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Over the past two decades, postsecondary institutions have increasingly incorporated transgender inclusive language, policies, and facilities to address poor trans student health, grades, safety, and academic achievement. While such efforts have been heralded, little research has studied trans student experiences on campuses with such policies. My study remedies this gap through an ethnography examining the experiences of trans students at two women's colleges. Since 2013, over twenty U.S. women's colleges have adopted transgender admissions policies that outline varying biomedical, social, and legal criteria for who may apply to their institution to include trans women, men, and occasionally gender non-conforming students. Data for this research come from archival research, 80 interviews with students, alumna/i, and staff/faculty/administration, and participant observation with 6 transgender students throughout the academic year. The primary question this paper asks is: How are student's academic and social experiences impacted by gendered policies? In answering this question, this research extends sociological research beyond binary examinations of gender to examine how even seemingly inclusive institutional policies may still exclude the most marginalized students. As such, this paper calls to think about diversity as a product of postsecondary institutions; not simply in terms of the identities that are listed in nondiscrimination policies, but in the ways in which these policies are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly and popular understandings of rural transgender and queer people still tend to assume that they can only live well by moving to urban places. These metronormative narratives suggest that rural queer and trans lives are unlivable or impossible. Yet, much scholarly and activist work in recent years demonstrates that, despite these narratives, queer and trans people do live and even thrive in these impossible places. Drawing on an analysis of interviews with queer and transgender people living in the rural inland Pacific Northwest, this paper expands the geographic scope of LGBTQ research and is part of a larger effort to show how space and place are primary to understanding the production of sexual, gender, and racial inequality. The findings contribute to increased spatial understandings of intersecting inequalities along with knowledge of rural queer and transgender lives by focusing on what queer people in which rural spaces are brought into the fold of rural communities and who is excluded. Specifically, the analysis examines how: first, differences of scale and population density among rural areas create unexpected terms of inclusion and exclusion. Second, the inclusion, or at least tolerance, of some white queer and trans people is premised on rural specific manifestations of heteropatriarchy and settler claims to rural land. Overall, this paper shows that sexuality, gender, race, and nation are intimately intertwined and shaped by the particular histories and contemporary social dynamics of the places where rural queer and transgender people live their everyday lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of international borders of modern nation-states is a processual endeavor, involving the interaction of multiple nation-states by way of treaties, purchases, incorporation, and/or the effects of war. What is less understood is the role of nationalism in the formation of international borders. This paper explores the formation of the Mexico - U.S. international border during the Mexican American War and the role of U.S. nationalism in justifying and legitimating the actions of the state. National political elites, the press, and soldiers are examined and the types of nationalism they expressed. Primary and secondary sources are used for identifying dominant cultural narratives and symbols used by U.S. nationalists. In tracing expressions of American nationalism over time in relation to the border and Mexico, this paper identifies the role and significance of race with popular expressions of U.S. nationalism, and contributes to the understanding of white nationalism in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign capital investment has become a primary dimension of economic globalization. In the aftermath of the Great Recession, rising public support for protectionist policies has challenged free trade and foreign investment inflows in affluent democracies. However, scholarly research to date has little paid attention to the connection between the economic crisis and public attitudes toward foreign capital investment. In this paper, I extend the logic of competitive threat theory-- which contends that rising competition between native workers and immigrants for scarce resources intensifies public anxiety about immigrants--from the study of attitudes toward immigrants to attitudes toward investment of foreign capital. Specifically, this research examines the effect of the Great Recession on perceived foreign capital threat (PFCT). I use a multilevel ordered logit model to capture Level-2 structural determinants of Level-1 PFCT across 22 countries. Level-1 dependent variables are derived from the 2013 International Social Survey Program: National Identity. The key Level-2 independent variable is the Great Recession Index, which is comprised of four strands of distinct, but interrelated indicators of the economic crisis: the housing crash, the financial crisis, the economic decline, and the employment loss. I find the little direct evidence for competitive threat theory for the impact of the Great Recession on PFCT, but the interaction analyses provide several indirect evidence for competitive threat theory by showing that the impact of the Great Recession is contingent on several structural and sociodemographic factors. This paper contributes to an understanding of the cross-national variation in the causal connections between the Great Recession and anti-foreign capital attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine shifts in medical etiologies of gender identity, focusing on the role of medical authorities in defining gender. Drawing from a qualitative analysis of an original, archival dataset, I examine the ways in which medical conceptualizations of transness have shifted over time More specifically, I closely read and code every mention of the term "transgender" and the more dated terms "transsexual" and "transvestite" in four top medical journals published in the United States. Reading references to these terms in top medical journal articles illuminates the ways in which they are understood in medical parlance and how conversations about transgender patients contribute to the medical and social construction of gender. Based on my analysis of medical journal articles, I argue that: (1) There has been a shift in the locus of gender from external genitalia an early socialization to the brain (self-conception), (2) The shift results in an unmooring of gender from sex and a medical institutionalization of Butler's formulation of the relationship between sex and gender (sex was really gender all along); (3) The gendering of facial features and external genitalia paves the way for the marketization of racialized gender essentialism: feminine and masculine features become incorporated in a fee-for-service model. In the quest for being socially affirmed and recognized as one's gender, such a transformation has crucial, life-changing and life-saving possibilities for people whose bodies do not align with their sexes. The shift also empowers medical providers and insurers to define idealized femininity and masculinity and limit access to such services through widely varying insurance coverage. Drawing from both medical and gender studies, this paper offers insights for medical sociologists interested in the medicalization and biomedicalization of society as well as gender and sexuality scholars interested in the complex relationship between gender, sex, and the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This working paper examines how countries at the 2015 World Expo addressed the theme of "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life." We examine countries' depictions of solutions to "Feeding the Planet," identifying neoliberal and gastronational tendencies present. Since the majority of countries used this opportunity to present their take on the Expo's theme to more than 20 million visitors and additional onlookers, the 2015 World Expo, the first Expo focused on food, is important for studying how nation-states portray solutions to world hunger in an international context. This paper addresses the questions: How do countries propose to address world hunger? What does the role of the State look like in these solutions? This paper uses ethnography of the 2015 World Expo and discourse analysis of the official Expo websites of the participating countries in order to examine the countries' representation of issues at the 2015 World Expo as well as their description of their participation at the Expo. Our preliminary findings show that countries displayed neoliberal and gastronational tendencies as they provided solutions to world hunger. Sometimes, countries even portrayed these two seemingly, conflicting ideologies together. The way countries portray solutions