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Currently, paper pulping production from woody materials has many disadvantages due to its high energy, chemical, water consumption, methane emissions, and deforestation. However, the use of non-woody materials solves these problems. This study focused on the use of non-virgin raw material (Enset leaf fiber) in pulp and paper making. Enset leaf residues are the primary solid residues after the steam plant is used for “Kocho” processing. This leaf fiber has a lignocellulose component, converting this residue into Pulp and paper is crucial in terms of economic and waste management via the Kraft process. It has a higher fiber quality, lower energy consumption, and high recoverability of the chemical raw materials used in the process. The chemical composition of the Enset leaf fiber was analyzed using the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper. It has an excellent fiber length (2.12±1.46mm), fiber diameter (26.55±15.6µm) and acceptable rigidity coefficient (1.05±0.07), and flexibility coefficient (125.23±0.04). The maximum pulp yield was obtained at a temperature of 120°C, NaOH concentration of 8%, and 40 min cooking time off, which was 69.92% w/w. The functional groups of the Enset leaf fiber and morphological characteristics of the fiber were investigated.

Natural fibers have been extensively studied as a reinforcement filler in obtaining composites, replacing partially synthetic fibers. The vast majority of these materials originate from agro-industrial waste with a high content of lignin and cellulose making it a very interesting material with low cost and good mechanical properties. The purpose of the study was to obtain a composite based on alkyl ketene dimer resin, for the manufacture of sustainable packaging, made of paper by adding a 10% (w/w) con-tent of green coconut fiber and sugarcane bagasse fiber, and evaluated the impact of the filler on the mechanical behavior of the systems. The studied material was characterized from mechanical tests, such as Ring Crush Test (RCT) and Concora Medium Test (CMT) evaluating the maximum resistance supported by centimeter in the pre-pared composites, by the specimens. Through the RCT tests, with 10% w/w fibers, it was possible to verify that the fiber from sugarcane bagasse reached an increase of about 1% in the reinforcement effect compared to pure paper, and a difference of up to 2% in strength mechanics in relation to coir fiber, and CMT tests shows the reinforcement effect of the presence of sugarcane bagasse fiber, with an increase of about 3% compared to pure paper, and with a mechanical strength higher by 1% compared to coconut fiber. Therefore, the study was funneled with sugar cane fiber, varying the content by 20 and 30 % (w/w), evaluating the impact on the dispersion of this filler in the polymeric matrix and, consequently, the mechanical response of the composite with these compositions. The conclusion of the study was that the system prepared with 20% (w/w) was the one that achieved the greatest optimization of the mechanical properties, evaluated by the tests. This type of material can be applied to obtain cardboard boxes with resistance to high loads, due to the achievement of good mechanical properties.

The aim of this study was to study the morphology and structural characteristic of NCC hydrolyzed from filter paper. The NCCs were extracted by acid hydrolysis at 50°C for 1 hour, using 55% conc. H2SO4 under vigorous mechanical stirring, centrifugation at 12000 rpm in distillate water and followed by homogenizing at 7000 rpm. The morphology and surface profiles of the NCC suspension was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystalline structure of the NCC was evaluated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. As a result, hydrolysed NCC was found to have a rod liked shape with diameter in the range of 100-300nm length and 10-50nm width, with the aspect ratio value of 10.3 nm. According to XRD investigations, the semi-crystalline cellulose was observed with the presence of an amorphous broad hump and crystalline peaks at 2θ of 15o and 22.7o, respectively. The crystalinity index of the raw filter paper was calculated as 86.7 % and increased to 94.4 % as it was extracted to NCC. Crystallite size of raw filter paper and NCC was calculated as 20.6 nm and 11.4 nm, respectively

The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays) stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non-woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0%) and lignin content is the lowest (7.3%) content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry.Keywords: Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.

In this paper, Kevlar or Polysulfonamide (PSA) pulp were used to replace plant fiber pulp partially or completely and by adjusting their ratios and a variety of Kevlar or PSA pulp reinforced activated carbon fiber paper (ACFP) were prepared via wet-laid paper making technology. The influences of addition of Kevlar or PSA pulp on the permeability, mechanical property, filtration performance, adsorption property of ACFP were discussed by maintaining the addition content of activated carbon fiber unchanged. Results showed that with the addition content of Kevlar or PSA pulp increased, the permeability and filtration performance of ACFP decreased obviously, while the bursting strength and the static CCl4 adsorption performances were firstly increased and then decreased. Generally, the permeability and filtration performance of Kevlar pulp reinforced ACFP were slightly worse than that of PSA pulp reinforced ACFP, while the bursting strength as well as the static CCl4 adsorption properties of Kevlar pulp reinforced ACFP were better than that of PSA pulp reinforced ACFP.

The wettability of the carbon composite electrode on paper substrate was studied using contact angle measurement. Y-Shield HSF54 carbon composite material were coated on paper substrates with a mask using squeegee coating technique. Contact angles of the ten polar probe liquids with the HSF54 electrodes were measured using a customed-built image acquisition system. With the contact angles obtained for each probe liquid placed on the electrodes, the surface tension of the electrodes was determined using Fox-Zisman theory. The result showed that the critical surface tension of HSF54 carbon composite electrodes was 37.2 mN/m which is considered to be moderately hydrophobic.

