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This article investigates the different shapes in which reading and writing practices occur when paper/pen are compared with keyboard/screen. The focus is on the bodily aspects of these practices. Reading and writing are viewed as techniques of the body, which over the years have become increasingly mediated by technologies. The analysis is grounded in the theory of social practice. Research material consists of written essays collected from 25 students at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, in 2013. Results show that paper as material is considered suitable and adaptive to numerous reading purposes and bodily positions, while regarding the screen the places and positions of reading are viewed as more limited due to the material boundary conditions presented by devices. Students describe handwriting as a more flexible and relaxed bodily practice than typing, although the worsening skills of handwriting are recognized too. Skills and competences turned out to be less decisive factors than materials and images when trying to explain the differences in reading and writing practices when a paper/pen is compared with a keyboard/screen. Finally, the study argues that digital reading writing interfaces do not determine the ways we read and write as strongly as previously suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article narrates how a teacher incorporated I-Charts and I-Search papers to support teaching middle level English Learners (ELLs). It informs that the I-Charts and I-Search papers provided students with the support to explore, experience, and learn about their preferred topics that engage them in reading and synthesizing a variety of texts. The article also mentions that the teacher supplemented traditional teaching practices with the research process and digital media technology.

The article reports the development of Bangle computing and its transformation from paper to digital stage. After the independence of Bangladesh, the government of Bangladesh decided to use Bangla in all government offices. Nevertheless, there was no Bangla typewriter available. One had been developed by the Remington Company, but it had many drawbacks in the key layout, and it was never accepted in Bangladesh. The newly established government at once imported a large number of Munir/Optima Bangla typewriters from Germany that used the Munir keyboard developed by Prof. Munir Chowdhury in 1969. At the same time personal computers began to be used as dedicated terminals for phototypesetting. Apple computers were used to develop Bangla characters as phototypesetters. Linotype used sophisticated software to go beyond 256 ASCII codes and could write Bangla perfectly with only 327 codes. World languages got a new life when Macintosh computers were introduced in January 1984, creating a unique opportunity for all non-Roman languages to be on the computer screen. Together with Page Maker software and MacWrite, Postscript language, and LaserWriters, Macintosh successfully started the DTP revolution in Bangladesh.

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The evolution of Digital Predistortion (DPD) for Power Amplifier (PA) linearization in wireless communications has seen a natural progression towards increasingly complex DPD models. This complexity directly correlates with improved accuracy in modeling PAs, thereby enhancing the linearization performance of DPD systems. As the demand for bandwidth and PA operation frequencies continues to rise, there is a growing trend towards achieving higher accuracy at the expense of increased complexity. This trend poses challenges for DPD design, necessitating the introduction of more complex algorithms to ensure effective PA linearization. This phenomenon is especially apparent in Volterra Series DPD algorithms, which are widely used for modelling nonlinear systems like PAs. This paper showcases the steps of reducing the modelling operations complexity of the Simplified Volterra (SV) method. The treated SV method presented in this paper is compared against the original SV method through simulation. The DPD model operations complexity is evaluated using the number of required multiplication operations. The DPD PA linearization performance is evaluated with respective model’s Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE). A 57% reduction on the number of multiplication operations is observed in the treated SV against the original SV. Measured NMSE is similar for both models, indicating the treated SV model achieves this reduction in complexity without sacrificing linearization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of 3D virtual presentation technology for clothing has led to the gradual popularisation of digital virtual clothing in the modern fashion industry. However, there remains a gap between the application of this technology and the integration of cultural attributes in the field of digital communication of traditional cultural clothing. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to propose the establishment of a fusion system integrating archaeological research on traditional culture with emerging virtual presentation technology. This paper draws inspiration from the replicability and easy dissemination of digital products to combine cultural archaeology and digital technology. The aim is to provide ideas for the diversity of dissemination of cultural heritage. The research object is Diplomatic Envoys, a Chinese mural painting of the Tang Dynasty that depicts friendly exchanges between countries. The research is divided into two research stages. A CLO3D software-based digital restoration test was conducted to reproduce the costumes of officials and foreign envoys depicted in the Tang Dynasty mural. The FAHP model was employed to verify the accuracy of the restoration results. The experiment demonstrated that the digitally reconstructed clothing exhibited a high degree of similarity to the unearthed mural figure clothing object. Furthermore, the restoration result passed the credibility verification, resulting in a 'credible' outcome. The application of digital virtual simulation clothing restoration methods offers two key advantages. Firstly, in comparison with traditional clothing restoration methods, digital restoration enables the rapid assessment of the resulting clothing effect, thereby reducing the likelihood of secondary damage to cultural relics due to manual errors. Secondly, the benefits of digital technology facilitate the convenient storage, replication, and dissemination of clothing data information. Data can not only be extended to online exhibition halls but also to game animation, clothing production, and other fields for the purposes of creative redesign and information dissemination. Furthermore, these benefits can penetrate the education industry to disseminate information to the public through all-round display models and explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective communication in food supply chains is increasingly important, especially in supply chains that strive to provide improved levels of information from producer to consumer. Such supply chains can be found in alternative food networks. Alternative food networks often adopt local and short supply chain strategies to provide embedded information between producers and consumers. Information in the supply chain of alternative food networks is communicated through face-to-face, proximate, or extended supply chain structures. The tools used to communicate information vary amongst the supply chains in alternative food networks; for example, face-to-face may adopt word-of-mouth, while proximate and extended supply chain structures may use labels, digital platforms, and websites. This paper uses Principal Component Analysis