to food insecurity in this context is important for understanding how nation-states conceptualize the realm of possibilities when making food policy. Thus, we seek to interrogate the dominant themes present within their solutions at the 2015 World Expo in order to see what is within realm of possibility for food security policy making in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description: The twentieth century witnessed the proliferation of infrastructure and technology to manage water resources. By the 1980's, the "big dam era" ended, yet scholars are now observing a "return to infrastructure." High volume ocean-water desalination has emerged as a surprising supply-side solution to water scarcity built on the back of a risk/power sharing Public Private Partnership (PPP) paradigm. Desalination plants are time consuming to build and criticized for negative environmental impacts. Using archival and ethnographic data, this paper addresses desalination by examining processes revolving around the completion of the Claude "Bud" Lewis desalination plant near San Diego, CA. The paper shows that the neoliberal U.S. context of water management (state devolution, financing issues, and public services privatization) gave rise to desalination as a viable solution through PPPs, whereby initial costs are shifted to private sector firms and the facility can be purchased decades later by the public agency. The transnational dimension of these projects is important because they are trans-scalar, crossing multiple levels of social and political action forming the foundation for the contestation of the infrastructure. The analysis adds a ripple to the notion of ecological modernization - that society would transition to a situation wherein nature's position in capitalist society would be strengthened, although the economic order would remain largely intact. Desalination is not so much the next installment in a modernization project, but rather the U.S. context shows these PPPs are recuperative. It represents an effort to deal with the risks of problems that modernity has produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does scientific knowledge about specialized research topics develop structurally? Existing literature on knowledge production networks shows the topology of networks in science, but this work often uses sampling frames (disciplines and sub-disciplines) that fail to capture the specific object of inquiry as a key data-generating feature of publication activity. Such work also uses tie indicators (collaborations or co-citations) that poorly approximate the interconnected knowledge embodied by research with ties between actors instead of related content. This paper (1) advances two methodological innovations that could benefit studies of scientific production, (2) demonstrates these approaches in a case study in the biochemical sciences, and (3) discusses the benefits and limitations of this approach. Methodologically, I first argue that network samples defined by shared research objects rather than disciplines, subfields, or common keywords can yield novel insight into how ideas develop in topic-specific networks and reveal both existing and potential opportunities for knowledge exchange across disciplines with different semantic norms. I also propose that structural topic modeling can be used to derive the latent content of journal articles addressing a particular research object, and that such an approach has unique advantages for capturing the broader knowledge structure on a specialized topic over collaboration, co-citation, and shared keyword methods. I then demonstrate the empirical viability of this pair of methodological innovations using research in both chemistry and biomedicine about a specific protein. Results show that topic-specific papers in the chemistry and biomedicine communities are structurally distinct, and that such structural differences are associated with differing research practices in the case study. I discuss these exploratory results and consider the limitations of the novel methods that produce them, then briefly elaborate on how specialized knowledge network dynamics can be studied and tested in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper returns to the central feature of charismatic legitimacy--miraculous proof--and offers a social-interactional account of its etiology. Drawing on elements from the performative turn in social theory, and on previous work that has described "charismatic counter-roles," the paper develops the concept of incredulous onlookers: those prominent disbelievers who, through expressions of shock, exasperation, and moral outrage, help to define societal expectations about the (seeming) impossibility of the leader's success. Equipped with an imposibilist characterization, even minor victories by the aspiring charismatic leader come to be regarded as miraculous. By performing incredulousness along both sceptical and moralistic modalities, these actors thereby create what is in essence the social-interactional negative-image of the charismatic miracle. I find that incredulous onlookers played a critical role in buoying and propelling the "Trump phenomenon.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work has revealed that credit allocation is a key aspect of U.S. political economy. This paper offers a novel theoretical justification for why credit allocation an especially useful political tool in the U.S. Specifically, the paper argues that core qualities of credit - the fact that operates primarily as a space of social classification - gives credit a particular usefulness in a governmental context characterized by a high level of institutional conflict and political fragmentation. To make this case, the paper opens with a discussion of allocative credit as part of American economic and social policy, and then explains how credit's classificatory nature gives a kind of fiscal, budgetary, and ideological flexibility, which together I characterize as a kind of political lightness. The paper next discusses the fractured U.S. political context in which that lightness of credit has proven especially useful. It closes with a discussion of the special ramifications of this political lightness for racial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes the jigsaw puzzle as a 'unobtrusive' research instrument to be used in conjunction with semi-structured interviews with groups of two participants or more. While semistructured interviews are a staple of qualitative sociology, responses can be influenced by the investigator's role in the interview process. By having participants complete a jigsaw puzzle, the researcher is drawn away from the focus and places the focus on the participants and their interactions with one another. This paper will demonstrate how the combination of data collected from a traditional semi-structured interview and a jigsaw puzzle activity can enlighten a research question in an unobtrusive way from data collected from interculturally married couples in Turkey, where sociolinguistic communication patterns between husband and wife were observed and studied. The jigsaw puzzle activity yielded more one-on-one interactions between the couple and increased the frequency of already dominant communication patterns among the couples interviewed. A final discussion of the advantages and disadvantages both methods bring to a study, particularly focusing on their strengths and weaknesses, will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on unaccompanied minors from Central America living outside of detention centers as they navigate the United States' non-detained immigration adjustment process. In this paper, I draw on 2.5 years of ethnographic research with 12 Central American unaccompanied minors in San Francisco to demonstrate that the process that unaccompanied minors experience to fight their deportation cases and adjust their immigration status relies upon minors' articulation of violent and vulnerable experiences. Using sociological literature on legal violence I show that unaccompanied minors are forced to self-disclose traumatic experiences or situations, which produces physical and emotional injuries. Disclosing trauma and vulnerability is essential to many forms of immigration adjustment unaccompanied minors are eligible for such as: asylum, U-Visa petition, or a T-Visa petition. This case study demonstrates that the immigration legal systems' processes are inherently injurious and that those who engage in them experience legal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to other dimensions of perceived difference, the construct of age orders society at individual, interactional, and institutional levels. Yet, humans understand another person's age in more ways than the number of years since they were born. Drawing on insights from theories of the production of gender and race, and existing work on "doing" age, this paper pushes forward theory on age by investigating: what are the multiple cultural meanings of age? I use a novel application of natural language processing to uncover patterns in the way that age-related words are used in real-world English text in order to understand the way actors interpret and give meaning to information about a person's age. In this paper, I present preliminary results of analyses of word embeddings, and describe in detail my ongoing analyses