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Due to the importance of the historical context of Dezful City, investigating historic buildings is necessary. But unfortunately, a large part of it is being destroyed. For this reason, it is essential to discover the guidelines and logic behind the architectural design of these buildings to help their reconstruction or restoration. Regrettably, there is no logical information about the components of this context and the reconstructions are usually done according to taste and based on architecture tested or personal preference. Therefore, it is necessary to find a logic behind these critical components that support the whole plan or parts of it in a particular style. The purpose of this research is to discover and find the logic behind the design of this building in the historical context of Dezful. Finding geometrical proportions can significantly help to reconstruct buildings better and more accurately. For this purpose, 30 historical houses of Dezful were randomly selected, and their input information was drawn in 2D form in AutoCAD. Then, the length, width, and height proportions were measured, and the obtained ratios were compared with the golden proportions and dynamic rectangles. This paper studies entrance based on ratios of 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 1.25 and φ (the golden section). The results show that golden proportions and proportions derived from dynamic rectangles are present in the wording of all cases. Moreover, the range of ratios in the plan is from 1.34 to 2, and the content of changes in the section is from 1.22 to 2. The results can help architects, and particularly building owners, to reconstruct based on existing logic by discovering the proportions of the entrances of the houses. It is possible to administer a part of the damaged tissue and estimate its dimensions and sizes because the proportions' completeness can help revive half-destroyed historical buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of Reflective Practice and Team Learning when architecture teams pitch their proposals in a design competition. Pitching proposals is significant to architects because pitching designs in competitions is one of the ways architects procure jobs. Previous researchers used the principles of Reflective Practice to describe how teams design together. This study adds to those works by using the principles of Reflective Practice to describe how teams communicate their design to clients. Additionally, this case study introduces team learning concepts to describe how clients perceive design teams when pitching their proposal. In 2018, we observed six architecture teams pitch their design in an architecture competition, analysed the documents presented, and interviewed the jury. Results revealed that the winning team demonstrated the most Framing, Moving and Evaluating language in their pitch. They were also perceived to have demonstrated the most team learning behaviours amongst all the competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global increase in building cooling demands poses a challenge for designers striving for net zero energy consumption. The prevalent use of mechanical cooling underscores the necessity for designers to consider Ventilative Cooling as a viable alternative in the early stages of building design. This paper presents findings from an exploratory survey and semi-structured interviews of industry experts in Ireland and the United Kingdom about their design processes and experienced-based approaches to designing Ventilative Cooling. The findings suggest that the pre-design stage has the same influence for promoting ventilative cooling strategies as the schematic and detailed design stages for practitioners, yet limited impactful decision making occurs at this stage. Over 70 % of the survey respondents reported satisfaction with current Ventilative Cooling tools used in building design. Only 8 % of architects use a ventilative cooling tool, while engineers always do, showing that separate design advice is needed for architects and engineers. The interview findings indicate that early-stage design interventions for Ventilative Cooling can be improved if there was more empirical evidence of how strategies perform available as design guidance in ventilative cooling design guidelines. Additionally, engineers highlighted that post-occupancy evaluation and site monitoring of existing buildings are crucial stages of further research that can identify the effectiveness of Ventilative Cooling design decisions. In their building designs, the practitioners reported a need for preparedness to assess resilience to extreme future climate events such as heat waves. Effective communication between industry and academic research can help improve the built environment industry's future readiness. • The interplay between the building design processes of Architects and Engineers was assessed • The pre-design stage has the same influence for promoting ventilative cooling strategies as the schematic and detailed design stages for practitioners, yet limited impactful decision making occurs at this stage • 73 % of the practitioners reported satisfaction with the current Ventilative Cooling design tools available in the market • Only 8 % of architects use software for ventilative cooling decisions, while engineers always do showing different design guidance needed for engineers and architects • A lack of understanding of vulnerability of building designs to overheating risk, client awareness and limited early stage design guidance were key reported challenges in VC design • 79 % of building design professionals not prepared for extreme future climate events in their designs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with two collections in the Náprstek Museum, the collection of M. R. Štefánik, a Slovak politician, soldier and astronomer, who visited Japan in 1919, and the collection of Bedřich Feuerstein, Czech architect, who lived in Japan in 1926--1930. These collections, similar in size and in the time of creation, reflect different reasons for