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In the course of 2020-2023, the Centro Studi Piemontesi renewed its commitment to the preservation and promotion of the memory of the history and culture of Piedmont and the ancient Savoy States, both through the targeted purchase of a number of documentary sources available on the antiquarian market, and through the donation of various private documentary collections, accepted with the commitment of taking care of their reorganization, inventorying and utilization. Among the purchases are two letters written by Count Gian Francesco Galeani Napione di Cocconato (1748- 1830) in 1807 and the Catalogo de’ Cavalieri dell’Ordine della Santissima Annunziata drawn up by Giovanni Toja in 1779. The donations include: the valuable series of diplomatic honours given by the heirs of Manlio Brosio (1897-1980), linked to his activities as a minister in the Bonomi, Parri and De Gasperi governments, as an Italian diplomat and as Secretary General of NATO from 1 August 1964 to 1 October 1971; the documentary fonds on journalist and academic Francesco Pastonchi (1874-1953), donated by Count Piero Gondolo della Riva; the war and captivity diary written by Alessandro Forchino during his time as a fighter in World War I, donated by his daughter Gabriella and published by Centro Studi Piemontesi; and the documentary fund on the Vitelli and Losa families, of particular interest for the industrial history of Piedmont. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In Lao PDR, a least developed country in South-East Asia, provision of electricity to remote areas is a high priority for the Government, which has the objective of electrifying 90% of the population (in terms of number of households) by the year 2020. While this objective is commendable and tremendous progress has been made over the past 10 years in terms of rural electrification, some important questions remain unanswered. Currently, grid extension is the main technical option considered. One of the main reasons for this push for grid extension is the assumption that access to the grid means development. However, when analysed closely, the reality from the field is far more complex. Although grid electricity has tremendous potential to provide economic development opportunities in rural areas, it also has some drawbacks. In particular, productive activities fail to develop in many grid connected villages where the demand for electricity remains low even after a few years after having been grid electrified. This paper argues that alternative options to grid extension, e.g. off-grid decentralised renewable energy (DRE), exist, are often more attractive financially and could be promoted more effectively. These technologies can be cheaper than grid extension, even on a like-for-like comparison. 2 [2] Comparing the cost of each option supplying the same amount of electricity (in kWh). DRE technologies also provide opportunities for development, even without driving large productive loads. These opportunities are presented in terms of 1) the flexibility of needs that DRE technologies can satisfy, 2) empowerment of rural communities and 3) decentralised decision making processes. So far, the promotion of DRE in Laos has not always been successful, but this should not be an argument against promoting these options. A close look at recent rural electrification project budgets reveals indeed that grid extension is far more subsidised than DRE, raising concerns about the social equity of such projects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries is a yearly forum addressing global shortages of radiology that contribute to health care disparity. In this paper, the authors present key issues and consensus positions related to the planning, analyzing, implementing, and monitoring of radiology in limited-resource areas on the basis of presentations at the 2012 RAD-AID conference, to advocate for (1) economic development to build health care capacity, (2) multidisciplinary educational strategies, (3) innovative epidemiologic and infrastructural solutions tailored to community needs, (4) advanced technical solutions leveraging the widespread use of wireless telecommunications and phone-based portable devices, and (5) improved dialog across radiology and public health institutions for coordinating global health strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The 2011 RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries discussed data, experiences, and models pertaining to radiology in the developing world, where widespread shortages of imaging services significantly reduce health care quality and increase health care disparities. This white paper from the 2011 RAD-AID conference represents consensus advocacy of multidisciplinary strategies to improve the planning, accessibility, and quality of imaging services in the developing world. Conference presenters and participants discussed numerous solutions to imaging and health care disparities, including (1) economic development for radiologic service planning, (2) public health mechanisms to address disease and prevention at the population and community levels, (3) comparative clinical models to implement various clinical and workflow strategies adapted to unique developing world community contexts, (4) education to improve training and optimize service quality, and (5) technology innovation to bring new technical capabilities to limited-resource regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recent development saw concerted efforts by emerging countries to transform their industrial-based economy to post-industrial knowledge-based economy. The growth of science and technology is necessary to support this economic transformation strategy. Based on the concept of functionality development of a growth model, this study attempts to analyze the dynamism and sustainability of growth in science and technology of selected Asian emerging economies. Using the number of published papers and patents as proxies, bi-logistic growth functions were fitted to examine the prolongation ability of science and technology, and the time at which each functionality development emerges. The perspective of a paradigm shift from industrial to knowledge-based economic development is taken into consideration in the analysis. The estimated prolongation ability of the newly industrialized economies (NIEs) including South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore suggests significant transformation of their innovation system that led to a higher degree of functionality, while developing economies such as China, Malaysia and Thailand show no significant change over the years. The results suggest that the NIEs have succeeded in developing new growth trajectories that are beneficial for the transformation towards a knowledge-based economy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Canadian Association of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (CALACS)) is the property of Canadian Association of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (CALACS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries was an assembly of individuals and organizations interested in improving access to medical imaging services in developing countries where the availability of radiology has been inadequate for both patient care and public health programs. