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Background: Children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience symptoms of various mental disorders along with the characteristics that define ASD. High rates of several psychiatric disorders have been reported in people with ASD such as anxiety, depression, cognitive problems, emotional regulation difficulties and related behavioral problems can occur in children of all ages with ASD. There are many treatment programs that can help autistic persons cope with these symptoms. Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and more are treatment programs that can help people with autism recognize and manage their symptoms. Aim: This paper examines through bibliographic sources of the last 15 years the possible mental disorders that a child or adolescent with ASD may experience, as well as the therapeutic interventions that can help to manage them. Methodology: For the present bibliographic research, 15 scientific articles from English journals were used. The databases from which the scientific articles were found were PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Results: According to the results of various studies, children and adolescents with autism show various symptoms of psychological disorders such as Anxiety Disorders, Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The combination of CBT and ICT can help people with autism recognize and manage their symptoms. Discussion: The various symptoms of disorders that children and adolescents with autism experience can have a major impact on their family, their daily life, their schooling, and their future work. It is of the utmost importance that these children enter into a treatment program in order to better manage and treat their symptoms. The support of the school is also very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ACT combined with ERP delivered in an intensive outpatient setting was found to be effective. • Results showed a significant decrease in OCD symptom severity in adults. • Psychological inflexibility, depression, anxiety, and stress significantly improved during treatment. Intensive outpatient treatment settings for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common, but data on their effectiveness are limited. The effectiveness of IOP treatment for adults with OCD using combined acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) was studied with eight adults. The intervention was 15 hours per week for 3 weeks. Measures were collected at pretreatment, 1-week, 2-weeks, posttreatment, and at 1-month follow-up. At the end of treatment, all participants were in the mild range of OCD symptom severity with a mean symptom decrease of 58%. Psychological inflexibility, depression, anxiety, and stress significantly decreased through treatment and participants ended treatment below clinical range for psychological inflexibility and nonclinical to mild range for depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of this study provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of ACT and ERP in an intensive outpatient setting for adults with OCD. The focus of this paper is on the clinical application of this treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals in the workplace interact with peer constituents displaying various personality behaviors that influence productive workplace relationships. Sometimes, the darker side of leadership is masked and camouflages disturbing personality behaviors. Leaders are no exception to the array of personalities hindering productive follower relationships. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in leaders manifest themselves in a variety of ways and have the potential to deter satisfactory relationships with followers. Subordinates are subjected to higher instances of employee surveillance, matriculate attention to detail, extraordinary communication and feedback, repetitive reprimands, and fear tactics to motivate desired behavior. Although these practices are within management scope, manifestations of OCD leader tendencies and their effect on followership cannot be ignored. As the level of anxiety in Americans continues to increase, organizations may observe higher instances of OCD-related behaviors in leaders. This paper addresses OCD behaviors in leaders and its effect on followership and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I articulate my own living-educational-theory of my practice as a primary school teacher, who seeks to help her students to recognise and manage their anxiety in order to improve their quality of life and ability to benefit fully from their school experiences. Anxiety disorders are one of the top contributors to the global burden of disease for young people (Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019). I outline how I created an intervention to support four mixed gender, twelve-year-old children - with no anxiety diagnosis - to recognise and manage their anxiety with the involvement of their parents and class teachers. As my research developed, I realised that my principle educational values of social justice, empowerment, hope and positivity were not being lived fully in my practice. By explicitly addressing my living contradiction, I came to a deeper awareness of, and fluency in, my educational practice, and saw the children becoming less anxious and more confident over time. As a Living Educational Theory researcher, I recognise the importance of rendering this text as relatable to the reader as possible and to provide an original contribution to educational knowledge and theorising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Older adults with anxiety disorders do not have sufficient access to cognitive-behavioral treatment. • Diagnosing anxiety disorders in late life requires consideration of how age-related factors can impact symptom presentation. • Cognitive-behavioral treatment can and should be modified to meet the needs of older adults with anxiety disorders. • There is a pressing need to increase research on, and dissemination of, cognitive-behavioral therapy protocols for older adults with anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are among the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders in late life. As older adults comprise a growing segment of the population, evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders in late life have come into sharper focus. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in late life has received less empirical attention and widespread dissemination relative to other age groups. Increasing older adults' access to timely assessment and effective treatment can help reduce the personal and societal costs of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss important considerations for the assessment of anxiety disorders in older adults and offer adaptations to CBT treatment for this population. As part of assessment considerations, we discuss how physical health conditions, cognitive impairment, and functional limitations can impact anxiety disorder diagnoses with older adults. We also outline validated self-report measures of anxiety disorder symptoms for older adults and highlight the importance of assessing older adults' suitability for CBT. Several recommendations for adapting CBT protocols for older adults with anxiety disorders are described, such as extending psychoeducation, altered treatment pacing, use of content aids, and medical contraindications for interoceptive exposure. A case study is included that illustrates helpful assessment and treatment adaptions for an older woman with panic disorder. We highlight the pressing need to increase research and dissemination of CBT for anxiety disorders for older adults to meet the needs of an increasing segment of the population worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to test whether adding assessment of functional impairment to symptoms of specific mental disorders would have any effect on estimated prevalence of mental disorders in a non-clinical sample of university students in Iceland. A self-report measure was designed to assess the subjective functional impairment of anxiety, depression and stress in students' everyday life. Measures were administered on paper to 671 participants. We hypothesized that taking functional impairment into account would yield lower prevalence rates than using only specific symptoms measures. The results suggests that the addition of functional impairment measure lends a context to the results of the symptom-specific measures and can provide a more accurate estimation of mental health problems of university students than symptoms self-report measures alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada / Annual of Social Work is the property of Pravni Fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Studijski Centar Socijalnog Rada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Facets of school life affect the development and maintenance of school refusal (SR). These facets will warrant attention during intervention for SR. This paper considers a range of school-related factors associated with SR, grouped according to five domains of school climate. It also describes school-based interventions for SR in the form of alternative educational programs (AEPs). The paper then presents the Link, an AEP for Dutch adolescents with SR. The Link offers an educational setting that addresses school-related factors associated with SR. After participation in the Link, adolescents are helped to return to a more typical educational setting. Based on a review of 30 case files, we provide an account of adolescents who have participated in the Link. Often, these adolescents displayed chronic and severe SR, met criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders, and were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The Link process is illustrated via a case vignette. Thereafter, the role of AEPs in the treatment of SR is discussed. Highlights • Reviews factors associated with school refusal, using five domains of school climate. • Describes alternative educational programs used in the treatment of school refusal. • Presents the Link, an alternative educational program for school-refusing adolescents. • Illustrates the Link population and process based on file review and a case vignette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Although exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for childhood anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), many youth do not adequately respond to treatment. Extinction learning is an important process in exposure-based CBT. However, youth with anxiety disorders and OCD exhibit impairments in extinction processes that are best characterized by deficits in inhibitory learning. Therefore, the utilization of strategies to optimize inhibitory learning during exposures may compensate for these deficits, thereby maximizing extinction processes and producing more robust treatment outcomes for exposure-based CBT. This paper reviews several strategies to optimize inhibitory learning in youth with anxiety disorders and OCD, and presents practical examples for each strategy. This paper also highlights the difference between inhibitory learning-based exposures and prior conceptual approaches to exposure therapy in clinical practice. It concludes with a discussion of future directions for clinical research on inhibitory learning and exposure-based CBT in youth. Highlights • Anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorder often onset in childhood and adolescence • Youth with these conditions exhibit deficits in inhibitory learning during extinction • Extinction learning is a central process in exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy • Exposure strategies that optimize inhibitory learning may compensate for deficits • Further research is needed to evaluate inhibitory learning strategies in youth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health concerns with a major contribution to the global burden of disease. When not treated, anxiety can be aggravated to more serious and complicated health problems. Pharmacology and psychotherapy stand for the conventional treatment for anxiety disorders but these present limited efficacy, especially in the case of chronic anxiety, with high relapse rates and often causing adverse side effects. Clinical research studies render acupuncture as a valid treatment therapy for anxiety disorders without significant adverse effects. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the effectiveness of acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders in order to find strong scientific evidence for its regular practice in Western culture. The systematic review of the clinical research was focused on published clinical trials (controlled, randomized and non-randomized) regarding the treatment of anxiety with acupuncture. Only clinical trials where anxiety was treated as the therapeutic target, and not as a secondary measurement or being associated with other health condition or disease, were considered. Two authors extracted the data independently and exclusion and inclusion criteria were set. The search rendered 1135 papers addressing anxiety as a primary therapeutic target. After review, 13 papers were identified to match exclusion and inclusion criteria and were selected for this analysis. Methodology, design, and quality of the research were highly variable and are discussed and compared. Overall, there is good scientific evidence encouraging acupuncture therapy to treat anxiety disorders as it yields effective outcomes, with fewer side effects than conventional treatment. More research in this area is however needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anxiety and anxiety disorders among people with visual impairment are more frequent than in the general population. It is estimated that of people with visual impairment face depression and/or anxiety, whereas 4-6% of people are diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The purpose of this paper is analyzing the occurrence of anxiety in people with visual impairment based on current information. Literature review indicates that people with visual impairment experience the common, as well as the more specific, often chronic anxiety symptoms. Despite the significance of the foregoing phenomenon and its negative consequences, literature does not explain its causes, specify the problem, and most importantly, does not provide recommendations for preventing the occurrence of anxiety in the foregoing group of people. In order to understand the nature of anxiety, it is important to learn more about its causes and consequences for health, both biopsychosocial and spiritual wellbeing. In people with visual impairment this may depend on particular conditions which these people face every day, therefore the concept of anxiety in this group of people requires a separate consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article illustrates how cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was adapted for an adolescent Turkish population with mood and anxiety disorders. The resulting 10-session treatment—based on multiplex CBT—was efficacious in a treatment trial, showing large effect sizes (Acarturk et al., 2018). This paper discusses the cultural grounding of CBT, which increases effectiveness by such means as increasing acceptability and positive expectancy. We describe a culturally sensitive assessment measure of somatic complaints and cultural syndromes, the Turkish Symptom and Syndrome Addendum. We discuss how, in a culturally sensitive way, we normalized symptoms, conducted interoceptive exposure, and created positive reassociations to sensations. We describe how we used Turkish metaphors and religious ideas to teach CBT principles. We show how we adapted mindfulness and "loving kindness" for a Turkish population, and how we utilized transition "rituals" at the end of the treatment to give a sense of closure and a positive feeling of transformation. Two case examples are provided to further illustrate how we adapted multiplex CBT to a Turkish adolescent population. • Adapting CBT for an adolescent Turkish population with mood and anxiety disorders • Cultural grounding of CBT to increase acceptability and positive expectancy • Culturally sensitive assessment of somatic complaints and cultural syndromes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paper, we describe an integrated online- and mobile-based application for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, Anxiety Coach. The technology is designed to increase the use of exposure therapy by therapists and patients. We begin by outlining the clinical content and design of the application, and then review the clinical administration and theoretical basis for the program. Next, using results from an implementation feasibility study, we illustrate how data collected during application use can inform therapists, supervisors, and researchers about process variables (i.e., use of exposure) and outcomes (i.e., symptom improvement). Implications of the potential for Anxiety Coach to increase access to evidence-based treatment and directions for further research are discussed. • Most children with anxiety disorders do not receive exposure therapy • Anxiety Coach is a web- and mobile-based technology for childhood anxiety disorders • We introduce the content of Anxiety Coach and the underlying rationale • A case series illustrates the potential to collect outcome and process data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are at increased risk for developing significant co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Although prevalence estimates vary, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are among the most common comorbid conditions. There has been increased interest in the assessment and treatment of these symptoms in youth with ASD, with the majority of studies thus far focusing on anxiety disorders. The present paper reviews the literature on the most common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms in youth with ASD and discusses current trends in intervention for these disorders. Given the numerous challenges involved in the identification of psychiatric conditions in youth with ASD, general guidelines for the assessment of psychiatric symptoms in youth with ASD will be provided. Information regarding the prevalence and specific assessment strategies for each mental health condition precedes a review of intervention programs. Although not specific to a single psychiatric condition, difficulties in emotion regulation are thought to underlie many of the social/emotional and behavioral difficulties characteristic of youth with ASD. Thus, the emerging research on emotion regulation interventions is also reviewed. Finally, it is important to note that the treatment programs presented in this paper have almost exclusively been developed and delivered in university-based clinic settings. Recommendations for bridging the research to practice gap for youth with ASD are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hungarian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) was validated in two studies, using five different samples. Study 