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The article presents a discussion on the issue of relocation in the Family Law Act in Australia. It also offers a discussion on how and whether relocation should be defined. It also reviews the existing law on relocation and invites proposals for the amendment of the Family Law Act concerning the issue on relocation. It also outlines the proposed reforms to the family law contained in the Family Law Amendment Bill 2005 or the Shared Parental Responsibility bill. It also presents the law in other jurisdictions such as United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, and some states of the United States.

Objective: Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up is the Professional Pharmaceutical Care Service aimed at detecting Drug-Related Problems for the prevention and resolution of negative medicine outcomes. The Dader Method is considered a clear and simple tool to develop Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up. This research aims to analyze the evolution of the international scientific production related to Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up and the Dader Method to show the current situation of this Professional Pharmacy Assistance Service. In addition, from the data obtained, we give a critical perspective on the implementation of the Dader Method in Community Pharmacy, considering its advantages and disadvantages based on the published scientific literature. Methods: Using bibliometrics tools, indicators were obtained to analyze the international production of scientific articles on Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up and the Dader Method during the period (1999-2022) through the Scopus database. Results: The results showed a growth in the international scientific production of publications on Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up, obtaining 30,287 papers, placing the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Spain as the five most productive countries. The publication of 83 papers on the Dader Method places Spain with the highest number of publications, followed by other Spanish or Portuguese speaking countries, among which Brazil and Colombia have the most prominent number of published papers in Latin America. The most frequent international journal covering the topic of Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up was the American Journal of Health-Pharmacy (12.4%), while on the Dader Method, the journal Pharmaceutical Care Spain (21.7%) is in the first position, followed by Farmacia Hospitalaria (8.4%). Conclusion: The publications on the Dader method highlighs the greater productivity of the University of Granada and the author María José Faus Dáder. The inclusion of patients in the PTF service using the Dader Method, is more frequent in the hospital context, and is based on the presence of defined chronic pathologies (mainly diabetes), polymedication or specialized care follow-up, with elderly population being the most represented in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, in Australia and Canada, two Aboriginal women – Lynette Daley and Cindy Gladue – died in suspicious circumstances suggestive of sexual homicide. At the time of their deaths, little media attention was given to their cases. However, several years later, as their cases progressed through the criminal justice system, the media would become intensely interested and numerous reports were subsequently published. These news stories, however, demonstrated that when colonialism, racism and sexism intersect they result in victims being to apportioned blame for their subsequent deaths. This paper reports on findings from a research project that examined print and online news media from 2011 to 2018, as these cases traversed the criminal court system. It illustrates that, when taken together the colonialism, racism and sexism prevalent in the news reporting served to characterise the victims as unworthy of the public's sympathy. This paper also provides a reflection on what it might take to reform the media's engagement in cases such as these, to achieve a reimagined justice where Aboriginal women's lives are valued and respected as victims of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A student's accuracy on drug calculation tests may be influenced by maths anxiety, which can impede one's ability to understand and complete mathematic problems. It is important for healthcare students to overcome this barrier when calculating drug dosages in order to avoid administering the incorrect dose to a patient when in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maths anxiety on healthcare students' ability to accurately calculate drug dosages by performing a scoping review of the existing literature. This review utilised a six-stage methodology using the following databases; CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Trip database ( http://www.tripdatabase.com/ ) and Grey Literature report ( http://www.greylit.org/ ). After an initial title/abstract review of relevant papers, and then full text review of the remaining papers, six articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Of the six articles included, there were three experimental studies, two quantitative studies and one mixed method study. All studies addressed nursing students and the presence of maths anxiety. No relevant studies from other disciplines were identified in the existing literature. Three studies took place in the U.S, the remainder in Canada, Australia and United Kingdom. Upon analysis of these studies, four factors including maths anxiety were identified as having an influence on a student's drug dosage calculation abilities. Ultimately, the results from this review suggest more research is required in nursing and other relevant healthcare disciplines regarding the effects of maths anxiety on drug dosage calculations. This additional knowledge will be important to further inform development of strategies to decrease the potentially serious effects of errors in drug dosage calculation to patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada has been discussing whether to implement an orphan drug policy for more than 25 years. Recently, the federal government announced funding for orphan drugs starting in 2022, and the Canadian Senate has recommended that the country develop an orphan drug policy. This paper uses a list of orphan drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration between 2008 and 2017, inclusive. It then compares Canada, which has no orphan drug policy, and Australia, which has had such a policy since 1997. There was no difference between the countries in the proportion of orphan drugs approved, the time drugs spent in the regulatory review process, and any delay in marketing the drugs in the respective countries compared to the United States. Both Canada and Australia approved virtually all of the drugs that offered a moderate to significant therapeutic improvement. If Canada hopes to provide faster access to orphan drugs, especially those that are therapeutically innovative, it will need to develop a policy that is significantly different from that in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nursing workforce is pivotal for maintaining fundamental healthcare needs. However, recruitment and retention of this integral workforce in rural regions can be fraught with challenges. Whilst global research has identified barriers to working in rurality, these are often focused on the limited infrastructure and isolation of working in low- and middle-income countries. No previous qualitative meta-analysis has considered the factors affecting nurse recruitment in high-income countries. To provide a deeper understanding of the overarching barriers to nurse recruitment and retention in rural areas of high-income countries, a qualitative meta-analysis of primary qualitative research was conducted. Fourteen databases were reviewed systematically for qualitative research exploring barriers to nurse recruitment and retention. Twelve papers from Australia, Canada and the USA met the inclusion criteria. The current meta-analysis identifies themes around 'health service demands', 'challenges of accessing continuous professional development and clinical progression restrictions' and the 'rural demography' as overarching barriers for rural recruitment and retention of nurses in high-income countries. The results of the qualitative meta-analysis have provided new insights into the overarching themes, reflecting the consistent barriers to nurse recruitment and retention in rural areas of high-income countries. Interpretation of these themes highlights the importance of employing the right nurse who possesses a multi-dimensional skillset traversing both the working and community environment. This is discussed in light of current healthcare and education models and the development of innovative recruitment strategies, with the meta-analysis identifying avenues for future research to better address this growing concern. • Recruiting and retaining a skilled rural nursing workforce is now a key concern for all countries, globally. • There is significant disparity and unequal distribution of the existing nursing workforce between urban and rural areas. • Nurses in rural areas require a different generalist skillset which can be challenging for new or urban nurses to achieve. • Rural working is hampered by urban healthcare and educational models. • The potential negative impact on rural healthcare is concerning, unless a quality rural workforce strategy is devised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite frequent calls for Integrated Management (IM) of coastal and marine activities, there is no consensus on the 'recipe' for successful adoption and implementation, and there has been insufficient evaluation of successes and failures of IM to date. The primary rationale for IM is to overcome four major deficiencies of sector-based management: a) management of diverse activities by different agencies using different approaches, b) management generally focused on a subset of primarily ecological objectives that do not properly articulate or evaluate social, cultural, economic and institutional objectives, c) no mechanisms to evaluate or advise on trade-offs among objectives of activities in relation to objectives and d) no mechanisms to evaluate the cumulative effects of all managed activities. To help overcome this gap in knowledge, here we draw on our collective experiences working in Australia and Canada to develop and articulate a framework to help guide the practical implementation and evaluation of IM, which we define as: ' An approach that links (integrates) planning, decision-making and management arrangements across sectors in a unified framework, to enable a more comprehensive view of sustainability and the consideration of cumulative effects and trade-offs.' We argue that IM will be most easily and effectively achieved by linking and modifying existing sector-based plans in an overarching IM initiative that has nine key features: 1) Recognition of need for IM, 2) A shared vision by stakeholders and decision-makers for IM, 3) Appropriate legal and institutional frameworks for coordinated decision-making, 4) Sufficient and effective processes for stakeholder engagement and participation, 5) A common and comprehensive set of operational objectives, 6) Explicit consideration of trade-offs and cumulative impacts, 7) Flexibility to adapt to changing conditions, 8) Processes for ongoing review and refinement, and 9) Effective resourcing, capacity, leadership and tools. Drawing on these features we then articulate a process for the implementation and evaluation of IM that recognises five phases: i) Preconditions and drivers of change, ii) Intentional design and institutional rearrangement, iii) Enablers and disablers iv) An implemented IM process, and v) Review of IM performance and modification. Combination of the nine features of IM with the five phases in IM development provides a framework for implementation and a lens for evaluation of IM processes. We suggest that this framework provides a guide to the appropriate design of practical IM, which will assist in overcoming the current management deficiencies and improve the sustainability of marine resources in the face of change. • Sector-based management cannot adequately address trade-offs and cumulative effects. • Integrated planning and management is required for holistic sustainability. • Integrated Management can build on existing management arrangements across sectors in a unified way. • This paper provides a 'recipe' or framework for successful implementation of Integrated Management. • Nine key features and five phases of implementation provide a lens for evaluation of Integrated Management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Presentations to emergency departments (EDs) and patient acuity continue to increase. Whilst strategies to deliver safe patient care in the ED are evolving, emergency nurses need to be well educated through specialist qualifications to enable delivery of advanced patient care. This paper presents a comparative analysis of available international practice and competency standards for nurses graduating from emergency nursing courses in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Methods CINAHL, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for papers, published in English, using the terms: ‘emergency’, ‘accident and emergency’, ‘nursing’, ‘competency’, ‘practice standards’, ‘scope of practice’, ‘regulation’, and ‘specialist standards’. Secondary sources from relevant reference lists and professional websites were also searched. Results The standards from the five countries were common across five domains: clinical expertise, communication, teamwork, resources and environment, and legal. None of the standards were specific to the emergency nursing graduate, and there was variability in the level of expertise required for which the standards apply. Conclusions The available practice standards demonstrated some commonality. Consideration of the utility of a universal framework for informing the development of emergency nursing practice standards and emergency nursing curriculum for nurses wishing to specialise is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Research in palliative care (PC) is often regarded as challenging due to the vulnerability of the population and other peculiarities. We aim to systematically identify barriers to research in PC in the literature. Methods The electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE were searched for papers published in the last 25 years. Citations and then abstracts were screened for inclusion. Original papers were included on first-level analysis. On a second level reviews, reports, and position papers were analyzed. Papers containing a direct patient report were specifically analyzed. Barriers were categorized (ethical considerations, financial and time expenses, study design and methodology, human resources and politics) and results quantified. Results Twenty-one original papers and 65 other papers were included. Five studies involved patients directly, five were systematic reviews, three were study experiences, and seven were surveys or workshop reports. Most papers originated from UK, USA, or Norwegian Universities. Ethics and methods were the most often mentioned categories on both levels. Accrual, attrition, and gatekeeping were frequently named barriers. Complex invasive studies or possible side effects hinder patients' participation, as patients are often willing to participate for altruistic motivations. Discussion Barriers to PC research are ethical concerns and methodological challenges. Possible strategies to overcome methodological barriers include international collaborative efforts to include more patients and improve study designs. Ethical barriers indicate the need for patient involvement in the research development process and tailoring research specifically to the PC population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a series of interviews, undertaken in Australia, Canada and the United States, with capital gains tax (CGT) experts on the preferential taxation of individual capital gains. The interviews explored their views on the taxation of capital gains in their jurisdictions. The interviewees were from academia, government advisory organisations and private practice. This paper focuses on two thematic areas covered in the interviews: the level of convergence or divergence of the experts' views on the benefits, disadvantages and need for CGT rate preferences and the experts' views on how the individual CGT should be reformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the use of the products of surveillance, primarily images, as evidence within the criminal trial. These products, whether static images, video or voice recordings, are increasingly being mediated for the fact-finder via 'experts', proffering an opinion about the meaning of some surveillance image, artefact or trace. Common law courts, including those in Australia, the UK, Canada, and the US, have been surprisingly accommodating towards such evidence -- allowing incriminating opinions to be presented by witnesses with questionable or unsubstantiated 'expertise'. Institutional and judicial responses tend to be inattentive to the reliability of such evidence, and display a misplaced faith in the capacity of traditional trial safeguards to expose and manage the weaknesses inherent in this type of evidence. In looking at the ways in which courts use CCTV images, voice recordings and other traces generated by surveillant assemblages, this paper offers a legal site for consideration that has not featured prominently in recent surveillance literature. It suggests that the preoccupations generated by the ubiquitous nature of everyday surveillance do not always map cleanly onto the use of surveillance artefacts in the criminal justice system. At the same time this paper explores how ideas and concepts familiar to the analysis of surveillance techniques, cultures, imaginaries and practices might inform our understanding of the criminal trial and its related processes. Fundamentally concerned with the value of such evidence, this paper argues that given the premium placed upon accuracy and fairness within the criminal trial, the state should be able to guarantee the basic trustworthiness of 'expert' opinions before interpretations derived from surveillant assemblages are admitted to assist with proof of identity and guilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Commission is revising the EU's data protection framework. One of the changes concerns privacy impact assessment (PIA). This paper argues that the European Commission and the EU Member States should draw on the experience of other countries that have adopted PIA policies and methodologies to construct its own framework. There are similarities and differences in the approaches of Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK and US, the countries with the most experience in PIA. Each has its strong points, but also shortcomings. Audits have identified some of the latter in the instance of Canada. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the six countries to identify some of the best elements that could be used to improve Article 33 in European Commission's proposed Data Protection Regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a summary of the main international and national regulations for geologic storage of carbon dioxide. The international group includes the EU Directives, London Convention, and OSPAR. For the national regulations, three countries were covered in this study: United States, Canada, and Australia. In addition to these regulations, a group of guidelines and best practice manuals were also included in this study. As discussion, although this paper recognizes that current legislations have contributed for the regulation of this technology, it is still necessary the development of new rules in other regions. Industry will not invest in large CCS plants without such regulations because of high CCS costs and large financial risks related to CCS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The study reviews the research from 1969 to 2005 describing pre-service candidates' transition from student teacher to professional educator during their socialisation into school culture. Despite the educational reforms in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia over the last three decades, this review argues that new teachers experience many of the same initial concerns that have been documented about beginning teachers for over 35 years. The paper also examines the core themes that emerged in each of the respective periods identified in the review, including: teachers' perceptions of self (1969 to mid 1980s); professional sustainability (mid 1980s to late 1990s); and emerging identity during the process of their socialisation into school culture (2000 to 2005). Based on this examination, the paper suggests that the tension between new teacher identity formation and socialisation into school culture can be reconciled by a post-industrial perspective of how individuals formulate concepts of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal made in this paper is a modest one: that high-income countries should further the cause of reducing global inequality by ensuring that in their tax treaties with low-income countries they do not usurp needed revenues by reducing low-income countries' ability to collect tax on income with a source in the low-income country. This argument is made in the specific context of the taxation of royalty payments, which present one of the most extreme examples of high-income countries unfairly confiscating revenues that appropriately belong to their low-income treaty partners. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) model tax treaty, which most high-income countries in the world closely follow in negotiating their own tax treaties, provides that to avoid double taxation, source countries (invariably low-income countries) should reduce their rate of withholding tax on royalty payments to zero. Thus low-income countries that enter into tax treaties modelled on the OECD model convention are unable to levy a tax on royalty payments that have a source in their jurisdiction. In many cases, this simply results in a net transfer of revenue from the low-income country's treasury to the treasury of the high-income country. In making the general case for source taxation of royalty payments, the paper examines and compares Canadian and Australian tax treaty policies to see to what extent those countries have followed the OECD model convention in negotiating with low-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores key outcomes relating to personal income tax (PIT) reform in Australia derived from the use of a Delphi methodology conducted during 2006. The Delphi methodology combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to explore future possibilities in systematic and iterative rounds of anonymous testing involving a panel of international experts in the field of personal taxation. The experts have been drawn from Australia and from countries with comparable PIT regimes, such as the UK, the USA, Canada and New Zealand. Over a four month period the panel members responded to a series of open-ended propositions relating to the design and operation of the PIT, with a view to establishing whether a consensus on key PIT reform issues could be developed. Studies comparing the Delphi's results with other methods have confirmed the effectiveness of the methodology on the basis of both its capacity to generate ideas and its effective use of participants' time. This paper considers the methodology used and also focuses on the outcomes of the process, showing how these outcomes are being used to inform the final phase of a broader research project into personal tax reform in Australia which is being conducted with funding from the Australian Research Council and support from CPA Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paucity of literature in the field of visitor attractions, combined with the virtual vacuum of literature on international comparative research methodologies in tourism generally, and more specifically within the visitor attractions sector, together serve as the catalytic focus for this paper. Where studies have been completed on visitor attractions in the international arena, they have often been practitioner-led and lack the depth of analysis and rigour required for academic scrutiny. This paper will begin to fill this gap, by evaluating the methodological options available to academics when researching visitor attractions in different countries. Reference will be made throughout the paper to an international comparative Study undertaken by the authors at visitor attractions in Scotland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The paper concludes with a synthesis of those methodological issues deemed to be of benefit to future researchers wishing to advance their understanding of the management of-visitor attractions in different countries around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines business migration to Australia, Canada and the United States by integrating the concepts of a global immigration marketplace and the commodification of citizenship into global political economy theory. It finds that state business migration policies constitute "offers" to potential businesspersons, in a discourse of "competition" and simultaneously regulate the process. In the sorting process of potential migrants across countries many businesspersons have a rational "choice" of the country