obtaining the objects. Both collections are only a small part of the objects originally belonging to Štefánik and Feuerstein, and had been unpublished for long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immersive technologies are not only gaining popularity in various fields but are also heralded as the obvious next step in architectural practice. Now that almost five years have passed since the release of more accurate and affordable headsets, a review focusing on immersive technology applications in the architectural field is needed to reflect the current fields investigated. This systematic literature review discusses the sample used in the 201 selected studies about immersive technologies published from 2015 to 2019. The study identifies gaps in the current literature. The results highlight that professional architects are almost never queried in searches conducted over the past five years in the selected database. It unveils the necessity to take into consideration the context of studies in order to develop tools truly dedicated to the real practices of professional architects. This paper constitutes a reference for further researches by facilitating their contextualization within the research landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Heritage areas fall under many urban pressures, due to the disparity between its old physical structures and their inhabitants' needs. However, heritage assets represent the main potential for such areas to achieve urban development. Architects play a pivotal role in materializing these potentials, through their role and practices, which serve as the cornerstone of the development process. This paper outlines a framework for architects' intervention, in order to attain the prospects and improvements of a sustainable community development, and achieve the goals of revitalization in heritage areas. To achieve its goals, this paper investigates three aspects of architect's intervention in heritage areas: Physical, Economic and Social Revitalization. In addition to these aspects, the framework covers the practices and indicators followed by architects to achieve sustainable community development. Finally, the applicability of this framework is investigated using the outcomes of the heritage conservation and community development project initiated by "Friends of Historical and Public Gardens Society" (FHPGS) in (Al-Darb Al-Ahmar district, Historic Cairo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many, our climate emergency is real. The evidence is all around us and no longer the subject of any serious debate. Architects ⁣are often seen as 'first responders' in this crisis - reacting to fires and leaning into increasingly violent weather to understand their origin so that we can deliver a safer and resilient built environment for those we continue to serve. Our response to this crisis? In a word: Sustainability. No longer a buzzword or clever term-of-art, sustainability is, for many, both religion and a dogma that has emerged as the single most important driver in how we will educate and train the next generation of architects. But what of this 'religion'? This dogma. Is it the root of yet another blind faith? Or is it perhaps the beginning of a new chapter - a new testament, if you will - upon which we, as architects, will lead a return to first-principles in sustainable design and re-affirm the architect as responsible steward of our built environment. This paper will look briefly at the evolution of the design profession and the emergence of the accredited professional in sustainable design, then use case studies to demonstrate the limitations associated with point-driven sustainable design before arguing for a return to first principles in how we educate and train the next generation of architects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Musical Chilena is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The design process is a mysterious problem solving activity which is full of hidden cognitive processes. Investigating the design behaviour of expert architects may demystify the hidden aspects in the design cognition. Accordingly, the paper emphasizes that more thinking aloud sessions with expert architects can give the opportunity to investigate the design behaviour towards the design briefs and constraints. Therefore, the protocol analysis is used as the research method to investigate the two architectural design approaches of the pioneering Scottish Architect Paul Stallan. The analysis of the two design processes presents significant differences in the design methodology of the two different design approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The configuration of urban projects using Information and Communication Technologies is an essential aspect in the education of future architects. Students must know the technologies that will facilitate their academic and professional development, as well as anticipating the needs of the citizens and the requirements of their designs. In this paper, a data mining approach was used to outline the strategic requirements for an urban design project in an architecture course using a Project-Based Learning strategy. Informal data related to an award-winning public space (Gillett Square in London, UK) was retrieved from two social networks (Flickr and Twitter), and from its official website. The analysis focused on semantic, temporal and spatial patterns, aspects generally overlooked in traditional approaches. Text-mining techniques were used to relate semantic and temporal data, focusing on seasonal and weekly (work-leisure) cycles, and the geographic patterns were extracted both from geotagged pictures and by geocoding user locations. The results showed that it is possible to obtain and extract valuable data and information in order to determine the different uses and architectural requirements of an urban space, but such data and information can be challenging to retrieve, structure, analyze and visualize. The main goal of the paper is to outline a strategy and present a visualization of the results, in a way designed to be attractive