Search

The Shortening of the Right hemibody (SRH) is a phenomenon that occurs in Medicinal Biomagnetism (MB), a technique developed by Isaac Goiz Durán from the 80’s. This method makes use of the static magnetic field (SMF) generated by a negative magnet applied to the skin in a dysfunctional anatomical region, out of its physiological balance, tending to alkalinity, which leads to the consequent contraction of the muscles of the right hemibody (RH). The elongation of the hemibody or muscle relaxation occurs when the point that receives the influence of the SMF is dysfunctional towards acidity caused by physiological imbalance. The shortening or elongation of the RH is a reflex called magnet-foot reflex, magnet-sympathetic-foot reflex or Goiz Reflex (GR). The objective of this study was to carry out a narrative review in order to demonstrate the importance of RH for the technique, identifying the neuromuscular response mechanism that leads to the contraction or relaxation of the musculature. It was concluded that the GR is the main tool for energy diagnosis, confirmation and treatment of Biomagnetic Pairs (BMP). Its neuromuscular mechanism, similar to strength tests (a form of applied kinesiology), possibly results from the activation of different brain regions: cerebral amygdala, frontal and parietal lobes and areas corresponding to those stimulated with the SMF, promoting a reflex that, like the withdrawal reflex, is unconscious and qualifies the response in a binary way (stimulated area positively or negatively polarized). Its accuracy may be subject to interference from the information or semantic field of the therapist and the patient. The RH is more susceptible to manifest the GR which could occur on both sides.The GR concept was revisited over the years of MB development, a new science in constant evolution, and despite being a tool whose use and effectiveness have practical evidence, it is necessary to produce scientific evidence that proves its neuromuscular mechanism.

A dor é considerada uma experiência subjetiva, complexa e multidimensional desagradável, podendo provocar danos físicos e emocionais nos seres humanos. Além de alopáticos, existem ferramentas que possuem potencial terapêutico analgésico, auxiliando no alívio dos sintomas da dor, uma delas é o Biomagnetismo Medicinal (BM), uma técnica que utiliza Campos Magnéticos Estáticos (CMEs) gerados por ímãs terapêuticos externamente ao organismo, sobre Pares Biomagnéticos (PBMs). Ao aplicar os CMEs por meio do BM, o pH tende a retornar ao seu valor ideal, otimizando a ação imunológica e de outros sistemas permitindo o restabelecimento da saúde. É uma técnica não invasiva, com poucas restrições para aplicação e indolor. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, apresentar um protocolo do BM para fins de analgesia, utilizando como ferramenta de tratamento a aplicação de um Duplo Ímã. O BM vem se demonstrando uma técnica promissora para o alívio de dores das mais diversas origens, sendo necessário aprofundar o conhecimento das bases do BM por meio de estudos científicos. Nesse sentido, espera-se que a técnica possa se tornar uma alternativa terapêutica complementar e de baixo custo para o tratamento de dores de modo geral. Este artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e de caráter exploratório.

Terapias magnéticas têm sido foco de estudo pelos resultados positivos observados na prática clínica. As células do corpo humano são afetadas pela aplicação de Campos Magnéticos Estáticos (CMEs). Essa interação tem demonstrado bons resultados no tratamento de diversos sintomas e doenças. Baseado nos estudos de Dr. Richard Broeringmeyer, o Dr. Isaac Goiz Durán desenvolveu uma nova terapia, o Biomagnetismo Medicinal (BM). Um dos achados do Dr. Goiz baseia-se em alterações de fluxos corporais como, alterações vasculares. Estas permitem ser influenciadas por Pares Biomagnéticos (PBMs) que possibilita sustentar microrganismos patogênicos ou gerar alterações tissulares que podem dificultar o retorno venoso. A Insuficiência Venosa Crônica (IVC) é a deficiência do fluxo sanguíneo nas veias profundas dos Membros Inferiores (MMII), decorrente de disfunções do retorno venoso dos membros para o coração, acarretando refluxo sanguíneo, hipertensão venosa sustentada pelo acúmulo sanguíneo nas veias profundas. O BM é uma prática complementar não invasiva, de baixo custo, indolor, de fácil aplicação e mínimas contraindicações, que visa a prevenção de diversas patologias, inclusive IVC, sendo uma alternativa de grande potencial terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo de revisão bibliográfica de método analítico de caráter exploratório e qualitativo, é apresentar um protocolo de BM que possa ser aplicado para auxiliar no tratamento de IVC. Como resultado deste estudo apresentou-se o Protocolo de Tratamento para Fluxo Sanguíneo de Membros Inferiores (FSMI). Conclui-se que este pode auxiliar no tratamento da IVC, seus sinais e sintomas, facilitando o retorno venoso, merecendo ser aferido em estudos maiores.

Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (ICHP) became a Brazilian National Policy in 2006 in accordance with Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (TCIM), used by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although not part of ICHP, Medicinal Biomagnetism (MB) is an integrative and complementary practice that uses Static Magnetic Fields (SMF) generated by therapeutic magnets that are applied externally to the body on Biomagnetic Pairs (BMPs), causing depolarization and regulate the pH balance in the impacted region, leading the organism to homeostasis. Considering that Prostatic Adenocarcinoma is the second cause of mortality among men, the objective of this study is to present a protocol for the application of the MB technique for the treatment of tumoral phenomena. This research presents results of an integrative literature review. For the collection and selection of articles, the bibliographic databases PubMed, SciElo, BVS and Google Scholar were used. Having as a limiting factor the few studies involving the MB, understanding these aspects is essential not only for the authors of this type of research but also to expand knowledge in all areas of health promotion.