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss data, experiences, and models pertaining to radiology in the developing world and to evaluate potential opportunities for future collaboration. Conference participants included radiologists, technologists, faculty members of academic medical institutions, and leadership of nongovernmental organizations involved in international health care and social entrepreneurship. Four main themes from the conference are presented in this white paper as important factors for the implementation and optimization of radiology in the developing world: (1) ensuring the economic sustainability of radiologic services through financial and administrative training support of health care personnel; (2) designing, testing, and deploying clinical strategies adapted for regions with limited resources; (3) structuring and improving the role of American radiology residents interested in global health service projects; and (4) implementing information technology models to support digital imaging in the developing world. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The 2010 RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries was a multidisciplinary meeting to discuss data, experiences, and models pertaining to radiology in the developing world, where widespread shortages of imaging services reduce health care quality. The theme of this year''s conference was sustainability, with a focus on establishing and maintaining imaging services in resource-limited regions. Conference presenters and participants identified 4 important components of sustainability: (1) sustainable financing models for radiology development, (2) integration of radiology and public health, (3) sustainable clinical models and technology solutions for resource-limited regions, and (4) education and training of both developing and developed world health care personnel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the current export potential of Kazakhstan, highlight its shortcomings, and implement solutions that will help to avoid them, form the poles of economic development, as well as explore ways to develop and improve them. This paper is aimed at the study of the economy of the border territories of Kazakhstan, it used the method of logical analysis, the method of comparative analysis, the method of analysis of scientific literature, the method of synthesis, the method of deduction, as well as the economic and statistical method. The result of this work is the definition and development of the theoretical and practical foundations of the activities of border territories, their impact on the economy of this region, as well as the creation of an algorithm and methods for the development of the poles of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change due to increasing CO2 emissions threatens the development and survival of many countries, especially those on the coast. Intentional government spending by sectors can lower CO2 emissions to help these countries in sustainable development. Meanwhile, governance has some importance in enabling governments to achieve their economic development goals. Does governance affect the public spending - CO2 emissions nexus in developing economies? The paper seeks answers by employing the system GMM Arellano-Bond estimators to assess the impact of public spending, governance/institutional quality, and their interaction on CO2 emissions for a sample of 109 developing economies between 2002 and 2021. The results seem counter-intuitive that public spending reduces and governance increases CO2 emissions, while their interaction lowers them. Furthermore, private investment and economic growth promote CO2 emissions, while trade openness decreases them. The findings in this paper provide some policy lessons for governments of developing economies to protect environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economists since Adam Smith have recognized the contribution of innovation to profitability and growth. The relationship between corporate research and development and subsequent sales growth, both across and within industries, has been examined by many authors. Results have been varied showing at best no more than the suggestion of a causal relationship between research and development input and growth. These results are reviewed together with the various theories which have been developed in an attempt to explain the connection between technical innovation and growth. Starting with an exami nation of various national economies, the rate of commercial research and development expenditure has been compared to the rate of national growth. A number of industries in the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and the United States of America were also examined, taking the automotive industry as a particular case. In addition to using published data a survey of smaller vehicle manu-facturers in the United Kingdom was conducted. Although positive correlation was found at an international and industry level, no association between research and development expenditure and sales growth was found at a company or project level in the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the argument that greater equality in the distribution of costs and rewards of development is demanded by the value system of the Filipino and by the development process itself. Important steps toward equality would be agrarian reform, educational reform, and tax reform. For these to be carried out there is need for organized pressure from below. There is need also for strong and efficient government, whether it will in the long run be democratic depends on the attention given to genuine education and human development at the broad base of society. The aspirations of the great majority of the people for a higher standard of material welfare are evident and reflected in many surveys. Per capita income figures demonstrate that the Philippines is a poor nation and that a reasonable level of material welfare cannot be provided by redistribution alone Economic development and accelerated economic development are absolutely necessary if the Philippines is to meet the rising demands of its constantly increasing population.