Fe-pillared bentonite was made into a paper-like composite by a papermaking technique using pulp fiber and activated carbon fiber. Orange II was used as a model compound to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the paper. SEM analysis showed that the catalytic paper had a porous structure originating from the layered fiber network, with Fe-pillared bentonite mostly embedded in the grooves along the axial direction of the carbon fibers. The optimum preparation conditions were: activated carbon fiber:Fe-pillared bentonite=1:2, activated carbon fiber:pulp fiber=5:3, the charges of Na2SiO3 and PAE were 2.5% based on the Fe-pillared bentonite and 0.4% based on the oven-dry fibers, respectively. The degradation ratio reached 85.2% at 180 min and after that little increase was observed. The catalyst could be repeatedly use and keep a high stability during the first 4 cycling use.

Paper acidification has become a serious problem in the world and deacidification is an effective way to extend the life of the paper documents. This essay introduced the acidification of the paper documents and the regular methods of deacidification at present. It surveyed the deacidification technologies in Europe and America countries and the progress of decacidification research programs in China, and then proposed the opinions on R&D and promotion of paper document acidification technology in China.

Super absorbent polymer (SAP) and fluff pulp were used as absorbing materials, and the different SAP mass ratio and fluff pulp were applied to paper diaper absorption core layer. Then, the influence of different SAP/fluff pulp in composite core layer on the paper diapers normal saline absorption rate and topsheet run-off were studied. Results showed that SAP has a significant effect on normal saline absorbency respect to fluff pulp. When the normal saline volume increased, the paper diapers absorption rate about normal saline decreased, while the topsheet run-off increased. When the SAP mass ratio to fluff pulp was 0.5:0.5, the liquid absorbency rate was 35.23 g/g, the paper diaper average absorption rate was 3.96 mL/s, and the biggest topsheet run-off was 13.25 g.

Steel slag, a kind ofindustrial residues, is generated in the process of steel-making. Paper sludgeis the final material which origins from the treatment of liquid waste. Allthese resulted in a serious pollution of environment, how to achieve thecoordinate development among enterprise, environment and society become apressing matter of the moment. Based on this, Circular economy becomenecessary. Based on circular economy, the two kinds of industrial wastes weremixed to manufacture useful materials through carbonation in this research. Therequired raw materials were mixed by mortar mixer at the specified mixingratio. Then the mixture was transferred to a stainless steel mould formanufacturing of rectangular composite specimens. Only in this way, It is toshift from the paper maunfacturing and ironmaking and steelmaking industrywhich is over-consumption of energy and natural resources and very seriousenvironmental pollution to the industry which is less pollution and thedevelopment of multi-part cycle.

A device has been designed to measure the whole stiffness which is behalf of paper plate’s carrying capacity. When the device was working, one end of the paper plate was hold as a hand did, the other end of the paper plate was pushed to 15°angle from the horizontal surface, and the force on the paper plate was recorded. Comparing load-bearing performance, the whole stiffness is more accurate to reveal the differences of the paper plates.

Paper material has many excellent characteristics in architectural applications. Our main constructions for disaster rescue are temporary tents, board house and so on for a long time, so it is difficult to meet the psychological demands of the people in disaster area. According to Maslow's hierarchy theory of psychological demands, this paper analyzes people’s demands of physiology, psychology and social aspects in disaster areas, also sums up the exploration of paper material in architectural application, and finally summarizes that paper material is economy, flexible, safety, sustainable and so on.

Measuring the influence of academic research publication is an meaningful work in academe. In this paper, the co-author and the citation networks are built to calculate the influence of a researcher and a paper in the way of networks separately with the discussion of further applications. At the beginning, the co-author network is built to determine the influence of co-authors. Then, based on the citations among the papers in the database, we build up the citation network with the help of graph theory. Thirdly, the method is implemented with the application of American Airline network analysis. As the final, the analysis of strengths and weaknesses is conducted.

English, as one of the most important information carriers, has become the most widely used language worldwide, and its importance is increasingly prominent in each field of our society. Examinations are an important means of evaluating the level of English language learning and teaching outcomes. For the problems existed in traditional English exam, this paper research English online examination system intelligent test paper based on random algorithm. First, the design test paper constraints, including the question amount constraint, questions type constraints, knowledge point constraints, difficulty constraints, answer time constraints and so on; Then, using the linear congruence generator study of a random number generation, list recursive formula and describe parameters; Finally, using flow diagram to study random test paper process, for each step describing in detail. Advantages of random algorithm are easy to use, the disadvantage is not retrospective, applies to the number of exam papers and extraction requirements are relatively few cases.

