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This paper analyzes the integration processes of international marriage migrants in Japan and South Korea and identifies the steps and conditions required for integration. It contributes to the wider discussion of obstacles that migrants face during the integration process. Despite Japan and South Korea's reluctance toward the influx of large numbers of international migrants, their stance is more positive toward (female) marriage migrants. The qualitative data used for the analysis were collected by authors during the period between 2007 and 2022 on women from former Soviet Union countries, married to South Korean (54) or Japanese (50) men. The analysis of women's experiences identifies four major steps leading to receiving society integration: Pre-migration, arrival, early years and long-term settlement. The findings show that early language acquisition and receiving family support resulted in relatively smooth integration. However, human capital appears to be both a driver and an obstacle to integration. Furthermore, mismatched gender role expectations, limited social networks and employment opportunities increased difficulties in the integration process. Additionally, stronger ties with the receiving family and weaker ties with the home countries influenced women's decision to settle in the country. The largest differences between Japan and South Korea were the higher employment opportunities for marriage migrants in South Korea, especially for those with professional skills and Korean language knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bilateral relationship between South Korea and Japan has been increasingly strained since a ruling of the Korean Supreme Court in 2018, which urged Japan to compensate Korean laborers forcefully conscripted during the Japanese colonial era. Since that time, other critical events have followed, additionally aggravating bilateral ties. In this context, this study attempts to investigate the different ideological frames in editorials of two South Korean newspapers--Han'gyŏre, a center-left newspaper, and Chosŏn ilbo, a center-right newspaper, and how the ideological frames of the papers are adjusted in the process of translation. Seemingly objective translations of news articles actually present views under the guise of facts, ultimately including ideological shifts that mislead readers. These translations facilitate ideological reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Economies is the property of Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gender imbalance in academia has been confirmed in terms of a variety of indicators, and its magnitude often varies from country to country. Europe and North America, which cover a large fraction of research workforce in the world, have been the main geographical regions for research on gender imbalance in academia. However, the academia in East Asia, which accounts for a substantial fraction of research, may be exposed to strong gender imbalance because Asia has been facing persistent and stronger gender imbalance in society at large than Europe and North America. Here we use publication data between 1950 and 2020 to analyze gender imbalance in academia in China, Japan, and South Korea in terms of the number of researchers, their career, and citation practice. We found that, compared to the average of the other countries, gender imbalance is larger in these three East Asian countries in terms of the number of researchers and their citation practice and additionally in Japan in terms of research career. Moreover, we found that Japan has been exposed to the larger gender imbalance than China and South Korea in terms of research career and citation practice. • We quantify gender imbalance in the academia in China, Japan, and South Korea. • The three countries have had a small fraction of female researchers. • Papers from the three countries under-cite female-led papers. • Japan is largely subject to stronger gender imbalance than China and South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of International Affairs (04866096) is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the decades of work undertaken by the international legal community to attain full and satisfactory reparation for the consequences of Japan's actions during World War II, the emotionally-charged bilateral dispute between Japan and South Korea over the issue of the so-called 'comfort women' continues to this day. This paper is focused on analysis of the discourses surrounding the issue through the lens of a psychoanalytic methodological framework. Based upon the therapeutic work of one of the world's leading sexual trauma specialists Judith Herman and her text Trauma and Recovery (1992), the paper examines the issues at stake in the comfort women issue through the themes inherent to Herman's three stages of recovery for survivors of violent trauma. The research concludes that, while there are limitations in applying psychoanalytic methodologies to diplomatic disputes, there is value in pursuing and campaigning for holistic and therapeutic approaches to historical trauma in the context of feminist legal activisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to offshore fishing, high sea fishing has become another important supply channel for seafood. The pelagic catches of China, Japan, and Korea (CJK) account for 60% of the global total, and an analysis of their activities adds essential clarity regarding global fishery resources. This paper develops a framework for analyzing the activities of HSF vessels based on satellite AIS data from 2019, which is used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of the lengths, speeds, trajectories, and trajectory densities of HSF vessels, the numbers of active vessels, and their average fishing times. The analysis results show that: 1) Chinese HSF vessels are mostly small, relative to Japanese and Korean ships; 2) The speed of Japanese HSF vessels is consistently the highest; 3) All HSF vessels mainly fish in the Northwest Pacific, Western Central Pacific, Eastern Central Pacific, Southeast Pacific, Eastern Central Atlantic, Southeast Atlantic, and Western Indian Oceans; 4) The trajectory distribution of Chinese and Japanese vessels are similar, and both are more widely distributed than Korean vessels; 5) Chinese and Korean HSF vessels mostly enter the Atlantic through the Drake Passage, while Japanese ships mostly enter through the Panama Canal; 6) Chinese HSF vessels fish in Antarctic fisheries all year, while Korean ships aim to fish in Antarctic fisheries in