Medicinal Biomagnetism (MB) is an integrative and complementary therapeutic system that is non-invasive, painless, and low-cost. It uses medium-intensity magnets to restore the pH balance of cell structures by means of depolarizing Biomagnetic Pairs (BMP). Psoriasis is an example of a condition for which MB may be used as an adjunctive treatment. It is a chronic, autoimmune, and recurrent inflammatory skin disease that affects both men and women of any age. It affects between 2 and 3% of the world’s population and is difficult to treat. Through a qualitative, narrative, and exploratory literature review, the aim is to present the theory of Biomagnetic Pair or Medicinal Biomagnetism, as well as its physical diagnostic examination technique, called Complete Scanning, and the specific protocols associated with the treatment of Psoriasis. We present an alternative for complementary treatment of this disease using MB, as well as a suggestion for its application in controlled clinical trials.

The fast development of scientific and technical progress pushes the scientific community to search for alternative solutions and approaches for obtaining details using non-traditional technologies. One of the most common nowadays are additive technologies, better known as 3D printing from various powdered materials.When planning technological processes, in front of the developers always have relevant tasks which aimed to increasing the efficiency of the implementation of the 3D technology process, also improving the technological equipment. The main efforts are aimed at improving the quality indicators of the internal structure of alloyed products.The aim of this work is to improve the quality of the internal microstructure of fused primitives from the AlSi10Mg powder composition, due to the addition of a static magnetic field to the laser processing zone when implementing the DMLS technology.Taking into account the high complexity of physical processes and the large number of technological factors that affect the implementation of DMLS technology, the methods of mathematical statistics that have proven themselves well for solving this kind of tasks. When studying the effect of a static magnetic field on the focal area of a gas-powder flow, the optimal control parameters for the process of laser fusion of experimental samples from the AlSi10Mg powder composition were established.In this work, the effect of a static magnetic field on the microstructure of the AlSi10Mg powder composition was investigated.The results showed that the applied magnetic field leads to an increase in the relative density (a decrease in the porosity of the internal microstructure and a decrease in the spacing between dendrites in the treated material. In addition, with an increase in the intensity of the magnetic field, the share of grains with a columnar morphology decreases, and the share of equiaxed grains increases., При проєктуванні технологічних процесів перед розробниками завжди стоять завдання, спрямовані на підвищення ефективності реалізації процесу 3D-технологій, а також вдосконалення технологічного оснащення. Основні зусилля спрямовані на пошук підвищення якісних показників внутрішньої структури сплавлених виробів.Метою статті є покращення якості внутрішньої мікроструктури сплавлених примітивів із порошкової композиції AlSi10Mg, за рахунок додавання в зону лазерної обробки статичного магнітного поля при реалізації технології DMLS.У цій роботі було досліджено вплив статичного магнітного поля на мікроструктуру порошкової композиції AlSi10Mg. Результати показали, що застосоване магнітне поле призводить до збільшення відносної щільності (зменшення пористості внутрішньої мікроструктури та зменшення інтервалу між дендритами в обробленому матеріалі).

A dor é considerada um sintoma muito comum em diversas enfermidades. A Medicina Alopática possui vários fármacos para combatê-la. Entretanto, seus efeitos colaterais podem prejudicar muito a saúde. Esta é uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, com análise do prontuário de um indivíduo tratado com a terapia do Biomagnetismo Medicinal (BM), também denominada de Par Biomagnético. Essa Técnica, criada pelo Médico Mexicano Dr. Isaac Goiz Durán, em 1988, consiste no posicionamento de imãs de média intensidade (1.000 a 7.500 Gauss) em pontos específicos do corpo, para que o campo magnético estático gerado contribua com o equilíbrio energético e bioelétrico do organismo, facilitando a homeostase e uma melhor atuação do sistema imunológico. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar os efeitos de um revolucionário tratamento para alívio da dor – Par Trauma Moderno (PTM) – um dos protocolos do BM. Sua aplicação é simples, não invasiva, de baixo custo, com efeitos secundários leves, passageiros e não danosos, como sonolência e elevação da diurese. Este estudo de caso foi realizado utilizando informações do prontuário de uma participante de pesquisa, 51 anos, que apresentava esfolamento na ponta dos dedos das mãos. A dor foi classificada como nociceptiva somática superficial aguda severa, considerando na mensuração da intensidade a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). 15 minutos após iniciar a aplicação, uma dor de intensidade 8 foi reduzida totalmente e uma dor de intensidade 10 foi reduzida para 2, indicando que o PTM apresenta resultado positivo e ação rápida, sendo uma boa opção de tratamento.

