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6. Association of BMI, lipid-lowering medication, and age with prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a worldwide cross-sectional study

Author

Elshorbagy, Amany, Lyons, Alexander R.M., Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Stevens, Christophe A.T., Dharmayat, Kanika I., Brandts, Julia, Catapano, Alberico L., Freiberger, Tomas, Hovingh, G. Kees, Mata, Pedro, Raal, Frederick J., Santos, Raul D., Soran, Handrean, Watts, Gerald F., Abifadel, Marianne, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Alhabib, Khalid F., Alkhnifsawi, Mutaz, Almahmeed, Wael, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, Ashavaid, Tester F., Banach, Maciej, Binder, Christoph J., Bourbon, Mafalda, Brunham, Liam R., Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Cruz, Diogo, Davletov, Kairat, Descamps, Olivier S., Ezhov, Marat, Gaita, Dan, Groselj, Urh, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Holven, Kirsten B., Kayikcioglu, Meral, Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Lalic, Katarina, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Lima-Martinez, Marcos M., Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, Marais, A. David, März, Winfried, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Miserez, André R., Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Panayiotou, Andrie G., Paragh, György, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Reyes, Ximena, Sadiq, Fouzia, Sadoh, Wilson E., Schunkert, Heribert, Shek, Aleksandr B., Stroes, Erik, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, Susekov, Andrey V., Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Truong, Thanh-Huong, Tselepis, Alexandros D., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Vázquez, Alejandra C., Viigimaa, Margus, Vohnout, Branislav, Wang, Luya, Yamashita, Shizuya, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Schreier, Laura, Pang, Jing, Ebenbichler, Christoph, Dieplinger, Hans, Innerhofer, Reinhold, Winhofer-Stöckl, Yvonne, Greber-Platzer, Susanne, Krychtiuk, Konstantin, Speidl, Walter, Toplak, Hermann, Widhalm, Kurt, Stulnig, Thomas, Huber, Kurt, Höllerl, Florian, Rega-Kaun, Gersina, Kleemann, Lucas, Mäser, Martin, Scholl-Bürgi, Sabine, Säly, Christoph, Mayer, Florian J., Sperone, Alexandra, Tanghe, Chloé, Gérard, Anne-Catherine, Pojskic, Lamija, Sisic, Ibrahim, Durak Nalbantic, Azra, Ejubovic, Malik, Jannes, Cinthia E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Krieger, Jose E., Petrov, Ivo, Goudev, Assen, Nikolov, Fedya, Tisheva, Snejana, Yotov, Yoto, Tzvetkov, Ivajlo, Baass, Alexis, Bergeron, Jean, Bernard, Sophie, Brisson, Diane, Brunham, Liam R., Cermakova, Lubomira, Couture, Patrick, Francis, Gordon A., Gaudet, Daniel, Hegele, Robert A., Khoury, Etienne, Mancini, G.B. John, McCrindle, Brian W., Paquette, Martine, Ruel, Isabelle, Iatan, Iulia, Cuevas, Ada, Wang, Xumin, Meng, Kang, Song, Xiantao, Yong, Qiang, Jiang, Tao, Liu, Ziyou, Duan, Yanyu, Hong, Jing, Ye, Pucong, Chen, Yan, Qi, Jianguang, Liu, Zesen, Li, Yuntao, Zhang, Chaoyi, Peng, Jie, Yang, Ya, Yu, Wei, Wang, Qian, Yuan, Hui, Cheng, Shitong, Jiang, Long, Chong, Mei, Jiao, Jian, Wu, Yue, Wen, Wenhui, Xu, Liyuan, Zhang, Ruiying, Qu, Yichen, He, Jianxun, Fan, Xuesong, Wang, Zhenjia, Chow, Elaine, Pećin, Ivan, Perica, Dražen, Symeonides, Phivos, Vrablik, Michal, Ceska, Richard, Soska, Vladimir, Tichy, Lukas, Adamkova, Vera, Franekova, Jana, Cifkova, Renata, Kraml, Pavel, Vonaskova, Katerina, Cepova, Jana, Dusejovska, Magdalena, Pavlickova, Lenka, Blaha, Vladimir, Rosolova, Hana, Nussbaumerova, Barbora, Cibulka, Roman, Vaverkova, Helena, Cibickova, Lubica, Krejsova, Zdenka, Rehouskova, Katerina, Malina, Pavel, Budikova, Milena, Palanova, Vaclava, Solcova, Lucie, Lubasova, Alena, Podzimkova, Helena, Bujdak, Juraj, Vesely, Jiri, Jordanova, Marta, Salek, Tomas, Urbanek, Robin, Zemek, Stanislav, Lacko, Jan, Halamkova, Hana, Machacova, Sona, Mala, Sarka, Cubova, Eva, Valoskova, Katerina, Burda, Lukas, Benn, Marianne, Bendary, Ahmed, Daoud, Ihab, Emil, Sameh, Elbahry, Atef, Rafla, Samir, Sanad, Osama, Kazamel, Ghada, Ashraf, Dr Mohamed, Sobhy, Mohamed, El-Hadidy, Amro, Shafy, Mohamed Abdoul, Kamal, Saif, Bendary, Mohamed, Talviste, Grete, Christmann, Jutta, Dressel, Alexander, Fath, Felix, Ferraro, Chiara, Frenzke, Lydia, Gopon, Alica, Klein, Isabel, Pienkowska, Dominika, Sietmann, Tobias, Sonntag, Antonia, Adjan, Omar, Bahrmann, Philipp, Baessler, Andrea, Barkowski, Rasmus, Beckerdjian, Raffi, Berr, Christina, Birkenfeld, Andreas, Böll, Gereon, Carstensen, Avisha, Demuth, Ilya, Finkernagel, Holger, Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, Hahmann, Harry, Hamerle, Michael, Halder, Julian, Heide, Maria, Julius, Ulrich, Kassner, Ursula, Katzmann, Julius L, Kirschbaum, Anja, Klose, Gerald, Könemann, Stephanie, König, Christel, König, Wolfgang, Krämer, Bernhard, Kuprat, Gerrit, Koschker, Ann-Cathrin, Krämer, Bernhard, Kilic, Özlem, Laufs, Ulrich, Lindenmeier, Gerd, Van de Loo, Iris, Lorenz, Babette, Lorenz, Elke, Löhr, Birgit, McChord, Johanna, Maslarska, Mariya, Methe, Heiko, Merkel, Martin, Moussaoui, Zineb, Müller-Kozarez, Irina, Olivier, Christoph B, Ong, Peter, Otte, Britta, Parhofer, Klaus, Partsch, Carl-Joachim, Paulus, Michael, Pehlivanli, Sinan, Pflederer, Tobias, Pusl, Thomas, Richter, Veronika, Rosner, Stefanie, Sanin, Veronika, Schäfer, Sebastian, Schäfer, Christoph, Schatz, Ulrike, Schirmer, Stephan, Schmidt, Christine, Seeger, Wolfgang, Sisovic, Snezna, Spens, Antje, Jablonski, Ksenija Stach, Stadelmann, Alexander, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Stürzebecher, Paulina, Tafelmeier, Maria, Tillack, Dörthe, Tselmin, Sergey, Tünnemann-Tarr, Adrienn, Vogt, Anja, Beckerath, Jens von, Wilke, Andreas, Wolf, Ulrich, Zemmrich, Claudia, Rizos, Christos V., Skoumas, Ioannis, Tziomalos, Konstantinos, Rallidis, Loukianos, Kotsis, Vasileios, Doumas, Michalis, Athyros, Vasileios, Skalidis, Emmanouil, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kolovou, Vana, Garoufi, Anastasia, Bilianou, Eleni, Koutagiar, Iosif, Kiouri, Estela, Antza, Christina, Zacharis, Evangelos, Attilakos, Achilleas, Sfikas, George, Koumaras, Charalambos, Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Anastasiou, Georgia, Liamis, George, Koutsogianni, Amalia-Despoina, Petkou, Ermioni, Milionis, Haralambos, Koulouri, Anastasia, Prodromiadou, Elisavet, Karányi, Zsolt, Harangi, Mariann, Bajnok, László, Audikovszky, Mária, Márk, László, Benczúr, Béla, Reiber, István, Nagy, Gergely, Nagy, András, Reddy, Lakshmi Lavanya, Shah, Swarup A. V, Ponde, Chandrashekhar K., Dalal, Jamshed J., Sawhney, Jitendra P.S., Verma, Ishwar C., Altaey, Mays, Al-Jumaily, Khalid, Rasul, Dilshad, Abdalsahib, Ali Fawzi, Jabbar, Amer Abdl, Al-ageedi, Mohanad, Abdalsahib, Ali Fawzi, Al-ageedi, Mohanad, Dhamin, Mohammed, AlFil, Sarmad, Khadhim, Foad, Miahy, Sabah, Agar, Ruth, Catapano, Alberico Luigi, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Calandra, Sebastiano, Tarugi, Patrizia, Casula, Manuela, Galimberti, Federica, Olmastroni, Elena, Sarzani, Riccardo, Ferri, Claudio, Repetti, Elena, Piro, Salvatore, Suppressa, Patrizia, Meregalli, Giancarla, Borghi, Claudio, Muntoni, Sandro, Calabrò, Paolo, Cipollone, Francesco, Purrello, Francesco, Pujia, Arturo, Passaro, Angelina, Marcucci, Rossella, Pecchioli, Valerio, Pisciotta, Livia, Mandraffino, Giuseppe, Pellegatta, Fabio, Mombelli, Giuliana, Branchi, Adriana, Fiorenza, Anna Maria, Pederiva, Cristina, Werba, Josè Pablo, Parati, Gianfranco, Carubbi, Francesca, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Fortunato, Giuliana, Iannuzzi, Arcangelo, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Cefalù, Angelo Baldassare, Biasucci, Giacomo, Zambon, Sabina, Pirro, Matteo, Sbrana, Francesco, Trenti, Chiara, D'Erasmo, Laura, Federici, Massimo, Ben, Maria Del, Bartuli, Andrea, Giaccari, Andrea, Pipolo, Antonio, Citroni, Nadia, Guardamagna, Ornella, Lia, Salvatore, Benso, Andrea, Biolo, Gianni, Maroni, Lorenzo, Lupi, Alessandro, Bonanni, Luca, Rinaldi, Elisabetta, Zenti, Maria Grazia, Matsuki, Kota, Hori, Mika, Ogura, Masatsune, Masuda, Daisaku, Kobayashi, Takuya, Nagahama, Kumiko, Al-Jarallah, Mohammed, Radovic, Mirjana, Lunegova, Olga, Bektasheva, Erkayim, Abilova, Saamay, Erglis, Andrejs, Gilis, Dainus, Nesterovics, Georgijs, Saripo, Vita, Meiere, Ruta, Skudrina, Gunda, Terauda, Elizabete, Jambart, Selim, Ayoub, Carine, Ghaleb, Youmna, Aliosaitiene, Urte, Kutkiene, Sandra, Abdul Kadir, Siti Hamimah Sheikh, Kasim, Noor Alicezah Mohd, Nor, Noor Shafina Mohd, Abdul Hamid, Hasidah, Abdul Razak, Suraya, Al-Khateeb, Alyaa, Abd Muid, Suhaila, Abdul Rahman, Thuhairah, Kasim, Sazzli Shahlan, Radzi, Ahmad Bakhtiar Md, Ibrahim, Khairul Shafiq, Rosli, Marshima Mohd, Razali, Rafezah, Chua, Yung An, Razman, Aimi Zafira, Nazli, Sukma Azureen, Aziz, Nazirul, Rosman, Azhari, Abdul Murad, NorAzian, Jalaludin, Mohd Amin, Abdul Latif, Ahmad Zubaidi, Azzopardi, C., Mehta, Roopa, Martagon, Alexandro J., Ramirez, Gabriela A. Galan, Villa, Neftali E Antonio, Vazquez, Arsenio Vargas, Elias-Lopez, Daniel, Retana, Gustavo Gonzalez, Rodriguez, Betsabel, Macías, Jose J. Ceballos, Zazueta, Alejandro Romero, Alvarado, Rocio Martinez, Portano, Julieta D. Morales, Lopez, Humberto Alvares, Sauque-Reyna, Leobardo, Herrera, Laura G. Gomez, Mendia, Luis E. Simental, Aguilar, Humberto Garcia, Cooremans, Elizabeth Ramirez, Aparicio, Berenice Peña, Zubieta, Victoria Mendoza, Gonzalez, Perla A. Carrillo, Ferreira-Hermosillo, Aldo, Portilla, Nacu Caracas, Dominguez, Guadalupe Jimenez, Garcia, Alinna Y. Ruiz, Cazares, Hector E. Arriaga, Gonzalez, Jesus R., Valencia, Carla V. Mendez, Padilla, Francisco G., Prado, Ramon Madriz, Ibarra, Manuel O. De los Rios, Villicaña, Ruy D. Arjona, Rivera, Karina J. Acevedo, Carrera, Ricardo Allende, Alvarez, Jose A., Martinez, Jose C. Amezcua, Bustillo, Manuel de los Reyes Barrera, Vargas, Gonzalo Carazo, Chacon, Roberto Contreras, Andrade, Mario H. Figueroa, Ortega, Ashanty Flores, Alcala, Hector Garcia, de Leon, Laura E. Garcia, Guzman, Berenice Garcia, Garcia, Jose J. Garduño, Cuellar, Juan C. Garnica, Cruz, Jose R. Gomez, Garcia, Anell Hernandez, Almada, Jesus R. Holguin, Herrera, Ursulo Juarez, Sobrevilla, Fabiola Lugo, Rodriguez, Eduardo Marquez, Sibaja, Cristina Martinez, Rodriguez, Alma B. Medrano, Oyervides, Jose C. Morales, Vazquez, Daniel I. Perez, Rodriguez, Eduardo A. Reyes, Osorio, Ma. Ludivina Robles, Saucedo, Juan Rosas, Tamayo, Margarita Torres, Talavera, Luis A. Valdez, Arroyo, Luis E. Vera, Carrillo, Eloy A. Zepeda, Stroes, Erik S, Defesche, J, Zuurbier, L, Reeskamp, L, Ibrahim, S, Roeters van Lennep, Jeanine, Wiegman, Albert, Isara, Alphonsus, Obaseki, Darlington E., Al-Waili, Khalid, Al-Zadjali, Fahad, Al-Zakwani, Ibrahim, Al-Kindi, Mohammed, Al-Mukhaini, Suad, Al-Barwani, Hamida, Rana, Asim, Shah, Lahore Saeed Ullah, Al-Nouri, Fahad, Starostecka, Ewa, Konopka, Agnieszka, Bielecka-Dabrowa, Agata, Lewek, Joanna, Sosnowska, Bozena, Gąsior, Mariusz, Dyrbuś, Krzysztof, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Pajkowski, Marcin, Romanowska-Kocejko, Marzena, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Marta, Chmara, Magdalena, Wasąg, Bartosz, Stróżyk, Aneta, Michalska-Grzonkowska, Aleksandra, Medeiros, Ana Margarida, Alves, Ana Catarina, Silva, Francisco, Lobarinhas, Goreti, Palma, Isabel, de Moura, Jose Pereira, Rico, Miguel Toscano, Rato, Quitéria, Pais, Patrícia, Correia, Susana, Moldovan, Oana, Virtuoso, Maria João, Araujo, Francisco, Salgado, Jose Miguel, Colaço, Ines, Dumitrescu, Andreea, Lengher, Calin, Mosteoru, Svetlana, Meshkov, Alexey, Ershova, Alexandra, Rozhkova, Tatiana, Korneva, Victoria, Yu, Kuznetsova T., Zafiraki, Vitaliy, Voevoda, Mikhail, Gurevich, Victor, Duplyakov, Dmitry, Ragino, Yulia, Chubykina, Uliana, Shaposhnik, Igor, Alkaf, Fahmi, Khudari, Alia, Rwaili, Nawal, Al-Allaf, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammad, Batais, Mohammed A, Almigbal, Turky H, Kinsara, Abdulhalim, AlQudaimi, Ashraf Hammouda Ahmed, Awan, Zuhier, Elamin, Omer A, Altaradi, Hani, Popovic, Ljiljana, Singh, Sandra, Rasulic, Iva, Petakov, Ana, Lalic, Nebojsa M., Lam, Carolyn, Le, Tan Ju, Siang, Eric Lim Tien, Dissanayake, Sanjaya, I-Shing, Justin Tang, Shyong, Tai E, Jin, Terrance Chua Siang, Ting, Sharon Pek Li, Ming, Jeremy Hoe Kian, Drum, Chester Lee, Nastar, Fathima Ashna, Jia, Loh Wann, Ya, Natalie Koh Si, Jie, Marvin Chua Wei, Dalan, Rinkoo, Wei, Yong Quek, sian, Tiong Yee, Keong, Yeo Khung, Rong, Siau Kai, Jin, Darren Seah Ee, Ming, Ian Koh Jan, Chang, Tan Hong, Peng, Fabian Yap Kok, Vasanwala, Rashida Farhad, Raslova, Katarina, Balinth, Karin, Buganova, Ingrid, Fabryova, Lubomira, Kadurova, Michaela, Klabnik, Alexander, Kozárová, Miriam, Sirotiakova, Jana, Battelino, Tadej, Cevc, Matija, Debeljak, Marusa, Torkar, Ana Drole, Fras, Zlatko, Jug, Borut, Cugalj, Barbara Kern, Kovac, Jernej, Mlinaric, Matej, Sikonja, Jaka, Pilcher, Gillian Joan, Blom, D J, Wolmarans, K H, Brice, B C, Muñiz-Grijalvo, Ovidio, Díaz-Díaz, Jose Luis, de Isla, Leopoldo Pérez, Fuentes, Francisco, Badimon, Lina, Martin, François, Miserez, Eleonore B., Shipton, Janine L., Ganokroj, Poranee, Chattranukulchai, Pairoj, Jiamjarasrungsi, Wiroj, Thongtang, Nuntakorn, Krittayaphong, Rungroj, Vathesatogkit, Prin, Sriphrapradang, Chutintorn, Phimphilai, Mattabhorn, Leelawattana, Rattana, Anthanont, Pimjai, Suraamornkul, Swangjit, Deerochanawong, Chaicharn, Senthong, Vichai, Torpongpun, Artit, Suteerayongprasert, Panuwat, Pengpong, Nawarat, Sathavarodom, Nattapol, Sunanta, Usanee, Porntharukchareon, Thachanun, Kiatpanabhikul, Phatharaporn, Kaewkrasaesin, Chatchon, Kongkit, Jaruwan, Umphonsathien, Mongkontida, Akbulut, Mehmet, Alici, Gökhan, Bayram, Fahri, Can, Levent Hürkan, Celik, Ahmet, Ceyhan, Ceyhun, Coskun, Fatma Yilmaz, Demir, Mesut, Demircan, Sabri, Dogan, Volkan, Durakoglugil, Emre, Dural, İbrahim Etem, Gedikli, Omer, Hacioglu, Aysa, Ildizli, Muge, Kilic, Salih, Kirilmaz, Bahadir, Kutlu, Merih, Oguz, Aytekin, Ozdogan, Oner, Onrat, Ersel, Ozer, Savas, Sabuncu, Tevfik, Sahin, Tayfun, Sivri, Fatih, Sonmez, Alper, Temizhan, Ahmet, Topcu, Selim, Tokgozoglu, Lale, Tuncez, Abdullah, Vural, Mirac, Yenercag, Mustafa, Yesilbursa, Dilek, Yigit, Zerrin, Yildirim, Aytul Belgi, Yildirir, Aylin, Yilmaz, Mehmet Birhan, Atallah, Bassam, Traina, Mahmoud, Sabbour, Hani, Abdul Hay, Dana, Luqman, Neama, Elfatih, Abubaker, Abdulrasheed, Arshad, Manla, Yosef, Kwok, See, DellOca, Nicolas, Alieva, Rano B., Fozilov, Khurshid G., Hoshimov, Shavkat U., Nizamov, Ulugbek I., Kan, Liliya E., Kim, Andrey R., Abdullaeva, Guzal J., Abdullaev, Alisher A., Do, Doan Loi, Nguyen, Mai Ngoc Thi, Kim, Ngoc Thanh, Le, Thanh Tung, Le, Hong An, and Ray, Kausik K.