the Spring, Summer, and Winter; 7) China has the largest number of HSF vessels in all fisheries, but their average fishing time is the shortest; 8) The average fishing time of all HSF vessels in Spring and Summer is short, increases during the Autumn, and continues to rise in some fisheries during Winter. This study is not only of great significance for the management and conservation of marine resources, but is also a valuable reference for the promotion of international cooperation in safeguarding marine fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has a four-fold goal: (1) it examines the difficulties faced by Japan, Korea and Taiwan in developing and implementing multicultural programs for their newly arriving migrants; (2) it offers an analysis of indigenous ethnic formation and migration of workers and marriage migrants in the context of ongoing debates on multiculturalism in East Asia; (3) it analyzes narratives behind the educational reforms to shed light on the political contention surrounding multicultural governance in the region; and (4) it discusses why educational institutions in East Asia seem uninterested in offering courses on multiculturalism. This paper suggests that the three countries will continue to face substantial difficulties in institutionalizing their own democratic multiculturalism(s) due to pressures from global and domestic forces. We expect that the three countries will continue to modify their approaches to multicultural governance despite institutional constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This overview article examines the major similarities and differences among the three countries in East Asia - Japan, Taiwan and Korea - in terms of their immigration policies and observed flows as an introduction to three country- specific papers and a contribution on the simulation of economic impacts of different migration scenarios in Asia. These papers are from a two-year project, "From Origin to Destination: Policy Alternatives for Managing Two- Way Migration Pathways in Asia," funded by the Korea Foundation. The papers demonstrate important common patterns, including the special treatment of ethnic return migrants, population aging and demands for low-skilled migrant workers in the industrial and service sectors, the strict policy on temporary migration for low-skilled migrant workers, and the concentration of women in marriage migration and as carers in labor migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores social stratification and social inequality in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan by comprehensively analyzing the effects of occupation on one's class status. In this paper, the author examines the effects that a person's occupational conditions, such as occupation (interpreted narrowly), employment status, type of employment contract (standard or non-standard), and company size, have on his/her individual income and class consciousness, and how these effects vary within East Asian societies on the basis of each society's unique labor market structure and local institutions. The analysis of the 2005 Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) survey data led to the following findings. On the whole, the effects of occupational conditions on income and class consciousness are similar within all these societies. However, the relative impacts of these conditions differ considerably. While occupation (narrowly interpreted) has predominant effects in Taiwan, the effects of company size and type of employment contract are also considerable in Japan, and partly so in Korea. It is also notable that in the case of Japanese males, company size and type of employment contract have significant effects on class consciousness, even after the effects of individual income are controlled. These effects can be attributed to some factors that are unique to the Japanese management system, such as career-long employment and the wage seniority system that are usually offered to the standard male employees of large companies. From these findings, we can conclude that we should focus on local institutional factors as well as global factors for a better understanding of present-day social stratification and social inequality in East Asian societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines what Korea and Japan meant by the term "joint development" in their Joint Development Agreement of 1974, which is the first instrument that the two states must rely on when launching plans for joint development. This research has practical relevance because a number of activities taking place concerning the joint development since the 2000s have revealed ambiguities under the Agreement. Specifically, are two types of activities conducted by non-concessionaires since 2000s—seismic survey and re-analysis of the previously collected research data—part of "joint development" under the Agreement? If not, what rules apply to the activities not regulated by the Agreement? This paper answers these questions by arguing that the Agreement does not regulate all activities related to "joint development" between Korea and Japan, and that Article 83 (3) of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea applies to those activities not covered by the Agreement. This paper contributes to clarifying the scope of "joint development" under the Agreement and the latter's relationship to Article 83 (3) of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. • 1974 Korea-Japan Joint Development Agreement does not regulate all actions concerned. • The seismic survey by non-concessionaires is not subject to the Agreement. • This survey may be unilaterally done in the absence of the other party's objection. • Re-analysis of the extant research data is not an "exploration" under the Agreement. • The confidentiality of information should be guaranteed for re-analysis of old data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that a China-Korea-Japan Free Trade Agreement (CJK FTA) will have large benefits to the three Northeast Asian countries and significant implications for global multilateral trade. However, several hurdles seem to make an expeditious completion of a CJK FTA, or even bilateral FTAs between Japan and China or between Japan and Korea extremely difficult. Thus, a pragmatic approach would be to follow a dual-track approach in which China and Korea fast-track the completion of a bilateral FTA between them and the three countries continue their negotiations for a trilateral FTA on a steady track. Neither of these attempts should, however, deter these countries from joining the