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The academic accreditation for an engineering program in higher education institution is helpful to enhance comprehensive qualities of graduates. Taking the Electrical Engineering and Automation (EEA) Program as an example, a framework is constructed based on the concept of Outcome Based Education (OBE) for a high quality measurement, which ensures the program to satisfy the requirement of engineering education accreditation. Particular steps are designed by taking into account the evaluation methods for educational objectives and students' outcomes. Then, a closed-loop continuous improvement process is applied to develop the program based on the assessment result of students' performances in collage and society. The achievement level of the program outcomes is evaluated by efficient methods periodically, and the assessment results are presented in the paper. The situation of graduates' competencies developed by the program is indicated, and improvements of the program are implemented based on shortcomings. In this research, work experiences for the engineering education accreditation are shown, which can be studied by institutions and universities offering corresponding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The OECD countries have been experiencing fall in fertility and rise in female labour force participation. Based on panel regression analysis with interaction and mediation effect, this paper found that the negative impact of fertility on female labour force participation can be mitigated by the investment in education and health, with such investment having only a direct effect on female labour force participation without first influencing fertility. Female secondary school enrolment promotes female labour supply regardless of the level of education development. Therefore, policies on human capital investment and childrearing encouragement can be simultaneously implemented to promote female labour supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observed association between household income and children's education cannot be interpreted as causal in the existence of potential income endogeneity. The non-natural factors often infringe on the orthogonality condition, even if they satisfy the relevance condition. Utilising a farm household survey, saline soil, and rainfall data from Thailand, this paper exploits natural experiments using actual natural factors as an instrumental variable to find valid instruments and check the robustness of the results using many estimators. The results show that, among the nine instrumental variables, rainfall amount and rainfall deviation are valid instruments for establishing the causal effect of income on a child's education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vjesnik Bibliotekara Hrvatske is the property of Croatian Library Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examined the role of the library in the improvement of inclusive education. Bringing to bear some stringent concepts; and ideas that the library management can imbibe, to improve the productivity of the special needs children. The paper also looked intently at the term special education, special needs education and also the benefits of special education. In this paper, the researcher tries to juxtapose the importance of considering the special needs learners, their information quest and needs. The researcher drew some conclusions and some recommendations were made at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pregled is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pregled is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educacao e Pesquisa is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on the development and use of behavioral objectives for improving the field experiences in student teaching presented by the Directors of Student Teaching at the State of Illinois Colleges and Universities, both private and public institutions. A form of position paper regarding this importance issue was made to present the opinions of the directors. The behavioral objective is to examine narrowly the work of the beginning teacher and focus attention on defined skills and behaviors to be achieved. The development and use of behavioral objectives are one approach on the problem of making pertinent efforts on improving the teaching education.

This paper demonstrates the effects of education on cognitive functioning which could serve as an alternative preventive method to halt or delay cognitive decline in older adults. The purpose of this proposal is to discuss and illustrate the benefits of improving cognitive ability through continuing education. As such, taking advantage of educational programmes that are already in place would not only provide mental stimulation for older adults, but would be a source for social networking, as well as technology training and physical education activities. To establish a link between cognition and education, this paper provides examples from a number of studies as well as a review of a longitudinal study on educational differences in the prevalence of dementia. The findings of this systematic review revealed a connection between cognitive decline and education after considering regions and economic status. Suggestions from these reviews imply that keeping one's mind stimulated could be influential in delaying the onset of dementia resulting in possibly extending the time older adults are independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Remote learning should be a blend of asynchronous and synchronous material. • A wealth of free, on-demand videos and web-based resources are available. • Instructors should keep in mind the potential pitfalls to using online material. • Learning objectives should drive the search for on-demand content. • Accountability mechanisms are essential to ensuring student engagement. The move to online instruction forced many educators towards the task of producing recorded content, many for the first time. The result was that many instructors, usually those with limited or no remote-teaching experience, produced 60- to 90-minute audioonly lectures, recorded using Powerpoint or a conferencing platform, and posted them to a Learning