The aim of this research was to produce three-layer Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), with the addition of impregnated paper, in the inner layer, in proportions of 1; 5 and 20%. In this study, MDP was composed with particles of small size in outer layers, and larger particles in internal layer. After panel manufacturing, physical and mechanical tests based on Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 14.810 were carried out to determine moisture content; density; thickness swelling; water absorption; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending and internal adhesion. Test results were compared to commercial panels, produced with 100% Eucalyptus, considering the requirements specified by Brazilian Code. Properties presented values close to normative specifications, indicating positively the possibility of production of MDP using addition of waste paper impregnated.

Homemade water in water cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsion was applied in cigarette paper pulp as dry strengthening agent with other strengthening agent. Good collaborative effect was achieved when CPAM was used in bleached wheat straw pulp with strengthening agent E and with cationic additives L as paper pulp strengthening agent. It was also showed that distinct strengthening effect was obtained when CPAM emulsion was applied in mixture of bleached needle kraft pulp (NBKP) and wheat straw pulp, breaking length and tearing index of cigarette handsheet made of mix pulp was respectively increased by 22.2% and17.0% when the dosage of CPAM was 0.8% of dry fiber. Through analysis of cigarette handsheet section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos, strengthening mechanism of CPAM emulsion to cigarette paper pulp was preliminary studied.

The curriculum construction is a very important work leading to the excellent course. Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton (including 32 class hours) is a new elective course to the printing engineering in our college. It is very important and necessary to construct the course in time. At first, the current states and difficulties were introduced in the paper, which was that teaching contents, teaching courseware and teacher team should be all improved. Especially, the teaching content proportion on both paper box and carton was set. And then the ideas and ways used for building up the curriculum system are presented as integrating the teaching contents, reforming the teaching mode and strengthening the teaching management. Finally, the significance of carrying out the teaching reform was put forward, and the achievements of course construction should be applied to the usual teaching work. The curriculum Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton was reckoned as the excellent curriculum of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication in 2013.

With rapid increase of waste paper recycling, more and more researchers focus on the advanced technologies of sorting impurities form waste paper. The principals of main identification and sorting technologies are introduced in this paper, whose advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Because of importance of sorting technologies based on near-infrared spectroscopy, we emphasis its principle, application and research status etc.. At last, research and development tendency of identification and sorting technology are prospected.

A statistical analysis is made on papers published in Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University from 2001 to 2010 in terms of the number of published papers, the statistics of key words frequency, the number of published papers of authors, the regional distribution of authors, the number of co-authored papers, the added number of paper authors and active author group. The research direction of geomatics and the scale and trend in which geomatics researchers have cooperated in past ten years is represented. It is reflected that the Journal has played an important role in the information transmission, experience exchange, talents training and the improvement and development of China’s geomatics cause.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

In this paper, a kind of fibrous TiO2 has been prepared through hydrothermal synthesis and a paper fabricated from the fibrous TiO2 has been obtained. The composition, morphology, and size of the fibrous TiO2 were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. And the morphology of the paper was characterized by polarizing microscope. The thickness, softness, and writing properties of the paper were detected by a vernier caliper and a pen. The results indicate that the diameter of the fibrous TiO2 is ~ 200 nm, the thickness of the fabricated paper is ~ 0.35 mm, and the paper can be tolerated writing by a UM-100 ball pen. The excellent properties of the prepared paper may change the applications of fibrous TiO2 in papermaking industry.

There are high organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in paper mill sludge, which can be used efficiently to amend soil properties and promote the growth of crops. The batch method was used to investigate effects of paper sludge on adsorption and desorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in two types paddy soil (red soil, purple soil), through adding paper sludge to red soil and purple soil. The results showed that isothermal sorption process of Cd (II) and Pb (II) by soils and paper sludge could be well described by Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation, and all coefficients (r) were higher than 0.9. The purple soil had a higher sorption capacity of Cd (II) and Pb (II) than red soil. The sorption capacities of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in soils increased after added paper sludge, and they reached adsorption equilibrium as the percentages of paper sludge were 10%, 1% in red soil and purple soil, respectively. The desorption capacities of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in soils decreased after added paper sludge, and they reached minimum as the percentages of paper sludge were 5%, 2% in red soil and purple soil, respectively. It was better to immobilize Cd (II) and Pb (II) after added paper sludge, thus paper mill sludge can relieve the migration of heavy metals in soil-crop systems. It can provide a new way for safe using of heavy metal contaminated soil and resource utilization of paper sludge.

Paper industry produces large amounts of sludge with about 65wt% moisture content. Due to its complex composition, the charge of traditional disposal method is high and easy to bring about secondary pollution. In this paper, the influences of temperature, oxidation coefficient and residence time on the performance of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of paper mill sludge were investigated. The results show that SCWO can almost completely eliminate organics in sludge and obtain transparent liquid products meeting relative national standards at 550°C, 5min with an oxidation coefficient of 3.0. However, during this process, TN changes to NH3-N, so NH3-N in liquid products increases with operation parameters, indicating the recalcitrant nature of NH3-N, and which needs further treatment.