larger multilateral deals they are pursuing such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) or the Transpacific Partnership (TPP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian ethnic return migration policies are having an important impact on the lives of Asian Americans. By making it easier for later generation Asian Americans to work and invest in their ancestral homelands, these policies have affected the scale of Asian American migration and their economic, cultural, and social connections to Asia. However, ethnic return migration policies and their effects are not uniform across all Asian American groups. This paper analyzes how Asian Americans are being affected by ethnic return migration policies through comparative examination of the Immigration Control Act in Japan and the Overseas Korean Act in South Korea. The two policies in Japan and South Korea (hereafter Korea) are similar in their initial targeting of ethnic return migrants and in their privileging of skilled workers and investors in the 2000s to increase each country's competitiveness in the global economy. However, while Korea's policy has cast a net to include Korean Americans specifically, Japan's ethnic return migration policy has not been aimed at Japanese Americans in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares media relations in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. There are several significant findings. First, the media-public relations practitioner relationship is more informal and closer in Asia than it is in the U.S. Second, media ethics, such as gift giving and informal gatherings, are different in these Asian cultures and in the U.S. Finally, the U.S. journalists and public relations practitioners have more positive attitudes toward on-line types of source-reporter relations than Asian journalists and practitioners do. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the findings of this comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the practice of lifelong learning in four East Asian countries: China, Japan, North Korea, and South Korea. Lifelong learning is differentially distinguished from lifelong education, and derives from a solid foundation of basic education. Findings show that social intrinsic motivation to lifelong learning exists widely in Japan, universally in North Korea, and remarkably less so in China and South Korea. These findings are attributed to their respective early childhood education systems. A distinct vocational intrinsic motivation is correlated with employment and community development, and is strongly influenced by education policy in each country, while personal intrinsic motivation drives lifelong learning among ageing populations - notably in Japan, and to a lesser extent in South Korea. While lifelong education is fairly well delivered by institutions, lifelong learning needs more caring support through community agents to build human capital. Suggestions are made for strategic pro-active collaboration among the four national open universities, which include sharing libraries that will reduce costs, sharing courseware and co-developing open resources, co-building a prior-learning assessment and cross-accreditation system, and building harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Punctuality is seen as key component of airline service quality. This paper examines cross-cultural differences in passenger complaints regarding irregular airline conditions. Analysis of four clusters of air travelers in South Korea – from South Korea, Japan, China, and America – exhibit significantly differences in their attitudes suggestion important cultural variations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The three main purposes of this paper are to (1) identify critical success factors (CSFs) for electronic commerce (EC), (2) investigate the explanatory power of these CSFs on firm performance, and (3) compare differences in evaluating CSFs and explaining impact of CSFs on performance among in Korea, Japan, and USA. Through a literature review and interviews with managers in EC firms, a list of 16 CSFs consisting of 111 items was compiled. Questionnaires were administered to managers of EC companies in Seoul, Korea, Tokyo, Japan, and Texas, USA. Survey results show that CSFs have very significant explanatory power for firm performance in all three countries. While security, privacy, and technical expertise are the most explanatory CSFs in Korea, evaluation of EC operations, technical expertise, and ease of use show most explanatory power in USA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper chronicles and analyzes the political dispute that resulted when Russia gave South Korea permission to fish for saury in the Kurile area disputed by Russia and Japan. The dispute became a three-sided diplomatic wrangle and threatened to disrupt relations between the countries involved. In the resolution of the dispute, each side gained and lost both politically and economically. Given the difficult political relations in Northeast Asia, fisheries policy makers should consider the international political ramifications of their decisions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The tectonic relationship between Korea, China and Japan has been a topic of debate since several decades. Several recent studies have brought to light new aspects of Korean geology including the finding of Late Permian to Triassic eclogite facies metamorphism from the Hongseong area. There has also been substantial progress on the understanding of the tectonic history of East China. New reports of Paleozoic and Triassic high-P/T metamorphic belts have also come from Japan. This thematic issue of Gondwana Research presents a timely integration of new information that aids in reconstructing the tectonic relationship between Korea, China and Japan. This issue begins with a set of four papers dealing with the tectonic relationship between Korea, China and Japan. The next five papers deal with various aspects of Korean geology from Late Proterozoic to Cenozoic. Subsequent five papers are related to the geology of Japan. The next three papers deal with the tectonic interpretation of the Sino-Korean plate. Evidence for Permo-Triassic collision between the Indo-china and South China blocks is reported in the next paper. We thank reviewers for providing thorough and constructive reviews on the manuscripts for this issue. We also thank the International Association for Gondwana Research for providing us the opportunity to publish this thematic issue. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]