Abstract

Statins are the cornerstone treatment for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia but research suggests it could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. A low prevalence of type 2 diabetes was reported in some familial hypercholesterolaemia cohorts, raising the question of whether these patients are protected against type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a well known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of known key determinants of type 2 diabetes with its prevalence in people with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Published
2024
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7. Improving the Stability, Water Solubility, and Antioxidant Activity of α-Tocopherol by Encapsulating It into Niosomes Modified with Cationic Carbamate-Containing Surfactants

Author

Kushnazarova, Rushana, Mirgorodskaya, Alla, Bushmeleva, Kseniya, Vyshtakalyuk, Alexandra, Lenina, Oksana, Petrov, Konstantin, and Zakharova, Lucia

Abstract

The low solubility of α-tocopherol in water and its susceptibility to photodegradation make it difficult for biological systems to absorb this natural antioxidant. To overcome these limitations, α-tocopherol was encapsulated in low-toxicity nanocontainers, namely, niosomes based on Tween 80 and cholesterol. The niosomes were modified with cationic surfactants containing a carbamate fragment. The size and charge of the particles were determined and their stability was assessed using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering methods. It was found that the introduction of cationic surfactants to niosome formulations significantly improved their physicochemical properties and increased stability due to a positive charge of up to +40 mV being generated. Modified niosomes loaded with α-tocopherol were characterized by a hydrodynamic diameter of 100–120 nm, a narrow particle size distribution, and a high encapsulation efficiency of more than 90%. Testing the photochemical stability of α-tocopherol using a spectrophotometric method demonstrated that niosomes were able to protect this substance from UV irradiation. Luminescence analysis showed that the inclusion of α-tocopherol in niosomes increased their antioxidant activity by 30%. An acute toxicity study has demonstrated the safety of the systems. The LD50value for niosomes modified with carbamate-containing surfactants and loaded with α-tocopherol exceeded 10,000 mg·kg–1(mice, intraperitoneal and oral administration).