and informative for both students and professionals – even without a technical background – so the conducted analysis may be reproducible in other urban data contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the quality of designs generated by shape grammar systems with designs created by professional architects. It describes an experiment in which evaluators ranked the quality of preliminary designs for refurbishing Lisbon's rabo-de-bacalhau apartments. The result showed that the design quality of the grammar solutions for the task was similar to that of the designs by professional architects. Thus, this paper argues that shape grammars can be used as stand-alone design systems in architecture. The practical value is that shape grammar systems become alternative means of taking up design challenges that currently require too much effort by architects to be economically feasible, such as refurbishing all of Lisbon's rabo-de-bacalhau apartments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern architecture in Soviet Lithuania (1944-1990) is outstanding in the context of former Soviet Union. İt is distinguished for its contextual approach, link with the local tradition and regard to the natural environment. The paper discusses the premises under which modern Lithuania architecture was founded after World War II. The study is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with the most influential architects, active at that time. The paper reveals: how the architects active at that time understand the phenomenon of architecture; their basic principles of architectural design; and the position of an architect in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses patterns' progress and their presence in architecture throughout the 20th century until today, traveling through its controversial opinions and identifying its meaning and importance. Through descriptive and critical analysis approaches, patterns' roles in contemporary architecture and the meanings they hold and deliver to the public are criticized. Finally, a critical review of how architects are dealing with patterns nowadays is carried out, discussing the effect of patterns on the quality of creativity in the architectural practice and the messages it delivers accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept is on the most important and primary elements during the design process. Through the history, nature has been always a source of inspiration for the human begin in different aspects of their life. Architecture interiors as one of the remarkable features in every society cannot be separated from nature. Nowadays architects and interior designers are constructing buildings without having a specific target or goal which decreases the value of the buildings. Various designers have been using concepts inspired from nature but still there are some missing parts in one of their forms, function, or structure. Therefore, the best solution for the architects and designers to increase the optimization in their design works is looking at the nature in every aspect deeper and try to apply them in their conceptual design of their project which is the heart of the design process while other architects have neglected concepts of nature despite that the surrounding environment and nature always influences human perception. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between nature and human perception and the role that nature plays in architectural interiors to achieve buildings integrated with the surrounding environment. Also it draws attention of architects to nature and inspiration from nature in different perspectives. This paper presents projects having different concepts in architectural and interior design to make guidelines for designing buildings integrated with nature through example analysis. This paper concludes the importance of making a complete integration between the building exterior, interior and the surrounding nature by using a clear natural concept from the surrounding environment to be solving the design problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História is the property of Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Architects, engineers and contractors have been working with data for ages. What is new are the myriad ways they have to capture, analyze and apply the data that has been made readily available. Some practitioners and their organizations have balked at adding data to their repertoire, citing that they are unprepared to deal with data on top of everything else they have to contend with, including new technologies, work-processes and workflows. Data-centric organizations, on the other hand, have come to realize that capturing, engaging with, analyzing, and applying sustainability data in their projects is not “one more thing,” and have learned that to have the greatest impact, data cannot be added on top of an organization's on-going practices, but rather integrated into their pre-existing mind-sets and processes. This paper explores firms’ approaches and relationships to data, determining whether organizations are data-enabled, data-informed or data driven, or a hybrid, and how their approach can have an enormous influence on outcomes, especially where they pertain to sustainability. Likewise, many organizations remain document-centric, and are missing out on opportunities and greater gains that come with becoming data-centric. Innovative tools and insights to make the most of the data are already readily available. What has been missing, up until now, is an understanding of how others – academics and industry practitioners – are innovating behind the scenes to exploit these resources to great impact. Big data and predictive analytics are currently being leveraged across the globe to address wicked – complex and poorly defined – problems endemic of design and construction in the 21st century. Innovative results in leveraging data throughout the building lifecycle are a result of original research for a new book, “Data Driven Design and Construction: Strategies for Capturing, Analyzing and Applying Building Data,” (John