Purpose: The present paper aims to capture the evolution of digital transformation in the sectors of the Greek economy, on the one hand. On the other hand, it investigates the existence of causal relationships between the extroversion of sectors of the economy towards foreign trade. Methodology: Methodologically, by applying secondary research in international databases, indicators of digital transformation are extracted and certain indicators of the extroversion of the Greek economy are determined. By applying the method of multiple regression, linear correlation relationships between the examined variables are investigated. Findings: The findings of the survey include: the improvement of the digital ranking of the Greek economy; and the improvement of extroversion in all sectors of the Greek economy, with stronger improvement in the sector of industrial products. Regarding the correlation between extroversion and digital maturity, indications emerge suggesting that digital transformation in the public sector can contribute to the development of foreign trade. Originality: The contribution of this paper in terms of its originality lies in the fact that it fills the literature gap in the investigation of causal relationships between digitization and the extroversion of commercial sectors. Research limitations: The limitations to this survey are the lack of data on digital transformation by economic sector for each EU Member State, which occurs from the structural features of the index, and the time horizon of the sample, as the calculation of the indicator by the EU was introduced very recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's New Energy Vehicle (NEV) industry has entered an accelerated development stage, with the technology innovation efficiency becoming an essential factor affecting the speed of its development. Therefore, to explore ways to improve the efficiency of technology innovation, this paper divides the technology innovation process into two stages: the research and development (R&D) stage and the commercialization stage. This paper introduces a framework for evaluating the technology innovation efficiency of NEV enterprises based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), meta-frontier, and tobit regression. Then, the technology innovation efficiencies of 45 vehicle, battery, and motor & electronic control NEV enterprises are analyzed. The results show that: (i) During the survey period, the overall technology innovation capability of Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises is not strong, especially regarding economic transformation. However, the general development trend is on the rise. (ii) Different types of enterprises have different technology gap ratios in the two stages. The technology innovation efficiency level of motor and electronic control enterprises is relatively weak in the new energy vehicle industry. (iii) Many measures can be implemented to help improve technology innovation efficiency: encouraging the large-scale development of enterprises, reasonably increasing the shareholding ratio of significant shareholders, improving the ratio of capital investment, stimulating the vitality of innovation within the enterprise, and optimizing the number of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative was inaugurated by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. The Belt and Road Initiative focuses on economic and infrastructural development in different regions of Asia, Africa, and the European continent. By increasing connectivity and cooperation, the Belt and Road Initiative intends to develop the economies of its member states. Bangladesh formally joined this project in October 2016. The Belt and Road Initiative might open some avenues for Bangladesh to improve its relations with its South Asian and Southeast Asian neighboring countries. However, the impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative on Bangladesh's relations with its neighboring countries are less explored in existing research. Therefore, this paper explores and analyzes the possible impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative on the bilateral relationships of Bangladesh with its neighboring countries, particularly with China, India, and Myanmar. This paper argues that Bangladesh may face some opportunities and challenges in bilateral relations with China, India, and Myanmar because Bangladesh joined the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper identifies the key opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh. Some of the possibilities include increased investments, more excellent connectivity, improved trade, and economic development, and some challenges include possible debt burden and increased cross-border illegal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Internext: Revista Electrônica de Negócios Internacionais da ESPM is the property of Associacao Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the scientific literature has already shown that there is a causal relationship between tourism and economic growth in island countries, this paper aims, as an additional step, to determine whether there is a causal relationship between tourism and economic development in this type of destination. For this purpose, the Granger causality test is used, applying the econometric adaptation made by Dumitrescu and Hurlin, using a sample of 20 island countries for the period 1995-2019. From the analysis carried out, two results stand out. On the one hand, there is a causal relationship from tourism to economic development. This relationship occurs with a certain delay, to the extent that the public administration takes advantage of the economic growth generated by tourism to finance specific policies that improve the living conditions of the population. On the other hand, it has been shown that there is a causal relationship indicating that development contributes to the expansion of tourism. This is because tourists, in addition to valuing the factors that make a territory or its resources attractive, increasingly demand that destination countries have an adequate level of development in order to obtain a satisfactory tourist experience. Finally, policies are recommended to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants, as well as to reduce the levels of poverty of the population, health, education or security, which will translate into a final improvement of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the construction of smart cities, smart ports are developing rapidly, providing favorable conditions for enhancing port competitiveness, promoting industrial upgrading, and economic transformation. With the continuous progress of society and science and technology, the safety risks of intelligent ports are also increasing. In order to better address these risks, it is necessary to establish a stable and efficient management system. This paper applies data mining and fuzzy control theory technologies for large-volume, high-precision real-time information collection, based on the research of the BP neural network algorithm. By establishing and analyzing a safety risk management system model based on the BP multilayer neuron network, it provides a rationality evaluation method and design concept. After designing the safety risk management system, this paper conducts a performance test on the system. The test results show that through optimization, the accuracy, generalization ability, and reliability of the model can be improved. Its accuracy is as high as 92% or more, fully demonstrating the system's reliability and superiority! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Driving economic development at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) is an enduring global challenge. While the market-based approach places hope on entrepreneurship as a major impetus to drive the underdeveloped economy, the performance of entrepreneurial businesses and their impact on poverty reduction are sometimes below expectations. This paper seeks to examine the factors that may be hindering entrepreneurship within the BOP context. This paper presents preliminary answers and provides research suggestions related to this question. Design/methodology/approach: In order to identify the reasons behind the underperformance of entrepreneurship at the BOP, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to see what is already known about this puzzle. Findings: By reviewing extant literature, four clusters of factors were found to shape entrepreneurial activities at BOP: (1) Individual-level factors may be restraining entrepreneurial activities within BOP context, (2) gender inequality at BOP is hindering female entrepreneurship, (3) insufficient institutional support is holding back entrepreneurial activities in BOP and (4) business development initiatives are making multi-faceted impacts on entrepreneurial activities in BOP. Originality/value: This paper contributes to theory in that it is the first comprehensive review of literature on constraints of entrepreneurship in the context of BOP. In investigating influential factors of entrepreneurial success in the BOP context, the authors recognize four major influential forces that are shaping entrepreneurial processes at the bottom of the pyramid and further propose three directions of future research that are worthy for further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cope with the severe challenges related to traditional economic-centered urbanization, the Chinese government has proposed a people-oriented new-type urbanization strategy, which focuses on promoting the coordination and sustainable development of the environment, economy, and society. The existing literature has studied the impact of traditional urbanization on energy use but has not yet revealed the mechanisms and effects of the new transformation of urbanization on energy efficiency. Based on socio-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory, this paper systematically explains how new-type urbanization affects energy efficiency. By adopting a newly developed dynamic panel threshold model, the paper examines the complex impact of new-type urbanization on energy efficiency using panel data of 285 cities in China from 2003 to 2017. The results show that new-type urbanization has a significant double-threshold effect on energy efficiency. As the new-type urbanization level increases, the improvement effect of new-type urbanization on energy efficiency presents the change features of "strong-weakened-stronger." The heterogeneity analysis shows that under the constraints of multiple factors, such as new-type urbanization stages, geographic regions, economic development levels, and resource endowment, the impact of new-type urbanization on energy efficiency varies significantly. Targeted and differentiated policy recommendations for promoting new-type urbanization and energy efficiency are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medunarodni Problemi is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Virtualization and online engineering of services are emerging as key themes that will profoundly influence society and industry in the near and distant future. This paper focuses on the transformation of administrative services in universities into virtual services through online engineering. This transition presents challenges not only to universities in Bulgaria but also worldwide. Given the significant impact of technology on the daily operations of universities, it is evident that the digital divide is an issue worthy of investigation. Disparities in the adoption of online administrative services can and will lead to inconsistencies in the economic development of universities. This article aims to explore some of the challenges associated with virtualization and online engineering of administrative services in universities and offers insights into how to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pan-Africanism is a well-thought-out crusade that entails a dedicated process of economic rebirth involving rebuilding Africa's institutions, structures, and conditions that ensure sustainable economic development. These efforts are considered critical to any development process. However, their efficacy remained less effective in solving the continent's daunting multifaceted challenges because they are largely directed at institution building for enhanced continental peace, security, cooperation, and integration, as shown by the Pan- African ideal of "the 'new' African agenda". The new idea of African renaissance directed at awareness creation for African re-birth, unity, development, and advancement of African history, culture and values is one of the attestations to the failure of Pan-Africanism. This is not to claim that no attempts at several regional and sub-regional integration programmes and efforts have been made. Some of these remained inadequate to realise the objectives of both Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance. The challenges, however, lie specifically in the extent to which African history, culture, and values can be utilised to drive the process of economic reconstruction. The absence of this analysis provides a gap in the literature and challenges Pan Africanism and Africa's drive towards economic reconstruction. Therefore, the paper, using qualitative data, descriptive analysis, and thematic analysis, aims to interrogate how AIK, a totally neglected resource in Pan Africanist ideals, can be innovatively and strategically utilised for Africa's sustainable economic development agenda. The study found that underlying any economic development agenda is the effective understanding, recognition, and integration of people's history, culture, heritage, and shared values, on which efforts must be directed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on topics concerning sociology which include social integration in Central America, impact of institutional development on social and economic development, and social change processes encountered by farmers.