Published
2024
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8. Continuously fluctuating selection reveals fine granularity of adaptation

Author

Bitter, M. C., Berardi, S., Oken, H., Huynh, A., Lappo, Egor, Schmidt, P., and Petrov, D. A.

Abstract

Temporally fluctuating environmental conditions are a ubiquitous feature of natural habitats. Yet, how finely natural populations adaptively track fluctuating selection pressures via shifts in standing genetic variation is unknown1,2. Here we generated genome-wide allele frequency data every 1–2 generations from a genetically diverse population of Drosophila melanogasterin extensively replicated field mesocosms from late June to mid-December (a period of approximately 12 total generations). Adaptation throughout the fundamental ecological phases of population expansion, peak density and collapse was underpinned by extremely rapid, parallel changes in genomic variation across replicates. Yet, the dominant direction of selection fluctuated repeatedly, even within each of these ecological phases. Comparing patterns of change in allele frequency to an independent dataset procured from the same experimental system demonstrated that the targets of selection are predictable across years. In concert, our results reveal a fitness relevance of standing variation that is likely to be masked by inference approaches based on static population sampling or insufficiently resolved time-series data. We propose that such fine-scaled, temporally fluctuating selection may be an important force contributing to the maintenance of functional genetic variation in natural populations and an important stochastic force impacting genome-wide patterns of diversity at linked neutral sites, akin to genetic draft.

Published
2024
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9. Changes in bodyweight after initiating antiretroviral therapy close to HIV-1 seroconversion: an international cohort collaboration

Author

Pantazis, Nikos, Sabin, Caroline A, Grabar, Sophie, Van der Valk, Marc, Jarrin, Inma, van Sighem, Ard, Meyer, Laurence, Carlander, Christina, Gill, John, Volny Anne, Alain, Spire, Bruno, Tariq, Shema, Burns, Fiona, Costagliola, Dominique, Ruiz-Burga, Elisa, Touloumi, Giota, Porter, Kholoud, Moreno, Santiago, Burns, Fiona, Campo, Rafael Eduardo, Garges, Harmony, Mussini, Cristina, Pantazis, Nikos, Kamel, Moustafa, Porter, Kholoud, Sabin, Caroline, Tariq, Shema, Touloumi, Giota, Vannappagari, Vani, Anne, Alain Volny, Young, Lital, Gill, John, Carlander, Christina, Grabar, Sophie, Jarrín, Inma, Meyer, Laurence, van der Valk, Marc, Wittkop, Linda, Aisam, Agnes, Barger, Diana, Davidovich, Udi, Dos Santos, Marie, Eriksson, Lars, Fitzgerald, Eli, Karakosta, Argyro, Krentz, Hartmut, Nicholls, Emily Jay, Policek, Nicoletta, Ruiz-Burga, Elisa, Sandford, Chris, Spire, Bruno, Suárez-García, Inés, Abgrall, Sophie, Andriantsoanirina, Valerie, Avettand-Fenoel, Veronique, Bourgeois, Christine, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Cheret, Antoine, Fischer, Hugues, Goujard, Cecile, Lascoux-Combe, Caroline, Le Palec, Annie, Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzlislava, Saez-Cirion, Asier, Seng, Remonie, Stefic, Karl, Tine, Josephine, Piet, E, Gagneux-Brunon, A, Jacomet, C, Piroth, L, Benezit, F, Goussef, M, Tattevin, P, Bani Sadr, B, Lamaury, I, Bazus, H, Robineau, O, Calin, R, Katlama, J, Denis, B, Ghosn, J, Joly, V, Khuong, M A, Caby, F C, Rouveix Nordon, E, de Truchis, P, Abgrall, S, Chéret, A, Duvivier, C, Becker, A, Miailhes, P, Abel, S, Unal, G, Makinson, A, Martin-Blondel, G, Morisot, A, Bregigeon, S, Enel, P, Allavena, C, Rabier, V, Vallet, L, Marchand, L, Saïdi, T, Costagliola, D, Grabar, S, Piet, E, Andriantsoanirina, V, Rabier, V, Fischer, H, Vallet, L, Marchand T Saïdi, L, Costagliola, D, Grabar, S, Abgrall, Sophie, Tattevin, Pierre, de Truchis, Pierre, Fischer, Hughes, Grabar, Sophie, Moreno, Santiago, Jarrín, Inma, Dalmau, David, Navarro, M Luisa, González, M Isabel, Garcia, Federico, Poveda, Eva, Iribarren, Jose Antonio, Gutiérrez, Félix, Rubio, Rafael, Vidal, Francesc, Berenguer, Juan, Muñoz-Fernández, M Ángeles, Adamis, G, Chini, M, Chrysos, G, Marangos, M, Katsarou, O, Kofteridis, D, Metallidis, S, Panagopoulos, P, Papadopoulos, A, Paparizos, V, Psychogiou, M, Sambatakou, H, Sipsas, N V, Touloumi, G, Fox, Julie, Terry, Louise, Waters, Anele, Uriel, Alison, Ustianowski, Andrew, Hackney, Pamela, Fahd, Niaz, Fidler, Sarah, Ayap, Wilbert, Molina, Marcelino, Waters, Laura, Nur, Fowsiya, Fernandez, Thomas, Nugent, Diarmuid, Pinedo, Javier, Reeves, Iain, Fong, Tracy, Nicholls, Jane, Cunningham, Laura, Pangan, Jaydee, Mackintosh, Claire, and Sharp, Louise

Abstract

Understanding the reasons for and consequences of bodyweight change in people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial to optimising long-term health and wellbeing. We aimed to examine bodyweight trends and associated factors among individuals with well estimated dates of HIV-1 seroconversion.

Published
2024
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10. A retrospective study of a novel 3-session rush venom immunotherapy protocol

Author

McCarty, Megan E., Fajt, Merritt L., Gershuni, Leanna-Marie S., and Petrov, Andrej A.

Abstract

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an effective treatment for life-threatening stinging-insect hypersensitivity. Rush VIT protocols allow patients to reach maintenance dosing faster, thus conferring protection sooner. The published protocols vary in dosing regimens, monitoring parameters, and safety profiles.

Published
2024
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11. Molecular Recognition on the Multisite Binding Surface of the Keplerate {Mo72Fe30} Giving Supramolecular Texturing and Modulating the Function of Guest Molecules

Author

Tonkushina, Margarita, Gagarin, Ilya, Guseynova, Aysel, Abramov, Pavel, Sokolov, Maxim, Korenev, Vladimir, Petrov, Sergey, Ostroushko, Alexander, Pryakhina, Victoria, Belova, Ksenia, Tereshchenko, Konstantin, Okhotnikov, Georgiy, Ermoshin, Alexander, and Grzhegorzhevskii, Kirill

Abstract

Molecular recognition underlies structure formation in supramolecular architectures either in materials or in living systems. Here, we used the nanoscale nontoxic Keplerate-type polyoxometalate (POM) {Mo72Fe30} as a template for the recognition of two different guest molecules [tetracycline (TC) and doxorubicin (DOX)] on the textured surface. By means of single crystal X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we revised the key features of the {Mo72Fe30} structure, showcasing the guest dimolybdenum units’ {Mo2} location under the hexagonal pores and dynamic exchange of these units during dissolution in an aqueous medium. Based on the clarified POM structure, we demonstrated how the small differences between the TC and the DOX molecules can be recognized by the Keplerate surface, revealing the nature of the binding sites─{Mo6}/{FeO6} for TC and {FeO6} for DOX. Furthermore, using the Monte-Carlo method, we calculated the statistical distribution of the guest molecules in the stoichiometric compounds {Mo72Fe30}@TC12and {Mo72Fe30}@DOX12, displaying the supramolecular ordering of the DOX species and randomization of the TC as a result of different coordinations to the POM surface. The produced {Mo72Fe30}@TC12and {Mo72Fe30}@DOX12associates were evaluated for bioactivity, showing how their interaction with POM can modulate the biological function of guest molecules.

Published
2024
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12. Chemical Interface Damping by Electrochemical Gold Oxidation

Author

Pfeiffer, Maurice, Wu, Xinyan, Ebrahimi, Fatemeh, Mameka, Nadiia, Eich, Manfred, and Petrov, Alexander

Abstract

Chemical interface damping is a change in the effective collision frequency of conduction band electrons in metal originating from a chemical change in the metal interface. In this work, we present in situ ellipsometric measurements that reveal the chemical interface damping effect from the electrochemical oxidation of single-crystal and polycrystalline gold films. We observed an increase in collision frequency of up to 21 meV for single-crystalline gold. To compare with literature results obtained with thiols and metal oxides on gold nanoparticles, we normalize the collision frequency by the electron mean free path to the surface of the structure. We show that electrochemical gold oxidation provides a stronger effect on the collision frequency than these coatings. Similar ellipsometric experiments have previously been conducted to investigate the optical properties of gold oxide but without taking chemical interface damping into account. The change in reflection from the oxidation of gold was solely attributed to the oxide coating. We also show that the chemical interface damping effect saturates at a larger effective oxide thickness, which is attributed to the stabilization of the gold-oxide interface. Our results are important for the design of optoelectronic and photochemical experiments involving nanostructured gold. Electrochemical gold oxidation can be used to significantly change the optical response of such structures and to increase the efficiency of the light–matter interaction.