to provide an understanding of the categories and underlying dimensions of information communication tools in the supply chains of alternative food networks. A living lab approach and survey method were used for data collection. Using Principal Component Analysis, the data revealed two principal components of information communication tools, highlighting the use of on-packaging information communication tools such as packaging and labelling tools as a principal component. Another principal component was identified, backing a need for off-packaging information communication tools such as digital technologies, certificates, social media, and packaging technologies, enabling stakeholders who desire a further understanding of information regarding the processes and products. The paper concludes with the implications, limitations, and areas of future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of confidential digital communication over international networks, security is the most significant factor. Steganography is the science of concealed communication and is used to conceal the presence of secret information among the various methods of hiding data in communications. Steganography techniques are usually implemented either in spatial or frequency domains. Some spatial domain methods fundamentally utilize the absolute difference value between neighbor pixels to encode the secret message, categorized as Pixel-Value Differencing Steganography methods (PVDS). In PVDS, the hiding capacity of the adjacent pixels depends on their difference value. Consequently, the secret data will be embedded with a high visual quality of the stego-image. Indicator-based PVDS (IPVDS) technique is derived from the PVDS method. It depends on an Indicator pixel (IP) to extract the secret data correctly. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to optimization depends on the concept of survival of the fittest. This paper introduces two proposals, GA-based steganography schemes (GA-IPVD) and (GA-IPVDM). These new techniques encoded secret data using the IPVDS method. Before embedding data in the cover image, the order of the pixels corresponding to the secret data is modified and rearranged. GA controls the operation of rearranging and modifying the order of pixels and all parameters. The current paper addresses steganography as an optimization problem and seeks to determine the optimal order of the pixels that enhance the matching between the cover image and stego-image to reduce distortion despite high embedded capacity. In the first proposed technique GA-IPVD, GA concentrates on the imperceptibility of embedded data and maximizes the quality of the stego-image according to the given secret data. In contrast, the GA maximizes the capacity of embedded data while maintaining an acceptable amount of stego-image quality in the second proposed technique GA-IPVDM. The proposed systems have embedding key that increase the security of proposed schemes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods can embed a large quantity of secret data while maintaining an acceptable visual quality of the stego-images. The proposed technique has also demonstrated excellent resistance to a variety of stego-attacks, including the pixel difference histogram (PDH) as well as regular and singular (RS) analyses. Additionally, the out-of-boundary pixel issue (BI), which endures in the majority of modern data hiding algorithms, has been successfully resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web 2.0 technologies have a great deal to offer while providing information services and can be used as a platform to increase the discoverability of digital collections, engage library patrons in library activities, and create online services that promote collaboration, cooperation, communication, and information sharing among public libraries at various levels in a country. The present study focuses on ICT-enabled information services provided by connemara public library and district central public libraries in Tamil Nadu, India. The study also tries to identify the extent to which Web 2.0 tools are used in public libraries to provide information services. A survey method using a questionnaire was adopted to collect data from connemara public library and selected district central public libraries of Tamil Nadu. Findings of the study show that connemara public library and district central libraries in Tamil Nadu are providing ICT-enabled information services but only a minority of these libraries are using Web 2.0 tools for the same. Analysis found that a minority of district central libraries in Tamil Nadu are using WhatsApp (28.57 %), Facebook (23.81 %), YouTube (14.29 %), Blog (9.52 %), Twitter (9.52 %) and Mobile Apps (4.76 %) to provide information services. Analysis shows that district central public libraries are using Web 2.0 to provide only very basic information to the users. Librarians are not exploiting the full potential of Web 2.0 tools in providing information services. This paper will be helpful for library professionals working in public library systems to implement ICT-enabled information services in general and Web 2.0 in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to highlight the influencing factors on omni-channel consumer attitudes towards virtual shopping channels, providing the literature with a new conceptual model that studies the use of technology by omni-channel consumers. The research hypotheses were established based on the literature review, and a conceptual model was defined. Quantitative research was carried out on an emerging market through the survey technique to verify the relations between the investigated concepts. In total, 307 responses from Millennials and Generation Z members were analyzed using structural equations modeling in SmartPLS. The results show that both channel and consumer characteristics, alongside their media contexts, influence the attitude and willingness to access and use retail channels. To keep up with constantly changing consumer needs, companies are advised to continually analyze the target market and implement any necessary measures. The paper expands the studies investigating the behavior of technology users, enhancing the UTAUT2 model-based literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of new, digital communications technologies and platforms over the past few decades has transformed the way humans relate to one another. In turn, there has been an explosion of scientific research using data on these interactions to better understand how social networks emerge and evolve. Curiously, this agenda has proceeded with little theoretical foundation—typically assuming digital and face-to-face ties operate the same way. The purpose of this article is to interrogate this assumption: I identify when, how, and to what consequence digital networks are similar to and different from other kinds of social networks and thereby attempt to strengthen the available theoretical scaffolding for this important and rapidly growing body of work. • Current theory on network formation and evolution focuses on face-to-face social ties. • This paper begins to develop a theoretical framework for understanding how digital interaction is generated. • Similarities and differences between online and various offline tie-formation mechanisms are explored. • Also explored are entirely new dynamics relevant to digital networks—and implications thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research leverages the potential of digital twin technology to present a novel method of predictive maintenance for 6G communication networks. With the increasing need for 6G networks to be consistently reliable and always available, this essay emphasises the need for more advanced maintenance techniques. The seamless integration of