1 tested the factor structure and internal consistency of the PSWQ in two undergraduate student samples, comparing the psychometric properties of the paper-pencil and the online versions of the scale. Study 2 assessed construct validity in two undergraduate student samples and in a sample of patients diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and matched control participants. Our results suggest that the Hungarian PSWQ demonstrates good psychometric properties. We found no difference between the online and the paper-pencil versions of the scale. A factor structure with one general worry factor and two method factors representing wording effects showed the best fit to the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety, or both, are more common in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) (16%-40%) than in the general population (16%), and failure to recognise them may be detrimental to the management of TMD. Paper-based screening tools previously reported in this group require assessment by clinicians and subsequent collation of data. We describe our experience of a new system − IMPARTS (Integrating mental and physical: research training and services), which uses validated tools to identify and to monitor the progress of patients who may benefit from psychological intervention. At outpatient clinics, patients used an electronic tablet to complete the General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Inclusion of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Data were linked directly to their electronic record to allow the results, with suggestions for treatment, to be reviewed immediately during the consultation. A total of 162 patients were included. Screening showed that referral was required in 28 (17%) with a probable major depressive disorder and 32 (20%) with a general anxiety disorder. Two (1%), who were identified as being at high risk of suicide or self-harm, were referred for immediate psychological assessment. Use of the system can aid the holistic treatment of patients with TMD through appropriate referral. Early identification of mental health problems and concurrent management are most beneficial in those who have had symptoms of TMD for up to two years, and are therefore essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pronounced gag reflex can be a burden for patients and dentists alike. It can limit the capability of a patient to undergo dental treatment and complicate the dentist's ability to provide treatment. Understanding the somatic and psychological basis of an overactive gag reflex is key to providing treatment. The first techniques involved should be local measures to reduce anxiety. Further techniques can be used if this proves fruitless. Local anaesthetic, conscious sedation, acupuncture, hypnosis and TENS are techniques that have been suggested in the literature to overcome a pronounced gag reflex. This paper will explore the aetiology of the gag reflex and the many suggested approaches to the management of a patient with a pronounced gag reflex. Understanding the causes and having a working knowledge of the management approaches will help dentists overcome gag reflexes in the treatment of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and adults with chronic diseases, as well as their parents, are at increased risk for depression. Where people with CF do exhibit psychological distress it is linked to poorer adherence and pulmonary function, increased hospitalisations and healthcare costs and decreased quality of life. The International Depression Epidemiological Study (TIDES) evaluated depression and anxiety in CF patients and parent caregivers across eight European countries and the USA. Two national and one international data sets have been published. This paper summarises the findings, offers explanations for differences in results, and outlines the clinical implications with consideration given to if and how recommendations could be integrated into managing CF in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have distinct physical and emotional challenges that may place them at risk for developing anxiety and that may impede their receipt of mental health treatment. Only a handful of studies have applied empirically validated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to IBD-related issues and no studies have examined the benefit of CBT for anxiety disorders in pediatric IBD. The aim of this paper is to describe a newly adapted cognitive behavioral treatment protocol, Treatment of Anxiety and Physical Symptoms related to IBD (TAPS + IBD), that has been tailored to concurrently address anxiety, including IBD-specific anxiety, and disease management in children and adolescents with IBD in pediatric medical offices. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate treatment implementation and preliminary assessment data. General considerations for health providers working with youth with comorbid anxiety and IBD from a multidisciplinary perspective and future research directions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examined the degree to which stigma toward individuals with OCD is influenced by the specific form of obsession and the disclosure of a diagnostic label. Participants (N = 290) viewed a video of a young woman who presented with either "harming" obsessions (HO) or "just right" obsessions (JRO) and was either labeled or not labeled with a diagnosis of OCD. After viewing the video, participants completed a survey measuring stigmatizing attributions (pity, danger, blame) and desired social distance. Results indicated that participants showed greater stigmatizing attitudes when the individual depicted was experiencing HO compared to JRO. However, the effect of obsession type depended on whether or not a diagnosis of OCD was disclosed. In general, the disclosure of a formal diagnosis of OCD mitigated stigma in the HO condition but not in the JRO condition. Implications of this study include a need for anti-stigma efforts to recognize different obsession types as a part of OCD and that the label of OCD may be more important for reducing stigma for some obsession types more than others. • Public stigma was greater toward harming obsessions than "just right" obsessions. • Label of OCD reduced stigma toward harming but not "just right" obsessions. • Perceptions of fault differed by gender and race/ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]