Graphene paper (GP) with layered structure and highly conductive network is fabricated by a facile technique of vacuum filtration and studied as a single-component and binder-free anode of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The process of fabrication of GP without any binder and high-temperature treatment, in the meantime, great improvement in both the capacity and cycling performance of the GP electrodes have compared with other kinds of traditional graphite electrode materials. Given the simplifying anode fabrication, low manufacturing costs and many electrochemical properties of the GP anode, it is regarded as an excellent anode material of LIB with great promise for its both excellent cycling performance and electrochemical properties. The specific capacity can reach to over 200 mAhg-1 after 60 charge-discharge cycles under the current rate of 50 mAg-1.

By means of self-emulsifying, blocked & crosslinked cationic polyurethane (CBPU) microemulsion was prepared with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone glycol, bisphenol A, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as cationic hydrophilic chain-extending agent, ̴̵̹̹̱̼̽͊̿˰̱̓˰̷̲̼̳̻̹̿̾˰̷̵̱̾̈́˰̴̱̾˰̞˽̫˸́˼́˽̴̵̸̹͉̼̽̈́˽̂˽̵̱̳͉̼̈́˹̵̸͉̼̭̈́˽ڂ˽̴̸̴̵̸̹͉͈͉͉̼̱̹͂̿̈́̽̾̿˰̴̵̱̱̹̀͂̿̀̾̽˸̠̔̔˹˰̱̓˰̷̳̼̹̻̹͂̿̓̓̾̾˰̷̵̱̾̈́˾˰̶̶̵̳̈́̓̕˰̶̿˰̸̵̈́˰̠̥̓̒˰̵̴̲̼̳̻̿˰̱̹͂̈́̿˰̿̾˰̸̵̈́˰̸͉̹̳̱̼̀̓˰̵̵̹̀͂̿̀͂̈́̓˰̶̿˰̸̵̈́˰̵̵̴̱̈́͂̈́˰̵̱̀̀͂˰̵̵͇͂˰̴̵̴̹̓̈́ͅ˾˰̸̵̤˰̵̵̵͈̹̱̼̀͂̽̾̈́˰̵̼͂̓̈́̓ͅ˰̸͇̓̿˰̓̈́͂uctures of tertiary amine group, imidazole ring and urethane group are found in CBPU molecular structure. The morphology of the particle is uniform spheric structure and its size is related to the content of tertiary amine groups of CBPU. The paper strength, especially the wet strength can be obviously increased with the increasing of the blocked ratio of CBPU. The optimum blocked ratio of CBPU is 10%.

The genetic algorithm is a randomized search method for a class of reference biological evolution of the law evolved, with global implicit parallelism inherent and better optimization. This paper presents an adaptive genetic algorithm to optimize the use of BP neural network method, namely the structure of weights and thresholds to optimize BP neural network to achieve the recognition of banknotes oriented. Experimental results show that after using genetic algorithms to optimize BP neural network controller can accurately and quickly achieved recognition effect on banknote recognition accuracy compared to traditional BP neural network has been greatly improved, improved network adaptive capacity and generalization ability.

In this article, Fenton oxidation treatment technology was employed to the improving of quality of post treated wastewater from pulp & paper mills in order to increase the recycling ratio of final treated wastewater. The reaction conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments and the removal of color were tested for the optimizing. It was found in this study that the color of Fenton oxidation treated water was variegated with the extending of settling time. The optimized conditions were: Dosage of H2O2 was 682.1mg/L(30% m/m), 1.5 times theoretical consumption, 205mg/L FeSO47H2O (H2O2:FeSO4=15:1), the initial pH and the reaction time were 4.5 and 40min, respectively. The removal of the color and COD were 51.3% and 80% after Fenton treatment. GC-MS analysis shown that the contents of organic extracts and most of organic compounds reduced significantly after the oxidational treatment.

with the rapid development of national economy in recent years, rapid growth of the road mileage, the rapid growth of usage of the car begin to render phase geometry orders of magnitude, however, as the international oil prices gradually rise, the domestic refined oil price is high, the use of the car costs are rising fast. Therefore, how to better maintenance of vehicles, and change some of the original bad driving technology, can make the car in the most fuel-efficient and has become a very meaningful topic.

Based on the database of Thomson Reuters, the bibliometric and patent information of China and US in the field of Clean Coal Technology from 2006 to 2011 are searched. The R&D capacity of China and US in the field of Clean Coal Technology are compared, the advantageous institutes in this field are identified. The cooperation trend between China and US on Clean Coal technology is analyzed. Some suggestions are proposed based on the data analysis.

Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants have very important application in the papermaking industry, which is a series of important paper softening agents. In order to obtain an environment-friendly paper softening agent, a novel diester gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant has been prepared. Dodecyldimethyl amine, epichlorohydrin and adipic acid were used as raw materials to synthesize the surfactant, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the groups in reaction product. Moreover, the softening effect of the diester gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant was studied in detail.