Currently, several treatments have been studied in order to restore health. A very promising treatment option is through the use of magnets. The exposure of cells to the Static Magnetic Field (SMF) is able to affect cellular behavior by rebalancing their hydrogen potential (pH) that was previously in dysfunction, and may help control signs and symptoms of diseases resulting from patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who may present subclinical states of infectious diseases. Medicinal Biomagnetism (MB) is a non-invasive integrative therapy that uses magnets as a tool to rebalance the body’s natural pH, allowing the return to normal health conditions. With the MB it is possible to identify and correct dysfunctions that can lead and sustain infectious pathologies, through the protocol proposed by Dr. David Goiz Martínez, assisting in the improvement of signs and symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus, contributing to the general improvement of the individual. Objective: This study aims to present a MB protocol to aid in the treatment of DM. It also seeks a broad view of other protocols not considered in Martínez’s proposal and suggests their incorporation. Materials and Methods: the article is a literary review where 42 references were used, being 05 for the elaboration of the protocol. Results: script of the protocol with the step-by-step treatment of DM with the MB. Conclusion: MB is a complementary and integrative technique with prophylactic potential in metabolic, endocrine and pathogenic disorders, easy to apply, low cost and with relatively fast results, with very low side effects. Future perspectives: It is mandatory to prove the proposed protocol.&nbsp

Pain is considered a very common symptom in several illnesses. Allopathic medicine has several drugs to combat it. However, their side effects can greatly harm health. Thus, this study is an exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach analyzing the medical record of an individual treated with Medicinal Biomagnetism therapy (MB). This technique created by Mexican physician Isaac Goiz Durán in 1988 consists of placing medium-intensity magnets (1,000 to 7,500 Gauss) on specific points of the body. Therefore, the static magnetic field generated may contribute to the energetic and bioelectric balance of the organism facilitating homeostasis and better performance of the immune system. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a pain relief treatment, the Modern Trauma Pair (MTP). Its application is simple, noninvasive, low-cost, with mild, transient, and non-harmful side effects, such as drowsiness and increased diuresis. This case study was conducted using information from the medical record of a participant who presented with abrasions on the tips of her fingers. The pain was classified as severe, acute, superficial, somatic, and nociceptive considering the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity measurement. Fifteen minutes after starting the application, pain intensity of level 8 was completely reduced and pain intensity of 10 was reduced to 2, indicating that MTP has a positive and fast action being a good treatment option.

The Magnetic therapies have been the focus of studies due to the positive results observed in clinical practice. The cells in the human body are affected by the application of Static Magnetic Fields (SMFs). This interaction has shown good results in the treatment of various symptoms and diseases. Based on studies of Dr. Richard Broeringmeyer, Dr. Isaac Goiz Durán developed a new therapy: Medicinal Biomagnetism (MB). One of the findings of Dr. Goiz is based on the alteration of body flows, such as vascular alteration. These allow it to be influenced by Biomagnetic Pairs (BMPs) that make it possible to sustain pathogenic microorganisms or generate tissue alterations that can hinder venous return. The Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a deficiency of blood flow in the deep veins of the Lower Limbs (LL), resulting from dysfunctions of venous return from the limbs to the heart, causing blood reflux, venous hypertension sustained by blood accumulation in the deep veins. MB is a non-invasive, low-cost, painless, easy-to-apply complementary practice with minimal contraindications, which aims to prevent several pathologies, including CVI, being a treatment option with great therapeutic potential.Objective and Method:The objective of this exploratory and qualitative bibliographic review carried out by the analytical method is to present a MB protocol that can be applied to assist in the treatment of CVI.Results and Conclusion:The Treatment Protocol for Lower Limb Blood Flow (LLBF) was presented as a result of this study, leading to the conclusion that it can help in the treatment of CVI, its signs and symptoms, facilitating venous return, deserving to be researched in controlled studies.

A static magnetic field generated by neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnets placed in the inner cavity of dental implants can enhance bone regeneration in rabbits. It is, however, unknown whether static magnetic fields support osseointegration in a canine model. We therefore determined the potential osteogenic effect of implants carrying NdFeB magnets inserted in the tibia of six adult canines in the early stages of osseointegration. Here, we report that after 15 days of healing, magnetic and regular implants showed a high variation with a median new bone-to-implant contact (nBIC) in the cortical (41.3% and 7.3%) and the medullary (28.6% and 44.8%) region, respectively. Consistently, the median new bone volume/tissue volume (nBV/TV) in the cortical (14.9% and 5.4%) and the medullary (22.2% and 22.4%) region were not significantly different. One week of healing only resulted in negligible bone formation. These findings suggest that considering the large variation and the pilot nature of this study, magnetic implants failed to support peri-implant bone formation in a canine model.

Many physical and chemical factors can influence the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and its deregulation has been associated with various disease states. Nrf2 and Keap1 molecules are key elements that regulate the response under cell stress conditions. Hence, the aim of the research was to assess the impact of a static magnetic field that was generated by permanent magnets on the transcriptional activity of the NFE2L2 and KEAP1 genes in a human dermal fibroblast cell line that had been cultured with fluoride ions and in an environment without them. Additionally, our research aimed to answer the question of whether the regulatory RNA molecules—miRNAs—are involved in these effects. Experiments were performed on an NHDF cell line that had been treated with fluoride ions, along with simultaneous exposure to a moderate-intensity static magnetic field. The RT-qPCR method was used to determine the mRNA level of the NFE2L2 and KEAP1 genes and the miRNA level of miR-28-3p, miR-29b-1-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-365a-3p. Our results indicate that fluoride ions influence the Nrf2 signaling pathway and that miRNAs are involved in regulating it. Moreover, the static magnetic field had a beneficial effect on the cells with fluoride-induced oxidative stress due to stimulating the antioxidant defense.