that will be completed by March 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends traditional explanations of gender difference in crisis experiences. In explaining female-specific crisis experiences, past studies produced controversial findings. A group of scholars emphasized that a financial crisis deepens classic gender gap whereas other studies suggest that a financial crisis could operate as an opportunity for women. We develop this line of inquiry and focus on educational prestige as a key factor in determining when female workers have an opportunity (vs. a penalty) in the face of declining economic conditions. Using the empirical context of law professionals around the time of the 2008 financial crisis, this paper finds that female lawyers are more likely to experience negative crisis events. However, this female penalty reversed into a female-specific opportunity when we compare graduates of elite law schools: elite females are less likely to experience compensation decrease or a delay in promotion and less likely to lose their jobs during the crisis compared to males. Additional findings indicate that such benefits from educational prestige diminish and even reverse into penalties in a highly routinized work context of female professionals. Through these findings, this paper provides novel insights into current explanations of gender gap, particularly the growing interest in heterogeneous labor market experiences among female workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses how policymakers understand their past and present in times of political uncertainty, and how this affects their actions and future orientations. More precisely, the analysis centers on the leaders of political parties in Romania and France, who expected to build their strong or even overwhelming popularity into political dominance in the post-World War Two years. But because these leaders represented the Communists in France and non-Communist parties in Romania, they were unsuccessful. While this outcome is, with hindsight, unsurprising, it does not mean that once Soviet tanks made it to Bucharest and American troops arrived in Paris, these individuals simply gave up their attempts to come to power. Instead, I argue that in both places, leaders of very different ideologies were involved in failures of imagination: they failed to adjust their expectations and behaviors to the new political realities emerging in their countries, largely because they misunderstood these new contexts. This paper thus makes a historiographical and conceptual contribution by highlighting the importance of actors' intent, and specifically how uncertain contexts lead to action choices that have unintended, and indeed undesirable consequences. In turn, building on a Bourdieusian model of uncertainty, and psychological studies of imagination, I show that a choice of action from within a cultural repertoire may be wrong, in the sense that the outcome of the action does not meet the goal intended when the action was taken. We see, then, that failure is endemic to human action, happening at the intersection of actors' past, present, and future, while gaining a conceptual model of culture through which to study such failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial disparities in outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are well-documented, and evidence of racial disparities in other forms of fertility treatments has also been observed. To date, much of the research on these disparities has focused on individual-level causes. This paper contextualizes these disparities using the weathering hypothesis. Using the National Survey of Family Growth and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study evaluates whether there is evidence of weathering among women of color seeking fertility treatments. The study finds limited consistent evidence of weathering among these groups. However, the study is limited weaknesses in the available data. As a result, the paper demonstrates the promise and limits of the available data to answer empirical questions regarding disparities in fertility treatments that have spurred a national public health action plan and numerous commentaries from scholars and professional organizations. The paper concludes with a discussion of next steps needed in the field to better understand the "under the skin" processes that may underlie disparities in fertility treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of recent publications in sociology, moral psychology, and social psychology have voiced concern about the existence of "sacred" values within the social sciences. More specifically, such critics contend that the construction of sacred victims (i.e. the morally, and thus empirically inviolable) in sociology and other disciplines has biased both theory construction and the gathering and consideration of evidence. This paper argues that these contributions have incorrectly directed analysis at the field's communicated content, the opus operatum. As argued here, the correct level of analysis, one which can account for the existence of sacred valuations within a scientific field (i.e. immunity from peer criticism) is more so at the sub-cognitive, generative mental schemata more specifically, which as principles of composition are within, but therefore not of, perception. This paper outlines the content of such heuristics (oppressor-victim binaries), the psychological orientation they engender, their origin and rationalization amid and under the express theorization within the field, the vulnerabilities of intellectual fields their adoption reveal, and the recursive, selfreinforcing effect they have on the field (i.e. self-evidency resulting from accumulations of scholarship). The paper concludes with noting that areas of sociology will remain in an assimilationist phase (in the Piagetian sense) if such modus operandi are not brought into explicit recognition, hence discussion, within the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between neoliberal globalization and long-term adverse social and environmental consequences of the 1984 Bhopal disaster. The Bhopal disaster that killed 25,000 and injured 600,000 is only remembered by the spectacle of its immediate aftermath. What remains understudied is the way in which the slow violence of social and environmental destruction continues to affect marginalized people living in Bhopal. Bhopal is a site of slow violence because Bhopal represents prolonged devastation that continues over time and space. More than 100,000 in Bhopal remain chronically ill; children continue to be born with physical and mental deformities; women and girls suffer many reproductive health complications; and contaminated soil and groundwater affect thousands of marginalized Bhopalis. This paper attempts to go beyond the spectacle-driven understanding of the tragedy by examining (1) the Bhopal disaster as the outcome of a process in which developed countries/sites offshore socioecological risks to poor countries/sites; (2) the ongoing adverse consequences of the disaster as the outcome of a dynamic that renders invisible the slow violence of social and environmental harms affecting vulnerable populations in marginalized countries. This paper uses a mixed-method approach, drawing data from 50 interviews with Bhopal victims and activists and relevant archives and official and independent reports. Additionally, I create and use a cross-national dataset on industrial disasters that have enduring social and environmental consequences. This research on the intersection of environmental justice, neoliberalism, development, disaster, and resistance has multiple scholarly implications, both methodological and theoretical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What explains the mechanism by which mentoring produces benefits? What explains why mentoring benefits some more than others? While extant scholarship is focused on the characteristics of mentors/protégés or the content of mentoring relationships, I show that the success of mentoring is a function of structural factors like mentors' field position. Using data from interviews with 27 art school professors, I show how mentors (professors) activate capital on behalf of protégés (students) and how the capital activation process is constrained by the structure of the art world and mentors' position within it. I found that professors activate capital through four primary activities: giving advice or instruction (cultural capital), passing information (social capital), mining networks (social capital), and exerting influence (symbolic capital). I also found that capital activation--thus, the success of mentoring relationships--was constrained by professors' position at field intersections. Professors positioned at field intersections--e.g., professors with gallery representation--were more valuable to protégés, on average, than mentors positioned in one field only. This paper addresses the mentoring literature by showing how the structural context of mentoring can constrain protégé outcomes. This paper also addresses organizational field theory, where research on field intersections and capital activation are underdeveloped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The birth of medical sociology is often traced back to the 1950's. During this time, sociologists who were interested in medicine