The characteristic pinched hysteresis behavior of memristors has been reported by stacks of a variety of materials. This paper aims to examine the principles of logic design using such two terminal memristive systems for high performance digital circuit applications. As against logic design with standard CMOS, the benefits of logic design with memristors have been stated. The realization and operation of memristor based AND and OR hybrid logic gates obtained by integrating memristors with standard CMOS logic have been discussed. The IMPLY and MAGIC logic families have been demonstrated by covering MAGIC NOR and NAND logic gate implementation with MAGIC NOR in detail. A qualitative comparison has been drawn towards the end of the paper to conclude on the suitability and application space for each of the logic families studied in this paper. This work also describes the hybrid CMOS-memristive logic family known as MRL (Memristor Ratioed Logic). With the addition of CMOS inverters, this logic family's OR and AND logic gates, which are based on memristive components, are given a full logic structure and signal restoration. The MRL family, in contrast to earlier memristor-based logic families, is compatible with conventional CMOS logic.

In this paper the effect of lattice friction stress on the process of dislocations annihilation is considered using dislocation dynamics method. It is shown that if dislocations of the opposite sign are located in the area where their own tension is greater than the friction stress, they annihilate. Consideration of this fact allows to connect the microscopic processes of annihilation with evolution of dislocation density in the sample under small external stresses and unloading. The area in which annihilation occurs is calculated to be proportional to the square of the friction stress/shear modulus ratio.It is also shown that the parameter responsible for the rate of dislocation annihilation depends on the cube of the ratio of the friction stress to the shear modulus, because it is inversely proportional to the number of annihilating dislocations and the time in which a dislocation pair annihilates.

The transporting of sediments across watershed systems and their placement in reservoirs causes expensive issues for the operators of dams in many different nations throughout the world. In addition to the reservoir's functional capacity steadily decreasing as sediment settles in it, silt removal is a sensitive and challenging process that frequently necessitates taking the reservoir out of service, which is practically unachievable in dry and semi-arid regions. De-silting by hydraulic dredging has recently become a necessity to increase their longevity. But during this operation there are load loss exists so it is necessary to find solutions to reduce it. The present paper revealed that use the Sodium Tripolyphosphate as a reducing agent of the friction factor during the hydraulic dredging of dams. To carry out this study, a rheumatic characterization of dams sediments and dams sediments -sodium tripolyphosphate mixtures was carried out using a torque controlled rheometer (Discovery Hybrid Rheometer DHR2 from TA instrument). The flow curves as a function of dose of sodium tripolyphosphate added to dam sediments were analysed by the modified Cross model. It is clearly shown, in this work, when the quantity of sodium tripolyphosphate is less than of 0.4 % causes a decrease in the yield stress, the zero shear rate viscosity (lower Newtonian plateau) and the infinite shear rate viscosity (upper Newtonian plateau). However, when dose of sodium tripolyphosphate is greater than the critical dose, the the yield stress, the zero shear rate viscosity (lower Newtonian plateau) and the infinite shear rate viscosity (upper Newtonian plateau) are increased. As a result, this study find that the increase on thixotropic behavior of dams sediments is occurred by the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate in a concentration ranging between 0.2 wt% and 0.8 wt% to 40 wt% and 45 wt% of dams sediments. The study also demonstrated that adding of 0.4 wt% of sodium tripolyphosphate to 40 wt% and 45 wt% dam sediments decreased the friction factor by 96% and 25% respectively.

This paper mainly studies the composition of strengthening phase, characteristic precipitation temperature and composition range of strengthening phase in Ti-Al-Mo-Zr-Si medical titanium alloy, and the influence of element changes on the content and microstructure of strengthening phase. Promote the formulation of thermodynamic process of titanium alloy powder metallurgy, as well as the formulation of alloy hot working and solid solution aging process. In this paper, Panda thermodynamic software is used to calculate the multicomponent alloy thermodynamics and multicomponent phase diagram of titanium alloy materials. The effects of Al, Mo, Zr, Si and other elements on the precipitation of strengthening phase and the phase transformation content of solidification structure were obtained. It is found that the content of Mo is more than 2 wt.% β phase transition precipitation angle. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the excess of precipitates such as Mo5Si3 and M3Si, the content of Mo should be less than 4.6 wt.%. The content of Zr can be maintained at about 1.5 wt.%. If the aging precipitation of the material is considered, it can be controlled to be less than 2 wt.%. The content of this paper is the basis and improvement of titanium powder metallurgy technology and rapid prototyping technology.

Sustainable development requires green energy and low carbon footprint in manufacturing sector of photovoltaic systems. The electrical connections of photovoltaic cells need to have low electrical resistance in order to reduce the electrical losses and therefore to improve the performance of the photovoltaic panels. This paper aims to present researches related to bonding of wires that connect solar cells by using microwave technology. The microwave bonding has the main advantage that offers fast bonding but, in the same time, this technology does not offer stability of the thermal heating. Two different unwanted phenomena like thermal runaway and plasma arc discharge often lead to the damaging of copper and aluminum wires used in electrical connection. The study presented in this paper is focused on simulation of the thermal field developed in copper wires in order to optimize the bonding process and increase the quality of products. The simulation of the thermal field has been done using Fourier equations for conducting heating in copper materials and eutectic alloys. The simulation model has been validated through experimental heating using a 6 kW water-cooled microwave generator controlled by a matching load auto-tuner for best transfer of the power from generator to copper wires. The temperature has been measured in real time using an infrared pyrometer for metals with 2.3 μm spectral range and measurement range between 0o C and 7000 C. The study is finalized with elaboration of mathematical model for microwave-injected power as function for temperature developed in copper wires that can be applied with success in further microwave bonding applications of copper wires. In addition, the electrical resistance of bonded wires was measured in order to collect feedback for improving the microwave bonding process.