All living organisms on the Earth live and evolve in the presence of the weak geomagnetic field, a quasi-uniform static magnetic field (SMF). In the meantime, although the effects of moderate and high SMFs have been investigated on multiple aspects of a living organism, a long-term SMF exposure of more than 1 year has never been reported. Here, we investigated the influence of a moderate SMF (70–220 mT head-to-toe) long-term continuous exposure (1.7 years) to two different SMF directions on healthy male C57BL/6 mice. We found that not only was the lifespan of the mice prolonged, but their healthspan was also improved. The elevated plus maze test and open field test show that SMFs could significantly improve the exploratory and locomotive activities of the aged mice. The Morris water maze test shows that SMFs could improve their spatial learning ability and spatial memory. Tissue examinations reveal that SMFs have an ameliorative effect on oxidative stress in the brain of aged mice, which was reinforced by the cellular assays, showing that SMFs could protect the PC12 cells from D-gal-induced senescence by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reducing the malonaldehyde levels. Therefore, our data show that the 1.7-year SMF exposure can improve both the lifespan and healthspan of naturally aged mice due to reduced oxidative stress, which indicates that SMFs have the potential to be used as an adjuvant physical therapy to reduce the ageing-induced health risks to benefit animals, and even humans.

A biophysical model for calculating the effective parameters of low-frequency magnetic fields was developed by Lednev based on summarized empirical data. According to this model, calcium ions as enzyme cofactors can be the primary target of low-frequency magnetic fields with different parameters tuned to calcium resonance. However, the effects of calcium-resonant combinations of static and alternating magnetic fields that correspond to Lednev’s model and differ by order in frequency and intensity were not studied. It does not allow for confidently discussing the primary targets of low-frequency magnetic fields in terms of the magnetic influence on ions-enzyme cofactors. To clarify this issue, we examined the response of freshwater crustaceans Daphnia magna to the impact of combinations of magnetic fields targeted to calcium ions in enzymes according to Lednev’s model that differ in order of magnitude. Life-history traits and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Exposure of daphnids to both combinations of magnetic fields led to a long-term delay of the first brood release, an increase in the brood size, a decrease in the number of broods, and the period between broods. The amylolytic activity, proteolytic activity, and sucrase activity significantly decreased in whole-body homogenates of crustaceans in response to both combinations of magnetic fields. The similarity in the sets of revealed effects assumes that different magnetic fields tuned to calcium ions in biomolecules can affect the same primary molecular target. The results suggest that the low-frequency magnetic fields with parameters corresponding to Lednev’s model of interaction between biological molecules and ions can remain effective with a significant decrease in the static magnetic background.

(1) Background: It has been hypothesised that a significant increase in the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), for example, when examining COVID-19 convalescents using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has an influence the exposure profiles of medical personnel to static magnetic fields (STmf). (2) Methods: Static exposure to STmf (SEmf) was recorded during activities that modelled performing CMR by radiographers. The motion-induced time variability of that exposure (TVEmf) was calculated from SEmf samples. The results were compared with: (i) labour law requirements; (ii) the distribution of vertigo perception probability near MRI magnets; and (iii) the exposure profile when actually performing a head MRI. (3) Results: The exposure profiles of personnel managing 42 CMR scans (modelled using medium (1.5T), high (3T) and ultrahigh (7T) field scanners) were significantly different than when managing a head MRI. The majority of SEmf and TVEmf samples (up to the 95th percentile) were at low vertigo perception probability (SEmf < 500 mT, TVEmf < 600 mT/s), but a small fraction were at medium/high levels; (4) Conclusion: Even under the “normal working conditions” defined for SEmf (STmf < 2T) by labour legislation (Directive 2013/35/EC), increased CMR usage increases vertigo-related hazards experienced by MRI personnel (a re-evaluation of electromagnetic safety hazards is suggested in the case of these or similar changes in work organisation).

Because of the high cost and safety of ultra-high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its application has certain limitations. Whereas 0.5–3 T MRI has been widely applied in hospitals, static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been shown to improve mice mental health and have anti-tumor potentials. Here, we compared the effects of the upward and downward 150 mT SMF groups with the sham group on C57BL/6J adult female mice. Locomotor and exploratory activity were also measured by behavioral tests, including the open field and elevated plus test. Additionally, physiology, pathology indicators and gut microbiota were examined. We found that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure enhanced locomotive and exploratory activity of mice, especially the downward 150 mT SMF. Compared with the downward 150 mT SMF group, the movement speed and distance in the center area of the sham group were increased by 65.99% (p < 0.0001) and 68.58% (p = 0.0038), respectively. Moreover, compared to the sham group, downward 150 mT SMF increased the number of entrances to the center area by 67.0% (p = 0.0082) and time in the center area by 77.12% (p = 0.0054). Additionally, we observed that upward 150 mT SMF improved the number of follicles (~2.5 times, p = 0.0325) and uterine glands through increasing the total antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation level in mice. Gut microbiome analysis showed that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure improved the microbiota abundance (Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ralstonia and Yaniella) in the genus level, which may affect metabolism, anxiety and behavior in adult female mice. Our results demonstrated that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure not only had good biosafety, but also improved athletic performance, emotion and the function of ovarian, uterine and gut microbiota abundance in adult female mice, which unraveled the potential of moderate long-term SMF exposure in clinical applications.