This study examines the linkages between Taiwan’s Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and universities. It employs the government–university (G–U) relation of triple helix framework to assess collaboration patterns between ITRI and the top universities of Taiwan over two phases of economic development, that is, the catching-up phase in the 1990s and the subsequent post catching-up phase over the 2000s. We highlight the collaborative dynamics in terms of ITRI’s (a) (co-) evolving knowledge capital, (b) strategic collaboration mode, (c) co-publication in scientific papers, (d) co-owned patents, (e) forward and backward citations and (f) science-based patents. Our systematic review of the role of ITRI in both catching-up and post catching-up phases will provide a useful guide for policy makers in other economies (such as Malaysia and Hong Kong) that aspire to define a similar role for their public research institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper will explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on India's foreign trade. The study will analyze the impact of the pandemic on the trade in goods and services in India. The study will also explore the policy implications of the pandemic on India's trade. Data from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Reserve Bank of India, World Bank, and other sources will be used to measure the impact of the pandemic on India's foreign trade. The study will also analyze the impact of the pandemic on India's export and import partners. The paper will provide an overview of the current trends in India's foreign trade and discuss the potential policy options to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. The study will also assess the potential effects of the pandemic on India's economic growth and development. Finally, the paper will conclude by providing policy recommendations to ensure sustained economic growth in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information technology proves the possibility of acquiring large samples of policy text information and promotes innovative research based on the policy informatics approach of fusing data from multiple sources. This paper constructs a new public policy model based on existing data on economic system reform, and uses multi-types of textual big data such as government website, official weblog, and social media as the object of collection, to conduct a big data measurement on policy concerns related to the theory and practice of economic system reform since the reform and opening up. And this paper constructs a fine-grained measurement and portray the evolutionary trend of policy concerns and policy implementation. Based on the database, this paper helps to analyse the economic development trend since the reform and opening up, evaluate and monitor the implementation effect of different incentive policies and establish an iterative feedback mechanism, and provides a reference for relevant decision-making departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education is the property of Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Waste is a major environmental, social, and economic issue. Consumption growth and economic development continue to create significant volumes of trash, requiring further measures to reduce and avoid. A thorough understanding and description of the characteristics of polluting spots, particularly those outside the waste management system, is essential in order to take action to eradicate these deposits. Despite the fact that there are legislative laws in Romania regarding the disposal of domestic garbage, it remains a continuous environmental concern. In this paper we want to establish general and specific objectives regarding the evaluation of the quality of environmental components in areas located in the vicinity of landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development is a concept comprising two elements: growth and development. Growth implies increase in the size of the indicators of development, and development purports a qualitative change in the process. Structural change is conceptualized as the change in relative importance of the aggregate indicators of the economy. Economic development and structural change are intertwined, implying as development takes place inter-sectoral relationship changes and produces movement away from primary towards secondary and tertiary-sector based development. The fundamental economic structure (FES) concept implies selected characteristics of an economy will vary predictably with region size, as measured by gross national/regional product, population and total gross output. Given this overview, this research reviews selected themes in manifesting an improved understanding of the relationships among economic structure, structural changes and development in regional economies. The following three research questions are addressed in this paper: 1) what are the major approaches to study economic development and structural transformation analysis? 2) what are the trends of sector shifts in the process of economic development? and 3) can a fundamental economic structure (FES) be identified at different geographical scales for regional economies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A common explanation for low economic mobility among the poor points to public bus systems that have inconvenient access to jobs. We explore the extent to which these fixed-route systems are a legacy of a century-old transitional gains trap. The trap formed in the early 1900s as local governments secured legislation to protect streetcar companies from socalled unfair competition from jitneys, the nation's first taxis offering rapid and flexible service. The paper examines how allegiance to fixed-route systems in rail and bus routes hampered economic mobility more than a century later. It examines the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents comments on papers on national renewal presented by University of the Philippines professor Zeus Salazar and National Secretariat for Social Action research director John J. Carroll as part of the Philippine Sociological Society's "Social Issues '72" public lecture series. The author holds that there are two competing strategies for the achievement of economic progress and modernity. One strategy sees national development as a process of departure from the traditional concerns of the village world into the modem and rational world of the elite. The policies of its adherents focus on monetary and fiscal stability, on the establishment of norms of legality and rationality in public administration and, most important, on creating a proper climate for entrepreneurship. There is nothing wrong with stability and rationality, per se The problem is that these policies are given priority over, and often at the expense of, those that would solve more basic problems in the country's economic and social structure. Because this strategy conceives of progress as movement from tradition to modernity, it accepts the division between the masses and the elite and sees it primarily in cultural and intellectual terms.

