabetic subjects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons.
- Author
-
Campbell, Wayne W. and Leidy, Heather J.
- Abstract
The regular performance of resistance exercises and the habitual ingestion of adequate amounts of dietary protein from high-quality sources are two important ways for older persons to slow the progression of and treat sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Resistance training can help older people gain muscle strength, hypertrophy muscle, and increase whole body fat-free mass. It can also help frail elderly people improve balance and physical functioning capabilities. Inadequate protein intake will cause adverse metabolic and physiological accommodation responses that include the loss of fat-free mass and muscle strength and size. Findings from controlled feeding studies show that older persons retain the capacity to metabolically adjust to lower protein intakes by increasing the efficiency of nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization. However, they also suggest that the recommended dietary allowance of 0.8 g protein x kg(-1) x d(-1) might not be sufficient to prevent subtle accommodations and blunt desired changes in body composition and muscle size with resistance training. Most of the limited research suggests that resistance training-induced improvements in body composition, muscle strength and size, and physical functioning are not enhanced when older people who habitually consume adequate protein (modestly above the RDA) increase their protein intake by either increasing the ingestion of higher-protein foods or consuming protein-enriched nutritional supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Protein intake during energy restriction: effects on body composition and markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women.
- Author
-
Mahon, Anne K., Flynn, Michael G., Stewart, Laura K., McFarlin, Brian K., Iglay, Heidi B., Mattes, Richard D., Lyle, Roseann M., Considine, Robert V., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition. Clinical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were also measured.Design: 54 postmenopausal women, age 58 +/- 2 y, body mass index 29.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2), were assigned to one of four groups. For 9 weeks, three ER groups ate a 1000 kcal/d lacto-ovo vegetarian basal diet plus 250 kcal/d of either beef (BEEF, n = 14), chicken (CHICKEN, n = 15), or carbohydrate/fat foods (CARB (lacto-ovo), n = 14), while a control group (CON, n = 11) consumed their habitual diets.Results: Energy intake was lower in the ER groups compared to CON (BEEF, 1114 +/- 155 kcal/d, CHO: PRO: FAT, 46:24:30 % of energy intake; CHICKEN, 1098 +/- 203 kcal/d, 51:25:24; CARB 1158 +/- 341 kcal/d, 59:17:24; CON, 1570 +/- 633 kcal/d, 47:20:33), but did not differ among ER groups. For all ER subjects combined, body mass (-6.7 +/- 2.4 kg, 9 %), fat mass (-4.6 +/- 1.9 kg, 13 %), and fat-free mass (-2.1 +/- 1.1 kg, 5 %) decreased. These responses did not differ among the ER groups, except for body mass (CHICKEN -7.9 +/- 2.6 kg(a); BEEF -6.6 +/- 2.7 kg(a,b); CARB -5.6 +/- 1.8 kg(b); CON -1.2 +/- 1.2 kg(c); values with a difference superscript differ, p < 0.05). From PRE (week 0) to POST (week 9), total and LDL cholesterol decreased approximately 12%, with no differences among groups. Triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet.Conclusions: Overweight postmenopausal women can achieve significant weight loss and comparable short-term improvements in body composition and lipid-lipoprotein profile by consuming either a moderate-protein (25% of energy intake) poultry- or beef-containing diet or a lacto-ovo vegetarian protein (17% of energy intake) diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Beef and soy-based food supplements differentially affect serum lipoprotein-lipid profiles because of changes in carbohydrate intake and novel nutrient intake ratios in older men who resistive-train.