Published
2024
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15. Formation of a Composite Coating by Crystallization of a Supersaturated Solid Solution in the Ni–W System

Author

Krasikov, A. V., Merkulova, M. V., Mikhailov, M. S., Vasilyeva, E. A., Petrov, S. N., Drozdova, N. F., and Fedoseev, M. L.

Abstract

Composite electrochemical coatings (CECs) are perceived as the result of the electrochemical reduction of metal from an electrolyte in which dispersed phase particles are present. During the formation of the coating, particles are included in its volume and a composite layer is formed that has increased performance characteristics. The article discusses a different approach based on crystallization of the strengthening phase from an electrodeposited layer of a Ni–W alloy of nonequilibrium composition. It has been shown that the optimal heat treatment mode, which ensures maximum microhardness, leads to the formation of a nanostructured matrix from a solid solution of tungsten in nickel and the crystallization of NiW and Ni4W reinforcing particles. The structure of such a coating corresponds to the structure of classical CECs.

Published
2024
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20. Research and development of time resolution and time reference adjustment for CMS improved resistive plate chambers (iRPCs)

Author

Song, J., Zhao, J., Hou, Q., Diao, W., Cao, P., Kou, H., Gong, W., Wang, N., Liu, Z.-A., Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Alves, G. A., Marujo, F., Coelho, E. A., Da Costa, E. M., Nogima, H., Santoro, A., Fonseca De Souza, S., De Jesus Damiao, D., Thiel, M., Mota Amarilo, K., Barroso Ferreira Filho, M., Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Shopova, M., Soultanov, G., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Shumka, E., Qian, S. J., Avila, C., Barbosa, D., Cabrera, A., Florez, A., Fraga, J., Reyes, J., Assran, Y., Mahmoud, M. A., Crotty, I., Aly, R., Laktineh, I., Grenier, G., Gouzevitch, M., Mirabito, L., Balleyguier, L., Combaret, C., Tromeur, W., Galbit, G., Luciol, A., Chen, X., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, I., Tsamlaidze, Z., Kemularia, O., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Mohammad Najafabadi, M., Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Iaselli, G., Pugliese, G., Loddo, F., De Filippis, N., Ramos, D., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Piccolo, D., Meola, S., Buontempo, S., Carnevali, F., Lista, L., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Salvini, P., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Asilar, E., Choi, J., Kim, T. J., Choi, S. Y., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Goh, J., Lee, Y., Estrada, C. Uribe, Pedraza, I., Castilla-Valdez, H., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Fernandez, R. L., Ramirez-Garcia, M., Vazquez, E., Shah, M. A., Zaganidis, N., Radi, A., Hoorani, H., Muhammad, S., Ahmad, A., Asghar, I., Eysermans, J., and Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F.

Abstract

Purpose: Improved resistive plate chambers (iRPCs) will be installed in the challenging forward region of the compact muon solenoid (CMS) during its Phase-2 upgrade. The design target of iRPC time resolution is 1.5 ns. It will help the Level-1 trigger system distinguish the muons from high backgrounds and improve the trigger efficiency. Studying the time resolution after integrating the new backend electronics boards (BEB) is essential for ensuring timely performance. In this system, a time reference (Tref) signal is distributed by the BEB to several frontend electronics boards (FEB) to reset the time-to-digital converters (TDC). In the CMS experiment, the arrangement of the iRPC chambers and on-chamber FEBs is at different positions, resulting in varying Tref arrival times on the FEB side. This paper describes the measures taken to ensure the time resolution of the single path and adjust the time base for multi-paths. Method: Unique designs were implemented in the chamber, FEB, and BEB to ensure a satisfactory time resolution. Tref adjustments for different paths were performed in bunch crossing steps (24.950 ns) in the BEB using shift registers. And the sub-bunch crossing adjustment steps were performed in the FEB using the TDC correction module. Finally, the arrival time differences of Tref on different FEBs were less than 1.25 ns after adjustment. Results: The time resolution of the FEB–BEB system was observed to be 32 ps. The time resolution of the chamber FEB–BEB system was first measured and is 554 ps at an iRPC working point of 7200 V. In addition, the Tref arrival time differences of different paths were adjusted from − 99.923 (− 90.113) ns to 0.073 (− 0.141) ns. Conclusion: The test results revealed that the system time resolution and Tref adjustment performed by the BEB met the Phase-2 upgrade goals.

Published
2024
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22. Hierarchical fringe tracking

Author

Kammerer, Jens, Sallum, Stephanie, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Petrov, Romain G., Allouche, Fatmé, Hadjara, Massinissa, Boskri, Abdelkarim, Leftley, James, Berdja, Amokrane, and Lagarde, Stéphane

Published
2024
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24. GRAVITY for MATISSE

Author

Kammerer, Jens, Sallum, Stephanie, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Woillez, J., Petrov, R., Abuter, R., Allouche, F., Berio, P., Dembet, R., Eisenhauer, F., Frahm, R., Gonté, F., Haubois, X., Houllé, M., Jaffe, W., Lacour, S., Lagarde, S., Leftley, J., Lopez, B., Matter, A., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Nowak, M., Paladini, C., Rivinius, T., Salabert, D., Schuhler, N., Varga, J., and Zins, G.

Published
2024
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25. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared spectro-interferometric imager: achievements and perspectives

Author

Kammerer, Jens, Sallum, Stephanie, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Petrov, Romain G., Lagarde, Stéphane, Lopez, Bruno, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Leftley, James, Paladini, Claudia, Houllé, Mathis, Weigelt, Gerd, van Boekel, Roy, Jaffe, Walter, Woillez, Julien, Berio, Philippe, Bettonvil, Felix, Bourget, Pierre, Eldswijk, Eddy, Matter, Alexis, Meilland, Anthony, Millour, Florentin, Pallanca, Laurent, Rivinius, Thomas, and Zins, Gérard

Published
2024
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26. Monitoring of Graphene Properties in the Process of Viral Biosensor Manufacturing

Author

Lebedev, Alexander A., Shmidt, Natalia M., Shabunina, Evgeniya I., Nashchekin, Alexey V., Gushchina, Ekaterina V., Petrov, Vasiliy N., Eliseev, Ilya A., Lebedev, Sergey P., Priobrazhenskii, Sergei Iu., Roenkov, Alexander D., Tanklevskaya, Elena M., Puzyk, Mikhail V., Usikov, Alexander S., Klotchenko, Sergey A., Vasin, Andrey V., Plehanov, Anton Yu., Golyashow, Vladimir A., and Tereshchenko, Oleg Evgenievich

Abstract

The properties of graphene chips with low reproducibility (LR) after photolithography (PLG) and graphene functionalization have been studied. It is shown that the introduction of additional cleaning after PLG can significantly increase the reproducibility of the parameters of processed graphene in biosensors. The use of dilute PBS solutions for virus detection makes it possible to increase the relative concentration sensitivity of biosensors by several times.

Published
2024
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27. The Black Hole Explorer: operating a hybrid observatory

Author

Coyle, Laura E., Matsuura, Shuji, Perrin, Marshall D., Issaoun, Sara, Alonso, Kim, Akiyama, Kazunori, Blackburn, Lindy, Boroson, Don, Galison, Peter, Haworth, Kari, Houston, Janice, Johnson, Michael D., Kovalev, Yuri Y., Kurczynski, Peter, Lafon, Robert, Marrone, Daniel P., Palumbo, Daniel, Peretz, Eliad, Pesce, Dominic, Petrov, Leonid, Plavin, Alexander, and Wang, Jade

Published
2024
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28. The Black Hole Explorer: astrophysics mission concept engineering study report

Author

Coyle, Laura E., Matsuura, Shuji, Perrin, Marshall D., Peretz, Eliad, Kurczynski, Peter, Johnson, Michael D., Houston, Janice, Kumara Sridharan, Tirupati, Wang, Jade, Galison, Peter, Gamble, Ronald, Marrone, Daniel, Noble, Scott, Melnick, Gary, Petrov, Leonid, Rana, Hannah, Haworth, Kari, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Issaoun, Sara, Hadar, Shahar, Lupsasca, Alexandru, Tong, Edward, Akiyama, Kazunori, Srinivasan, Ranjani, Boroson, Dan, Yang, Guangning, Hoerbelt, Tiffany, Small, Jeffrey, Honma, Mareki, Bilyeu, Bryan, Canavan, Ed, Shtyrkova, Katia, Lafon, Robert, Paritsky, Lenny, Sinclair, Laura C., Silver, Mark, Gurvits, Leonid, Kovalev, Yuri, Lehmensiek, Robert, Jiao, Hua, Blackburn, Lindy, Brosius, Alexandra, Butler, Rick, Chael, Andrew, Chang, Dominic, Chatterjee, Koushik, Cheimets, Peter, D'Orazio, Daniel, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fish, Vincent, Fitzpatrick, Garret, Gammie, Charles, Gelles, Zachary, Hecht, Michael, Kauffmann, Jens, Lucey, Jared, Ma, Chung-Pei, Matsumura, Mark, Palumbo, Daniel, Pesce, Dominic, Piepmeier, Jeff, Roberts, Christopher J., Roelofs, Freek, Tiede, Paul, Verniero, Jaye, Wielgus, Maciek, Wollack, Ed, Wong, George N., Gilchrist, Kelsey, Carmical, Kayla, Lewis, Andrew, Wertheim, Maya, and Shavit, Keshet

Published
2024
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29. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and prevalent heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial

Author

Deanfield, John, Verma, Subodh, Scirica, Benjamin M, Kahn, Steven E, Emerson, Scott S, Ryan, Donna, Lingvay, Ildiko, Colhoun, Helen M, Plutzky, Jorge, Kosiborod, Mikhail N, Hovingh, G Kees, Hardt-Lindberg, Søren, Frenkel, Ofir, Weeke, Peter E, Rasmussen, Søren, Goudev, Assen, Lang, Chim C, Urina-Triana, Miguel, Pietilä, Mikko, Lincoff, A Michael, Abe, Mitsunori, Abhaichand, Rajpal K, Abhayaratna, Walter P, Abhyankar, Atul, Abidin, Imran B Zainal, Abou Assi, Hiba, Accini Mendoza, Jose L, Adas, Mine, Agaiby, John M, Agarwal, Devendra K, Agha, Maher, Ahmed, Azazuddin, Ahtiainen, Petteri, Aigner, Elmar, Ajay, Naik, Ali, Norsiah, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Allison, Roy, Allison, Dale C, Alpenidze, Diana, Altuntas, Yuksel, Al-Zoebi, Ayham, Ambuj, Roy, Amerena, John, Anderson, Robert J, Ando, Toshiaki, Andrews, Robert, Antonova, Elizaveta, Appel, Karl-Friedrich, Arantes, Flávia B, Araz, Mustafa, Arbel, Yaron, Arenas León, José L, Argyrakopoulou, Georgia, Ariani, Mehrdad, Arias Mendoza, Maria A, Arif, Ahmed A, Arneja, Jaspal, Aroda, Vanita R, Aronne, Louis J, Arstall, Margaret, Asamoah, Njaimeh, Asanin, Milika, Audish, Hanid, Avram, Rodica, Badat, Aysha, Badiu, Corin V, Bakdash, Wa'el, Bakiner, Okan S, Bandezi, Vuyokazi N, Bang, Liew H, Bansal, Sandeep, Baranyai, Marietta, Barbarash, Olga, Barber, Mark, Barnum, Otis, Barone Rochette, Gilles, Bashkin, Amir, Baum, Seth, Bays, Harold E, Bazzoni Ruiz, Alberto E, Beckowski, Maciej, Beerachee, Yaswin, Bellary, Srikanth, Belousova, Lidia, Berk, Martin, Bernstein, Marc, Berra, Cesare, Beshay, Isaac, Bhagwat, Ajit, Bhan, Arti, Biggs, William C, Billings, Liana, Bitar, Fahed, Block, Bradley, Bo, Simona, Bogdanski, Pawel, Bolshakova, Olga O, Boshchenko, Alla A, Bosworth, Hayden, Botero Lopez, Rodrigo, Bôttcher, Morten, Bourgeois, Ronald, Brautigam, Donald, Breton, Cristian F, Broadley, Andrew, Brockmyre, Andrew P, Brodie, Steven K, Bucci, Marco, Budincevic, Hrvoje, Budoff, Matthew J, Buffman, Barry, Buljubasic, Nediljka, Buranapin, Supawan, Burgess, Lesley, Burguera, Bartolomé, Buriakovska, Olena, Buscemi, Silvio, Busch, Robert, Buse, John B, Buynak, Robert, Byrne, Maria, Caceaune, Elena, Cadena Bonfanti, Alberto J, Calinescu, Cornell V, Call, Robert S, Canecki Varzic, Silvija, Cannon, Kevin, Capehorn, Matt, Cariou, Bertrand, Carr, Jeffrey, Carrillo-Jimenez, Rodolfo, Casas, Marcelo, Castro, Almudena, Celik, Ahmet, Cercato, Cintia, Cermak, Ondrej, Cha, James Y, Chacon, Carolina, Chaicha-Brom, Tira, Chandra, Sandeep, Chettibi, Mohamed, Chevts, Julia, Christopher, Johann, Chrustowski, Witold, Cif, Adriana, Clark, Rebecca, Clark, Wayne, Clifford, Piers, Coetzee, Kathleen, Cogni, Giulia, Colao, Anna Maria, Colquhoun, David M, Concha, Mauricio, Condit, Jonathan, Constance, Christian, Constantin, Ciprian, Constantinescu, Silviana, Corbett, Clive, Cornett, George M, Correia, Marcelo, Cortinovis, Fiorenzo, Cosma, Dana, Creely, Steven, Cross, David, Curtis, Brian, Czochra, Wojciech, Daboul, Nizar Y, Dagdelen, Selcuk, D'agostino, Ronald, Dang, Cuong, Datta, Sudip, Davuluri, Ashwini K, Dawood, Saleem Y, De Jong, Douwe M, De La Cuesta, Carmen, De Los Rios Ibarra, Manuel O, De Pablo, Carmen, De Pauw, Michel, Dela Llana, Alexander, Delibasic, Maja, Delic-Brkljacic, Diana, Demicheli, Thibaud, Denger, Ralf J, Desai, Devang, Desai, Piyush, Desouza, Cyrus V, Dicker, Dror, Djenic, Nemanja, Dobson, Simon, Doi, Masayuki, Doran, Jesse A, Dorman, Reinhart, Dotta, Francesco, Dukes, Carl E, Duronto, Ernesto, Durst, Ronen, Dvoryashina, Irina V, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O, Eggebrecht, Holger, Egstrup, Kenneth, Ekinci, Elif I, Eliasson, Björn, Eliasson, Ken, Enache, Georgiana, Enculescu, Dan, English, Patrick, Ermakova, Polina, Ershova, Olga, Ezaki, Hirotaka, Ezhov, Marat, Farias, Eduardo, Farias, Javier M, Farsky, Pedro S, Ferreira, Daniel, Filteau, Pierre, Finneran, Matthew P, Folkens, Eric M, Fonseca, Alberto G, Fonseca, Luisa, Fordan, Steven, Fourie, Nyda, França, Sara, Franco, Denise R, Franek, Edward, Friedman, Keith, Frittitta, Lucia, Froer, Michael, Fuckar, Krunoslav, Fujii, Kenshi, Fujita, Ryoko, Fukushima, Yasushi, Fulat, Mohamed, Fulwani, Mahesh, Gajos, Grzegorz, Galyavich, Albert, Gambill, Michael L, Gandotra, Dheeraj, Winston, Gandy, Garcia Hernandez, Pedro A, García Reza, Raymundo, Garg, Naveen, Garg, Sandeep, Garvey, William T, Garza, Juan C, Gatta-Cherifi, Blandine, Gelev, Valeri, Geller, Steven A, Geohas, Jeffrey G, Georgiev, Borislav, Ghazi, Adline, Gilbert, Matthew P, Gilinskaya, Olga, Gislason, Gunnar, Gogas Yavuz, Dilek, González Albarrán, Olga, Gordeev, Ivan G, Gorton, Sidney C, Goudev, Assen, Gretland Valderhaug, Tone, Groenemeijer, Bjorn, Gul, Ibrahim, Gullestad, Lars, Gurieva, Irina, Guseva, Galina N, Hagenow, Andreas, Haluzik, Martin, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Hammoudi, Naima, Hanaoka, Keiichi, Hancu, Nicolae, Hanusch, Ursula, Harris, Kathleen, Harris, Barry, Hartleib, Michael, Hartman, Aaron N, Hata, Yoshiki, Heimer, Brian, Herman, Lee, Herzog, William, Hewitt, Eric, Heymer, Peter, Hiremath, Shirish, Hjelmesaeth, Joeran, Høgalmen, Rasmus Geir, Høivik, Hans Olav, Holmer, Helene, Horoshko, Olha, Houser, Patricia M, Hove, Jens D, Hsieh, I-Chang, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Hussein, Zanariah, Ilashchuk, Tetiana, Ilveskoski, Erkki, Ipatko, Irina, Iranmanesh, Ali, Isawa, Tsuyoshi, Issa, Moises, Iteld, Bruce, Iwasawa, Takamasa, Jabbar, Danish, Jackson, Richard A, Jackson-Voyzey, Ewart, Jacob, Stephan, Jaffrani, Naseem A, Jardula, Michael F, Jastreboff, Ania, Jensen, Svend E, Jerkins, Terri, Jimenez-Ramos, Silvia A, Jitendra Pal Singh, Sawhney, Johnson, Wallace, Joyce, John M, Jozefowska, Malgorzata, Jugnundan, Prakash, Jungmair, Wolfgang, Jurowiecki, Jaroslaw, Kadokami, Toshiaki, Kahali, Dhiman, Kahrmann, Gerd, Kaiser, Sergio E, Kalmucki, Piotr, Kanadasi, Mehmet, Kandath, David, Kania, Grzegorz, Kannan, J, Kapp, Cornelia, Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, Kartalis, Athanasios, Kaser, Susanne, Kasim, Sazzli Shahlan, Kastelic, Richard, Kato, Toshiaki, Katova, Tzvetana, Kaul, Upendra, Kautzky-Willer, Alexandra, Kawanishi, Masahiro, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Kazakova, Elena E, Keeling, Philip, Kempe, Hans-Peter, Kereiakes, Dean J, Kerneis, Mathieu, Keski-Opas, Tiina, Khadra, Suhail, Khaisheva, Larisa, Kharakhulakh, Marina, Khlevchuk, Tatiana, Khoo, Jeffrey, Kiatchoosakun, Songsak, Kinoshita, Noriyuki, Kinoshita, Masaharu, Kitamura, Ryoji, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Klavina, Irina, Klein, Eric J, Klimsa, Zdenek, Klonoff, David, Klug, Eric, Kobalava, Zhanna, Kodera, Satoshi, Koga, Tokushi, Kokkinos, Alexander, Koleckar, Pavel, Könyves, László, Koren, Michael J, Kormann, Adrian P, Kostner, Karam, Kreutzmann, Kristin, Krishinan, Saravanan, Krishnasamy, Sathya S, Krivosheeva, Inga, Kruljac, Ivan, Kubicki, Ted, Kuchar, Ladislav, Kujawiak, Monika, Kunishige, Hideyuki, Kurtinecz, Melinda, Kurtz Lisboa, Hugo R, Kushnir, Mykola, Kyyak, Yulian, Lace, Arija, Lakka, Timo, Lalic, Nebojsa, Lalic, Katarina, Lambadiari, Vaia, Lanaras, Leonidas, Lang, Chim, Langlois, Marie-France, Lash, Joseph, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Lau, David, Lazcano Soto, José Roberto, Le Roux, Carel, Ledesma, Gilbert N, Lee, Li Yuan, Lee, Thung-Lip, Lee, Kelvin, Lehrke, Michael, Leite, Silmara O, Leksycka, Agata, Lenzmeier, Thomas, Leonetti, Frida, Leonidova, Viktoriia, Lepor, Norman, Leung, Melissa, Levchenko, Olena, Levins, Peter, Levy, Louis J, Lewis, Matthew, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Liberty, Idit, Lindholm, Carl-Johan, Lingvay, Ildiko, Linhart, Ales, Liu, Ming-En, Liu, Jenny, Lofton, Holly, Logemann, Timothy, Lombaard, Johannes