began forging relationships with physicians to develop research projects that often took place in hospitals (Bradby 2012; Hollingshead 1973). As such, much of the early work in medical sociology centered the role of physicians in healthcare and largely overlooked other healthcare providers such registered nurses (RNs), nurse practitioners (NPs), and other auxiliary workers. Although the purview of medical sociology has swelled, medical sociologists' fixation on physicians has remained stable over the years, and there is a dearth of research on healthcare professionals who are not physicians. The aim of this paper is to explore the field of nursing through a sociological lens, focusing on the obstacles nurses have faced in the pursuit of professionalization. I begin with an overview of the classical theories of professions (i.e. Abbott and Freidson) as well as a feminist critique of this body of work. I then cover the empirical literature on nursing and the professions and provide a brief overview of the gendered history of healthcare. This highlights the historical processes that have shaped the differential statuses and jurisdictions in medicine and nursing that have led to the crystallization of male privilege in theory and practice. I then discuss the structural and cultural constraints on nursing as an occupation, and nurses' responses to these constraints. Lastly, I review the limitation of this work, opportunities for research and provide concluding remarks. This paper builds on both medical sociology and the sociology of work and professions literatures and addresses calls to explore how the changing nature of medical work impacts occupational groups, and how white male privilege has led to social closure in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents within-class variation in high-SES students' aspirations and achievement-orientation at the point of transition to higher education. Previous research suggests that high-SES students are socialized in a family- and classenvironment that leads them to pursue admissions to high-status post-secondary institutions and develop an entrepreneurial and strategic attitude toward school in an effort to build a "competitive" resume for college. In this paper, I report evidence from a qualitative study of college-bound upper-middle-class high school students that complicates this dominant conception. Drawing on data collected across three highperforming suburban high schools in the American Northeast, I find that even though many upper-middle-class adolescents do in fact hold ambitious post-secondary aspirations and compete for admissions to high-status colleges and universities, some students display a much more reserved attitude toward college. These students maintain more moderate post-secondary aspirations than their peers and deliberately curtail, rather than maximize, their efforts to compete for admissions to top-tier colleges and universities. My analysis indicates that these within-class differences in students' attitudes toward selective college admissions are the product of a combination of factors, including students' academic high school environment or contingent events affecting members of their family or friends. These findings contribute to existing scholarship by shedding light on intra-class differences in high- SES students' attitudes toward educational institutions and proposing several possible mechanisms that may cause such within-class variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores how household arrangement influences parental engagement on children's education among urban mothers in the United States, using five waves of panel data from the Fragile Families and Child Welling Study (N = 2,982). The study compares the difference in educational engagement between couples (married or cohabiting) and single mothers. Logistic regression models are be utilized to examine the impacts of household arrangement on the possibility of enrolling children in tutoring, initiating a conversation with teachers, and frequent book reading with children. The preliminary results suggest compared to mothers who live with partners, single mothers who consistently live alone (wave 4 & 5) are just as likely as the couples to hire a tutor, but are less likely to initiate conversations with teachers, after controlling for household structure, financial factors, and mother's and children's characteristics. The results also suggest no difference in after-school tutoring enrollment or frequent book reading across household arrangements. This paper will also discuss racial disparity in certain engagement outcomes between racial minorities and white mothers. The findings of this paper will have important implication on understanding the advantages and obstacles single motherhood face in urban areas. The study also suggests new hypotheses for the study of racial gap in educational engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper builds on Joel Isaac's analysis of "interstitial" arrangements that generate scientific knowledge, and also draws upon the networking model of theory groups articulated by Nicholas and Caroline Mullins. I consider how the "interstitial academy" at Harvard, as well as Talcott Parsons's navigation of it, facilitated his professional rise from a vulnerable young instructor in economics in 1927 to one of the most prominent social scientists in the United States in 1951. I examine Parsons's engagement with curriculum-building committees in sociology and social ethics, in "the area of social science" and in social relations, as well as with undergraduate courses on institutions and on sociological theory, including a graduate student discussion circle, and with seminars on Pareto, on rationality and on "basic social science." In some instances, Parsons's involvement as a newcomer or junior participant led to important peer alliances, or to the support of higher ranking faculty and administrators who sponsored his advancement. In other instances, especially as his ascent progressed, Parsons played the more powerful role of "indispensable hub" who gained stature by organizing cross-disciplinary interaction. Parsons's interdisciplinary collaboration also placed him an initial administrative role that would prepare him to serve as chair of two academic departments. The final and most important outcome of the process of upward mobility was the creation of a "theory school" that elevated Parsons to a unique status as the most boundary-spanning theorist of the social sciences. The paper thus supplements existing accounts of the rise of Parsons while also offering a mode of analysis that might be widely applied to the careers of other social scientists, both contemporary and historical in diverse academic settings and national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What determines whether an individual will fit with the culture of an organiza- tion? While a number of theories focus on the importance of cultural similarity at the time of hiring, there is considerably less research measuring the dynamics of fit once individuals enter an organization. This paper identifies imprinting as a possible conceptual tool for making sense of cultural fit. By further developing two aspects of fit, persistence and intersecting imprints, this paper develops a number of hypotheses about how individuals are inuenced by their previous experiences, and what might be moderating this inuence. I then test these hypotheses within the setting of project based organizations in the tech industry, a popular organizational form where individ- uals move between different projects, which may develop slightly different subcultures. This paper introduces a new dataset of 49 project based organizations which include 331 projects, 605 individuals, and 15,195 source code contributions, which allows for detailed study of the lasting inuence of project subculture on individual action as they move through different projects within the organization. This dataset provides significant new possibilities for analysis due to both its breadth and depth. Findings show that both initial and recent experiences play a role in shaping an individual's cultural fit. Moreover, more attention should be paid to the layered imprints of more recent experiences, as newer imprints provide at least as strong an effect on cultural fit as initial imprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper unpacks the origins of the Korean developmental state's formation (1960s- 1970s) by studying the first generation of Korean engineers and scientists who, returning from abroad, joined the Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), established in 1966. KIST played a pivotal role in Korean science and technology development and the heavy chemical industrialization (HCI) in the 1970s. A study of this group and their relationship with the state bureaucracy addresses a gap in the literature. Current research focuses on the variations in the state's capacities to coordinate economic development among late industrializers, but there is little discussion concerning the instigation of a developmental state. In the limited amount of research that tackles the question of origins, the conventional wisdom attributes the formation of the Korean developmental state to exogenous factors such as post-war geopolitics and US aid/connection, or indigenous factors such as