In this paper, a hollow square cross-section carbon fiber/epoxy composite beam was designed and manufactured. Evaluation of the beam behavior considered orientation and stacking sequence, aiming to reduce the number of layers and weight. Finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the performance of the composite beam under 3-point bending and using three failure criteria, Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu and maximum stress. In order to identify the input parameters for the model, flat composites were tested under tension and compression. It was concluded that a minimum of 12 layers of unidirectional carbon fiber were required to reach the required load (44.5 kN). The prototype was successfully fabricated by vacuum-infusion process and subjected to 3-point bending test. The experimental failure load was within the predicted range by the Tsai-Hill failure criteria and maximum stress.

The recent developments in dielectric elastomers (DE) are spectacular. Currently, a DE as an actuator, 0.15 g of acrylic sandwiching SWCNT electrodes, is capable of lifting a weight of 8 kg by more than 1 mm at a speed of 88 msec. In the near future, DE motors could be used to drive electric vehicles. Moreover, the DE can be used as a high-efficiency sensor with the same structure. With a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, it can accurately measure pressure from several kg to 150 kg. In addition, reversing this DE actuator (DEA) movement also enables high-efficiency power generation. In other words, when the DEA is stretched or pushed, it generates electric power. Single wall nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as an electrode, and an acrylic DE power generation cartridge with a diameter of 80 mm was used. When the center of the DE power generation cartridge is pushed by about 15 mm, a power of 33.6 mJ is generated. Using these two DE cartridges, it was possible to charge a secondary battery through a DC converter. In addition to this power generator, practical research and development of power generation using wave power, wind power, waste heat, and fluids (ocean currents, water currents, etc.) is progressing. In this paper, we have described state-of-the-art DEAs, DE generators (including the case that the power generated locally by microgenerators are consumed locally), and DE sensors and explained their usefulness.

Spinel ferrite nanoparticles are potential candidates for multiple biomedical applications. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles have been studied extensively for understanding physical, chemical, electro-optical as well as magnetic properties which are fascinating due to cationic distributions corresponding to tetrahedral sites and octahedral sites in a cubic phase. Biocompatibility and large magnetic moment are basic requirements in spinel ferrite nanoparticles for efficient functioning in specific application purpose. Fe3O4 (magnetite) is an important member of spinel ferrite group with high chemical stability and ferrimagetic material property at nanodimension. Superparamagnetic state and biocompatibility of magnetite (Fe3O4) spinel ferrite nanoparticle has already been proven. Spinel ferrite magnetite nanoparticles have been developed based on precipitation of iron oxide using ferric and ferrous ions at the ratio 2:1 in alkaline media at and above 100°C. The experimental parameters have been set to synthesize pure and uniformly sized magnetite nanoparticles. No other phases of iron oxides were detected other than magnetite spinel phase in the XRD result. The average crystal size has been determined from XRD peak broadening. Absorption spectra were investigated using UV-Vis Spectrometer and FTIR. Thermal and magnetic measurements were carried out Digital Scanning Calorimeter and SQUID Magnetometer. One sample of the prepared nanoparticles with polymer coating of polyvinyl alcohol has been studied for superparamagnetic nature. Superparamagnetic particles show saturation value of magnetization 51.26 emu/g at 100 K. ZFC-FC curves for two samples with polymer coating of polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose have also been studied. Keywords: Spinel Ferrite, Magnetite, Ferrimagnetism, Transition metal oxide, Superparamagnetism. Statements and declarations Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no competing financial interest that are related directly or indirectly to the reported work in this paper. Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest. Acknowledgements The Authors are grateful to IISER Bhopal, CRF facility for providing instrumentation facility to characterize magnetic properties. We acknowledge thanks to Lovely Professional University for providing us necessary characterization technique for the XRD analysis and thermal analysis.

Road markings regulate and direct traffic by conveying specific information. It is of great significance to develop new road marking materials and improve the visibility of marking materials for improving traffic efficiency and ensuring traffic safety. This paper summarized the development status of various reflective road markings at home and abroad. In addition, the energy storage luminescent fluorescent/phosphor marking lines in road marking was emphatically generalized to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different improvement methods. Overall, strontium aluminate doped with Eu2+ co-doped with Dy3+ (SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+) phosphors and self-luminous pavement for energy storage had great prospects in improving road safety and reducing energy consumption.

