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Legumes, including soybeans, are essential for sustainable agriculture. From the perspective of sustainability, this research has been planned with the main purposes of exploring food supply potential, researching alternative production systems, and determining food product quality. A field trial was carried out with three replications in two years (2017, 2018) to investigate the effect of two sowing dates (July 1st, July 15th) as second cropping of five soybean varieties (Arisoy, Ataem, Derby, Safir, S-312) grown as a second crop. Changes in the mineral composition and their relationships were investigated. The results revealed that the sowing date had a statistically significant effect on Fe, Ni, Mo and Mn. The second sowing date (July 15th) increased the content of Ca, Fe, Cu Mn, Ni, Mo while decreasing the Zn and B content. A soybean variety as a factor had a statistically significant effect on the elemental composition of all the investigated minerals except Fe. Changes in the soybean seed mineral content as a result of late sowing are highlighted in this paper. The content of Ca increased in the Ataem and Derby varieties. Zn increased in the Ataem variety. Fe increased in the Ataem, Derby, Safir and S-312 varieties. Ni increased in all the varieties. Cu increased in the Arisoy, Ataem, Derby and Safir varieties. Mo and Mn increased in all the varieties. B increased in the Ataem and S-312 varieties. Interaction of sowing time x variety was statistically significant (p<0.01) for all of the detected minerals except Mn. Relationships between the investigated minerals were significant for Fe and Cu, Fe and Mo, Ni and Mo at the significance level of 1%. According to the results, late sowing caused an increase in the Ca, Fe, Cu Mn, Ni, Mo content. Furthermore, the Arisoy variety had the lowest and the highest content of boron depending on the sowing time. Farming techniques as well as the crop's variety, mineral status and health need to be pun in the focus in order to comply with the sustainability principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to study the possible influence of poplar cultivar and soil on the mechanical properties of plywood produced from 10 cultivars having grown in different soils. For each cultivar, two trees were harvested per station; crosscut into bolts then peeled 1.4 mm thick for one tree and 3 mm thick for the other one: in total, 80 trees were sampled. The veneers were used to make 160 boards using 2 adhesives: polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). These boards were then cut into standardized samples for non-destructive and destructive mechanical tests. The properties of plywood were characterized by measuring their density, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture. The results showed that poplar plywood properties could be influenced by adhesive and veneer thickness. The cultivar and soil effects were never relevant. A tight correlation was found between destructive and non-destructive modulus of elasticity tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we studied the cherry trees crown formation tracking natural improved low volume crown system. The orchard was established in 2010 with 'Ferrovia', 'Adriana' and 'Skeena' cultivars grafted on 'Gisela 6' rootstock (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens), at a planting distance of 4 x 2 m. The trees grow up to 2.5-3 m height, with a trunk of 70-80 cm, then 2 levels of scaffold branches are inserted at intervals of 80-90 cm. In the first level, 3 to 4 branches are arranged uniformly around the axis in spiral at a distance of 8-12 cm between them. Three-sections extend at a height of 80-90 cm from the top or at 150-180 cm from the ground fulfil the medium part of the crown, and the third level is represented only by the garnishing branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting one presently popularized winter wheat cultivar (Zhengmai 9023) and two cultivars (Abo and Fengchan 3) introduced in the 1950s and 1960s in Huang-Huai Plain as test materials, and by using minirhizotron technique, this paper studied the live root length, root diameter distribution, and net root growth rate of the cultivars. Fine roots with a diameter from 0. 05 mm to 0.25 mm occupied the majority of the whole root system, and the fine roots with a diameter less than 0. 5 mm accounted for 98% of the live root length. The average root diameter varied with plant growth, the variation range being 0. 15 -0. 22 mm, and no significant difference was observed among the cultivars. The live root length was significantly positively correlated root number, suggesting that root number was the main factor for the increase of live root length. The most vigorous growth period of the roots was from reviving to jointing stage, and Abo and Fengchan 3 had a longer period increased root vitality, as compared with Zhengmai 9023. For Zhengmai 9023, its fine roots with a diameter more than 0. 1 mm had an increasing proportion after jointing stage, which was helpful for improving plant resistance, root activity, and grain-filling at late growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM) fungi in the rhizosphere soil of different peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa) cultivars grown in Zhaolou Peony Garden of Heze in Shandong Province. A number of parameters describing this community structure, e. g. , spore density, species- and genera composition, species richness, distribution frequency, species diversity indices, and Sorenson' s similarity coefficient, were examined. The species- and genera composition, species richness, and distribution frequency of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil varied with planted peony cultivars. A total of 10 AM fungal species were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of cultivars ' Fengdan' and ' Zhaofen' , 9 species from the rhizosphere soil of ' Wulong pengsheng' and ' Luoyang red' , and 8 species from the rhizosphere soil of ' Hu red' . The spore density was the highest (59 per 50 g soil) in the rhizosphere soil of ' Fengdan' , but the lowest ( 47 per 50 g soil) in the rhizosphere soil of ' Hu red' ; the species diversity index was the highest (1.89) in the rhizosphere soil of ' Zhaofen' , but the lowest (1.71) in the rhizosphere soil of ' Hu red' ; and the mycorrhizal colonization rate was the highest (63. 6% ) in rhizosphere soil of ' Fengdan' and ' Hu red' , but the lowest (52. 7% ) in the rhizosphere soil of ' Wulong pengsheng'. The Sorenson' s similarity coefficient of AM fungal species composition in the rhizosphere soil among the test cultivars ranged from 0. 71 to 0. 