the role of developmental will, nationalism, and the great man thesis that emphasizes the political leader of President Park Chung Hee. But not much is known about the micro foundations of the state and how particular policy directions were chosen. Through interviews and archival research of the key engineers who helped to draft the heavy industrialization programs of the 1960s and 1970s, this paper illustrates how these KIST engineers, through their transnational connections and relationships with President Park and with the Economic Planning Board, helped to shape the specific patterns of industrial development in Korea, an industrialization that was propelled by geopolitics of the cold war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the material dimensions of social behaviour has received increasing attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. This interest has taken new forms in sociological analysis, reflecting continued attempts to address the precise role and impact of materiality. The inclusion of affordance theory into sociological analysis has been one method of addressing the role of objects in behaviour, addressing dualities of object and subject, structure and agency, and determinism and volunteerism that were once primary concerns for work on material culture. Attending to these dualisms previously contributed significantly to our understanding of the role of structure on human behaviour, but limits our progress by falling into debates around determinism and volunteerism. This paper argues that we can move beyond presumed duality of materiality and sociality by further expanding the model of perception utilized in affordance theory, providing additional clarification on the how affordances are constituted. Through the use of a qualitative database, this paper explores how social and material qualities can be mutually accounted for in affordance theory through the analysis of copyright infringement. Including both the identification and judgment of affordances in the model of perception, this paper demonstrates how expanding our understanding of agentic elements clarifies the role of materiality in shaping behaviour. Attending to how copyright infringers perceptually judge the affordances of digital media will clarify the role of cognition, map out the differences between digital and physical objects, and outline possible impacts of material qualities in shaping consumption behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual violence is an issue that disproportionately affects women and as such, is both a sign of and a contributor to gender inequality. Despite the recent growth of Title IX offices, administrators, and policies aimed at preventing sexual violence on university campuses, rates of sexual violence remain high: an estimated 1 in 5 women are sexually assaulted in college. Research on women in higher education has focused mostly on women's access to higher education and a growing female advantage in college completion, which has had the unintended effect of obscuring inequalities women experience within college environments. This paper addresses how university administrators make meaning of sexual violence on their campuses. I report from interview data on university administrators' experiences of creating and implementing Title IX policies. I argue that Title IX administrators' conceptions of campus sexual violence ignores issues of power. Caught between their own disassociation from the second-hand trauma of bearing witness to sexual assault, the constant threat of lawsuits, the pressure to be neutral, and other societal pressures, Title IX administrators construct narratives that neutralize the students who report sexual misconduct and those who are accused of it. This paper sheds new light on how universities are responding to sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common and long-running concern across the world relates to the impact of increasing population aging on health care utilization and more evidence about the inequality in health care utilization by older adults in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) is necessary for assessing the capacity of health care systems in LMICs to align with the universal health coverage agenda. In this paper, using data from WHO Study on global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa, multi-national magnitude in inequality of health care use is measured by concentration index in each country. The results show that a pro-rich inequality in health care utilization existed: China Mexico and Ghana show up with a high degree of inequality in outpatient service utilization; most of the countries show up with low level of inequality for inpatient service (except China). Then especially India, but also Ghana, South Africa and China, show up with high degree of inequality and inequity in chronic diseases service utilization. However, there doesn't appear to be one system characteristic of inequality in health care utilization since these six countries all have very diverse characteristics with different stages of the demographic and epidemiological transitions. The decomposition shows that income itself is the most important but not the only driving factor. And distribution of education, health insurance and urban/rural residents are the prime other contributors to health inequality. Also, this paper shows that inequalities for non-communicative diseases service utilization in LMICs produce big challenges, which underlines the role of prevention and health promotion throughout the life course to help reduce burden due to non-communicable diseases. This paper provides a number of new insights on population aging's impact on health care utilization in low- and middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Right has historically opposed democracy and provided support only when democracy was made "safe" for elite interests. This makes the actions of the Right in Venezuela between 2006-2013 highly surprising. During this time Venezuela was in the midst of a radicalizing period of left-populist rule. The Right had earlier opposed this project by supporting a military coup, amongst other things. But from 2006-2013 the Right not only failed to work to end democracy, but actually worked to deepen democracy at the local level. This paper argues that this occurred because of the presence of leftist hegemony in Venezuela during this time. This restructured the political rules of the game such that the Right was compelled to play on the Left's terrain. The paper uses this case, in comparison with Bolivia, to advance a novel theory of the relationship between the Right and democracy, centered on the Right's contrasting behavior towards democratic leftist threats in situations where leftist hegemony is present versus absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy transitions are often portrayed as inexorable technological advances that displace earlier energy systems because of the new energy source's greater technical efficiency and cost savings for capital. However, a few have argued that interest in new energy sources is often motivated by a desire to reduce vulnerability to labor (e.g. oil required much less labor than hand digging for coal in the late 1800s and early 1900s and typically requires less labor than even modern large scale coal mining, LNG production and transport takes almost no labor). In this paper, we utilize our raw materialist lengthened GCCs approach to focus on the role of labor in the development of new energy sources over the last two centuries. Rather than being a simple matter of technical and cost superiority, these transitions can be better characterized as the addition of new energy sources to the capitalist world-economy (Ciccantell and Gellert 2018). We argue that much of this process of addition of energy sources is the result of capital's desire to reduce its vulnerability to demands and disruptions by labor organizations by creating new energy GCCs that incorporate new energy supplies in new areas worked by new and often unorganized workers. In the two newest forms of energy extracting and production, hydraulic fracturing for oil and natural gas and renewable energy wind and solar power, we find a surprising reversal of this long term trend toward using less labor per unit of energy produced. The goal of our final paper will be to deeply probe these empirical patterns and attempt to move our conceptual understanding of how labor, tempered by various global political economy and world-system forces, factors into the changing mix of energy sources in particular countries and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This working paper presents new research and argumentation regarding the way we think about the material culture of place and argues that thinking hard about place is essential for addressing social inequality in our cities. Drawing on new empirical research - ethnographic observation, photography, and interviews - it takes the varied communities and landscapes of the San Francisco Bay Area as a lens through which to interrogate the prominent trend of socalled "placemaking" in urban planning, development, and design. I argue that placemaking is intellectually incoherent and frequently elitist in practice, often ignoring existing places while portending a real possibility of both displacement, through the destruction