The Central Plains Economic Zone is a key area for agricultural production and environmental protection. The research of this paper mainly focuses on the relationship between the agricultural ecological environment and the evolutionary laws and characteristics of the ecological economy in the Central Plains Economic Zone. The balanced characteristics of agricultural ecological environmental protection and development and the dynamics of sustainable development of ecological economy are studied separately, and the temporal and spatial evolution laws are observed and recorded for a period to form an observable model. The Central Plains Economic Zone itself includes multiple provinces and regions. The economic industry model is mainly based on agriculture. Based on the agricultural ecological environment in the region, this paper makes a dual-element link analysis with the ecological economic development model and gives the characteristic correlation analysis and in-depth study of agricultural ecological environment and ecological economic evolution. Focusing on the dual elements of the evolution of agricultural ecological environment (Eq) and ecological economy (Et) in Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui and Hebei provinces in the Central Plains Economic Zone, using AHM weighting method for 2010-2020, the entropy weight of the agricultural ecological environment and ecological economy in the Central Plains Economic Zone in 10 years is divided into 5 time periods according to the measurement model and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics. According to the Prism model analysis, 5 evolution law characteristic models are obtained. According to the content analysis model, among the five evolutionary characteristic models, the sustainable development of agricultural ecological environment has been continuously strengthened in the past 10 years, and more and more attention has been paid to environmental protection values. The task of optimizing the industrial structure has been completed by 2020, and a number of them have been eliminated. The traditional high-energy-consuming and backward industries have accelerated the construction of new industrialization and informatization industries, and the resulting ecological and economic effects have been significant improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends earlier work on Nigeria 's failure to improve living standards for its population when compared with China and South Korea since 1960. With historically low rates of growth in per capita income over the 60-year interval when compared with these two countries and the elevated growth rate in Nigeria 's population to 2050 projected by the United Nations Population Division and others, this paper explores the consequences of the intersection of these two important "drivers" of food consumption on Nigeria 's prospects for food security. Because of Nigeria 's poor growth prospects, in part the result of its fast growing population, the country's dependency on food imports is likely to increase significantly by mid-century. Allocating its scarce foreign exchange, derived mostly from oil exports, in order to feed its population will negatively impact Nigeria's ability to modernize its agricultural sector specifically, and, more generally, the country's physical and social infrastructure that would improve living standards and growth prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cultura Económica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to conceptualize intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship and provide evidence of its impact on intra-African trade and economic development. Immigrant entrepreneurship is often regarded as a key driver of international trade and economic development around the world; yet very little is known about intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship and its role in intra-African trade and economic development in Africa. Methodology: This paper applied a systematic review of literature methodology to provide insights into the role of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship on trade and economic development of boThhost and home countries. Recommendations on how intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship can be used to promote intra-African trade and economic development are reviewed. Results: Policy guidelines that may increase the positive impact of immigrant entrepreneurs within the context of intra-African trade include immigration policies that attract high impact entrepreneurs, nondiscriminatory support for high impact immigrant entrepreneurs as well as policies to strengthen the role of free trade agreements such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Conclusion: We conclude that African regional integration to promote intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship development is a conduit for Africa's long-term and sustainable economic development. Evidence of the positive impact of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship on intra-African trade and economic development is scant. At the same time, the notions of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship are not well documented in the literature. This paper provides arguments for the promotion of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship as a tool to increase intra-African trade and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial method using the leasing system represents a real opportunity in the Romanian economy for the economic agents for whom the investments represent an essential request for the development of their activity. As 99% from the economic activities need investments in order to develop, the leasing financial methods constantly increased. Since the competition in our country becomes more and