- Author
-
Haub, Mark D., Wells, Amanda M., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Subjects
NUTRITION ,PHYSICAL fitness ,MEDICAL care ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Abstract: Objective: We examined if the predominant source of dietary protein influenced the lipoprotein-lipid profile in older men who performed resistive exercise training (RT). Design: This is a 14-week, randomized, repeated-measures study with a 12-week period of RT with supplementation of different sources of dietary protein (beef and soy). Setting: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Exercise Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veteran''s Healthcare System, North Little Rock, Ark. Subjects: Twenty-six healthy men were recruited, and 21 men (age 65 ± 5 years, body mass index 28.2 ± 2.6 kg/m
2 ) completed the study. Interventions: For 14 weeks, all men were counseled to self-select a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. For 2 weeks (baseline), all men also consumed 0.6 g-protein/kg per day from portioned quantities of soy-based texturized vegetable protein foods. For the next 12 weeks, 11 men were randomized to continue with texturized vegetable protein foods (VEG group), whereas 10 men were randomized to receive 0.6 g-protein/kg per day from portioned quantities of beef (BEEF group) and continue their otherwise lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. All men participated in RT 3 d/wk during this 12-week period. Assessments of upper and lower body muscle strength and power, serum lipoprotein-lipid profile, and dietary nutrient intakes were made at baseline and week 12 of RT (POST). Results: The BEEF and VEG groups increased (P < .05) overall muscle strength and muscle power with RT, with no differences between groups. From baseline to POST, the BEEF group had increased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .025; HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .027; LDL-C), and total cholesterol (P = .015: CHOL), with no changes (P > .05) in triacylglycerol (TG), the CHOL/HDL-C ratio, or the TG/HDL-C ratio. The VEG group did not experience within-group changes (P > .05) in any lipoprotein-lipid parameter. At POST, the concentrations of HDL-C, LDL-C, and CHOL were greater in the BEEF group compared with the VEG group. There were significant interaction effects for HDL-C (P = .004) and the TG/HDL-C ratio (P = .022). Multiple regression analysis determined that, regardless of intervention, change in the saturated fat/fiber ratio (SF/fiber) predicted CHOL (adjusted R2 = 0.34); the SF/fiber ratio predicted LDL-C (adjusted R2 = 0.36); the cholesterol/fiber intake ratio predicted HDL-C (adjusted R2 = 0.26), and the change in carbohydrate intake predicted the CHOL/HDL-C ratio (adjusted R2 = 0.37) and TG (adjusted R2 = 0.44). Conclusions: These results suggest that the lipoprotein-lipid profile in these older men was differentially affected by supplementation with beef versus soy-based foods during RT. Regardless of group, the lipoprotein-lipid changes were predicted by differences in the SF/fiber ratio and cholesterol/fiber ratio and increases in carbohydrate intake over time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Dietary Protein and Resistance Training Effects on Muscle and Body Composition in Older Persons
- Author
-
Campbell, Wayne W. and Leidy, Heather J.
- Abstract
The regular performance of resistance exercises and the habitual ingestion of adequate amounts of dietary protein from high-quality sources are two important ways for older persons to slow the progression of and treat sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Resistance training can help older people gain muscle strength, hypertrophy muscle, and increase whole body fat-free mass. It can also help frail elderly people improve balance and physical functioning capabilities. Inadequate protein intake will cause adverse metabolic and physiological accommodation responses that include the loss of fat-free mass and muscle strength and size. Findings from controlled feeding studies show that older persons retain the capacity to metabolically adjust to lower protein intakes by increasing the efficiency of nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization. However, they also suggest that the recommended dietary allowance of 0.8 g protein · kg−1· d−1might not be sufficient to prevent subtle accommodations and blunt desired changes in body composition and muscle size with resistance training. Most of the limited research suggests that resistance training-induced improvements in body composition, muscle strength and size, and physical functioning are not enhanced when older people who habitually consume adequate protein (modestly above the RDA) increase their protein intake by either increasing the ingestion of higher-protein foods or consuming protein-enriched nutritional supplements.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Protein Intake during Energy Restriction: Effects on Body Composition and Markers of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women
- Author
-
Mahon, Anne K., Flynn, Michael G., Stewart, Laura K., McFarlin, Brian K., Iglay, Heidi B., Mattes, Richard D., Lyle, Roseann M., Considine, Robert V., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