Management System (LMS). Instructors more well-versed in online pedagogy or those who utilized instructional design best-practice training, produced video content more in-line with established research, which states that videos should be no longer than 6 to 15 min. Regardless of video length and quality, creating recorded content is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and arduous even for experienced educators. The alternative to self-created content is to mine the wealth of freely available forensic science videos, webinars, and web-based resources already posted to the internet. Prior to the move to remote instruction, some forensic educators integrated YouTube clips into lecture material. Post-pandemic, the quantity, and often quality, of online content has greatly increased. However, on-demand resources are spread widely across the internet. Whilst some repositories of material, such as webinars from individual organizations exist, other sources of content require more intentional searching. Identified content is meaningless unless integrated into a course or module's learning objectives. Instructors may need to shorten lengthy webinars or edit extraneous material in order to maintain educational best practice. Finally, once content is captured and posted to a course LMS, an instructor must set up an accountability structure to ensure students are viewing and digesting required material. The first half of this paper will outline the types and locations of free, on-demand online forensic materials and resources. As forensic science education looks to the future, the creation and use of web-based resources is likely to increase. The second half of this paper will address what to do once content is identified and how to effectively utilize it within the framework of remote instruction best-practice. Existing content can help the educator work smarter, not harder. The wealth of online forensic resources can help illustrate concepts and add variety to LMS-posted content, leading to a more enriching experience for the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology (BT) is gaining popularity, and there have been increasing papers on blockchain and education, particularly on how to use blockchains in education. However, as a public ledger which is shared and agreed on by all users in a distributed network, blockchain technology involves unconventional thinking, and learning BT could be challenging for college students. In this paper, we present a project-based learning (PBL) approach for effective education of BT at college level. We first explain why PBL is suitable for BT education and discuss various issues should be considered for project-based learning on blockchain technology. We then discuss several different ways of doing this and offer our suggestions. We present case studies which we have developed, that can provide useful guidelines to students and beginners who are interested in BT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy, enshrined in Part III & IV of the Indian Constitution reflect that India is a welfare state. These rights ensure that the government safeguards the economic and social well-being of its citizens. Keeping in mind the responsibility of the state in ensuring these rights, the G.O.I. has been launching different welfare programmes from time to time under four major welfare categories, namely, wage employment, education, health and food security and nutrition as per the demand of the hour. However, the success of the schemes can be achieved only with proper governance. Nevertheless, indicators of governance do not pretense healthy trends. Given the highly uneven performance demonstrated by the states in terms of improvement with regard to the above-mentioned social dimensions, four case studies have been showcased in this paper from West Bengal, a state falling in the category of Medium Social Progress State during the year of 2021-22. The paper attempts to capture the quality of governance of social welfare programmes pre pandemic and during the pandemic when the importance of such social welfare schemes had been accentuated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology & History is the property of University of Nis, Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As one of the overreaching goals of Healthy People 2030, addressing the social determinants of health (SDOH) to reduce health disparities is a nationwide concern, with objectives informed by interdisciplinary teams of experts. However, there remains much discussion regarding the roles of healthcare providers in addressing SDOH. While current guidance suggests that all members of the healthcare team must be empowered to address SDOH, current guidance explicitly references physicians, nurses, social workers and staff, and do not specifically include pharmacists. While pharmacists are taught about the impact of SDOH in pharmacy curricula, actionable strategies for pharmacists to address SDOH in practice have not been clearly outlined. Pharmacists have multifaceted interactions with patients and may be influential in meeting individual patient needs, identifying social risk factors, and addressing upstream causes of health disparities. This paper proposes a framework for the role of pharmacists in addressing the SDOH through strategies at the patient, practice, and community levels. The concepts presented in this paper are meant to serve as a launch point for discussion and to promote the inclusion of pharmacists in the conversations around sustainable efforts to achieve health equity. This framework is not intended to limit the scope of pharmacists in addressing SDOH - on the contrary, it is our hope that this outline may be used to expand the education of future healthcare professionals regarding their role in addressing the social determinants of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers an overview of pain intervention procedures which are just one facet of a holistic approach to managing pain. They can have a therapeutic and/or diagnostic focus, at times being useful in terms of guiding the clinician to useful pointers to the source of pain, and at others allowing windows of opportunity of pain relief to allow the patient to engage with other modes of