more rough the prompt reactions of the companies are vital. The leasing satisfies in a short time the need of funds for the investments of economic agents. In this paper work the author has the purpose to define different types of leasing, present the existing differences between them and the evolution of the leasing market from Romania in the last 4 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of economic cycle, this paper describes the failure mechanism of the associated credit risk contagion among enterprises by constructing a cascade effect model, and further simulates and analyses the anti-credit risk capability of the enterprise network. It is found that the anti-credit risk capability of the associated enterprise network is enhanced with the increase of enterprises redundant resources. In the process of the prosperity and development of the economic cycle, the credit risks encountered by large enterprises are more likely to cause cascade effect in the enterprise network. This paper expands the application scope of the cascade effect model, and provides a new perspective for enterprises to manage and control credit risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total electricity consumption (TEC) reflects the operation condition of the national economy, and the prediction of the total electricity consumption can help track the economic development trend, as well as provide insights for macro policy making. Nowadays, novel neural networks provide a new perspective to predict the total electricity consumption. In this paper, a time series forecasting method based on Transformer model, Trans-T2V model, is proposed and applied to TEC forecasting. Transformer is the first network structure that completely relies on self-attention to calculate input and output. In this paper, the Time2vec method is used to improve the existing Transformer model, as embedding the month sequence more efficiently in the Transformer model. By comparing with the existing Transformer models and other intelligent algorithm models, the robustness and superiority of the proposed method framework are verified, and the highest accuracy reaches 97.36%. The method presented in this paper provides valuable insights in the field of time series prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Rural Australia" has long been a special site of political contestation. Staking the terms of public depictions of "the rural", "the bush", or "country life" is a constitutive thread running through Australian settler colonial identity and a cornerstone of national electoral politics. This paper analyses major News Corporation media outlets' presentation of an evolving political campaign, comparing contesting representations of farming and rural Australia deployed by the Morrison Coalition government and advocacy group Farmers for Climate Action, in the period between the government's re-election in May 2019 and July 2021. The paper steps through the key tactical discursive moves made by these contesting parties. It argues that in their depictions of rural Australia there are two important features that these perspectives share. Both embrace a discourse of increased agricultural productivity inspired by high-tech innovation, and both are silent on the related social and economic transformations that undergird the "crisis" of the rural. Consequently, public political contestation over rural policy unfolds without engaging transforming structural arrangements that fundamentally organise work and life on the land. • Presents comparative depictions of rurality by the Australian prime minister and advocacy group Farmers for Climate Action. • Political contests over the representation of the rural during the time of accelerating climate change are shown to have strong temporal framings. • Both government and Farmers for Climate Action embrace a discourse of increased agricultural productivity inspired by high-tech innovation and both are silent on socio-economic transformations. • Farmers for Climate Action have made significant steps towards normalising the idea that farming and climate activism go hand in hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on trends in the paper industry in China. Economic growth; Emergence of vast investments; Details behind existing and planned mills; Future growth prospects.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are carriers of the economic development on local, regional, and national level. With high levels of flexibility, agility and adaptability, small and medium enterprises have the ability to transform and embrace new emerging technologies and opportunities. In the Industry 4.0 world, characterized by the intensive development and integration of digital solutions into all levels of operations, SMEs are among early adopters of such solutions. The purpose of the paper is to examine how small and medium enterprises in the Middle East are increasing their competitiveness, using innovative digital and e-business solutions as key transformative tools. Within the research, a systematic review of support ecosystem for development of the sector in the Middle East has been performed. Based on the systematic review and literature findings, the 5I framework, consisting of internationalization, innovation, integration, implementation, and intensifying, has been suggested as the model for transformative development of small and medium enterprises. In the future research, it is possible to examine how fast-growing economies that create supportive environment for the development of small and medium enterprises, simultaneously recognizing digital and ebusiness solutions as important pillar of increasing competitiveness and innovativeness, might benefit from successful implementation of 5I framework for successful global transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]