J, Lombard, Landman, Lorraine, Richard, Lovell, Charles F, Ludvik, Bernhard, Lukaszewicz, Monika, Lupkovics, Géza, Lupovitch, Steven, Lupu, Sirona, Lynch, Mary, Lysak, Zoreslava, Lysenko, Tatyana A, Maeda, Hajime, Maeda, Itaru, Mæng, Michael, Mahajan, Ajay U, Maher, Vincent, Maia, Lilia N, Makotoko, Ellen M, Malavazos, Alexis, Malecha, Jan, Malicherova, Emilia, Manita, Mamoru, Mannucci, Edoardo, Mareev, Viacheslav, Marin, Liliana, Markova, Tatiana, Marso, Steven P, Martens, F.M.A.C., Martinez, Cuper, Martinez Cano, Carlos A, Martins, Cristina, Masmiquel Comas, Luis, Matsumoto, Takashi, Mcdonald, Kenneth, Mcgowan, Barbara, Mcgrew, Frank, Mclean, Barry K, Mcpherson, David D, Merino Torres, Juan Francisco, Meyers, Peter, Meyhöfer, Sebastian, Mezquita Raya, Pedro, Milanova, Maria, Milicic, Davor, Miller, Gary, Mills, Richard E, Mîndrescu, Nicoleta M, Mingrone, Geltrude, Minkova, Dotska A, Mirani, Marco, Miras, Alexander, Mistodie, Cristina V, Mitomo, Satoru, Mittal, Sanjay, Miyake, Taiji, Miyamoto, Naomasa, Molony, David, Monteiro, Pedro, Mooe, Thomas, Moosa, Naeem, Morales Portillo, Cristobal, Morales Villegas, Enrique C, Morawski, Emily J, Morbey, Claire, Morin, Robert P, Morisaki, Kuniaki, Morosanu, Magdalena, Mosenzon, Ofri, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Munir, Iqbal, Muratori, Fabrizio, Murray, Ryan, Murthy, Avinash, Myint, Min, Myshanych, Galyna, Nafornita, Valerica, Nagano, Takuya, Nair, Sunil, Nakhle, Samer N, Natsuaki, Masahiro, Nayak, Bindu M, Nibouche, Djamel Eddine, Nicholls, Stephen, Nicolau, José C, Nicolescu, Georgiana, Nierop, Peter, Niskanen, Leo, Ntaios, George, Nygård, Ottar Kjell, Oaks, Joshua B, Obrezan, Andrey, O'donnell, Philip, Oguri, Mitsutoshi, Oguzhan, Abdurrahman, Oh, Fumiki, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Okada, Yoshio, Okayama, Hideki, Onaca, Adriana, Onaka, Haruhiko, Oneil, Patrick, Ong, Tiong Kiam, Ong, Stephen, Ono, Yasuhiro, Opsahl, Paul J, Ostrowska, Lucyna, Oviedo, Alejandra, Ozdogan, Oner, Ozpelit, Ebru, Pagkalos, Emmanouil, Pagotto, Uberto, Páll, Dénes, Pandey, Amritanshu- Shekhar, Parkhomenko, Oleksandr, Parvathareddy, Krishna Malakondareddy, Patel, Minesh B, Patsilinakos, Sotirios, Paul, Neil, Pedersen, Sue, Pereira, Isabel, Pereira, Edward Scott, Perez Terns, Paula, Perez-Vargas, Elba A, Pergaeva, Yulia, Perkelvald, Alexander, Peskov, Andrey B, Peter, Jonathan, Peters, Karina, Petit, Catherine, Petrov, Ivo, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pietilä, Mikko, Pinto, Fausto, Piros, Annamária, Piyayotai, Dilok, Platonov, Dmitriy, Poirier, Paul, Pop, Lavinia, Popa, Bogdan, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Poremba, John, Porto, Alejandro, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Pothineni, Ramesh B, Potu, Ranganatha P, Powell, Talessa, Prafulla, Kerkar G, Prager, Rudolf, Prakova-Teneva, Zhulieta R, Pratley, Richard E, Price, Hermione, Pulka, Grazyna, Pullman, John, Punt, Zelda E, Purighalla, Raman S, Purnell, Peter, Qureshi, Mansoor, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Raikhel, Marina A, Rancane, Gita, Randeva, Harpal, Rasouli, Neda, Reurean Pintilei, Delia V, Reyes, Ciro R, Rezgale, Inga, Rice, Eva, Riley, Thaddeus H, Risser, Joseph A, Ristic, Arsen, Rivas Fernández, Margarita, Robbins, David, Robitaille, Yves, Rodbard, Helena W, Rodriguez Plazas, Jaime A, Römer, T.J., Rosen, Glenn, Rosman, Dr Azhari, Rossi, Paulo, Rudenko, Leonid, Ruffin, Omari, Ruhani, Anwar Irawan, Runev, Nikolay, Ruyatkin, Dmitriy, Ruzic, Alen, Ryabov, Vyacheslav V, Rydén, Lars, Saggar, Suraj, Sakamoto, Tomohiro, Salter, Tim, Samal, Aditya K, Samoilova, Yulia, Sanabria, Hugo D, Sancak, Seda, Sangrigoli, Renee, Sansanayudh, Nakarin, Santini, Ferruccio, Saraiva, José F, Sardinov, Ruslan, Sargeant, William, Sari, Ramazan, Sathananthan, Airani, Sathyapalan, Thozhukat, Sato, Atsushi, Sauter, Joachim, Sbraccia, Paolo, Schaap, J., Schaum, Thomas, Schiele, François, Scott, John, Segal Lieberman, Gabriella, Segner, Alexander, Senior, Roxy, Sergeeva-Kondrachenko, Marina Y, Serota, Harvey, Serusclat, Pierre, Sethi, Rishi, Shah, Manoj K, Shah, Neerav, Shalaev, Sergey, Sharma, Raj, Sharma, Sumeet, Shaydyuk, Oksana, Shea, Heidi C, Shechter, Michael, Shehadeh, Naim, Shirazi, Mitra, Shlesinger, Yshay, Shneker, Ayham, Shutemova, Elena, Siasos, Gerasimos, Siddiqui, Imran A, Sidey, Jennifer, Sigal, Felix, Sime, Iveta, Singh, Narendra, Siraj, Elias, Sivalingam, Kanagaratnam, Skoczylas, Grzegorz, Smith, Stephen K, Smolenskaya, Olga, Snyder, Brian, Sofer, Yael, Sofley, C.W., Solano, Royce, Sonmez, Yusuf A, Sorokin, Maxim, Soto González, Alfonso, Sotolongo, Carlos, Soufer, Joseph, Soyluk Selcukbiricik, Ozlem, Spaic, Tamara, Spriggs, Douglas, Sreenan, Seamus, Stahl, Hans-Detlev, Stamatelopoulos, Kimon, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, Stankovic, Goran, Stasek, Josef, Steg, Gabriel, Steindorf, Joerg, Stephan, Dominique, Stewart, John, Still, Christopher, St-Maurice, Francois, Stogowska-Nikiciuk, Barbara, Stoker, Jeff, Stokic, Edita, Strzelecka, Anna, Sturm, Kerstin, Sueyoshi, Atsushi, Sugiura, Toshiyuki, Sultan, Senan, Suplotova, Lyudmila A, Suwanagool, Arisara, Suwanwalaikorn, Sompongse, Sveklina, Tatiana, Swanson, Neil, Swart, Henk, Swenson, Bradley P, Szyprowska, Ewa, Tait, Graeme, Takács, Róbert, Takeuchi, Yuzo, Tamirisa, Aparna, Tanaka, Hideki, Tatovic, Danijela, Tellier, Guy, Teragawa, Hiroki, Teterovska, Dace, Thomas, Nihal, Thuan, Jean-Francois, Tinahones, Francisco, Tisheva-Gospodinova, Snezhanka, Toarba, Cristina, Todoriuk, Liudmyla, Tokmakova, Mariya, Tonstad, Serena, Toplak, Hermann, Tran, Henry, Tripathy, Devjit, Trusau, Aliaksandr, Tsabedze, Nqoba, Tsougos, Elias, Tsoukas, George M, Tuccinardi, Dario, Tuna, Mazhar M, Turatti, Luiz A, Tziomalos, Konstantinos, Udommongkol, Chesda, Ueda, Osamu, Ukkola, Olavi, Unubol, Mustafa, Urbach, Dorothea, Urina Triana, Miguel A, Usdan, Lisa, Vaidya, Bijay, Vale, Noah, Vallieres, Gerald, Van Beek, Andre P, Van De Borne, Philippe, Van Der Walt, Eugene, Van Der Zwaan, C., Van Nieuwenhuizen, Elane, Van Zyl, Louis, Vanduynhoven, Philippe, Varghese, Kiron, Vasileva, Svetla P, Vassilev, Dobrin, Vathesatogkit, Prin, Velychko, Valentyna, Vercammen, Chris, Verges, Bruno, Verma, Subodh, Verwerft, Jan, Vesela, Alica, Veselovskaya, Nadezhda G, Vettor, Roberto, Veze, Irina, Vijan, Vinod, Vijayaraghavan, Ram, Villarino, Adriana, Vincent, Royce, Vinogradova, Oksana, Vishlitzky, Victor, Vlad, Adrian, Vladu, Ionela Mihaela, Vo, Anthony, Von Engelhardt, Charlotte, Von Münchhausen, Candy, Vorobyeva, Olga, Vossenberg, T., Vrolix, Mathias, Vukicevic, Marjana, Vyshnyvetskyy, Ivan, Wadvalla, Shahid, Wagner, Jan, Wakeling, John, Wallace, James, Wan Mohamed, Wan Mohd Izani, Wander, Gurpreet S, Ward, Kathleen, Warren, Mark L, Watanabe, Atsuyuki, Weber, Bruce, Weintraub, Howard, Weisnagel, John, Welker, James, Wendisch, Ulrich, Wenocur, Howard S, Wierum, Craig, Wilding, John, William, Maged, Wilson, Pete, Wilson, Jonathan P, Wong, Yuk-Ki, Wongcharoen, Wanwarang, Wozniak, Iwona, Wu, Chau-Chung, Wyatt, Nell, Wynne, Alan, Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Yamasaki, Masahiro, Yazici, Dilek, Yeh, Hung-I, Yotov, Yoto, Yuan, Qingyang, Zacher, Jeffrey, Zagrebelnaya, Olga, Zaidman, Cesar J, Zalevskaya, Alsu, Zarich, Stuart, Zatelli, Maria Chiara, Zeller, Helga, Zhdanova, Elena A, Zornitzki, Taiba, Zrazhevskiy, Konstantin, Zykov, Mikhail, Lincoff, A Michael, Ryan, Donna H, Colhoun, Helen M, Deanfield, John E, Emerson, Scott S, Kahn, Steven E, Kushner, Robert F, Plutzky, Jorge, Brown-Frandsen, Kirstine, Hovingh, G Kees, Hardt-Lindberg, Soren, and Tornøe, Christoffer W