Monodispersed Ag nanorods were synthesized using a one-pot synthesis method. These Ag nanorods normally manifest dual surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks. This work presents a study of the variation of SPR peaks with variation in the shape of Ag nanorods. Shape variation was achieved through the degradation of a shape-controlling agent (PVP in this work) under white light irradiance with silica passivation to halt further shape variations. This paper also reports the growth & characterization of thin films of the synthesized rod-shaped silver nanoparticles on glass slides along with studies on band pass filter characteristics of the as-synthesized nanoparticles.

This paper reports the synthesis of ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs) embedded in PVA by aqueous precipitation method and its application in antibacterial as well as to find or estimation of Escherichia coli (E.coli) concentration by using ZnS/PVA QD based mem-mode nanodevices. The as-synthesized ZnS/PVA samples are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV), Photo luminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antibacterial property of ZnS/PVA QDs against gram positive (S.aureus) as well as gram negative (E.coli) are tested. The antibacterial property is found to be more in S.aureus in comparision to E.coli. Mem-behaviour of the as-fabricated devices is observed through electrical characterization. COMSOL MP Software is used for simulating I-V characteristics. The voltage gap is found to be a promising parameter for estimating E.coli concentration with ZnS/PVA QDs as active material and an electrical circuit is presented

This paper proposes a deep learning model for predicting the durability benchmark on concrete specimens. The durability benchmark on concrete samples is commonly estimated throughout the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity measurements. This test establishes a relationship with concrete durability taken into consideration the material's homogeneity. The model proposed in this paper is feed by standard laboratory tests as input parameters, making the model a practical and efficient alternative to predict durability concrete benchmark, saving time, short-cut laboratory work, and avoiding sophisticated instrumentation use. Furthermore, it is an attractive alternative to the need for sophisticated instrumentation for estimating the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. The outcomes depict a high predictive accuracy about of 96% in the validation stage. In addition, the model was tested by a new dataset with different properties to demonstrate robustness and certainty in the model. Finally, the model achieves an impressive accuracy of 95.89% in the new validation dataset.

The cutting fluid plays a significant role in minimizing heat generation and chip removal process during the machining of materials, hence improving tool life and surface finish of the workpiece. Many researchers have focused on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) among the existing methods on the application of the coolant as it reduces the usage of coolant by spurting a mixture of compressed air and cutting fluid in an improved way instead of flood cooling. The MQL method has demonstrated to be appropriate as it fulfills the necessities of ‘green’ machining. Additionally, considering current environmental issues and provisions for safe healthy working conditions at the workplace, it is important to divert machining processes towards an eco-friendly path. Hence, the focus of research has been shifted to MQL using eco-friendly lubricants for green and sustainable manufacturing processes. In this review paper, the effect of different vegetable oil-based biodegradable coolants like castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, etc. for different machining process parameters like cutting force, cutting temperature, surface finish, tool wear, etc. has been reviewed. It is observed that proper selection of cutting parameters along with lubricant through MQL can provide enhanced machinability to get desired outputs.

Forging tools must be able to withstand very strong mechanical, thermal, tribological, and chemical stresses. The extent to which a tool can withstand these stresses depends on the material used and its pre-treatment as well as the heat and surface treatment, i.e. the load capacity. The ratio of stress to load capacity determines how high the tool life of a forging tool is. This paper deals with the variations in the tool life of forging tools using the example of a specific industrial stage sequence and production conditions. Due to a large number of influencing variables that have an effect on the tool during the entire tool life history, the focus of this work is placed on influencing variables of the forming process. Based on real production parameters of a forging company, which are recorded during a period for the investigation, the process data are analyzed about an influence on the tool life. The investigation focuses on four influencing variables, namely the subjective assessment of the end of the tool life, the interaction between the forming stages, production interruptions, and the cooling and lubrication of the forming tools. For the parameters that are not yet recorded during the trials, promising available measurement methods are identified and tested under laboratory conditions. One example of this is the recording of the actual spray quantities that are sprayed onto the tool surface before the forming process. The results of the investigations show that the tool life fluctuations can be reduced by about 16% and as a consequence, the average tool life can be increased by about 13%.

The process of mechanically activating chemical bonds usually involves applying external force. Since mechanical chemistry can be performed without solvents or with minimal amounts of solvent (catalytic quantities), it has become an imperative synthetic tool in multiple fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and materials science) and is an attractive greener method for preparing diverse molecules. Catalysis, organic synthesis, solid-state medicinal preparation, metal complex synthesis, and many other chemistry fields have benefited from sustainable methods. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the benefits of using mechanochemical methods to produce a pharmaceutical crystal that is composed of dendrimer nanocrystals. Consequently, we describe and examine the importance of mechanical procedures in forming dendrimers and pharmaceutical crystals in this review.

The sulfur content present in graphene oxide prepared by Hummers' method has only been addressed by few papers so far. By modified Hammers method we synthesized thermally stable in ambient environment multilayer sulphur-doped graphene oxide. The samples were heat treated in an electrical furnace setup at different ambient temperatures and their crystallite size and linear coefficient of thermal expansion were extracted from Raman band intensity peak ratio as a function of temperature. We found unusually large (in comparison with graphene oxide) contraction on heating of multilayer two weight percent sulphur-doped graphene oxide with carbon to oxygen ratio of 2.3 in a narrow temperature range (308-318 K) with the lowest value of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of -18 ppm 1/K. Based upon an examination of the synthesized sulphur-doped graphene diffractograms, it is suggested that negative thermal expansion stems from the phonon backscattering by the sulphur impurity sites and the edges of the layers. The obtained experimental results have potential practical applications for fabrication of solar cells, sensors, lubricators, thermal actuators and also wavelike (second sound) thermal transport structures.