Objective:The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition. Clinical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were also measured.Design:54 postmenopausal women, age 58 ± 2 y, body mass index 29.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2, were assigned to one of four groups. For 9 weeks, three ER groups ate a 1000 kcal/d lacto-ovo vegetarian basal diet plus 250 kcal/d of either beef (BEEF, n = 14), chicken (CHICKEN, n = 15), or carbohydrate/fat foods (CARB (lacto-ovo), n = 14), while a control group (CON, n = 11) consumed their habitual diets.Results:Energy intake was lower in the ER groups compared to CON (BEEF, 1114 ± 155 kcal/d, CHO: PRO: FAT, 46:24:30 % of energy intake; CHICKEN, 1098 ± 203 kcal/d, 51:25:24; CARB 1158 ± 341 kcal/d, 59:17:24; CON, 1570 ± 633 kcal/d, 47:20:33), but did not differ among ER groups. For all ER subjects combined, body mass (−6.7 ± 2.4 kg, 9 %), fat mass (−4.6 ± 1.9 kg, 13 %), and fat-free mass (−2.1 ± 1.1 kg, 5 %) decreased. These responses did not differ among the ER groups, except for body mass (CHICKEN −7.9 ± 2.6 kga; BEEF −6.6 ± 2.7 kga,b; CARB −5.6 ± 1.8 kgb; CON −1.2 ± 1.2 kgc; values with a difference superscript differ, p< 0.05). From PRE (week 0) to POST (week 9), total and LDL cholesterol decreased ∼12%, with no differences among groups. Triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet.Conclusions:Overweight postmenopausal women can achieve significant weight loss and comparable short-term improvements in body composition and lipid-lipoprotein profile by consuming either a moderate-protein (25% of energy intake) poultry- or beef-containing diet or a lacto-ovo vegetarian protein (17% of energy intake) diet.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Modular Protein Supplements and Their Application to Long-Term Care
- Author
-
Castellanos, Victoria Hammer, Litchford, Mary D., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
Modular protein supplements are added to either the diet or enteral formula to increase the protein or amino acid intakes of people who are nutritionally compromised. Protein supplements are aggressively marketed to long-term care clinicians because protein energy malnutrition and wounds are a common problem in this care setting. It can be challenging for clinicians to distinguish one product from another and to determine the best product for a specific application or nutrition care goal. Modular protein products can be sorted into 4 categories: (1) protein concentrates derived from a complete protein such as milk, soy, or eggs; (2) protein concentrates derived from collagen, either alone or in combination with a complete protein; (3) doses of 1 or more dispensable (nonessential) amino acids; and (4) hybrids of the complete or collagen-based proteins and amino acid dose. Modular protein supplements are generally provided either as a substrate for protein synthesis or as a source of 1 or more amino acids that may be conditionally indispensable (conditionally essential) under certain disease conditions. This review provides guidelines for the use of modular protein supplements according to their intended physiologic function and the assessment and nutrition care goals of the long-term care resident.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Energy Restriction with Different Protein Quantities and Source: Implications for Innate Immunity
- Author
-
McFarlin, Brian K., Flynn, Michael G., Mahon, Anne K., Stewart, Laura K., Timmerman, Kyle L., Lyle, Roseann M., and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Abstract
AbstractObjective: Physical age, energy restriction (ER), and weight loss have been reported to suppress indices of innate immunity, which may increase the risk of illness. To evaluate these interactions, we recruited older, postmenopausal women (50 to 80 years) to fill one of the following 9-week ER (1250 kcal/d) groups: beef [n = 14; reported intakes 46% carbohydrate (CHO):24% protein (PRO):30% fat], chicken (n = 15; 51% CHO:25% PRO:24% fat), or CHO (n = 14; 59% CHO:17% PRO:24% fat), or a non-intervention control (n = 11).Research Methods and Procedures: Fasting blood was collected before and after ER to determine leukocyte phenotype, neutrophil oxidative burst capacity, natural killer cell activity, stimulated interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production, and blood zinc and iron concentrations.Results: No significant effects of ER (8.6% weight loss) or PRO quantity and source were found for the majority of indices of innate immunity. Small but significant (p < 0.05) declines in interleukin-2 production were found in the chicken and CHO groups only; however, the clinical significance of this finding is not known.Discussion: In the present study, 9 weeks of moderate ER did not suppress immunity in postmenopausal women. Also, contrary to our hypothesis, differential zinc and iron intakes did not significantly alter immunity.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Dietary protein adequacy and lower body versuswhole body resistive training in older humans
- Author
-
Campbell, Wayne W., Trappe, Todd A., Jozsi, Alison C., Kruskall, Laura J., Wolfe, Robert R., and Evans, William J.