of existing place and their replacement with architectures of exclusion, and also placelessness, through the reproduction of generic, anonymizing aesthetics. The paper concludes by addressing the irony of the new places being made by the displaced - the unhoused - and positing a reclaiming of the term to understand the new architectures of marginalization in the Bay Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a new original database on global level social protest and labor unrest from 1851 to the present, this paper shows that, since 2011, we have been experiencing an "unusual" wave of global social protest. We compare the frequency, geographical spread and class composition of the current protest wave with previous global waves of protest in 1905, 1917-1919, the 1930s, the 1960s and 1989. Our data shows that years in which mass social/labor unrest is taking place simultaneously in many countries are rare, and that hegemonic crisis/breakdown periods are disproportionately represented among these years. Moreover, we argue that we are presently living through a period of crisis/breakdown of US hegemony, which is in many ways analogous to the early 20th century crisis/breakdown of British worldhegemony. Among the similarities between these two periods that can be seen from the GSP dataset are the surge of unemployment related movements and the rise of far-right movements. The analysis presented in the paper also highlights key differences between the two hegemonic crisis periods such as the lack of open warfare between great powers, increasing frequency of labor unrest in the global south and the increase in alternative (non-strike) forms of workers' struggles. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the paper's comparative-historical analysis for understanding the present; and in particular pointing to how two intertwined processes--world hegemonic crisis and global social protest--has shaped and is continuing to shape the emerging world (dis-)order of the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to present a framework to analyze revolutions spatio-temporally. Instead of attempting to make an expansive list of meanings and experiences of revolutionary times and spaces, I argue that a better strategy is to construct a conceptual framework to make sense of the complexities and diversities of these spaces. I argue that such a framework includes the following features. Spaces and times of revolutions are: 1) exceptionally textured, 2) multiple, 3) marked/bounded, 4) dynamic, and 5) relational. Theoretically and methodologically, I am invoking the notion of kairós, defined here as proper or opportune or the right time for action, and use it as an analytical strategy. This framework has four theoretical implications: 1) it will enhance the processural analysis of revolutions and studying revolutions as trajectories; 2) it highlight the mutual benefits of bringing literatures on temporalities and spatialities of revolutions together; 3) it gives attention to rise of new meanings and experiences of times and spaces brought by technological advancements and digital experiences; and 4) it gives attention to the multiplicities of spatiotemporal experiences in the social world. The paper based on ethnographic, archival, and socialmedia based research conducted in Egypt between 2011-2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of the role of economic threat in the formation of public attitudes toward immigration in Ireland. Research has identified realistic threat, particularly related to scarce economic resources, as one of the main drivers of anti-immigration sentiment (Quillian, 1995; Mayda, 2006; Billiet et al., 2014). Since the onset of the economic crisis, public opinion in many European countries has become more hostile towards migration, particularly in those countries most affected by economic recession. This is generally assumed to be a consequence of economic threat, with greater competition for jobs and resources leading to a hardening in attitudes. Using the European Social Survey and the Labour Force Survey, this paper investigates if individuals in sectors and occupations; i) more exposed to economic uncertainty, and ii) with greater representation of migrants can account for hardening attitudes towards immigration. This study contributes to the larger body of research on anti-immigration attitudes and contributes to a better understanding of economic threat in the formation of public attitudes towards immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric practitioners are America's foremost medico-scientific authorities on children and childhood. Yet, few studies have investigated how pediatric providers define childhood and describe the natures of children. Based on a large ethnographic study at a top-ranked children's hospital on the West Coast of the United States, which included semi-structured interviews with twenty-five medical doctors and nurse practitioners, this paper examines how pediatric providers construct childhood. Drawing on two robust, but disparate, literatures - childhood studies and medical sociology - this paper poses a theoretical question: how does the authority of children measure up to medical authority? Interview data show that pediatric providers subscribe to popular sociocultural beliefs that children are innocent, vulnerable, emotional, optimistic, energetic, and resilient and that childhood should be a time of exploration, learning, and fun. Providers cite children's perceived helplessness, lack of logic, reason, and cognitive understanding as they advocate for quality healthcare for all children. I argue that how practitioners define childhood is central to how they construct pediatric medicine as a medical specialty. What pediatricians tell us about children reflects how they perceive themselves as medical authorities and caretakers of children. How practitioners construct childhood is central to their call for social justice and healthcare access, but, ultimately and ironically, undermines childhood agency, autonomy, and authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous scholars have explored differences across urban places, producing a theory of neighborhood effects. They have debated how these geographic differences are shaped by selection or causation, as well as by structure or culture. Other researchers have explored how people's outcomes differ from those of others if they live not in urban, but in rural places. The following paper combines these two literatures to derive predictions for how high school students who live in rural, suburban, and urban areas may face different types of educational inequality. In the current version, the paper assesses how socioeconomic selection and causation may shape the transitions that students make at the end of and immediately after high school, and how these factors differ by location. It compares results from models based on a cohort who became seniors in 2004, four years before the recession, and 2012, four years after the economic crash. In brief, the findings suggest urban students had more success at making subsequent transitions than did both suburban and rural students, and that this variation is partially associated with socioeconomic differences between families. The differences between students by place were stronger among those who left high school in the early 2000s than among those who did so 8 years later. In the version to be presented at ASA, the paper will explore evidence of whether and how these lives are shaped by culture and structure that varies geographically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a population of 150,000 (roughly), Mormon polygamists are significantly over-represented in popular culture. This research is part of a larger book project that explores this alternative religious population as peculiar stakeholders in popular culture. The major strands of the Mormon polygamist religious view of celestial marriage are the formation of an interpersonal, connected web in the afterlife; the preservation of Biblical patriarchy; and the righteousness of attempting to love like God does. In contrast with earlier efforts by Mormon polygamists such as George Reynolds v. United States (1878), the Sister Wives family's case for polygamous marriage rights centers less on religious freedom and instead utilizes contemporary discourse around family well-being, diversity of loving relationships, and marriage equality. Alternatively, the characters of a newer show, Three Wives, One Husband, contextualize their polygamist lifestyle within traditional Mormon fundamentalist spiritual beliefs. This paper analyzes religious beliefs about plural marriage, and the representation of these in reality television, using three case studies of Mormon polygamists in Utah. Through which religious or spiritual principles do contemporary Mormon polygamists understand their practice of plural marriage? How accurately do Mormon polygamists think media such as reality TV shows have depicted religiosity, religious belief, or religious culture in contemporary Mormon polygamy? Do they believe the shows have affected or transformed Mormon fundamentalists' culture in any way? The paper contributes to scholarly knowledge about the effects of media on, and the power of media for, religious minorities and sexual minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demobilization