they want to emigrate to. This competition and choice provide evidence of a global immigration marketplace and data show that only Australia and Canada are active competitors with Canada having an advantage. An analysis of Chinese business migration from China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore indicate substantial numbers in the tens of thousands in the early 1990s but this has decreased in recent years due to several economic and political factors. Currently there are moderate levels of Chinese business migration with China now as the major source country. Since businesspersons are not a homogenous group the paper concludes with some suggested policy changes to make business migration more accessible and transformative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the need for making connections between and among cultures, especially among Aboriginal and dominant cultures. The context of the paper is one in which we compare and contrast three Aboriginal cultures: the Adnyamathanha people of South Australia, the Sechelt people of Canada, and the Paiwan people of Taiwan. In the act of making connections, we suggest that several themes need to be addressed. The first theme is cultural memory: connections with land. Immersing oneself in the three Aboriginal cultures highlighted here, it is clear that cultural memory (oral history) is deeply tied to connections with land. The second theme is cultural performance: creating and living connections. Rather than conceptualizing visual products as art, we suggest cultural performance as a concept which embraces the integrated nature of culture. Culture is performed through the participation of creators and viewers within a cultural context. The third theme is one of cultural translation: connections for art education. Coming to understand another culture is an act of cultural translation, an act that can only represent a partial understanding from a personal perspective. Through recognizing and respecting cultural memory and cultural performance, art educators may be better able to act as cultural translators alongside members in cultural groups wishing to engage students in learning about their cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hellenic Studies / Etudes Helleniques is the property of Centre for Hellenic Studies & Research Canada-KEEK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New Zealand switched electoral systems from single member plurality to mixed member proportionality for the 1996 election. The country's leadership was well aware that this change would mean that no one political party would have a majority of seats in the legislature, so extensive study was undertaken in advance with respect to coalition and minority governments. While this advance work held the public service in good stead, the political parties failed to respond adequately to the new governing dynamics. Even with the leadership of a former senior jurist as governor general, it would take until Y2K for the political elites to learn how to operate within the new paradigm. The procedural improvements made by New Zealand in this period have most recently informed improvements to parliamentary government in the United Kingdom and Australia. This paper examines these and other lessons that New Zealand may offer Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Canadians wrestle with issues of prorogation, coalitions, fixed elections and even the nomenclature of their head of state it is useful to look at practices in other Commonwealth countries. Of course each country will have its own tradition and conventions but we can better understand Canadian issues by putting them in a comparative perspective. This paper looks at recent developments relating to the role of the Governor General including his/her role in the making or unmaking of Governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2008 W A Lee Lecture, Justice Michael Kirby, in his paper "Equity's Australian Isolationism", criticised equity jurisprudence in Australia for its failure to follow the Canadian example in unifying the doctrines of equity and the rules of the common law particularly in relation to aspects of the fiduciary obligation and the availability of punitive damages. It is submitted that an appreciation of the fundamental values referred to as the conscience of equity affords good reason to resist the unifying tendencies apparent in the Canadian jurisprudence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States, Canada and Australia in the period between 1880-1920, had similar political, legal and cultural systems, and so provide a natural test for the interactions of ethnicity, religion, nationalism and nativism. For example, Germans and other European immigrants were welcomed before 1914, but wartime patriotism pushed them out of the consensus. As a result, in the U.S. and Canada, they were forced to assimilate, and in Australia, they were deported. Increasingly, in Canada and Australia, nativism became a question of loyalty to the country or to the British Empire. The manifestation of this was Anglophones pushing the French in Canada to the wall because they were too traditionalistic and not sufficiently imperial and Irish Catholics who were loyal to their country and to Rome, but hostile to Britain. Drawing from these case studies, this paper posits that nativism can be better understood as a matter of defining the nation to which loyalty is due. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the current problematic state of public policy addressed to the sex trade in Canada. It explores the recent parliamentary inquiry into the sex trade and suggests that the Canadian polity needs to set in train a clear program for reform in this area. A particular priority of these reforms should be to enhance the safety and rights of sex workers. At present the Canadian polity is mired in philosophic, moral and political divisions over the acceptability of sex work and this is limiting the search for practical ways of addressing urgent social problems. We argue that this search needs to be wide and continuing and that some practical 'lessons' can be learned from Australia where prostitution law reform has been in place for a considerable period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a cross-cultural study of the emotion of fear. Caregivers from on independent preschool, a preschool attached to a public school, an extended hours care facility for