The increasing production of sewage sludge at global level has addressed the search for technical solutions to take advantage from it, reducing the environmental burden originating from its disposal. Anaerobic digestion is a suitable option to handle sewage sludge in accordance with circular economy principles, as it generates a methane-rich biogas and a digestate with potential fertilizing properties. Several techniques have been proposed to enhance anaerobic digestion performances and, among these, the application of static magnetic field (SMF) has recently gained attention. Nonetheless, the effects of high-intensity SMF on the sewage sludge destined to anaerobic digestion and its impact on the anaerobic digestion process have not been evaluated yet. This study aims to determine the effects of a 1.5 T SMF on the chemical composition of sewage sludge as well as on methane generation during anaerobic digestion. The main parameters influencing the SMF (i.e., flow rate, mixing ratio of magnetized to non-magnetized sludge, number of pumping cycles, and total solid content) were varied to evaluate the impact of different exposure conditions on the chemical characteristics and methane potential of sewage sludge. An extensive exposure to the high-intensity SMF applied resulted in a 24% decrease of methane production, reduced the concentration of the monitored ionic species (i.e., NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, SO42− and Mg2+) in the liquid phase of sewage sludge, and promoted the precipitation of compounds with valuable fertilizing properties, e.g., struvite. These outcomes suggest that high-intensity SMF, although negatively influencing methane generation, can promote the precipitation, and possibly the recovery/recycle of valuable compounds from sewage sludge, enhancing its proper management in a circular economy perspective. Graphical abstract

The static magnetic fields (SMFs) impact on biological systems, induce a variety of biological responses, and have been applied to the clinical treatment of diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this report, by using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, we investigated the biological effect of SMFs at a molecular and cellular level. We showed that SMF exposure promotes MSC proliferation and activates the expression of transcriptional factors such as FOS (Fos Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit) and EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1). In addition, the expression of signal-transduction proteins p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK oscillate periodically with SMF exposure time. Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of the T-type calcium ion channels negates the biological effects of SMFs on MSCs. Together, we revealed that the SMFs regulate T-type calcium ion channels and mediate MSC proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathways.

This study aimed to compare the microbial diversity in meatballs with or without blown pack spoilage (BPS) to determine the cause of BPS and to assess the synergistic effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to reduce the phenomenon of BPS. Results showed that the BPS group with a 2.26-fold larger volume and packaging containing 71.85% CO2 had Klebsiella spp. (46.05%) and Escherichia spp. (39.96%) as the dominant bacteria, which was different from the spoilage group. The results of isolation and identification of strains from the BPS group and their inoculation test confirmed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the major strain-inducing BPS in meatballs due to its pack-swelling ability. SMF (5 mT) treatment combined with MAP (40%CO2 + 60%N2), which did not influence the sensory quality of meatballs, had a significant synergistic effect on preventing the increase in pack volume. Compared with the control group, this synergistic treatment effectively delayed bacterial growth, drop in pH, and the increase of TBARS. The findings of this study will provide further guidance for meatball manufacturers to adopt effective strategies to reduce the BPS of meatballs.

β-fructofuranosidases (FFases) are enzymes involved in sucrose hydrolysis and can be used in the production of invert sugar and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). This last is an important prebiotic extensively used in the food industry. In the present study, the FFase production by Aspergillus tamarii Kita UCP 1279 was assessed by solid-state fermentation using a mixture of wheat and soy brans as substrate. The FFase presents optimum pH and temperature at 5.0–7.0 and 60 °C, respectively. According to the kinetic/thermodynamic study, the FFase was relatively stable at 50 °C, a temperature frequently used in industrial FOS synthesis, using sucrose as substrate, evidenced by the parameters half-life (115.52 min) and D-value (383.76 min) and confirmed by thermodynamic parameters evaluated. The influence of static magnetic field with a 1450 G magnetic flux density presented a positive impact on FFase kinetic parameters evidenced by an increase of affinity of enzyme by substrate after exposition, observed by a decrease of 149.70 to 81.73 mM on Km. The results obtained indicate that FFases present suitable characteristics for further use in food industry applications. Moreover, the positive influence of a magnetic field is an indicator for further developments of bioprocesses with the presence of a magnetic field.

In this study, a completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite (CANON) process was started in a membrane bioreactor at ambient temperature, to which a static magnetic field (SMF) at a 20 ​mT intensity was applied to evaluate the enhancement of the CANON process by SMF. The results indicated that the SMF was capable of enhancing the nitrogen removal rate and shortening the start-up period of the CANON process. After running for about 8 months, the average nitrogen removal rate of the CANON process with SMF exposure was 324.8 ​± ​64.8 gN/m3/d, which was 30.4% higher than that of the control. Moreover, the SMF has the potential to protect the CANON process from being inhibited by low temperatures. Importantly, the SMF induced the synthesis and secretion of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of the activated sludge and simultaneously reduced the zeta potential. This was conducive to the aggregation of the sludge material and the formation of an oxygen gradient in the sludge flocs, which promoted the coexistence of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). The high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that the abundances of the Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Brocadia genera, respectively the main AOB and AnAOB, were enhanced by SMF exposure.