pain management such as physiotherapy or occupational therapy with a common goal of improving level of function. The paper explores the importance of managing patient expectations, providing clear patient information and acquiring appropriate patient consent. It provides a brief overview of different procedures, drugs and other modalities as well as imaging used in their delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effect of the Ukraine crisis on the national and international economy, which is intrinsically tied to education, research, and science. As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the country’s economy plummeted sharply. This displaced many local and international students, teachers, and educators at Ukrainian universities, schools, and institutes, including girls and women. In this paper, we have highlighted the global effort to sustain higher education and accommodate displaced students. We have adopted an exploratory, descriptive analysis of media coverage of the Russia-Ukraine War and other statistical studies and articles generally addressing the impact of the Ukraine crisis on the economy, particularly education, research, and science. Results suggest that immediate and continuous support for Ukrainians and international students is viewed as a necessity tightly linked to the national economy and the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caring is a key part of a radiographers work and the education of student radiographers. Despite recent literature highlighting the importance of putting the patient at the centre of care and being caring, research describing the educational approaches used by radiography educators to facilitate the teaching of caring is lacking. The aim of this paper is to explore the teaching and learning strategies used by radiography educators to facilitate the development of caring in students. A qualitative, exploratory research design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select radiography educators (n = 9). This was followed by quota sampling to ensure all four radiography disciplines, namely diagnostic radiography, diagnostic ultrasound, nuclear medicine technology and radiation therapy were represented in the sample. Data was analysed thematically and themes were identified. The findings indicated that radiography educators use teaching strategies such as peer role play, learning through observation and role modelling to facilitate teaching and learning of caring. The study suggested that although radiography educators know the teaching strategies that facilitate caring, aspects such as clarification of professional values and the refinement of reflection seems to be lacking. The teaching and learning approaches that can assist students in developing as caring radiographers can add to the evidence-based pedagogies that shape the teaching of caring in the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended reality is proposed as a means to deliver qualitative material to students in higher education institutions. The usage of this technology has increased due to Covid-19 lock down. This paper aims to categorize the challenges encountered by literature that deployed extended reality (XR) in higher education during and after the lockdown. However, the number of available articles addressing these challenges is limited, with a total number of 40 articles obtained from dimensions’ dataset. In this study, bibliometric analysis is used to highlight the number of publications, citations, and authors in this field. Thematic analysis with inductive reasoning is applied to extract the primary challenge themes mentioned in 23 articles. After reviewing the eligible articles; we categorized the challenges into three main themes: Teacher, Student, and Technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents conclusions based on intercultural studies of the significance of passive strategies relating to the declared teachers' needs as construed by transactional analysis. The study participants included 322 educators from Guatemala, the United Kingdom and Poland. The findings referred to Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, comparing individualism and collectivism. The study used a questionnaire, specifically the Educational Needs Questionnaire (ENQ) and the "Educator's Reality" one. The study findings disclose connections consistent with Hofstede's theory assumptions where the factor protecting teachers coming from the most collectivist culture worldwide (Guatemala) from passivity is the satisfaction of needs in a relationship with another human being (recognition hunger), while in the most individualistic cultures (the UK), this factor will be the satisfaction of individual needs not connected with relationships (structure hunger). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER WILL BE CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMINISM THROUGHOUT THE 19TH CENTURY OF THE ENGLISH LITERATURE, DISCUSSING THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERCEPTION ON THIS TOPIC. THE 19TH CENTURY WAS ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PERIODS OF THE BRITISH HISTORY, NEVERTHELESS IT WAS A CENTURY OF CHANGES FOR WOMEN. THROUGHOUT THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, LITERATURE HAS DEVELOPED AS WELL AS THE SOCIETY AND THE POSITION OF WOMEN WITH RESPECT TO MEN. THIS PERPETUAL FIGHT FOR EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN HAD A STARTING POINT AND THIS WAS THE SUFFRAGETTE MOVEMENT. THERE HAS BEEN A GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT THE CENTURIES. THEREFORE, THE WORD "FEMINISM" CAN EVOKE NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE MEANINGS FOR THOSE WHO TRY TO DISCOVER ITS ROOTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 2020, the "new coronavirus", SARS-CoV-2, started one of the most significant health crises in the modern world. China was the initial source of the pandemic and the first country to deal with its broad consequences which, apart from medical concerns, included severe social and economic costs. The farreaching adverse outcomes of the pandemic meant a need for intensive educational campaigns, explaining the epidemiological aspects related to COVID-19. This paper studies Chinese