95 , being the highest between ' Wulong pengsheng' and ' Fengdan' , and the lowest between ' Luoyang red ' and ' Hu red' . It was concluded that the gene type of peony could change the community structure of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cauliflower is well known in Romania. It is the second most popular culture from cabbage family (after cabbage of course). In this paper work we presented aspects regarding the response that three cauliflower hybrids (Diadom, Stargate, Opal), give in protected culture in Transylvania area conditions. The research took place in the spring of 2009 in a polyethylene film greenhouse. We tried to establish which hybrid is better to use in this conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of drought tolerance of individual genotypes showed the existence of a significant genetic variability within populations / varieties. However, it was found that a mixture of varieties may have a different response on resistance to drought compared with the reaction of varieties that make up. (Sojka, 1984). Rapid regeneration ability of plants that occur after the rain after a long period of drought is often correlated with the ability ridcatā production during droughts and is a character that can be easily determined (Abraham et al., 2004). Given that the focus is increasingly on improving areas of green spaces, to obtain new biological forms - varieties of the main species for turf grasses, with greater resistance to drought may be an increased objective of the research companies producing seed this way. Thus, the present paper, are presented research on drought response testing, a species of grasses, which represents the ideal partner for simple and complex mixtures of grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high bush blueberry breeding program at RIFG Pitesti has been conducted since 1982, having the aim the obtaining new cultivars wall adapted to the Romanian ecological conditions. The main objectives of this program were high yield and quality, extending the ripening season, good plant habit and evenness in ripening for the easy of picking. For inducing the variability, different genetic resources, mainly American high bush blueberry cultivars were involved in a high number of controlled crosses and open hybridizations. Consequently, more than 20.000 off springs in the hybrid selection field and 540 selections in micro trials were evaluated. In 1998 the first new cultivars were released: Azur and Safir, followed by Angusta cv. (in1999)and other 4 new cvs.: Delicia , Simultan (in 2001), Lax and Compact (in 2002). Also, other promising selections have been now under evaluation in the field trial. Of these, E 4/45 and E 3/85 advanced selections are ready to be named. These are high yielding in the first fruiting years (2.15 kg/bush and, 2.31 kg per bush respectively, versus 1.40 kg/bush of the control cv., Bluecrop). The paper deals with the highlighting of some results obtained along the breeding program regarding the crossability of different genitors in simple and reciprocal crosses, the heritability of the main quantitative characters: bush vigour, productivity, berry size and colour within some hybrids families and the new cultivars and advanced selections [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present results of the research made between 2008-2010 on the effectiveness of soil fertilization with organic fertilizers and value cultivars tested, in terms of production. Experiences had been located in the experimental field of Jucu, CJ. We took four cultivation of artichokes in the study: "Unirea", "Violet", "Agrosel 656" and "Chişinău". They were placed in the experimental field of Jucu - Cluj, made in two densities (3.57 pl/sqm and 2.38 pl/sqm) and three levels of fertilization (unfertilized, fertilized with 20 t/ha farmyard manure and 40 t/ha manure in the fall plowing). The sowing was performed manually in the artichokes nests (2-3 seeds/nest). The experience was located in four repetitions of 10 sqm. Biometric measurements were conducted at 10 plants in each plot experimental environments. Harvesting has been done manually with a sickle. Economic efficiency was established by calculating the following economic indicators: production per hectare achieved, value of trading, average price recovery, cost of production, cost per unit of product, taxable profit, net income + grants, rate is expressed as %, net profit + subsidy rate. From the cultivars studied, the highest net profit was obtained in cultivation Unirea (8,976 lei/ha), followed by far by the Purple (6,745 lei/ha). The main driver of profit was due to the production of plant material. From the three agrofunds, the ones fertilized with 40 t / ha manure turned out to be the most economically efficient of all cultivars due to higher production per hectare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onion is one of the most advantageous vegetable species which is cultivated in Romania on large areas, both for its great crops and because it is a culture that can be totally mechanized. At present, referring to the cultivated areas, it is situated on the first place outrunning tomatoes and cabbages which have been placed on the first two places up now. The most important researches refers to the assortment study, nutritious study and to the water study on the phonological phases, the determining of density optimum nutritious space, weed control pathogenic agents and pest control, the complete work mechanization. The paper presents the results of the researches which have carried out the crop results of over 80 t/ha of the best quality. The most performant cultivars have been established by studying both the foreign and native assortment. These cultivars have high productions, with different vegetation periods, some with great resistance to the low temperatures during the winter time. The most performant hybrids have been proved to be: Daytona F1, Vaquero F1, Manas F1, Pandero F1, Sedona F1, Cortland F1, Musica F1, Exacta F1, Leone, Swift, Radar, Briliant, Delicioasa, Diamant. At the same time there have been stated the schemata for culture setting up, for the optimum density in accordance with the cultivar, nutritious and unnecessary water. The greatest products have been obtained at the densities between 800 million plants/ha and 900 million plants/ha; a fertilizer consumption of over 1000 kg/ha, water consumption related to the culture density. Studies concerning the reducing the manual works and the entirely mechanized works have lead to the expense reduction and the benefit rising. The obtained production of over 80 t/ha have assured an income of over 40.000 RON. The expenses on a hectar onion have been at an average 15.000 RON. The benefit of 25.000 RON/ha convinced the farmers to increase the cultivated areas with onions -- proved to be one of the most profitable vegetable species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]