Abstract

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with overweight or obesity, but the effects of this drug on outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure are unknown. We report a prespecified analysis of the effect of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2·4 mg on ischaemic and heart failure cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to investigate if semaglutide was beneficial in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with a history of heart failure compared with placebo; if there was a difference in outcome in patients designated as having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; and if the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in patients with heart failure was related to baseline characteristics or subtype of heart failure.

Published
2024
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30. Electromagnetic Nanonetworks Beyond 6G: From Wearable and Implantable Networks to On-Chip and Quantum Communication

Author

Abadal, Sergi, Han, Chong, Petrov, Vitaly, Galluccio, Laura, Akyildiz, Ian F., and Jornet, Josep M.

Abstract

Emerging from the symbiotic combination of nanotechnology and communications, the field of nanonetworking has come a long way since its inception more than fifteen years ago. Significant progress has been achieved in several key communication technologies as enablers of the paradigm, as well as in the multiple application areas that it opens. In this paper, the focus is placed on the electromagnetic nanonetworking paradigm, providing an overview of the advances made in wireless nanocommunication technology from microwave through terahertz to optical bands. The characteristics and potential of the compared technologies are then confronted with the requirements and challenges of the broad set of nanonetworking applications in the Internet of NanoThings (IoNT) and on-chip networks paradigms, including quantum computing applications for the first time. Finally, a selection of cross-cutting issues and possible directions for future work are given, aiming to guide researchers and practitioners towards the next generation of electromagnetic nanonetworks.

Published
2024
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31. From Nuclotron Synchrotron to NICA Collider—Common Cryogenic Concept for Various Superconducting Magnets, Their Design Specifics and Test Results

Author

Khodzhibagiyan, H., Fischer, E., Bespalov, Yu., Borisov, V., Bychkov, A., Golubitsky, Oleg M., Kotova, Alena A., Kuznetsov, G., Petrov, M., Nikiforov, D., Shemchuk, A., Voronina, E., and Zolotykh, D.

Abstract

The forced flow two phase helium cooling concept of superconducting magnets in parallel channels works successfully since the commissioning of the Nuclotron accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna in 1993. We summarize its main cryogenic aspects and describe the optimization factors for further design of high or low current magnets designated for fast cycling or near DC mode. An overview of the main magnets design and related characteristic test results for the Booster and the Collider of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA complex) will be presented, as well as the measured magnetic field parameters. A brief information about the project status will be given.

Published
2024
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33. Report on Progress Towards a 10 kA Transformer-Rectifier Flux Pump

Author

Rice, James H.P., Francis, Adam C., Mallett, Ben P.P., Moseley, Dominic A., Petrov, Alexander, Zhang, Heng, Wray, Steven, and Badcock, Rodney A.

Abstract

High-current flux pumps are an enabling technology for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets operating in a quasi-persistent current mode (qPCM). For fusion energy specifically, flux pumps must be capable of delivering more than 10 kA of DC output to a superconducting magnet. Recent HTS flux pumps have yet to achieve more than 1–3 kA of current. In this report, we present progress towards a 10 kA HTS flux pump using the transformer-rectifier circuit topology at the Paihau-Robinson Research Institute. A 10 kA test solenoid has been designed and the fabrication has been commenced. The main requirements of the rectifier switches and transformer have been identified and evaluated, with a circuit simulation demonstrating 10 kA of output expected in under 15 s, with a current ripple of only 0.33%. Finally, a method of low-resistance solder joint fabrication using indium-foil is validated.

Published
2024
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34. Assessing the Structure-Based Turbulence Model Performance for Thermal Striping Applications Using Symmetric Jet Experiments

Author

Pham, Monica, Petrov, Victor, Manera, Annalisa, and Baglietto, Emilio

Abstract

AbstractTurbulent mixing of coolant streams can result in an oscillatory mixing phenomenon called thermal striping. These fluctuations have the potential to lead to anticipated thermal fatigue failures in advanced nuclear reactors. To predict thermal striping, robust and computationally affordable modeling tools that are capable of accurately representing complex turbulence are needed. Hybrid turbulence approaches, such as detached-eddy simulation and scale-adaptive simulation, have shown some success in resolving complex unsteady turbulence for massively separated flows, however the applicability of these models to internal flows is limited.A STRUCTure-based (STRUCT) second-generation Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model was recently proposed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to robustly extend the applicability of hybrid closures. In this work, the STRUCT model is evaluated using experimental data taken at the Reactor Cavity Cooling System separate-effects test facility at the University of Michigan. The experiments observed the interaction of parallel symmetric rectangular jets, and include measurements for mean profiles of velocity and Reynolds stresses. In the present work, the simulation results are assessed against mean profiles of velocity and Reynolds stresses, demonstrating the ability to reproduce the unsteadiness of the jets in close agreement with the measurements at considerably reduced computational cost.

Published
2024
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35. It’s About Time: Jet Interactions in an Asymmetrical Plenum

Author

Strasser, Wayne, Kacinski, Robert, Wilson, Daniel, Petrov, Victor, and Manera, Annalisa

Abstract

AbstractHybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes–Large Eddy Simulation was used to reveal detailed flow information and timescales in an isothermal reactor cavity cooling system plenum four-jet configuration. Plenum asymmetry and nonuniformity work together to cause premature jet merging. Bulk stirring in the plenum causes lateral jet vortex shedding, strong jet-jet interactions, swirl, and premature confluence. Two dominant transient modes exist: a jet flow timescale and then a plenum circulation timescale that is nearly three orders of magnitude larger. A primary consequence is that frequencies far less than the presumed 10 Hz threshold for thermal striping are pervasive. A second result is that scale-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (as well as experimental rigs) need hundreds of seconds of statistically stationary flow time (tens of thousands of jet timescales) to produce stationary time averages. Fluid typically arrives at positions on the laser sheet in less time than it spends at those positions fluctuating in the streamwise and lateral directions. Also, a previously undocumented, but experimentally confirmed, vortex trap was identified via CFD. Finally, two-point velocity correlation analyses demonstrated a few dozen strong correlations across positions on the laser sheet. Expected close-proximity correlations emerged, but others across larger spaces also were connected. Most of these correlated at timescales close to that of the jet.

Published
2024
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36. High-Fidelity Simulation of Mixing Phenomena in Large Enclosures

Author

Coppo Leite, Victor, Merzari, Elia, Mao, Jiaxin, Petrov, Victor, and Manera, Annalisa

Abstract

AbstractIn the present work, two large eddy simulations (LESs) of single isothermal jets discharging into large enclosure facilities are proposed. The geometries and tested flow conditions correspond to scaled experiments of the upper plenum of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. More specifically, two reference experiments were conducted at Texas A&M University and Michigan University. The objective of the present work is to validate these simulations with their corresponding reference experiments. The proposed LES models are performed with NekRS, a spectral element code with graphics processing unit capabilities developed at Argonne National Laboratory. These simulations were performed on the Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For validation purposes, first- and second-order statistics from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation are compared with measurements obtained from the experiments. The models proved to be accurate, as these results are in good agreement. Additionally, flow visualization is provided showing that these models are able to retrieve similar effects to what are described in the literature for this type of flow configuration. Finally, the proposed models are part of a broader effort under the current Integrated Research Project of Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation 1.1, whose main objective is to deliver fast-running models to accurately predict complex physical phenomena, including for instance, turbulent mixing and thermal stratification. In this regard, the CFD models proposed here will be used to generate a high-fidelity data set to be applied in conjunction with data-driven methods to improve turbulence modeling closures.

Published
2024
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37. Study of Stable Stratification in HiRJET Facility With Direct Numerical Simulation

Author

Tai, Cheng-Kai, Mao, Jiaxin, Petrov, Victor, Manera, Annalisa, and Bolotnov, Igor A.

Abstract

AbstractStable density stratification in a large enclosure could significantly hamper the effectiveness of natural convection cooling in pool-type liquid metal or gas-cooled advanced reactors. In addition, accurate prediction of stratified front behavior remains to be a challenging task for turbulence modeling. With the rapid growth of high-performance-computing capabilities in recent years, conducting high-fidelity simulations for a large-timescale transient has become more affordable and hence a valuable data source to support turbulence modeling as well as to gain further physical insights. In this work, direct numerical simulation is performed at experiment-consistent conditions to simulate the density stratification transient High-Resolution Jet (HiRJET) facility. Specifically, we focus on the case where an injected aqueous sugar solution has 1.5% density higher than that in the enclosure. In the early stage of the transient, the impingement of the denser jet to the bottom surface of the enclosure promoted turbulent mixing locally. This rendered the establishment of the mixture layer, formation and swift upward propagation of the stratified front, and elevation with (locally) the highest vertical concentration gradient. As the front rose, the diminishing turbulent mass flux slowed down the propagation, and a larger vertical concentration gradient was established. In this stage, both the velocity and the concentration scalar showed large-timescale fluctuation behavior around the stratified front. For the concentration time signal, the characteristic frequency in the power spectral density was found to agree well with the Brunt-Väisällä frequency. The preliminary validation endeavor showed that the stratified front location and the corresponding concentration gradient magnitude in the simulation agreed well with the experiment data. Further validation will mainly revolve around benchmarking against high-resolution density measurement and high-order flow statistics.

Published
2024
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38. Benchmark Experiments for Turbulent Mixing in the Scaled-Down Upper Plenum of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors Under Accident Scenario

Author

Mao, J., Che, S., Petrov, V., and Manera, A.

Abstract

AbstractThe time-averaged particle image velocimetry technique has been applied to measure flow mixing in the Michigan Multi-jet Gas-mixture Dome (MiGaDome) facility, a 1/12th, scaled-down model of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor upper plenum. Measurements were first conducted with one jet injection into the upper plenum for various Reynolds numbers (Re = 1022, 2038, 4097, and 6021). The experimental region of interest includes a plane within the dome located above one of the jet inlets of interest. First- and second-order statistics are presented and discussed to analyze the local mixing process and turbulent characteristics under the effects of jet spreading and jet impingement. Results have shown that the normalized statistics of the jet reach asymptotic behavior as the inlet Reynolds number is increased. By investigating the two-dimensional budgets for the momentum equation on the measurement plane, it was concluded that the contribution of turbulent diffusion is minor near the enclosure surface where strong convection is present due to impingement. An additional measurement on a triple-jet injection case has shown that jet spreading is suppressed by a recirculation zone, which causes a redistribution of turbulent fluctuations. The detailed local fluctuation patterns/coherent structures have been examined through a proper orthogonal decomposition analysis.