materials educating children on health, and ways to protect against infection and further virus spread. It concentrates on cultural values, emotions, and means of expressions present in the analyzed resources. Among significant findings, notions of Confucian values, the Taoist vision of harmony, patriotic content, and nationalist ressentiment are identified. The study also recognizes unique forms of expression represented by metaphors, symbols, and specific local audiovisual themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advance of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, in particular Open AI's ChatGPT, has led to reactions worldwide, from academics to practitioners. While many have expressed support for integrating ChatGPT in business processes as it can increase effectiveness, efficiency, and profit, others have sounded alarms about its advancement dominance due to likely job losses and dehumanization of everyday interactions. However, whether ChatGPT will be widely adopted or settle into a niche market like recent technological innovations (e.g., cryptocurrencies) remains unanswered. To answer this question, this study develops a four-stage model of ChatGPT adoption, suggesting that for ChatGPT to be adopted on a broad scale, it must pass four stages of applicability, availability, acceptability, and adaptability. The study first discusses the process of model development. Subsequently, the model is applied in 3 industries where the adoption of ChatGPT has generated great supporters and opponents: tourism, healthcare, and education. Among the three, the education and healthcare industry has progressed the least (currently at the acceptability stage), and tourism has progressed the most and has found limited acceptability in the model. Implications are further discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the XXI century, the understanding of transformation encompasses not only organizational and structural processes, but also processes regarding the proficiency of those who implement them. In the Armed Forces system, proficiency can be considered in several aspects – doctrinal, managerial, methodological, psychological, pedagogical, technical. Since transformation is not a single act, but an ongoing function of the National Security System, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the continuity of the process of acquiring knowledge for today's immediate performers as they grow and assume positions of responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to present arguments for the need to transform the proficiency (knowledge and capabilities) of transformational process leaders – at operational and tactical levels, to navigate and skillfully apply modern technological innovations in favour of the thinking and preparation of the governing bodies and in the Land Forces training system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a critical discussion of Putting Learners at the Centre: Towards a Future Vision for Scottish Education, which was published by the Scottish Government in 2022. After reconstructing the case made in the report for putting learners at the centre of Scottish education, I raise critical questions, both about the idea that learners should be at the centre of education and that it is their learning that education should focus on. I also argue why the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is insufficient as a basis for education. I then present the case for an alternative view, which neither puts learners nor the curriculum at the centre, but sees the physical, natural, and social world as that which education should centre on. I show how this may provide a more meaningful and more educational future for education in Scotland and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional learning is the base of any learning system but there are some issues to be considered such as attracting learners' attention and make them learn more. Higher education needs to deploy innovation teaching methods to improve learners' interactivity with lessons, catch the students' attention and enhance the overall learning process. Holographic technology might change the way of creation and sharing knowledge. Using Holographic Technology in learning is still new to the education industry but it has the potential to revolutionize aspects of teaching and learning experience. One of the most recent improvements in educational system is the introduction of mixed reality holograms, which is a platform combining augmented and virtual reality to provide a real-world experience with virtual objects. In this paper, the researchers present basic concepts about Holographic Technology, in order to understand the importance of this technology in our life and whether learners would perceive this technology positively. The researchers identifying the strengths and weaknesses of Holographic Technology as a teaching tool, in order to evaluate its effectiveness in higher educational system and whether it helps in the enhancement of the teaching-learning process and recommend the educational institutes to start make some changes to accommodate the Hologram Technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the correlations that exist between many items linked to the use and integration of Information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper aims to contribute to the current debate in the literature concerning education in both forms, direct and distance teaching. The scientific novelty of the article also consists of a large-scale study that describes the theoretical and practical prerequisites of distance education through ICTs' integration. We have used of hybrid strategy of quantitative, analytical and descriptive type. The driving factor of choosing a questionnaire as the medium of data collection is that is provides a better sampling from different public high schools (N=102) in the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco, in a short time. A Spearman product-moment correlation coefficient was conducted to evaluate the null hypothesis that claims the absence of any relationship between the selected items. Preliminary analysis showed that there a correlation between age and ICTs mastery, and there was a significant