The present work is focused on one Additive Manufacturing (AM) process – Laser powder Metal Deposition (LMD-p) – and on one metallic alloy – Ti-6Al-4V. State of the art on LMD-p on Ti-6Al-4V alloy shows that three kinds of process parameters influence mechanical properties of building parts: raw materials (powder and substrate), machine parameters (Laser Power (P), Powder Flow (F) and Building Speed (V)), and building strategies (part orientation, waiting time between layers, etc.). Thus, this paper relates to first manufacturing investigations on small sized specimens (bead, wall and block) with the aim of providing a better knowledge about the first steps of manufacturing. Particularly, this paper is dedicated to the study of machine parameters (P, F and V). First, the influence of each machine parameter on 28 beads is studied separately. The geometrical aspect (high, width, dilution) of each bead is microscopically measured. Similarly, combinations of parameters (P/F, Energy Density and Powder Density) are introduced to increase parameters degree of freedom. First results show that P, V and F have a major influence on the beads’ geometry. In addition, a window process map is plotted and allows determining functional areas of machine parameters. From this map, walls (vertical superposition of one bead) are manufactured and microscopically observed. Functional sets of parameters from walls are selected and blocks can be built.

Plastic waste disposal is among the most challenging problems of the current era. Therefore, new methods and applications for the utilization of waste plastics are increasingly needed. To find them, it is essential to research and develop the material properties of recycled plastics. The effect of different ultraviolet light (UV) stabilizers on the color stability, melt properties and tensile properties of mixed waste plastics blends was studied in this paper. The mixed waste plastics collected from two different waste sources were prepared as specimens by injection molding, and studied with two different types and loading amounts of UV stabilizers. UV absorbers (UVAs) and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) were used as UV stabilizers. A specimen produced without the addition of a UV stabilizer was used as a reference specimen of both the blends. After the accelerated weathering, the addition of a UVA provided an improved, smaller change in color than the addition of HALS. Among the tensile properties, the addition of UV stabilizers clearly improved the tensile strength and tensile modulus for almost all the studied specimens. Additionally, the melt properties of both the studied plastic blends were found to be increased by the addition of UV stabilizers.

In this paper, aiming at the heat resistance and thermal deformation process of titanium matrix composites 0 vol.%, 2.5.vol.%, 5.vol.%. Thermal simulation experiment of titanium matrix composites with different (TiB+TiC) strengthening phase content. The measurement accuracy of material displacement is 0.01 mm. The compression is 70%, and the strain rate is 0.1 mm/s and 0.01 mm/s respectively. Compression tests at different strain rates and temperatures were carried out. The experimental results show that when the (TiB+TiC) 5vol% titanium composite is deformed at 0.01mm/s low strain rate, the peak stresses corresponding to 25°C, 250°C,350 °C and 500°C are increased to 1096MPa, 835MPa, 646MPa and 416MPa respectively. Under the condition of high strain rate of 0.1mm/s, the peak stresses corresponding to 25 °C, 250 °C, 350 °C and 500 °C are increased to 1230 MPa, 896 MPa, 723 MPa and 471 MPa respectively. The deformation law of stress rheological curve is roughly the same, and the high temperature zone has good plastic deformation ability. The titanium matrix composite has high compression rheological mechanical properties and good high-temperature plastic deformation ability. It is the preferred material component for the preparation of titanium matrix composite and powder forging.

Due to its characteristics, DD13 steel is recommended for various applications in the automotive field (including in the manufacture of components for car bodies). The paper presents solutions proposed by ISIM Timisoara for welding of DD13 steel, as alternative solutions to conventional welding processes. One solution that has proven to be viable for joining DD13 steel is the friction stir welding process (FSW). In terms of the quality of the welded joints obtained by applying the classic FSW welding process, these welds were excellent. In an attempt to obtain other benefits, mainly related to the efficiency of the welding process, ISIM Timisoara has developed research programs for the study and application of other methods based on the FSW process principle, namely: - hybrid friction stir welding ultrasonic assisted FSW-US; - friction stir welding in inert gas environment FSW – IG. The important effects due to the application of these methods are: improving (as appropriate) the degree of plasticization of the materials to be joined and increasing the degree of mixing of the materials as result of ultrasonic assistance of the FSW welding process; improvement of the welding process by reducing the pressing forces of the tool during welding, with an effect on increasing the service life of welding tool; respectively improving the aspect of the weld and some mechanical characteristics of the welded joints (at tensile tests, respectively static bending test). The obtained results showed that the two methods derived from the classical FSW welding process, can be used in industrial applications, with important benefits.