Wiley & Sons, 2015.) Methods of Research: Because data driven design impacts so many facets of the building lifecycle, the research for this paper attempted to be as inclusive as possible. Using practice-based research and in-depth interviews with industry and academic leaders, the author relied on many sources, including first-hand interviews with 40 thought leaders in industry and education in the AECO industry who work day-to-day with data; with firm leaders and other industry executives at companies that range in size from sole proprietorships to large multinational organizations. The interviewee's responses were recorded, transcribed by the author, and condensed for publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Co-herencia is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a cognitive study that evaluates design creativity in parametric design environments, in relation to more conventional geometric modelling environments. The study correlates the results of design outcome evaluations and design process analysis. To achieve this comparison, a combined method of jury evaluation and protocol analysis is adopted. Firstly, eight professional architects were asked to complete two architectural design tasks with similar complexity, respectively in a parametric design environment and a geometric modelling environment. Following the design experiment, 19 experts were then invited to evaluate the design outcomes produced by designers using pre-defined criteria focusing on design creativity. The creativity evaluation criteria address concerns related to innovation, usefulness, and unexpectedness. Outcomes of the evaluation and comparison are correlated to findings of a series of protocol studies on related parametric design processes. Results of this study suggest that parametric design potentially enhances overall design creativity from various perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains how an interdisciplinary study, examined and faced under different points of view (geologists, architects and restorers), can be very useful in planning and performing the apt conservation measures of a monument. As an example, the restoration case of Villa Cerami balustrade (Sicily, Catania) is reported here. This approach, applied preliminarily to the restoration, allowed identifying the materials, the type and the causes of degradation, as well as to plan and perform the necessary conservation measures. The study was planned in three steps: i) anamnesis-prediagnosis (historical analysis; geometric survey; 3D survey; analysis of degradation type; degradation maps; static verification); ii) diagnosis (investigation project and diagnostic analysis); iii) therapy (material restoration; swott analysis, intervention mode and architectural project to fill up the missing parts). Static verification was performed in order to choose whether to save or replace some of the most degraded balusters; during this step, the 3D survey allowed a more accurate assessment of the structural risk. The mineralogical composition and the petrographic features of the constituent materials were determined by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy, respectively. In order to investigate possible changes in the stone material properties due to degradation, a physical characterization using the distribution of pore access size and pore volume was performed with mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). The material knowledge of its degradation state allowed to choose also the protective product by means of a compatibility test (UNI 10921:2001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technological and societal developments have entailed changes within the building sector; including building trades becomingacademically based, and the introduction of new building materials, new concepts and ICT-based designsand communication, traditional methods and organizations are being put under pressure. Thus, the two central actors involved inarchitectural competitions, architects and building clients, are continually influenced by such developments, interpreting and adaptingto changes according to their interests and horizons. During a project reviewing Nordic research literature on architecturalcompetitions, a series of interviews was conducted with building clients as well as architects, focusing on the impact of the above-mentioned changes within the building sector on architectural competitions as an institution. In the interviews, ICT and notleast BIM was a recurring theme that both parties saw as having a positive impact on competitions. But when looking closely into the answers, these revealed diverse understandings of how and why the impact of BIM on competitions could be said to be positive. The paper sheds light on the interaction between the actors (building clients, architects and client consultants) and the applied technologies (competition forms, ICT tools, directives) in architectural competitions in a theoretical actor-network perspective. The diverging understandings of the role of BIM are demonstrating one of many negotiations in progress in the network of architectural competitions. BIM is transformed from an inscription device visually representing the competition proposals to form an actant that challenges the very concept of architectural competition. The objective of the paper is to contribute to theunderstanding of BIM used in the kind of network that an architectural competition constitutes, and thereby give professionalactors a possibility to act on the basis of a wider understanding of interrelations mediated by BIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians and critics argue that a key characteristic of late twentieth century Australian regionalist architecture is the close visual connection it creates between the interior and the landscape. While various design properties are allegedly responsible for this connection, one of the most tangible of these is associated with the use of transparent and layered elements in a building's façade. Indeed, as exemplified in the work of Glenn Murcutt, the importance of