digital twin technology makes it possible to monitor, analyse, and simulate the 6G network in real time. This innovation makes it easier to use artificial intelligence to fine-tune maintenance schedules and anticipate maintenance requirements in advance. The paper fervently promotes the use of digital twin technology as a vital instrument for raising the bar for maintenance requirements in the context of 6G networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern world has brought everyone closer through digital communications. People are highly dependent on digital services. The quest for a more complex coding algorithm to prevent data from breaching is never-ending. The more intricate the algorithm is, the safer the communication will be. So, the vogue is to find the most convoluted algorithm to provide secure communication. In this paper, a unique algorithm is developed using graph labeling, a complement of a graph and generalized complement. The algorithm generates two labeled graphs satisfying vertex even mean and vertex odd mean labelings. Encryption involves the process of complementation and combining both graphs by k-complementation of graphs to obtain a cipher graph. The reverse process is applied for decryption which involves splitting the cipher graph into two subgraphs by applying k-complement for the specified partition of the vertex set, taking the complement of the obtained graph/s and getting the values of the plaintext using the graph labeling method. The proposed algorithm is designed in such a way that it should be useful for all kinds of plaintexts even with special characters. To illustrate this, an app is developed in the Android platform for communication of messages using endto-end encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under Metaverse, security management of communication networks in digital cultural consumption has attracted more and more attention. As we know, security risks of communication networks caused by non-human factors are becoming weaker and weaker due to technology optimization. Meanwhile, players play significant and increasing role in communication networks. Taking mobile games as an example, this paper designed and applied the security management model to improve security management of communication networks in digital cultural consumption under Metaverse. The results show that: (1) The physiological, psychological, pathological, pharmacological, physical and psychosocial factors exert tremendous influence on communication networks. The psychosocial factors are more prominent. (2) There is security threshold in communication networks. It means that the security state can be entered if security threshold is crossed. This paper designs security threshold as the III level (5.5 ≤ P < 6.5). (3) This paper proposes 3E rules (That is, engineering, education, enforcement). It is beneficial to deal with security risks in communication networks. (4) After two security evaluations, the result is G2 = 6.70 > G1 = 5.01. This confirms the effectiveness of the security management model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A time-evolving (or dynamic) social network is a network whose structure may change over time. The observed changes may refer to entities (for example, new members may join or existing members may leave the network) or connections between them (new relationships may be established or existing relationships may be broken). A number of studies have focused on the empirical analysis of time evolving networks to examine their properties. In this paper, the problem of link prediction is considered. It aims at predicting future connections between pairs of unconnected links based on existing current connections. A social network considered in the paper is an organizational social network, meant as a network where nodes represent employees or units of the organization, and edges between nodes represent formal or informal relations or information flow between them. The structure of our network is formed by digital communication between employees. The aim of the paper is to experimentally verify to what extent, if any, the similarity-based methods based on local or global information may support the process of predicting potential new (non-existent yet) connections between employees in a time-evolving organizational social network. Ten similarity methods based on local and global information have been considered and tested. As a result, the best similarity methods (candidates to be considered as good predictors of these future connections), have been suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a study on the use of the online service e-Tax Office (hereinafter e-TO) recently made available by the Polish Ministry of Finance to, inter alia, implement the concept of Polish revenue authorities e-communication with taxpayers. To achieve the objectives assumed, the following research methods were used: multiple case study, literature study, analysis of relevant legal regulations, and own observation method. As a result of the study, it has been found that the e-TO, developed at high expense, did not meet the expectations in any of the cases analyzed, as communication between the Tax Office and the taxpayers in ongoing cases was still carried out in traditional 'paper-based' form; what is more, it was the revenue authorities themselves, who initiated paper-based communication, as opposed to contacting the taxpayer electronically. The study also resulted in an attempt to identify some of the limitations hindering the taxpayer and the tax office e-communication via e-TO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic have strengthened Work from Home and the use of digital communication technologies and digital collaboration. The resulting flexibility in terms of control over time and place of work can support workers in improving their work-life balance. In this paper, we investigate whether workers using digital communication technologies made use of this flexibility and changed the distribution of their work hours across the week and day. To answer this question, we investigate the use of an Enterprise Collaboration System in 2019-2022. Using real-world data, a MS Power BI dashboard was created following the steps suggested by the Social Collaboration Analytics Framework (SCAF). The dashboard shows that the system use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, an expansion of work on weekends and outside of regular working hours can be observed. Although, timely adjustments of use-patterns were highest in the beginning of the pandemic, long-term trends could be observed as well. The results indicate that knowledge workers used digital collaboration technologies to restructure working days, according to their specific personal and business needs while working from home. The paper is a valuable starting point in the context of a long-term interdisciplinary research project on the digitalisation of the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sixth-generation (6G) technology of mobile networks will establish new standards to fulfill unreachable performance requirements by fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. This is due to the high requirements for more intelligent network, ultra-lower latency, extreme network communication speed, and supporting massive number of various connected applications. In the long term, the convergence of various business developments with communication platforms, as initiated by 5G, will exaggerate and highlight areas where 5G's capabilities will fall short of performance requirements. Motivated by the development of applications in massive connections, future networks, developments, and technological advancements for mobile communications that go beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks are being developed. In this context, highly immersive applications are demanded, such as three-dimensional (3D) communications, digital twins, or massive extended reality (XR)/virtual reality (VR) applications, which will need 6G capabilities to be realized at scale to be commercially feasible. Mainly, we anticipate that only the upcoming 6G networks will be capable of running extremely high-performance connectivity with massive numbers of connected devices, even under laborious scenarios such as extreme density, diverse mobility, and energetic environments. In this article, we look at the most recent trends and future emerging trends that are possible to operate 6G network. Paper aims to provide more inclusive and brief review about 6G mobile communication technology in one survey paper. Initially, a comprehensive overview of the 6G system is introduced in terms of visions, drivers, requirements, architecture, and usage scenarios required to enable 6G applications. After that, the opportunities and advantages of 6G mobile technology has been discussed. Further, the promising new techniques that enable 6G technology has been highlighted. This is followed by a potential discussion of challenges and research directions. This article is envisioned to serve as an informative guideline to stimulate interest and further studies for subsequent research and development of 6G networks. Paper will enable the readers to briefly figure out the key requirements, targets, that will be need and the applications, advantages, and opportunities that can be offered as well as the challenges that need to be addressed before the implementation of this new technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address challenges in digital evidence collection and responsibility determination for industrial safety accidents involving industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device nodes, this paper proposes a blockchain-based digital forensic scheme within the IIoT communication architecture. The scheme utilizes a decentralized blockchain storage mechanism to enable remote storage of digital forensic data. Additionally, it leverages smart contract mechanisms to facilitate efficient retrieval and tracing of related evidence chains. To enhance data security of IIoT device nodes, a token mechanism is implemented for access control. Moreover, to meet real-time evidence acquisition requirements in IIoT, an efficient batch consensus mechanism is proposed. Experimental simulations demonstrate the superiority of the novel consensus algorithm compared to the traditional Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPOS) consensus in the proposed scheme for the IIoT environment. It meets speed requirements for evidence collection, ensuring tamper-proof, non-repudiable, and permanent storage of digital forensic data. Consequently, the application of blockchain technology for judicial access and evidence storage has made significant contributions to digital forensics within the IIoT context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve radio access capability, sky connections relying on satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), as well as high-altitude platforms (HAP) will be exploited in 6G wireless communication systems, complementing terrestrial networks. For long-distance communication, a large smart antenna will be used that is characterized by high amounts of power consumed by digital beamformers. This paper focuses on reducing power consumption by relying on a thinned smart antenna (TSA). The performance of TSA is investigated in the sub-6 GHz band. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is used to optimize excitation weights of the individual dipoles in the antenna array and these excitation weights are then used in TSA for beamforming, with signal processing algorithms deployed. The DE technique is used with the least mean square, recursive least square and sample matrix inversion algorithms. The proposed method offers almost the same directivity, simultaneously ensuring lower side lobes (SLL) and reduced power consumption. For a TSA of 20, 31, and 64 dipoles, the power savings are 20%, 19.4%, and 17.2%, respectively. SLL reductions achieved, in turn, vary from 5.2 dB to 8.1 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camera Based Interactive Systems have found their application in various fields of human activity, such as education, industry, entertainment, healthcare, public order, etc. It could be noted that in the characteristics of such a system, certain shortcomings or weaknesses could be highlighted. To reduce these weaknesses, a new model, based on digital communication devices in the wideband radio frequency spectrum is proposed. The technology used is ultrawideband based, through the construction of a wireless sensor network. This paper proposes a model of an ultra-wideband wireless sensor-based interactive system that implements the spatial orientation approach and the precise local positioning approach. A synthesis of the new model comprises four phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital games in the educational process promotes interactivity and de-escalation of tensions, promotes active educational models, and offers new possibilities for communication, collaboration, and learning, giving the possibility of introducing the student with autism in a controlled environment that is predictable and without social stimuli to manage the concerned person's attention and concentration in an activity. This paper aims to present the findings for the use of educational digital games in the field of special education and specifically in the education of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic governance (e-Gov) mechanism and the introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have evolved the working of democratic governments and their interaction with the diverse populace. A technology-driven integrated information, communication, and delivery system steered the West Bengal government and its people toward sustainable transformations and development, to approach United Nations' ten significant SDGs. The balance of socioeconomic development while protecting natural resources for future generations in a fast-changing digital ecosystem is called Electronic Governance for Sustainable Development (e-Gov for SDGs). This academic paper elaborates on an integrated model of e-Governance for sustainability communications with citizens at the grassroots in West Bengal. It explains the nuances of information and communication technologies in a citizen-centric service delivery system through e-Gov units called Bangla Sahayata Kendra (BSKs). The e-Governance model, dependent of technology-driven digital communication system for public service deliveries, showcases a highly intertwined process of sustainable development. BSKs: Are units of e-Governance in West Bengal Provide electronic delivery of informational and transactional services to citizens - by publishing government information, increasing public participation in government decision-making and making government services readily available to citizens. Fulfil UN's Sustainable Goals by providing universal access to public services and connecting different government departments through online interactive communication platform. Building on the intersection of e-Gov, ICT (information, communications and technology) driven digital communications and SDG, the paper examines ten initiatives run through the BSK portal that unifies government systems, sustainability initiatives, and digital communications tools through a single online window. The platform mitigates five significant sustainability challenges: increased inequalities, gender inequality, unsustainable community practices, climate inaction, and poverty. Finally, the paper evaluates the role of information, communication and technology (ICT) systems in e-governance enterprises and its contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, anti-immigrant, racist and nationalist attitudes have become increasingly mainstream, transforming public debates on immigration and immigrants in Europe and beyond. These attitudes and sentiments have been widely disseminated and amplified through digital communication, including commercial social media platforms. To better understand the relationship between racism and digital communication, it is necessary to move beyond media-centric explanations and simplified discussions of online hate speech and platform regulation. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-theoretical approach to digital racism, i.e., racist content produced and circulated online. The paper presents an understanding of digital racism in relation to four perspectives: networked affect, nationalism, masculinity and conspiracy thinking. It takes a relational approach to these theoretical perspectives and discusses how they could be utilized to understand and analytically approach digital racism at the macro, meso and micro levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to stabilize an uncertain scalar switched linear system whose feedback information is transmitted over a digital communication network. The system has a scalar state. That network can only supply a finite data rate to represent the state and suffers from time-varying bounded network delay. Due to the unknown mode switch time and the unknown network delay, mode mismatch between the plant and the controller is unavoidable. By applying reachable set approximation and propagation approaches, this paper quantitatively investigates the effects of mode mismatch and model uncertainty on the system's stability and designs communication and control strategies to guarantee the desired stability. Moreover, it proposes some novel event-triggered sampling strategies, under which the required stabilizing bit rate can be lower than that required by traditional periodic sampling strategies. Simulations are done to verify the obtained results. • Lower stabilizing bit rate: Mode-dependent event-triggering strategies are proposed to save bit rate. • Network delay: Bounded network delay can be tolerated for stability. • Model uncertainty: Even in existence of model uncertainty, the stability can still be guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to stabilize an uncertain scalar switched linear system whose feedback information is transmitted over a digital communication network. The system has a scalar state. That network can only supply a finite data rate to represent the state and suffers from time-varying bounded network delay. Due to the unknown mode switch time and the unknown network delay, mode mismatch between the plant and the controller is unavoidable. By applying reachable set approximation and propagation approaches, this paper quantitatively investigates the effects of mode mismatch and model uncertainty on the system's stability and designs communication and control strategies to guarantee the desired stability. Moreover, it proposes some novel event-triggered sampling strategies, under which the required stabilizing bit rate can be lower than that required by traditional periodic sampling strategies. Simulations are done to verify the obtained results. • Lower stabilizing bit rate: Mode-dependent event-triggering strategies are proposed to save bit rate. • Network delay: Bounded network delay can be tolerated for stability. • Model uncertainty: Even in existence of model uncertainty, the stability can still be guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the correlation between female body image and social media usage, focusing on the impact it has on overall well-being. The popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) has significantly impacted our digital culture, providing options for self-expression, engagement, and communication. However, SNSs also bring certain drawbacks, such as the potential for body dissatisfaction and negative psychological effects. Gap: While previous research has examined the relationship between social media use and body image, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis that specifically focuses on the effects on female well-being. This study aims to fill the gap by providing a comprehensive exploration of the effects of social media use on female body image and its influence on overall well-being. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between social media usage and female body image, specifically focusing on the detrimental effects on well-being and mental health. By analyzing academic papers and research findings, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the intricate relationship between social media, body image, and well-being. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework was used to compile relevant literature. Data from Scopus sources was analyzed using the RStudio 4.2.1-win program. Various factors, such as the publishing year, author details, keywords, and document categories, were considered to identify important patterns and insights. It is recommended that awareness and educational campaigns be developed to promote a healthy body image and address the potential negative consequences of social media use. The analysis significantly contributes to the body of knowledge by offering a thorough examination of the connection between female body image on social media and usage, highlighting the detrimental effects on well-being and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses are reshaping. Business models adapted to today's digital environment, which is dominated by increasingly advanced digital technologies, are emerging. E-business are digitalized businesses, i.e. those that have business processes that are carried out online, on the internet, on the extranet. These businesses are conducted through electronic data exchange. Digitized business includes not only the digital sale and purchase of goods and services, but also other activities related to digital business such as: digital services offered to customers, digital communication with employees, customers and partners. SMEs carry out digitized businesses are increasingly turning to electronic tools to provide them with security against data theft. They are increasingly, used by which companies: electronic signature, digital identity, cyber security. The paper presents a digital business development strategy model, both to transform a classic business into a digitized business (to include as many digital processes as possible), and to develop an already digitized business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of the discipline of digital communication, the topic has acquiredmore attention in the cybersecuritymedium. The Intrusion Detection (ID) system monitors network traffic to detect malicious activities. The paper introduces a novel Feature Selection (FS) approach for ID. Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA)--is a new optimization algorithm; in this method, each agent searches a new region according to the position of the host, which makes the algorithm suffers from getting stuck in local optima and a slow convergence rate. To overcome these problems, this study introduces an improved RSA approach by integrating Cauchy Mutation (CM) into the RSA's structure. Thus, the CM can effectively expand search space and enhance the performance of the RSA. The developed RSA-CM is assessed on five publicly available ID datasets: KDD-CUP99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS2017, and CIC-IDS2018 and two engineering problems. The RSA-CM is compared with the original RSA, and three other state-of-the-art FS methods, namely particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimization, and multi-verse optimizer, and quantitatively is evaluated using fitness value, the number of selected optimum features, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1- score evaluationmeasures. The results reveal that the developed RSA-CMgot better results than the other competitive methods applied for FS on the ID datasets and the examined engineering problems. Moreover, the Friedman test results confirm that RSA-CMhas a significant superiority compared to other methods as an FS method for ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of technology in the workplace augments business operations. It imparts effective customer relations and generally improves business performance. This paper aims to describe technology integration in the workplace. Specifically, it presents the prevalence of technology in the workplace regarding internet connectivity and internet satisfaction, digital platforms implemented, and means of communication used. This paper also presents the significant relationships between technology integration and continent, country's income level, company type, company form, and company size. A total of 5,379 responses were analysed from 36 countries. The Marcial-Launer Digital Trust in the Workplace questionnaire was used. Results show that Wi-Fi is the most utilized connection in all continents. Internet satisfaction yields an overall mean of 3.13. Social networking sites are the most utilized digital platform in the world. Continent, income-level, company type, and company size are significantly related to internet satisfaction, utilization of digital platforms, and means of communication. It is concluded that technology integration varies in different parts of the world, affected by many interrelated factors in the country, the workplace, and the employee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual power plants need to build awareness, transmission and application of information flow model, require multiple levels between virtual power plant, the virtual power plant each participation main body, regulation and control of virtual power plant and quantification of communication information transmission between the main constraints, this paper studies the distributed resources polymerization technology, the modeling and simulation of mechanical and electrical characteristics of virtual power plant communication network transmission characteristics of digital simulation technology, This paper proposes a simulation method of diversified resource aggregation regulation based on virtual group structure. By collecting the electrical characteristic change curve of each distributed unit, and stacking the transmission characteristics of communication network, digital simulation aggregation is carried out to obtain the digital model of cooperative operation and control characteristics of virtual power plant "information flow + energy flow". Through this model will be connected to Matlab/Simulink power system simulation environment for power regulation and operation simulation verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional comparative education methods are highly subjective, and there is a strong individual subjective will in the actual application process, so the research results are relatively subjective. Simultaneously, there are also great controversies in the academic circles about the application of comparative education. The traditional comparative education method is highly subjective, and there is a strong individual subjective will in the process of practical application, so the research results are relatively subjective. At the same time, there are also great disputes about the application of comparative education in academia. In order to overcome the subjectivity of traditional comparative education methods and solve the disputes over the application of comparative education. In the era of intelligent digitalization, computer technology can be used to conduct applied research on contemporary comparative education. In the study of educational methodology, this paper uses digital processing to analyze the three-dimensional space of educational methods, and combines graphic and image analysis to perform intelligent text recognition and semantic analysis. Moreover, this paper combines machine learning for semantic understanding and automatic comparison of educational methods through the system. In addition, this paper combines the actual needs of comparative education to construct the functional structure of the system, and analyzes the performance of the system with experimental research. From the research results, it can be seen that the model constructed in this paper has a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital storytelling is the new form of self-expression that merges modern digital platforms with the traditional sharing of personal or societal narratives. The digital space opens the door for storytellers fostering social dialogues and outreach beyond imagination. The pandemic changed human behaviours, directed new adjustments, and forged digital connections and communications. Smartphones, Tablets, Facebook, Twitter, other social media platforms, and wireless internet connections are the new technologies that have entrenched our culture and our storytelling abilities. Traditional storytellers, however, argue that computer-intervening communications and cyberspaces are incompatible in generating human responses to literary art and folklores. They do not provide a clear picture in the study of folklore yet, and the digital world is not fully equipped to generate, transmit, perform, and archive vernacular culture. However, new media observers explore the vast space of emergent cultural scenes and expressive folklore, finding expressions beyond imagination. As a result, new and digital media has drastically changed peoples learning, sharing, participating, and engaging abilities. People adopt technologies that complement and supplement traditional means of vernacular expression. The digital form of storytelling has thus enhanced traditional forms of storytelling skills compounding it with new technologies such as the text merged with images, sound, video, and even the voice of the creator himself. The interactive genre transcends linear narrative by involving the receiver-user techniques in the textual content. The research paper delves deep into present-day storytelling forms and how the new media increased the engagement of ordinary people making storytelling a participatory experience during the pandemic. The new media has also played a significant role in expanding the boundaries of cultures by the simple use of digital tools. For example, a Sri Lankan singer Yohani's song "Manike Mage Hithe" went viral in India leading to the audience dancing to a tune they did not follow, while an unknown peanut seller's Kachha Badam song from the tribal Bolpur area in West Bengal created an online rage, even among non-Bengali speaking celebrities and led them to move to his tunes. A personal tale of Baba's Dhaba shot by a travel vlogger in east Delhi in June 2021 provided support for an old couple, and collaborative performances by famous artists during the pandemic generated millions for charity. Through a structured qualitative survey of digital celebrities and audiences, the research will exposition the genre theory of storytelling and document stories of social impacts during the pandemic when the digital platforms were the only means of connecting and disseminating stories. This research paper investigates the following three aspects of digital storytelling. • Did digital storytelling serve as an equalizing platform for vernacular cultures and folklores? • Did technological interface disrupt audience responses to folklores? • Did digital storytelling dilute "creativity" by introducing new pathways to literary criticism? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate continues to change, severe weather events continue to increase in both severity and frequency. The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) established storm prediction centers around the country to monitor and produce predictions, warnings, and watches about weather events. However, the NWS relies mostly on local television stations to communicate this information to the public. Although many storm prediction centers have Twitter accounts, residents often turn to local news stations for information on these weather events. In this study we analyzed one year of tweets from a small prediction team as well as tweets from the lead meteorologist twitter accounts from ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC stations. We focused on tweets sent on days that severe weather occurred (N = 17,259). Agenda setting theory served as a lens to examine these results and advance our understanding of weather communication in the digital age. We found that tweets from television meteorologists differed significantly from those of the NWS for clout, analytical thinking, and positive emotional valence. Tweets were also significantly different for authenticity and negative emotional valence, but only when individual stations were compared to the NWS. This paper contributes to small group literature the idea that expert teams, who rely on the media to report their decisions, may have their decisions reported in differing manners based on the motivations of the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health communication is evolving with every passing hour, so are the channels of communication. It is a budding field encompassing 'advancing digital media'. It can be envisioned as a land mine of gold which is yet to be explored. It has emerged as an effervescent and imperative field of study outlining the impact of roles played by human communication as well as digital communication in the arena of health care and health promotion. It is a vital area of research because it investigates the role different channels of communication play through different mediums. With the aim to create behavioural changes in respect to health promotion and health care and improve reach and accessibility. Such communication is inquiry based which begins with identification of the problem, examining the problem and helping in enhancing the quality of the approach towards dealing with the problem. This is an embryonic field involving analysis of various models and techniques of communication particularly digital mediums of communication. It is an interdisciplinary forte involving multiple disciplines that work in close association to bring about a change in the health domain. This paper is a secondary research paper tracing the roots of evolution of digitalisation of health communication. Highlighting the role of digital media in promoting health communication in India. Paper further talks about digitalisation of health communication from where it started, where we stand today and what the future looks like. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communication Technology has led to many recent developments which can be embedded in various designs of engineering laboratories, the idea of virtual laboratory is one of them. Laboratories being the soul of Engineering disciplines put a greater impact on the overall learning experience in the education system. Virtual Laboratories can be cost efficient as these keep capabilities to replace the high-cost hardware device. In this paper we proposed a scheme to implement some of the modulation techniques from the Digital communication namely BPSK, QPSK, QAM and MSK on the FPGA board using MATLAB/Simulink inbuilt System Generator environment and Xilinx ISE 14.2. This paper verifies that the desired system proposed can be implemented on FPGA and the students will be able to develop concrete understanding of subject in simplified manner. Also, this project can be readily extended to other Engineeringsubjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Children in the Republic of Croatia are, as everywhere else in the world, active users of information and communication i.e. digital technologies, which is reflected in their daily habits and routines in the digital environment. The purpose of this paper is to find out if there are gender-based differences in behavior and established habits in the digital environment between boys and girls. Methodology: Quantitative research was carried out using the CAWI method among 400 parents or guardians in the Republic of Croatia who provided answers on (their own) children of primary school age. This paper focuses on the segment of children and their gender, i.e. the existence (or the lack of existence) of differences in the behavior of boys and girls in a digital environment. The statistically significant differences are demonstrated by testing various variables between the two above-mentioned segments. Results: The research results indicate that, on average, girls and boys start to use the Internet at the same age, approximately at the age of 6. However, there are noticeable differences between the sexes in terms of the habits and in the way they use the Internet. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that boys more frequently have desktop computers, laptops, and gaming consoles, and prefer to play online games and spend time in the online world, while girls more often post and publicly share photos, video records, and music. They equally use the Internet on weekdays, but boys spend more time on Internet activities on weekends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about sudden changes in people's lives all across the world. The lockdowns and social distancing norms to curb the transmission of the disease forced people to change their lifestyle - the way they live, work, socialise and communicate with each other. Significant dependence was seen on online and digital communication and the usage of communication technology. The pandemic seemed to suddenly open up the digital world and accelerated trends that earlier were considered to be further away into the future. The world changed and adapted to the demands of the pandemic situation and even tried to instil a sense of normalcy by calling the pandemic ways the 'new normal.' It is interesting to ponder upon, if this was the 'new normal,' then can the times beyond the present, the unforeseen future, be called the 'post abnormal?' This paper attempts to visualise and project an imaginary future termed as the 'post abnormal,' exactly five years from the time that this paper is written, in the context of what kind of role and impact media and communication will have on people's lives in the future at individual and collective levels. To visualise the future, the expected and anticipated trends were studied by going through the media and entertainment outlooks published by various consulting firms and industry trade bodies, research papers, journals, newspapers and magazines on the topic. Focussed group discussions and in-depth one-on-one interviews were done with communications, media and technology veterans. Finally, to visualise the future, this paper took the Uses and Gratifications theory developed by communications researchers, Elihu Katz and Jay Blumler in 1974 as the base framework, and projected what kind of uses and roles media and communication are going to have at micro and macro levels. The paper visualises that in the 'post abnormal' world, Media and Communications play important roles in the society at individual and collective levels. It fulfils needs like cognition and socialisation, it is