children from birth to school age, and an indigenous community preschool were invited to participate. In total, 20 caregivers in Canada and 21 in Australia participated. They were asked to name fears that preschool-aged children experience, to describe how children show fear, and to further describe how they respond to children's fears. Findings suggest that caregivers can miss or misinterpret fear and fear displays and that they could, in many cases, respond to fear more effectively. By expanding their understanding of what young children fear, the variety of ways that children express fear, and how to help children to understand fear, early childhood educators in both countries can more effectively respond to fear and other emotions in young children. It is hoped that insights provided through this cross-cultural study will assist early childhood educators to achieve this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable time has elapsed since the last comprehensive review of Australian film assistance policy. Despite the fact the no universal agreement exists on the aims of national film assistance policies, it is nonetheless timely to consider the overall effectiveness of present film assistance programs in Australia. Accordingly, the limited objective of this paper is to examine some aggregative outcomes of the Australian film assistance program in comparison to similar programs in Canada and the United Kingdom in the areas of film development, film production, film distribution, film exhibition and film performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that the Vancouver, British Columbia-based Papertech has received its largest single WebVision Plus order from Australian firm Visy Pulp & Paper. Order for nine systems and 78 cameras.

Human sexuality is constructed via public, interactional and private sexual scripts (Simon & Gagnon, 1986, 1987, 2003). However, normative sexual scripts often exclude or asexualize people with cerebral palsy. Consequently, rehabilitation counselling may rely on conceptual models of sexuality which are derived from typical populations. This paper presents a conceptual model of sexuality with disability relevant to rehabilitation counselling which reflects how people with moderate to severe disability construct their sexuality. Based on a hermeneutic phenomenological framework, seven in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five men and two women with moderate to severe cerebral palsy from Canada and Australia. Interviews were analyzed using Nvivo 9. Overall, the results and proposed model indicate that while interactional, public and private sexual scripts feature in all participants' descriptions of their sexuality, interactional sexual scripts dominated participant's definition of their sexuality. Rehabilitation counselling frameworks should be cognizant of the primary importance of interactional sexual experiences within their clients' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors examine the details of the board of director (BOD) education programs currently offered in Canada, the UK and Australia. The authors analyse the program patterns relative to an integrated model of BOD education and present recommendations for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the inception, design and delivery of an 'International Sport Management' (ISM) subject involving three partner universities in Australia, Canada and the USA. This unique international learning and teaching community has provided undergraduate sport management students and sport management academicians at geographically distant universities with an opportunity to interact and collaborate through an online learning environment, specifically through the use of a WebCT platform and case study approach. The challenges faced in delivering this subject and the ongoing changes to this unique form of learning are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the attitudes towards inclusive education of pre-service teachers in teacher training institutions in four different countries: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Using the Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education Scale (Wilczenski, 1995) and a series of demographic variables, this study concludes that pre-service teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education differ between countries across three factors which have been labeled academic and physical, social, and behavioral. Pre-service teachers in this sample are most positive about including students with social concerns. An examination of the items in this factor revealed that these issues, such as shyness, would rarely require immediate intervention and large amounts of extra time and effort on the part of the teacher in the same way that the behavior factor would, which rated low in terms of positive attitudes internationally. Demographic variables which can be emphasized by teacher training institutions such as close contact with a person with a disability, training, teaching experience, knowledge of policy and law, and confidence levels, all had a significant impact on attitudes. This paper argues that teacher training institutions should consider for inclusion in their programs practical experiences with inclusive education in positive and supportive environments, opportunities for students to experience success and reflection, and academic content regarding knowledge of policy and law relating to inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Commission has initiated a programme to investigate coastal zone management (CZM) throughout the European Union and to address the objective and targets outlined in the European 5th Environmental Action Programme. However, the emphasis is biased towards action at a national rather than European level. Elsewhere, the issue of delivering CZM at a `continental' scale have already been investigated and addressed in a variety of ways. A detailed review of CZM in Australia was recently completed by the Commonwealth Resource Assessment Commission. The USA have had a federal programme of CZM for more than 20years. In Canada, CZM has been evolving for a similar period of time. This paper considers these examples, attempts to identify the role of federal governments in CZM and proposes measures which the European Commission should take forward in order to develop effective CZM throughout the European Community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]