evidence to conduct that there was a negative association between age and ICTs mastery r(102) = -.57,p=.01, there for there is a correlation between gender and Information and communication technologies mastery r(101) = .56,p=.02. A strong correlation between university degree and Information and communication technologies mastery r(98) = .58,p=.01. The results of this study could greatly help trainers to choose the right sample according to age, gender, application software, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The school subject home economics (HE) provides education on food, meals, and sustainability. Drawing on observations and interviews with eight Swedish HE teachers during 2018, this paper conceptualizes HE as an ambiguous perceived space between the conceived space of state-controlled learning goals and the lived space of a traditional Swedish, feminine, middle-class home. The subject's focus on cooking and housework lowered its status and marginalized it from the rest of the school. It seemed in constant threat of neglect and dissipation, which together with the chaotic nature of student cooking gave rise to a need for order and control. This extended to norms surrounding food, cooking, and eating that blurred the line between knowledge content and value judgments. Based on these findings, I suggest that HE is permeated not only by the social, ecological, and economic sustainability perspectives of the syllabus but also a fourth – cultural sustainability – which is not explicitly defined but rather underpins the subject in the form of a hidden curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical Race Theory (CRT) and its potential contributions to K–12 public education is under scrutiny by lawmakers and parent groups across the United States. Banning the tenets of CRT will produce even less equitable outcomes for our most vulnerable student populations. Interdisciplinary collaboration is critical for behavior analysts working alongside educators in public schools. This paper will unite educators and behavior analysts in a scholarly discussion of the origins, definition, and opposition to CRT; highlight current inequities and disparities in educational systems; outline the effectiveness of culturally relevant pedagogical practices; and propose a call to action for behavior analysts to collaborate with educators to improve equitable student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) is a phenomenon whereby an employee brings their own computing devices to work with them and use them in addition to or instead of company-supplied devices. BYOD helps organization to cut cost and improve the utilization of organizational resources. However, the impacts and phenomenon of BYOD is still unknown and scarcely discuss within the body of knowledge; warrant for further exploration of the topic. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument to measure BYOD and its productivity. The research went through various empirical stages and content validity assessment. Based on other studies, a list of predictors and dependent variables was adopted. Based on the variables that have been identified, a pilot instrument was created in the second step. Third, an expert review process was used to validate the instrument. The face validity and reliability investigation of possible respondents was completed. As a result, a reliable instrument with six variables and thirty items was created to measures BYOD and productivity in the context of universities students in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migration & Ethnic Themes: MET / Migracijske i Etničke Teme is the property of Institute for Migration & Ethnic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adapting a Living Educational Theory Research methodology, I discuss how my teaching, my learning, and my research contributed to the enhancement of joyful teaching and learning in a university classroom. I share my own living-educationaltheory that influenced me, my colleagues, students, and the university culture. Inspired by Bhagavad Gita and using a participatory action research design and dialogue method, I collected and analyzed data from reflective journals, presentations, assignments, and blog writing. In this paper, I present a cluster of five context-responsive approaches (voluntary participation, valuing a sense of wonderment, respecting interdependence, enhancing the Culture of Inquiry, and adapting aesthetic inquiry) as I answer the question: How can I enhance joyful teaching and learning in my graduate classes? Finally, I share three prerequisites and a challenge of promoting joyful teaching and learning in higher educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Topic modeling is a text mining technique that extracts concepts from textual data and uncovers semantic structures and potential knowledge frameworks within context. This study aimed to identify major keywords and network structures for each major topic to discern research trends in women's health nursing published in the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing (KJWHN) using text network analysis and topic modeling. Methods: The study targeted papers with English abstracts among 373 articles published in KJWHN from January 2011 to December 2021. Text network analysis and topic modeling were employed, and the analysis consisted of five steps: (1) data collection, (2) word extraction and refinement, (3) extraction of keywords and creation of networks, (4) network centrality analysis and key topic selection, and (5) topic modeling. Results: Six major keywords, each corresponding to a topic, were extracted through topic modeling analysis: "gynecologic neoplasms," "menopausal health," "health behavior," "infertility," "women's health in transition," and "nursing education for women." Conclusion: The latent topics from the target studies primarily focused on the health of women across all age groups. Research related to women's health is evolving with changing times and warrants further progress in the future. Future research on women's health nursing should explore various topics that reflect changes in social trends, and research methods should be diversified accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]