façade transparency is a recurring theme in Australian architecture. But is it really that significant? In this paper, computational fractal analysis is used to measure the difference between the visual complexity of opaque and transparent depictions of façades. By comparing these two façade conditions, first in sets of elevations derived from 10 of Murcutt's houses and then in a detailed review of one of Murcutt's most iconic works, the Marie-Short House, this paper calculates the visual impact of transparency on the characteristic complexity of Murcutt's architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Environmental Research, Engineering & Management / Aplinkos Tyrimai, Inžinerija ir Vadyba is the property of Institute of Environmental Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is about the history of Norfolk & Prior, a firm of architects & surveyors based in Lewisham 1893-1923, and their role in that area’s house building boom of the time. The case study helps to shed more light on a crossover occupation that played a key role in the planning and design of London's speculative housing in this period. The first section touches on the business history and biography of the two main partners, Stanley Prior and Edward Stone. Stone was responsible for the architectural work of the firm, so his education is then discussed in more detail. Subsequent sections examine Norfolk & Prior’s work for several local house builders. The paper concludes by summarizing the role of Norfolk & Prior as designers of speculative housing and placing it in the wider context of a process of professionalization in architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does professional practice adjust to changes in housing provision during systemic transformation? How does it respond to state-initiated vocational restructuring following economic liberalization, sociopolitical upheaval, geopolitical changes, and territorial expansion? This paper discusses the reshaping of professional architectural practice and discourse in Israel since the 1970s, focusing on the implementation of the Build Your Own Home (BYOH) project, a housing strategy that marked a turning point in attuning public housing to the neoliberal transformation of the nation-state. Based on analysis of policy documents, official reports, and publications in local architectural journals since the mid-1980s, this paper follows the developing professional discourse of BYOH as a means of establishing professional autonomy in the face of state transformation. It links this discourse to transformations in housing production and the distribution of economic powers since the 1970s. Critical discourse analysis suggests the architecture profession has experienced a legitimacy crisis since then. This paper exposes the simultaneous application of involvement and distinction strategies used by the profession to maintain its legitimacy and authority. The analysis suggests a redefinition of professional knowledge and a recalibration of housing as a professional category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anthropology Magazine is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relative to other industries in South Africa and construction industries worldwide, the construction process generates a disproportionate number of fatalities, injuries. Further, the industry is associated with disease, the direct and indirect cost of which contributes to the cumulative cost of construction. Designers influence construction ergonomics directly and indirectly. The direct influence is as a result of design, details and method of fixing, and depending upon the type of procurement system, supervisory and administrative interventions. The indirect influence is as a result of the type of procurement system used, pre-qualification, project time, partnering and the facilitating of pre-planning. The purpose of the paper was to present the results of studies conducted among architectural practices and architectural technologists in South Africa to determine their perceptions and practices relative to construction ergonomics. The following constitute the salient findings: Cost, quality, and time are more important to architectural practices and architectural technologists than construction ergonomics and project health and safety (H&S). Ergonomics during the use phase is more important to architectural practices and architectural technologists than the other phases. A range of design related aspects impact on construction ergonomics. Construction ergonomics is considered / referred to more by architectural practices than architectural technologists relative to most design, procurement and construction occasions and relative to most design related aspects. Experience predominates in terms of the means by which ergonomics knowledge was acquired. A range of aspects have the potential to contribute to an improvement in knowledge and the application of construction ergonomics. The paper concludes that architects and architectural technologists contribute to construction ergonomics, but there is potential for, and a clear need for, enhanced contributions. Recommendations include the inclusion of construction ergonomics in architectural and architectural technologist tertiary education and continuing professional development (CPD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to highlight quantitatively the growth and development of wodd literature on Bhabha Scattering in terms of publication output as per Intamational Nuclear Information System (INIS) (1970-2008), Science Citation Index (1982-2008), and INSPEC (1969-2008) databases. During 1969-2008 a total of 1305 papers were published by the scientists in the field Bhabha Scattering. The average number of papers published per year was 32.62. The highest numbers of papers 66, were published in 1988 and 1997, respectively. There were 47 countries involved in the research in this field. Germany is the top producing country with 421 papers followed by USA with 420 papers, Italy with 293 papers, and Switzerland with 263 papers. Authorship and collaboration trends were towards multi-authored papers. There were 888 (68.05 per cent) collaborative papers. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy, topped the list with 256 papers followed by European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland, with 243 papers. The most preferred journals by the scientists were: Physics Lettars-B with 188 papers, Nuclear Physics-B with 91 papers, and Physical Review-D with 90 papers. The high frequency keywords were: Bhabha scattering (731), radiative corrections (215), annihilation (214), electrons (208), positrons (205), and pair production (202) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and analyzes a sample of recent Kuwaiti buildings for the purpose of determining their ‘regional fit’ in regard to values, design concepts, traditions, climate, and site conditions of the Arabian Gulf Region. Kuwait was selected for the study as the preponderance of its major buildings were designed by internationally known architectural firms directly solicited by the national government's Architectural and Planning Oversight Committee. Since most of the design commissions were awarded in the first two or three decades of the country's independence, their selection directly challenged the foundation of Arab regionalism, severely impacting the work of local architects who sought physical and cultural linkages for their design concepts. Thus, this search for architectural ‘design merit’ manifests a piece of the current struggle between regionalism and globalization in shaping an Arab/Islamic environment. Through a careful analysis of design considerations — e.g., forms, concepts, materials, detailing, and expression of cultural/religious values — this study attempts to demonstrate ways in which a few of the buildings sampled might possibly reflect a new direction of critical regionalism in architectural practice in Kuwait. In its development, the paper discusses the concept of Arab regionalism, briefly reviews the history of planning and architecture in Kuwait, examines the process by which early commissions were awarded, and notes the direct role that architecture has had in providing a new image for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adaptive reuse has emerged as an important strategy in the conservation and preservation of post-industrial buildings and landscapes. The history of the Engenho Central de Piracicaba, a former sugar factory and refinery that operated from 1881 to 1974, provides an example of the complex issues involved in adaptive reuse. Since the 1980s the site and its fate have been the subject of political controversies and stewardship debates, resulting in several rehabilitation plans by renowned Brazilian architects. Among the most recent developments have been a theatre, which opened in 2012, and a Museum of Sugar, currently under construction. Through an examination of specific design approaches suggested for the rehabilitation of the Engenho Central, this paper addresses the consequences of the disappearance of industrial buildings in general and examines the role played by architects and planners in defining the contribution of industrial heritage to contemporary (and future) urban identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's construction industry is overflowing with new ideas about its future. Off-Site Manufacture and Construction (OSCM) is at the heart of the modern construction industry. Much has been written about the state and context of OSCM in different countries regarding its perceived benefits and barriers to implementation. Off-site production (OSP) plays an important role in improving fragmented construction processes. Although most OSP research targets the attitudes and practices of OSP adoption, there is limited understanding of the philosophical issues underpinning OSP-related architecture. The roles of the architects' personal philosophies are neglected and this hampers their implementation of OSM (which has had a largely technical focus). This paper explores the traditional thinking patterns of architects in China and predicts possible future roles for them. It then conceptualizes an "architectural work" mode and a "building product" mode of design and construction and identifies the shortcomings of architects in an OSCM environment. The arguments made are based on practitioners' perceptions and the first author's practical experiences of leading several real-life projects in recent years. The findings reveal the implications and significance of the transformation from an "architectural work" mode to a "building product" mode. We foresee a study approach that focuses on the order and rules for OSCM, resulting in architects' existing mindsets being changed to thinking patterns and design methodologies better suited to OSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architects are confronted with the priority of the early integration of natural smoke ventilation (NSV) and natural thermal ventilation (NTV) objectives in retail building designs due to several reasons including wide range of expertise and lack of fire safety knowledge. This paper presents the perception of fire engineers (FE) and building service engineers (BSE) regarding the conceptual priorities of the early integration for particular design decisions. This was achieved through surveying FE and BSE and conducting an analytical study using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. An experts’ panel was held for each profession for confirmation. The results showed that FE and BSE have agreed on the most and least crucial design decisions that should/shouldn’t require integration of NSV and NTV objectives in the early stages of the architectural design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper charts how architects, conservative businessmen and conservative politicians helped develop Melbourne's interwar garden suburbs. It maps the ways in which architects transformed these suburban landscapes into highly charged political symbols that supported the values of the conservative Nationalist, United Australia and Liberal parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]