Published
2024
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39. Validation of RANS-Based Turbulence Models Against High-Resolution Experiments and DNS for Buoyancy-Driven Flow with Stratified Fronts

Author

Mao, J., Vishwakarma, V., Welker, Z., Tai, C. K., Bolotnov, I. A., Petrov, V., and Manera, A.

Abstract

AbstractTo provide computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–grade experimental data for studying stratification, measurements on the High-Resolution Jet (HiRJet) facility at the University of Michigan have been conducted with density differences of $1.5\% $1.5%and $ - 1.5\% $−1.5%, respectively. Fluid with a density different from the fluid initially present in the HiRJet tank was injected, and the propagation of the time-dependent density stratification was captured on a two-dimensional plane with the aid of the wire-mesh sensor technique for Reynolds numbers near 5000 and Richardson numbers near 0.29. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the two cases have also been conducted to expand the multifidelity database. The novel experimental and DNS data were then used to assess the predictive capabilities of the Standard $k - \varepsilon $k−ε(SKE) model and the Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) model. In particular, the propagation speed and thickness of the stratification fronts were assessed by comparing the CFD results against the experimental and DNS data. It was found that the general trends of the stratified density fronts were well predicted by the CFD simulations; however, slight overprediction of the thickness of the stratification layer was found with the SKE model while the RST model gave a larger overprediction of the mixing. Examination of the turbulent statistics showed that the turbulent viscosity was largely overpredicted by the RST model compared to the SKE model.

Published
2024
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40. Target-Oriented Synthesis of Triphenylphosphine Functionalized Carbon Dots with Negative Charge for ROS Scavenging and Mitochondrial Targeting

Author

Li, Xiangli, Li, Yingjie, Du, Mengxian, Petrov, Yuri V., Baulin, Vladimir E., Wang, Yujin, Yuan, Huiping, Zhou, Yu, and Li, Baoqiang

Abstract

Triphenylphosphine functionalized carbon dots (TPP-CDs) showcase robust mitochondria targeting capacity owing to their positive electrical properties. However, TPP-CDs typically involve complicated synthesis steps and time-consuming postmodification procedures. Especially, the one-step target-oriented synthesis of TPP-CDs and the regulation of TPP linkage modes remain challenges. Herein, we propose a free-radical-initiated random copolymerization in combination with hydrothermal carbonation to regulate the TPP backbone linkage for target-oriented synthesis of triphenylphosphine copolymerization carbon dots (TPPcopoly-CDs). The linkage mechanism of random copolymerization reactions is directional, straightforward, and controllable. The TPP content and IC50of hydroxyl radicals scavenging ability of TPPcopoly-CDs are 53 wt % and 0.52 mg/mL, respectively. TPP serves as a charge control agent to elevate the negatively charged CDs by 20 mV. TPPcopoly-CDs with negative charge can target mitochondria, and in the corresponding mechanism the TPP moiety plays a crucial role in targeting mitochondria. This discovery provides a new perspective on the controlled synthesis, TPP linkage modes, and mitochondrial targeting design of TPP-CDs.

Published
2024
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41. Containerized Microservices for Mobile Applications Deployed on Cloud Systems.

Author

Jordanov, Jordan, Simeonidis, Dimitrios, and Petrov, Pavel

Subjects
MOBILE apps, MOBILE app development, CLOUD computing, TECHNOLOGY assessment, SOFTWARE engineers
Abstract

This study explores the transformative role of containerized microservices in the sphere of mobile application development, especially within public cloud ecosystems. It focuses on how technologies such as Docker and Kubernetes contribute to improving deployment, scalability, and overall management of mobile applications, with an emphasis on containerizing backend services. We analyze their efficiency in streamlining deployment processes, focusing on how they improve the application’s performance and reliability. Additionally, we examine various alternative deployment strategies, such as blue-green, rolling, and canary releases, to emphasize their effectiveness in minimizing risks and facilitating smooth transitions in dynamic cloud environments. The study takes a comprehensive approach to achieve this goal, which includes a systematic review of existing literature, a thorough examination of relevant use cases, and an assessment of open-source technologies. Our findings reveal not only the practical benefits of these strategies but also their strategic application, offering important insights for software engineers and decision-makers. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating and optimizing containerized microservices in mobile app development to achieve more efficient, scalable, and manageable application lifecycles on cloud-based platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. Language-Models-as-a-Service: Overview of a New Paradigm and its Challenges.

Author

Malfa, Emanuele La, Petrov, Aleksandar, Frieder, Simon, Weinhuber, Christoph, Burnell, Ryan, Nazar, Raza, Cohn, Anthony G., Shadbolt, Nigel, and Wooldridge, Michael

Abstract

Some of the most powerful language models currently are proprietary systems, accessible only via (typically restrictive) web or software programming interfaces. This is the LanguageModels-as-a-Service (LMaaS) paradigm. In contrast with scenarios where full model access is available, as in the case of open-source models, such closed-off language models present specific challenges for evaluating, benchmarking, and testing them. This paper has two goals: on the one hand, we delineate how the aforementioned challenges act as impediments to the accessibility, reproducibility, reliability, and trustworthiness of LMaaS. We systematically examine the issues that arise from a lack of information about language models for each of these four aspects. We conduct a detailed analysis of existing solutions, put forth a number of recommendations, and highlight directions for future advancements. On the other hand, it serves as a synthesized overview of the licences and capabilities of the most popular LMaaS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

46. Fault Detection Algorithm for Pneumatic Measuring and Sorting Station

Author

Taneva, Albena M., Petrov, Antoniy P., and Petrov, Michail G.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present basic hardware components of a Flexible Assembly System (FAS) and investigate possible faults, classify the errors and implement real diagnosis. The mentioned system offers professional training according to the industrial reality, simulating a real assembly process and including different technologies from Industry 4.0. This equipment consists of an automated flexible assembly cell with five different stages: assembly, handling, quality inspection, transfer and warehouse. The pneumatic system repeats the identical programmed sequence during it operation. The data was collected when the pneumatic system worked perfectly and had some generated faults including empty magazine, zero vacuum, inappropriate material, no pressure, closed manual pressure valve, missing drilling stroke, poorly located material, not vacuuming the material and low air pressure. The faults are simulated according to developed algorithms in this investigation. The case study with fuzzy logic is used to develop a new sequence for one pneumatic module diagnosis. The analysis of the simulated faults is discussed and the obtained results can be applied in the similar pneumatic systems in industry.

Published
2024
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47. Incidence and risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection in 623 intensive care units throughout 37 Asian, African, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern nations: A multinational prospective research of INICC

Author

Rosenthal, Victor Daniel, Yin, Ruijie, Brown, Eric Christopher, Lee, Brandon Hochahn, Rodrigues, Camilla, Myatra, Sheila Nainan, Kharbanda, Mohit, Rajhans, Prasad, Mehta, Yatin, Todi, Subhash Kumar, Basu, Sushmita, Sahu, Suneeta, Mishra, Shakti Bedanta, Chawla, Rajesh, Nair, Pravin K., Arjun, Rajalakshmi, Singla, Deepak, Sandhu, Kavita, Palaniswamy, Vijayanand, Bhakta, Arpita, Nor, Mohd-Basri Mat, Chian-Wern, Tai, Bat-Erdene, Ider, Acharya, Subhash P., Ikram, Aamer, Tumu, Nellie, Tao, Lili, Alvarez, Gustavo Andres, Valderrama-Beltran, Sandra Liliana, Jiménez-Alvarez, Luisa Fernanda, Henao-Rodas, Claudia Milena, Gomez, Katherine, Aguilar-Moreno, Lina Alejandra, Cano-Medina, Yuliana Andrea, Zuniga-Chavarria, Maria Adelia, Aguirre-Avalos, Guadalupe, Sassoe-Gonzalez, Alejandro, Aleman-Bocanegra, Mary Cruz, Hernandez-Chena, Blanca Estela, Villegas-Mota, Maria Isabel, Aguilar-de-Moros, Daisy, Castañeda-Sabogal, Alex, Medeiros, Eduardo Alexandrino, Dueñas, Lourdes, Carreazo, Nilton Yhuri, Salgado, Estuardo, Abdulaziz-Alkhawaja, Safaa, Agha, Hala Mounir, El-Kholy, Amani Ali, Daboor, Mohammad Abdellatif, Guclu, Ertugrul, Dursun, Oguz, Koksal, Iftihar, Havan, Merve, Ozturk-Deniz, Suna Secil, Yildizdas, Dincer, Okulu, Emel, Omar, Abeer Aly, Memish, Ziad A., Janc, Jarosław, Hlinkova, Sona, Duszynska, Wieslawa, Horhat-Florin, George, Raka, Lul, Petrov, Michael M., and Jin, Zhilin

Abstract

AbstractObjective:To identify urinary catheter (UC)–associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) incidence and risk factors.Design:A prospective cohort study.Setting:The study was conducted across 623 ICUs of 224 hospitals in 114 cities in 37 African, Asian, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries.Participants:The study included 169,036 patients, hospitalized for 1,166,593 patient days.Methods:Data collection took place from January 1, 2014, to February 12, 2022. We identified CAUTI rates per 1,000 UC days and UC device utilization (DU) ratios stratified by country, by ICU type, by facility ownership type, by World Bank country classification by income level, and by UC type. To estimate CAUTI risk factors, we analyzed 11 variables using multiple logistic regression.Results:Participant patients acquired 2,010 CAUTIs. The pooled CAUTI rate was 2.83 per 1,000 UC days. The highest CAUTI rate was associated with the use of suprapubic catheters (3.93 CAUTIs per 1,000 UC days); with patients hospitalized in Eastern Europe (14.03) and in Asia (6.28); with patients hospitalized in trauma (7.97), neurologic (6.28), and neurosurgical ICUs (4.95); with patients hospitalized in lower–middle-income countries (3.05); and with patients in public hospitals (5.89).The following variables were independently associated with CAUTI: Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.01; P< .0001), female sex (aOR, 1.39; P< .0001), length of stay (LOS) before CAUTI-acquisition (aOR, 1.05; P< .0001), UC DU ratio (aOR, 1.09; P< .0001), public facilities (aOR, 2.24; P< .0001), and neurologic ICUs (aOR, 11.49; P< .0001).Conclusions:CAUTI rates are higher in patients with suprapubic catheters, in middle-income countries, in public hospitals, in trauma and neurologic ICUs, and in Eastern European and Asian facilities.Based on findings regarding risk factors for CAUTI, focus on reducing LOS and UC utilization is warranted, as well as implementing evidence-based CAUTI-prevention recommendations.

Published
2024
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