Background Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease without effective treatment. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. Increased adipogenic differentiation or reduced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs might lead to osteoporosis. Whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) might influence the adipo-osteogenic differentiation balance of BMSCs remains unknown. Methods The effects of SMFs on lineage differentiation of BMSCs and development of osteoporosis were determined by various biochemical (RT-PCR and Western blot), morphological (staining and optical microscopy), and micro-CT assays. Bioinformatics analysis was also used to explore the signaling pathways. Results In this study, we found that SMFs (0.2–0.6 T) inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs but promoted their osteoblastic differentiation in an intensity-dependent manner. Whole genomic RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis revealed that SMF (0.6 T) decreased the PPARγ-mediated gene expression but increased the RUNX2-mediated gene transcription in BMSCs. Moreover, SMFs markedly alleviated bone mass loss induced by either dexamethasone or all-trans retinoic acid in mice. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that SMF-based magnetotherapy might serve as an adjunctive therapeutic option for patients with osteoporosis.

Purpose To explore the impact of temporal motion-induced coil sensitivity changes on CEST-MRI at 7T and its correction using interleaved volumetric EPI navigators, which are applied for real-time motion correction. Methods Five healthy volunteers were scanned via CEST. A 4-fold correction pipeline allowed the mitigation of (1) motion, (2) motion-induced coil sensitivity variations, Δ B 1 - , (3) motion-induced static magnetic field inhomogeneities, ΔB0 , and (4) spatially varying transmit RF field fluctuations, ΔB 1 + . Four CEST measurements were performed per session. For the first 2, motion correction was turned OFF and then ON in absence of voluntary motion, whereas in the other 2 controlled head rotations were performed. During post-processing Δ B 1 - was removed additionally for the motion-corrected cases, resulting in a total of 6 scenarios to be compared. In all cases, retrospective ∆B0 and - ΔB 1 + corrections were performed to compute artifact-free magnetization transfer ratio maps with asymmetric analysis (MTRasym ). Results Dynamic Δ B 1 - correction successfully mitigated signal deviations caused by head motion. In 2 frontal lobe regions of volunteer 4, induced relative signal errors of 10.9% and 3.9% were reduced to 1.1% and 1.0% after correction. In the right frontal lobe, the motion-corrected MTRasym contrast deviated 0.92%, 1.21%, and 2.97% relative to the static case for Δω = 1, 2, 3 ± 0.25 ppm. The additional application of Δ B 1 - correction reduced these deviations to 0.10%, 0.14%, and 0.42%. The fully corrected MTRasym values were highly consistent between measurements with and without intended head rotations. Conclusion Temporal Δ B 1 - cause significant CEST quantification bias. The presented correction pipeline including the proposed retrospective Δ B 1 - correction significantly reduced motion-related artifacts on CEST-MRI.

In this study, magnetizable polyurethane sponges (MSs) were obtained from commercial absorbent polyurethane sponges (PSs) doped with carbonyl iron microparticles (CIPs). Based on MSs, we manufactured cylindrical capacitors (CCs). The CCs were subjected to both a magnetic field and an alternating electric field, with a frequency of f=1 kHz. Using an RLC bridge, we measured the series electric capacitance, Cs, and the tangent of the loss angle, Ds. From the functions Cs=Cs(δ)CCs and Ds=Ds(δ)CCs, we extracted the components of the complex dielectric permittivity. It was found that the CIPs embedded in the MS matrix aggregated, leading to magneto-dielectric effects such as the enhancement of the complex dielectric permittivity components when applying the magnetic field as a principal effect and the enhancement of the electric capacitance and time constant of the capacitors as a secondary effect. The obtained results represent landmarks in the realization of low-cost magnetic field sensors, deformation and mechanical stress transducers in the robotics industry, etc.

The induction of apoptosis is one of the main goals of the designed anti-cancer therapies. In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the physical factors such as magnetic fields and to the natural bioactive compounds and the possibilities using them in medicine. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of caffeic or chlorogenic acid in combination with a moderate-strength static magnetic field on C32 melanoma cells by assessing the effect of both factors on the apoptotic process. The apoptosis of the C32 cells was evaluated using a flow cytometry analysis. The expression of the apoptosis-associated genes was determined using the RT-qPCR technique. The caspase activity and the concentration of the oxidative damage markers were also measured. It was found that phenolic acids and a static magnetic field trigger the apoptosis of the C32 cells and also affect the expression of the genes encoding the apoptosis regulatory proteins. In conclusion, our study indicated that both of the phenolic acids and a static magnetic field can be used supportively in the treatment of melanoma and that caffeic acid is more pro-apoptotic than chlorogenic acid.

This paper presents one of the aspects of a wide range of challenges related to space exploration. The main factor making it possible for humans to engage in space exploration is the provision of a basic element of existence, which is stable quality food. The starting point for the conducted research was the assumption that surface phenomena, involving water and determining food stability, can occur with different intensities under extra-terrestrial conditions. The results of this study describe the effect of the 10 mT static magnetic field on the process of water vapor particle adsorption and desorption on the surface of organic samples. The research material included powders with hygroscopic properties: gelatin (protein) and starch (carbohydrates). The research included a comparison of the direction, dynamics, and range of water vapor sorption in control conditions in a homogenous, static magnetic field. The research involved the use of desiccators with aqueous saturated solutions of NaOH and NaCl, and a static magnetic field generator. The obtained results indicate that magnetic field has an effect on the course of sorption on organic samples, and it can determine food stability during storage. The results of this work also indicate that there is the potential for reducing the costs of food preservation by drying it in the presence of a magnetic field; the study introduces innovative solutions in the construction of cereal silos, which is part of the concept of sustainable development.