- Abstract
This study assessed the effects of long‐term consumption of the United States Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein by older people who were sedentary or performed resistive training (RT) on body composition, skeletal muscle size and protein metabolism, and if the number of muscle groups trained influenced the muscle hypertrophy response to RT. Twelve men and 17 women (age range 54–78 years) completed this 14 week controlled diet and exercise study. Throughout the study, each subject completely consumed daily euenergetic menus that provided the RDA of 0.8 g protein kg−1day−1. From study weeks 3–14 (weeks RT1‐RT12), 10 subjects (four men, six women) performed whole body RT (WBRT), nine subjects (four men, five women) performed lower body RT (LBRT) and 10 subjects (four men, six women) remained sedentary (SED). Both the LBRT and WBRT groups performed knee extension and flexion exercises, and the WBRT group also performed chest press and arm pull exercises (three sets per exercise at 80 % of one repetition maximum, 3 days per week for 12 weeks). From week 2 (baseline) to week RT12, muscle strength increased in muscle groups trained in the LBRT and WBRT groups, and was not changed in the SED group. From baseline to week RT12, whole body muscle mass and protein‐mineral mass were not changed, fat‐free mass (P= 0.004) and total body water (P= 0.013) were decreased, and percentage body fat was increased (P= 0.011) in these weight‐stable older people, independent of group assignment. The RT‐induced increases in mid‐thigh muscle area (from computed tomography scans) were comparable in the LBRT and WBRT groups (2.13 ± 1.26 cm2and 2.17 ± 1.24 cm2, respectively), and were different from those in the SED group, which lost muscle area (‐1.74 ± 0.57 cm2; group‐by‐time P< 0.05). From baseline to week RT12, 24 h urinary total nitrogen excretion decreased (P< 0.001), nitrogen balance shifted from near equilibrium to positive, whole body leucine oxidation (from the infusion of L‐[13C]leucine) decreased (P< 0.05) and net (postabsorptive vs.postprandial) leucine balance (P< 0.05) increased from near equilibrium to positive, with no differences in responses over time among the three groups. In conclusion, the number of muscle groups trained did not influence whole body protein metabolism or RT‐induced muscle hypertrophy in older people. Most of these data are consistent with a successful adaptation to the RDA for protein. However, research should continue to question whether the decreases in fat‐free mass and total body water observed in all subjects, and the decrease in mid‐thigh muscle area in the SED group, are physiological accommodations, and whether the RDA for protein might be marginally inadequate for older people to maintain skeletal muscle.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effects of a moderate glycemic meal on exercise duration and substrate utilization
- Author
-
KIRWAN, JOHN P., O’GORMAN, DONAL J., CYR-CAMPBELL, DEANNA, CAMPBELL, WAYNE W., YARASHESKI, KEVIN E., and EVANS, WILLIAM J.
- Abstract
KIRWAN, J. P., D. J. O’GORMAN, D. CYR-CAMPBELL, W. W. CAMPBELL, K. E. YARASHESKI, and W. J. EVANS. Effects of a moderate glycemic meal on exercise duration and substrate utilization. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 9, 2001, pp. 1517–1523.
- Published
- 2001
31. Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men
- Author
-
Kraemer, William J., Häkkinen, Keijo, Newton, Robert U., Nindl, Bradley C., Volek, Jeff S., McCormick, Matthew, Gotshalk, Lincoln A., Gordon, Scott E., Fleck, Steven J., Campbell, Wayne W., Putukian, Margot, and Evans, William J.
- Abstract
To examine the adaptations of the endocrine system to heavy-resistance training in younger vs. older men, two groups of men (30 and 62 yr old) participated in a 10-wk periodized strength-power training program. Blood was obtained before, immediately after, and 5, 15, and 30 min after exercise at rest before and after training and at rest at −3, 0, 6, and 10 wk for analysis of total testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, lactate, and ACTH analysis. Resting values for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 were determined before and after training. A heavy-resistance exercise test was used to evaluate the exercise-induced responses (4 sets of 10-repetition maximum squats with 90 s of rest between sets). Squat strength and thigh muscle cross-sectional area increased for both groups. The younger group demonstrated higher total and free testosterone and IGF-I than the older men, training-induced increases in free testosterone at rest and with exercise, and increases in resting IGF-binding protein-3. With training the older group demonstrated a significant increase in total testosterone in response to exercise stress along with significant decreases in resting cortisol. These data indicate that older men do respond with an enhanced hormonal profile in the early phase of a resistance training program, but the response is different from that of younger men.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men
- Author
-
Campbell, Wayne W., Joseph, Lyndon J. O., Davey, Stephanie L., Cyr-Campbell, Deanna, Anderson, Richard A., and Evans, William J.