is a chronically understudied aspect of social conflict and contentious politics. This paper examines how revolutionary movements engage in processes of demobilization, with the intention of developing new theoretical tools for the analysis of these processes from a movement-led perspective. The paper traces the demobilization of formal organizations, activists, and casual participants in the years following Egypt's 2011 revolution, drawing on a diverse array of historical sources, as well as first-hand in-depth interviews with 26 participants in Egypt's revolutionary and post-revolutionary struggles. The paper identifies three distinct dynamics of demobilization: Distraction, Division and Disillusion. These three dynamics were most prominent among organizations, activists and casual participants respectively, indicating that different elements within movements also follow distinctive pathways of demobilization. By contrast, state repression played only a relatively small role during the demobilization process, but substantially developed after an initial phase of movement-led demobilization had occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the centrality of families impacted by DACA to the ideals and practices of a sanctuary movement in Western Massachusetts. Movement members provids sanctuary to undocumented immigrants, advocate for immigration reform, manage an immigrant hotline, and partake in community aid and deportation resistance. This paper shows how the sanctuary movement offers a space for the articulation of family desires and mobilizes resources to materialize these desires. Existing literature emphasizes the historically transnational and divided nature of immigrant families. Building on this research, my paper shows that sanctuary movements revolutionize family arrangements among the DACA community by creating sanctuaries that allow families to stay together. Using meeting- and militant-ethnography and indepth interviews, I argue that for the DACA community the realms of family life and political life mediate each other profoundly. Having a (nuclear) family offers undocumented immigrants a measure of recognition as a political subject. Mixedstatus families (especially those with DACA and USborn children) occupy a central role in the realm of undocumented immigrant community activism, precisely because those families most closely approximate the ideal of the American nuclear family ensconced by a white picket fence. Movement participants collectively construct a shared imaginary of family life. It is through these real and imagined equivalences in the emotions around family life that the movement builds bonds of affinity between its DACA activists and citizen allies and makes demands for the equal treatment of immigrant populations by the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing gender perspective into international migration studies has been considered very important since the end of the 20th century. However, there is not much discussion on how the gender structure of home country causes immigrants' international migration. Classical studies on international migration have revealed that economic and political disparity between home country and host country causes international migration. In this paper, the author clarifies that the disparity of gender structure between two countries may motivate women's international migration. This study focuses on women who moved to the United States from postwar Japan. The proportion of women in the Japanese people who immigrate to the United States far exceeds the national average. The characteristic of Japanese female immigrants is that there are few women who migrated to the US with their families. Many have migrated alone. In this paper, the author will analyze the interview data for the Japanese female immigrants who live in single metropolitan areas in the West Coast of the United States. The author analyzes the data of 15 women who have migrated to the United States alone, collected by the interview research held from 2011 to 2014. Many Japanese informants in the study reported resistance to gender structure in Japanese society. In any case, it is clear that "gender structure" difference between the home country and the host country becomes an important factor which cause women's international migration. As classical studies on immigration shows that economic and political gap between the home country and the host country causes international migration, this paper disclosed that the disparity of gender structure between two countries may motivate women's international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing attention to the experience of religious believers by sociologists has helped foster interest in how the organization and material development of space facilitates religious commitment. While fruitful, this research has struggled to link its interest in spatial arrangements to larger questions about religious change over time. Taking a historical approach, this paper investigates the town planning practices associated with the Congregational and Presbyterian establishment in Puritan New England. Following political sociologists who study the role of state institutions in the development of the built environment, the paper examines the Puritan approach to the landscape as a form of fostering religious legitimacy. Utilizing primary and secondary historical materials to describe the origins, development, and eventual propagation of these town planning schemes throughout New England's first two centuries of growth, the paper urges that a coherent tradition of 'religious logistics' animated and shaped religious institution building in the American context. Where successful, this drive to develop space has left durable material structures that still shape religious activity today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers gender inequality in the music industry at every level of gender as a social structure (Risman 2004). It does this through an analysis of individual musical preferences (Last.fm), Billboard top artists of 2016, and Coachella's headliners from 2016 and 2017. This paper finds that the highest level of gender as a social structure, the institutional level, possesses the most gender inequality (Coachella), the lowest level, individual, displays the most equality (Last.fm), and the intermediate level, interactional/cultural level (Billboard top 100) falls somewhere in between. I deem the lack of progress of the highest level institutional stagnation. This paper also finds that groups consisting of more than one woman are most disadvantaged, but that solo women have achieved huge success almost to the point of reaching parity with men on some levels, a phenomenon that I call tokenormativity. Overall, this paper shows the need for change at the highest levels of the music industry, and that the lower levels demand this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades into an aggressive movement to privatize public goods and services, philanthropy is under a microscope. U.S. policy retrenchment has placed significant burden on the private sector to fund basic social services through philanthropic foundations. As many theorists would have predicted, those goods and services appropriately identified as public goods that required the equalizing constraints of delivery through public bureaucracies run into trouble when they must be provided through private philanthropy. Social services funded through private mechanisms, without public oversight and policy driven structures, will likely reflect the system's inequities. Recent critiques point to what is lost in the retreat to private provision of public goods. This paper enters the conversation at the level of communities and local philanthropies that are engaging with public and private entities in collaborative impact approaches to social change. I explore the potential role for engaged applied Sociology in helping diverse publics understand their own communities' needs, identify causal mechanisms at work, and support a move away from local elites simply doing what they think is right (or what makes them feel good) and toward informed decision-making to address root causes of problematic social dynamics. Engaged applied sociology can provide community decision makers with current research and best practices and can help communities understand the implications of privatization and the places where they may need to reconsider public provision to ensure that needs are met and broad access to opportunity is a reality. This paper suggests that robust public conversation on appropriate roles for markets, public structures, and philanthropy is essential both to democracy and to building resilient communities and an economy that delivers more broadly shared prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress research has established the pathways through which life events predict varying mental health outcomes for individuals, but has given less attention to how individuals come to interpret these life events as stressors. Using data from 18 in-depth, open-ended interviews with individuals that have been diagnosed with either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes, this paper uses diagnosis with a chronic illness as an empirical case to study how individuals interpret and give meaning to stressors