used as a medium of expression, to divert and relieve stress, to entertain, to create a sense of belongingness and to transmit values among other utilities. However, the content and delivery mechanisms of Media and Communication have changed, with significant emphasis on the usage of Communication-Technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The familiar definition of Communication is "communis", meaning common (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971); "sadharanikaran" identifying common ground/commonality through Dhvani, i.e. meaning formation (Kapadia-Kundu 2015; Kamei and Bagga-Gupta 2021). This definition, however in the post pandemic/post abnormal, requires discussions on what "agent", "network" and "environment" are in the role of communication and media engagement at macro and micro scale. Consequently, the research paper will suggest a set of questions that should prob the definition further in post abnormal communication practices. Taking a Cartesian view of nature with non-anthropocentric approaches, the paper looks at rethinking of epistemological and subject-object models and the mono/multi-dimensional, anthropocentrically-oriented conception of communication practices. As a methodology the research maps the offline and online multimedia communication practices of digital natives enrolled in a graduate program during the COVID -19 pandemic. The paper discusses the possible characteristics of communication in the posthumanism context across the continuum of time and space incorporating the transmedia platforms of the digital age. The posthumanist perspective confronts us with the cognition of entwinement of the non-human and human actors as tools of representation accounted as "weird" (Morton 2015), "chthonic" (Harway 2016), "vibrant" (Bennett 2009). This perspective can be used as an analysing tool in re-examining the diffractive (post) abnormal communication practices and processes which becomes ex-centric, nomadic, personal as well as communal, singular and different. The paper proposes a critical reflection on the ontology with insights on theoretical and empirical approaches to allow a better understanding of post abnormal communication practices with the impact of digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unexpected outbreak of the Corona virus (COVID-19) disrupted schools and universities around the world. Traditional classes were canceled, forcing schools and universities to switch to online learning. While developed countries have already adopted e-learning and online learning into their teaching practices, which made the transition relatively easy during the COVID-19 crisis, other developing countries continue to struggle with problems of electricity and information technology infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the challenges of online learning faced by students and teachers at the Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco. Thus, two anonymous structured Google Forms questionnaires were sent to participants via email. 498 responses were returned from students and 105 from teachers. We use descriptive statistics to better understand the distribution of study participants. The study reveals that the faculty during the lockdown ensured educational continuity and offered a reliable online learning in terms of digital and educational materials. However, technical problems such as the slow speed of the Internet connection, lack of knowledge about the use of information and communication technologies to teach and learn, low motivation of students, were significant challenges to students' and teachers' use of the digital tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are known various methods, used for different reasons, to hide information, especially digital one. Its importance is mostly relevant when we take into account the fact that digital communication, on the internet, is the main form we use nowadays. The reasons come in terms of security and safety, whether we want to keep our data secret, or we have confidential information we need to protect, or maybe we consider its integrity as Copyrights. In the present paper we describe an application that can be used to hide text messages inside images. With Cryptology as the main field, we have used combined algorithms from this domain, namely Cryptography and Steganography "methods", in implementing the application program code. We show in the following how the application may be used to encrypt and decrypt text messages hidden inside a photograph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper addresses the maintenance of a communication network in which mobile agents are connected to their nearest neighbours. While all agents are able to move individually, the geometrical relation to each other changes along their trajectories. The main idea is to develop distributed algorithms which enable the agents to monitor and to switch communications links in real time so that the overall network topology equals a Delaunay triangulation at any time. It is shown which information has to be stored locally by each agent and exchanged among the agents via digital communication. The paper closes with an experimental evaluation of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Club goods are a variety of public goods. They are consumed by individuals with homogeneous preferences who are voluntarily associated in clubs. Club members derive mutual benefit from the collective consumption of club goods, which improves their well-being and therefore enhances social welfare to a certain extent. The private initiative underpins the creation of the classic clubs. Later, the state adopted and implemented club decisions in order to increase the efficiency in the supply and collective consumption of certain private and divisible public goods. Examples of state-regulated clubs are maintaining cleanliness in settlements, supply and consumption of utilities, maintaining the national road network with vignettes and tolls, and others that are analyzed in the paper. The development of digital communications has led to the emergence of thousands of online club formations, including a global one. The final conclusion: with private or government initiatives club activities are expanded, and consumers of club goods grow in number, which in turn increases the level of social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology though, is being deployed in various parts of the world to improve the wireless systems in terms of infrastructure and quality of services, in view of mobile communication history, the 5G may be unable to handle the deluge mobile network traffic of the future digital society. In general, new wireless technologies are introduced every 10 years, and services mature every 20 years, and therefore sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technologies, which have a great potential to impact on the market, are expected to be commercialized around 2030. In order to secure technological leadership in mobile communication, which is an essential infrastructure for everyday life and industrial sites, advanced countries around the world have begun to develop 6G technology. The expected main features of the 6G technology include: providing 10 to 100 times more performance than 5G, maximizing performance by utilizing the terahertz band which was not utilized by existing communication networks before, use artificial intelligence techniques for smart networking, and combining the previously isolated technologies. This paper provides an overview on the profile, advancements, implications, architecture, expected applications, and challenges of the futuristic 6G wireless communication systems described by innovative researchers and major global organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]