- Abstract
The effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle size, strength, and power and whole body composition were examined in 18 men (age range 56–69 yr). The men were randomly assigned (double-blind) to groups (n= 9) that consumed either 17.8 μmol Cr/day (924 μg Cr/day) as CrPic or a low-Cr placebo for 12 wk while participating twice weekly in a high-intensity RT program. CrPic increased urinary Cr excretion ∼50-fold (P< 0.001). RT-induced increases in muscle strength (P< 0.001) were not enhanced by CrPic. Arm-pull muscle power increased with RT at 20% (P= 0.016) but not at 40, 60, or 80% of the one repetition maximum, independent of CrPic. Knee-extension muscle power increased with RT at 20, 40, and 60% (P< 0.001) but not at 80% of one repetition maximum, and the placebo group gained more muscle power than did the CrPic group (RT by supplemental interaction,P< 0.05). Fat-free mass (P< 0.001), whole body muscle mass (P< 0.001), and vastus lateralis type II fiber area (P< 0.05) increased with RT in these body-weight-stable men, independent of CrPic. In conclusion, high-dose CrPic supplementation did not enhance muscle size, strength, or power development or lean body mass accretion in older men during a RT program, which had significant, independent effects on these measurements.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Military body fat standards and equations applied to middleaged women
- Author
-
BATHALON, GASTON P., HUGHES, VIRGINIA A., CAMPBELL, WAYNE W., FIATARONE, MARIA A., and EVANS, WILLIAM J.
- Abstract
Military circumference equations are used to assess compliance of military personnel with body fat (BF) standards. The purpose of the present study was to determine the ability of military equations to correctly classify 62 women aged 40–60 yr (50.9 ± 6.2, mean ± SD) as overfat or underfat using underwater weighing (UWW) as the reference method and military BF standards as diagnostic cutoffs. Values for the mean ± SD percent BF from UWW, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy equations were 29.5 ± 7.1, 27.3 ± 4.7, 25.7 ± 5.8, and 30.3 ± 5.1, respectively. The Army and Marine Corps equations underpredicted percent BF compared to UWW, P< 0.05. Bland-Altman plots showed a lack of agreement in predicting percent BF in women 40–60 yr between equation and UWW-derived percent BF. This finding was supported by the low agreement in correctly classifying an individual as meeting or exceeding the BF standards, range 25-57, Cohen's kappa. The low sensitivities (range 20-74) and higher specificities (range 80-98) of the equations indicated they identified individuals who met the BF standards better than those who exceeded them. Caution must be exercised when using military prediction equations to assess compliance with military BF standards in healthy middle-aged women.
- Published
- 1995
34. Acute hormonal responses to heavy resistance exercise in younger and older men
- Author
-
Kraemer, William J., Häkkinen, Keijo, Newton, Robert U., McCormick, Matthew, Nindl, Bradley C., Volek, Jeff S., Gotshalk, Lincoln A., Fleck, Steven J., Campbell, Wayne W., Gordon, Scott E., Farrell, Peter A., and Evans, William J.
- Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute responses of several hormones [total and free testosterone (TT and FT, respectively), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (C), growth hormone (GH), and insulin (INS)] to a single bout of heavy resistance exercise (HRE). Eight younger [30-year (30y) group] and nine older [62-year (62y) group] men matched for general physical characteristics and activity levels performed four sets of ten repetitions maximum (RM) squats with 90?s rest between sets. Blood samples were obtained from each subject via an indwelling cannula with a saline lock pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise (IP), and 5, 15 and 30?min post-exercise. Levels of TT, FT, ACTH, C and lactate significantly increased after HRE for both groups. Pre-HRE pairwise differences between groups were noted only for FT, while post-HRE pairwise differences were found for TT, FT, GH, glucose and lactate. Area under the curve analysis showed that the 30y group had a significantly higher magnitude of increase over the entire recovery period (IP, 5, 15, and 30?min post-exercise) for TT, FT, ACTH and GH. Few changes occurred in the INS response with the only change being that the 62y group demonstrated a decrease IP. Lactate remained elevated at 30?min post-HRE. This investigation demonstrates that age-related differences occur in the endocrine response to HRE, and the most striking changes appear evident in the FT response to HRE in physically active young and older men.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sarcopenia and Age-Related Changes in Body Composition and Functional Capacity1
- Author
-
Evans, William J and Campbell, Wayne W
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Exercise Training and Dietary Chromium Effects on Glycogen, Glycogen Synthase, Phosphorylase and Total Protein in Rats
- Author
-
Campbell, Wayne W., Polansky, Marilyn M., Bryden, Noella A., Soares, Joseph H., and Anderson, Richard A.
- Abstract
The effects of exercise training and dietary chromium intake on rat liver and muscle glycogen metabolism, tissue and body weight and feed consumption were examined. After 16 wk of training, liver, gastrocnemius and biceps femoris glycogen concentrations were higher in the trained compared to sedentary groups, independent of dietary chromium. There was a chromium × training interaction on glycogen synthase activities in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle. Liver glycogen phosphorylase activities (expressed per g liver) were lower in the chromium-supplemented rats as compared to the non-supplemented rats after 5 wk of dietary treatment, but were similar after 8 wk and higher after 18 wk. Gastrocnemius phosphorylase activity (expressed per mg protein) was lower in the trained rats as compared to the sedentary rats after 16 wk, independent of dietary chromium. Biceps femoris phosphorylase activities were not altered due to training or dietary chromium. Total protein concentration increased in the liver but decreased in the gastrocnemius due to dietary chromium. In summary, liver glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities were dependent upon dietary chromium. Dietary chromium altered gastrocnemius synthase, but not phosphorylase activities. Changes in enzyme activities may be related to the chromium-dependent effects on liver protein and the chromium and training—dependent effects on gastrocnemius total protein.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The MEDGICarb-Study: Design of a multi-center randomized controlled trial to determine the differential health-promoting effects of low- and high-glycemic index Mediterranean-style eating patterns
- Author
-
Bergia, Robert E., Biskup, Izabela, Giacco, Rosalba, Costabile, Giuseppina, Gray, Savanna, Wright, Amy, Vitale, Marilena, Campbell, Wayne W., Landberg, Rikard, and Riccardi, Gabriele
- Abstract
Adults with central adiposity and other features of the metabolic syndrome have a markedly elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) and consumption of foods with a lower glycemic index (GI) are potential dietary approaches to curb the T2D and CVD epidemic. However, experimental evidence of the effectiveness of MED-HEP and of the contribution of GI towards improving indices of glucose homeostasis, especially among non-diabetic people, are lacking. Therefore, we developed the MedGI-Carb trial, a multi-center (Italy, Sweden, and United States) intervention in adults with at least two components of the metabolic syndrome (elevated waist circumference + one other component) that aims to improve markers of glucose homeostasis through dietary modification. All participants were randomized to consume an isocaloric high- or low-GI MED-HEP for 12 weeks. We hypothesized that indexes of insulinemia (primary outcome: postprandial insulin and glucose after standardized breakfast and lunch; secondary outcomes: fasting plasma glucose and insulin, HbA1c, 24-h continuous glucose monitoring) would be improved more with the low-GI versus the high-GI MED-HEP. Additionally, we hypothesized that consumption of a MED-HEP would improve other markers of cardiometabolic health and well-being (fasting blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, sleep quality, satiety, global metabolic alterations in the plasma metabolome, changes in the gut microbiota, subjective health and well-being), with no difference between groups. Collectively, the design of MEDGI-Carb allows several different research questions to be explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govidentifier: NCT03410719.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Egg consumption improves carotenoid absorption.
- Author
-
Jung Eun Kim and Campbell, Wayne W.
- Published
- 2015
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.