they face. This paper also aims to fulfill a need in stress research to uncover the structural and cultural origins of the meanings that individuals give to stressors. Using the "Sort and Sift, Think and Shift" method of qualitative analysis, I find that the meanings given to diagnosis with a chronic illness as a stressor originate from three source levels: the individual level (e.g., biography, personality), the interpersonal level (e.g., social support, social comparisons), and the cultural level (i.e., cultural understandings, norms, and expectations about encountering and managing a given stressor). Organizing the origins of the meanings given to stressors by individuals into these three levels could allow scholars to understand what types of objective life circumstances lead to differential interpretations of a given stressor, as well as pinpoint at what level interventions can be implemented to alleviate stress. Empirically, findings indicate that the type of chronic illness and age at which an individual are diagnosed have significant influence on how an individual might interpret being diagnosed. This paper also suggest that life events might not be inherently strenuous, but are rather interpreted as more or less so based on other life circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes multiple predictors of tie formation among musicians in the popular music industry. Research in the production of culture tradition of sociology emphasizes the importance of structural factors on creativity, and the dynamics of team formation speak to this. Team structures are important in a variety of outcomes, such as popular, peer, and market recognition. As such, I analyze various types of homophily and potential triadic closure in the propensity for two artists to form a tie. I do this using longitudinal, big data collection and employing a repeated discrete-time event history analysis. I find support for the importance of genre as a social signal independent of musical qualities, and evidence of structural effects such as transitivity. The results of this paper and the nature of the data collected show the promise for future research pertaining to network analyses, questions of multiplexity, and the role of categories in career success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial motivation for this paper was the puzzle of evangelical support for Donald Trump leading up to the 2016 presidential election. Why would "values voters" - who for the last four decades have promoted biblical morality and traditional marriage - support a thricemarried casino-owner who cannot quote a Bible verse and has previously supported Planned Parenthood and LGBT-friendly policies? To investigate this question, I lived and worked in Pleasant Fields - a small, historically conservative Christian town in the Midwest - between April 2016 and January 2017. I conducted fifty in-depth interviews; worked part-time as a diner waitress; and participated in churches, volunteer organizations, McDonald's coffee groups, and a range of social spaces and community events. I returned for a shorter stint of fieldwork and follow-up interviews in December 2017. In this paper, I use these data to explore how white evangelicals draw upon their cultural toolkit (particularly conceptions of evil, narratives of America's Christian founding, and End Times imagery) to make sense of the challenges facing America and justify their political choices. The two most frequently and extensively discussed concerns articulated to me by Pleasant Fields evangelicals are Islamic terrorism and the advancement of the "LGBT agenda." Both are conceptualized as threats to the freedom of Christians, the status of truth, and the moral direction of America. The language used to talk about Islam and the LGBT agenda is imbued with notions of "evil," assigning theological weight to the "lesser of two evils" justification of Trump. These twin enemies are placed within an underlying narrative of spiritual warfare and the approach of the End Times, in which violence, sexual immorality, and persecution place Christians in a highly precarious position. Against the backdrop of significant demographic and cultural shifts that have led to declining numbers and influence of white evangelicals in America, insecurities about group position are highly salient. Within the theologically-framed narrative of spiritual peril and global uncertainty, the New Testament injunction to be "shrewd as serpents" functions to legitimate pragmatic political choices that may appear to be at odds with evangelicals' espoused ethical commitments. At this historical moment in American politics, Donald Trump is (still) perceived by his white evangelical supporters as a strong figure with the capacity to stem the progress of societal evils and protect the freedoms of evangelicals living in Pleasant Fields, despite his complete non-alignment with Christian ethics at the individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As governance and corporations become transnational in their business and governing efforts, those who are affected tend to identify with one another and combine their efforts of resistance. This paper utilizes multimodal critical discourse analysis and text-mining to examine transnational solidarity efforts between Occupied Palestine and Black communities in the U.S. Through an exploration of tweets, Facebook posts, campaigns, news, and various forms of art, we illustrate the affective intelligence in the political communication (communicative power) between the two groups, drawing connections between their struggles. In addition, this paper illustrates how individual forms of resistance have the power to transform into more powerful forms of collective resistance. Moreover, the paper places the Black strugglein the U.S. and the Palestinian struggle in Occupied Palestine within the larger social context of the global formation of asymmetric wars discussed by Sassen (2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-civil rights era was a transformative period for Black organizations. In this period, organizations had to contend with the changing cultural and political terrain of the United States. Typically social movement scholars have examined movements at the level of the state, paying minimal attention to the relationship between movements and organizations. This paper examines Black Greek-letter organization sororities' interactions with the Black feminist movement from 1968-1980 as a case of how mainstream voluntary associations interact with radical movements. Through a comparative historical analysis of two Black sororities, I find that while one sorority engages in racial uplift and respectability politics - frames that the organizations had historically engaged with - the other sorority begins to incorporate Black feminist frames and language into their organization. I conclude the paper by discussing the way that examining the incorporation of Black feminist frames can help to extend upon the concept of interstitial politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture project as a neoliberal enterprise to highlight the ways in which neoliberalism can be understood different ly in an authoritarian regime. Although Istanbul seems to be a city in line with features of a typical neoliberal urban regime, the expected local partnership between state, market, and civil society did not occur in the 2010 ECoC project. While the literature recognizes the multiplicity of neoliberalisms, this paper attempts to define the status of civil society as a variable without further emphasizing the complexity of the subject. The claim is that Istanbul 2010 ECoC project failed firstly because Turkey displayed an anomaly during its neoliberal transformation and built local coalitions without granting autonomy to local actors and secondly the civil society was disorganized to the extent that it could not successfully collaborate with other actors in those coalitions. The paper will inquire the correspondence of the objectives of ECoC Action and of Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency, and then, question the effectivity and sustainability of the results of the 2010 projects by comparatively surveying the processes of organization and implementation in Istanbul, Essen, and Pécs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars studying the impact of contextual factors on deviance overwhelmingly focus on crimes committed in low-income neighborhoods. In contrast, this paper focuses on deviant behaviors of the ultra-wealthy in the form of tax haven usage. I create a novel dataset by combining leaked geocoded data from the Panama Papers, Paradise Papers, and others, with block group-level data from the American Community Survey. Using multilevel logistic regression models, I find that communities with higher levels of education and non-traditional family structures - namely, more divorces and fewer children - are associated with a greater likelihood of tax haven usage, controlling for other factors such as SES and racial composition. Lower racial and ethnic homogeneity does not increase likelihood of this deviant behavior. These findings present a significant contribution to existing research, which mainly links cultural elements, network ties, and policing to deviant behavior in poorer neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]