Background Given the increasing clinical use of PET/MRI, potential risks to patients from simultaneous exposure to ionising radiation and (electro)magnetic fields should be thoroughly investigated as a precaution. With this aim, the genotoxic potential of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and a strong static magnetic field (SMF) were evaluated both in isolation and in combination using the γH2AX assay detecting double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA. Methods Thirty-two healthy young volunteers allocated to three study arms were exposed to [18F]FDG alone, to a 3-T SMF alone or to both combined over 60 min at a PET/CT or a PET/MRI system. Blood samples taken after in vivo exposure were incubated up to 60 min to extend the irradiation of blood by residual [18F]FDG within the samples and the time to monitor the γH2AX response. Absorbed doses to lymphocytes delivered in vivo and in vitro were estimated individually for each volunteer exposed to [18F]FDG. γH2AX foci were scored automatically by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Absorbed doses to lymphocytes exposed over 60 to 120 min to [18F]FDG varied between 1.5 and 3.3 mGy. In this time interval, the radiotracer caused a significant median relative increase of 28% in the rate of lymphocytes with at least one γH2AX focus relative to the background rate (p = 0.01), but not the SMF alone (p = 0.47). Simultaneous application of both agents did not result in a significant synergistic or antagonistic outcome (p = 0.91). Conclusion There is no evidence of a synergism between [18F]FDG and the SMF that may be of relevance for risk assessment of PET/MRI.

In this study, a correlation between cell channel α-helices displacement and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential after exposure of 3, 7, 15 and 24 h of neuronal-like cells to a uniform magnetic field at the intensity of 2 mT was shown. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and fluorescence techniques were used to analyze the secondary structure of protein content and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, respectively. The main result of this study was represented by a significant inverse relation between the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the intensity of the Amide I band that can be associated with time exposure. Given that mitochondrial transmembrane potential should be related to the gating state of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in mitochondrial membrane, this result could have a relevant role in medicine. Indeed, VDAC's irregular behavior can be associated with several varieties of mitochondria-associated pathologies and various forms of cancer and neurodegeneration.

Background: Recognising effects of static magnetic field (SMF) of varying flux density on flora and fauna is attempted. For this purpose, the influence of static magnetic field upon molecules of lower alkanols i.e. methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, S-butan-2-ol, isobutanol and tert-butanol is studied. Methods: Computations of the effect of real SMF 0.0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 AFU (Arbitrary Field Unit; here 1AFU > 1000 T) flux density were performed in silico (computer vacuum), involving advanced computational methods. Results: SMF polarises molecules depending on applied flux density, but it neither ionises nor breaks valence bonds. Some irregularities in the changes of positive and negative charge densities and bond lengths provide evidence that molecules slightly change their initially fixed positions with respect to the force lines of the magnetic field. Length of some bonds and bond angles change with an increase in the applied flux density, providing, in some cases, polar interactions between atoms through space. Conclusions: Since SMF produced and increase in the negative charge density at the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group and elongated the –O-H bond length, these results show that SMF facilitates metabolism of the alkanols.

Background: Recognising effects of static magnetic field (SMF) of varying flux density on flora and fauna is attempted. For this purpose, the influence of SMF upon molecules ofα- andβ-D-glucose,α- andβ-D-galactose,α- andβ-fructopyranoses,α- andβ-fructofuranoses andα- andβ-D-xylofuranoses andαandβ-D-xylopyranoses is studied.Methods: Computations of the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) of 0.0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 AFU (1 AFU > 1000 T) flux density were performed in silico for SMF changes distribution of the electron density in these molecules.Hyper-Chem 8.0 software was used together with the AM1 method for optimisation of the conformation of the molecules of monosaccharides under study. Then polarisability, charge distribution, potential and dipole moment for molecules placed in SMF were calculated involving DFT 3-21G method.Results: Application of SMF induced polarisability of electrons, atoms and dipoles, the latter resulting in eventual re-orientation of the molecules along the applied field of the molecules and the electron density redistribution at particular atoms. Increase in the field strength generated mostly irregular changes of the electron densities at particular atoms of the molecules as well as polarisabilities. Energy of these molecules and their dipole moments also varied with the SMF flux density applied.Conclusions: Saccharides present in the living organisms may participate in the response of the living organisms to SMF affecting metabolism of the molecules in the body fluids by fitting molecules to the enzymes. Structural changes of saccharide components of the cell membranes can influence the membrane permeability.

The lack of a sufficient research base is the reason for the ongoing discussion regarding the genotoxic effect of magnetic field exposure on mammalian cell cultures. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) suspension type cells, that are widely used for biopharmaceutical production, are potentially subjected to an increased magnetic field when cultivated in bioreactors equipped with bottom placed magnetically coupled stirring mechanisms. The main challenge for conducting research in this field remains the availability of a suitable experimental setup that generates an appropriate magnetic field for the raised research question. In the present study, a simple and cost-effective experimental setup was developed that generated a static magnetic field, similar to what has been modelled in large scale bioreactors, and at the same time was suitable for experimental cell cultivation in laboratory conditions. The measured maximum magnetic flux density to which the cells were exposed was 0.66 T. To assess the possible genotoxic effect, cells were continuously sub-cultivated in laboratory petri dishes for a period of 14 days, corresponding to a typical duration of a biopharmaceutical production process in a conventional fed-batch regime. The genotoxic effect was assessed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay with fluorescent staining. Results showed that a 0.66 T static magnetic field exposure had no significant long-term effect on cell viability and chromosomal damage but demonstrated a short-term effect on cell apoptosis. Significant increase in nuclear buds formation was observed. These findings may encourage other researchers in future studies investigating cellular responses to magnetic field exposure and contribute relevant data for comparison.

Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anti-cancer drugs that can effectively inhibit the growth of multiple types of cancer. However, its clinical application is limited by its severe side effects, especially kidney toxicity, caused by cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney cell apoptosis. Here, we found that moderate (a few hundred mT) quasi-uniform static magnetic fields (SMFs) could inhibit cisplatin-induced renal proximal tubular cell death, especially the vertically downward direction SMF. RNA-seq experiments demonstrate that SMFs induced differential gene expressions that are closely associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, cytokine production, transmembrane transport and DNA repair. In vivo experiments show that SMFs can reduce cisplatin-induced kidney injury in cisplatin-administrated tumor-bearing mice by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, high-dose cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity can be effectively alleviated by SMF treatment of as little as one day, which significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species levels in kidneys and prolonged the mice’s survival. Moreover, the concentration of cisplatin in the kidney was significantly attenuated in SMF-treated mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates the effects of moderate SMFs as a novel physical method to reduce oxidative stress, and revealed their future potential to be used against cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity in cancer treatment.

The present study examines the separate and synergistic effects of macroalgal extract and static magnetic field (SMF) on the germination of soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), cv. Abelina, seedling growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoids content in leaves. Algal extract was produced from freshwater green macroalga (Cladophora glomerata) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The germination tests were conducted in two stages. Firstly, different concentrations of extracts, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, were applied to a paper substrate. The best results (taking into account germination percentage, seedlings length and weight, and pigments content in leaves) were observed for 20% and 80% extracts. At the same stage, germination of seeds exposed to SMF (exposure times for 3 and 12 min and magnetic inductions of 250 and 500 mT) was studied. The best developed seedlings were determined for the group treated at 3 min with a magnetic induction of 250 mT. In the final step, the simultaneous effects of 20% and 80% algal extracts and treatment with 3 min at 250 mT SMF were tested. Taking into account all the parameters, the simultaneous use of 20% extract and 3 min of 250 mT magnetic induction is recommended.

The effects of a static magnetic field on systems with chaotic dynamical behavior have attracted little attention so far. Here, Chua’s electronic circuit with an inductor placed in a static uniform magnetic field operating in a chaotic double-scroll regime is studied experimentally. The effect of the magnetic field on the duty cycle factor and the spike count rate, with spikes defined by crossings between the scrolls of the double-scroll attractor, is described. A slow monotonic variation in the duty cycle factor and constant spike count rate is observed for magnetic field intensities up to the threshold, where both these metrics change severely; the dynamic trajectory remains on one scroll and spikes disappear. The dependence of the static magnetic field intensity on Chua’s circuit resistivity at the threshold is given. Two biomimetic magnetic chaotic sensors are proposed: one based on one Chua’s circuit and another that can have various transfer functions and is composed of several independent Chua’s circuits.

This in vitro study aims to evaluate the magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) technique and the best strategy for internalization of magnetic nanoparticles coated with aminosilane (SPIONAmine) in glioblastoma tumor cells. SPIONAmine of 50 and 100 nm were used for specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis, performing the MHT with intensities of 50, 150, and 300 Gauss and frequencies varying between 305 and 557 kHz. The internalization strategy was performed using 100, 200, and 300 µgFe/mL of SPIONAmine, with or without Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and filter, and with or without static or dynamic magnet field. The cell viability was evaluated after determination of MHT best condition of SPIONAmine internalization. The maximum SAR values of SPIONAmine (50 nm) and SPIONAmine (100 nm) identified were 184.41 W/g and 337.83 W/g, respectively, using a frequency of 557 kHz and intensity of 300 Gauss (≈23.93 kA/m). The best internalization strategy was 100 µgFe/mL of SPIONAmine (100 nm) using PLL with filter and dynamic magnet field, submitted to MHT for 40 min at 44 °C. This condition displayed 70.0% decreased in cell viability by flow cytometry and 68.1% by BLI. We can conclude that our study is promising as an antitumor treatment, based on intra- and extracellular MHT effects. The optimization of the nanoparticles internalization process associated with their magnetic characteristics potentiates the extracellular acute and late intracellular effect of MHT achieving greater efficiency in the therapeutic process.

Background The therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from stem cells has attracted increasing interest recently, because they can exert similar paracrine functions of stem cells and overcome the limitations of stem cells transplantation. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) have been confirmed to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The magnetic nanoparticles (eg. Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3) combined with a static magnetic field (SMF) has been commonly used to increase wound healing and bone regeneration. Hence, this study aims to evaluate whether exosomes derived from BMSCs preconditioned with a low dose of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with or without the SMF, exert superior pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic activities in bone regeneration and the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods Two novel types of exosomes derived from preconditioned BMSCs that fabricated by regulating the contents with the stimulation of magnetic nanoparticles and/or a SMF. Then, the new exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized. Afterwards, we conducted in vitro experiments in which we measured osteogenic differentiation, cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube formation, then established an in vivo critical-sized calvarial defect rat model. The miRNA expression profiles were compared among the exosomes to detect the potential mechanism of improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis. At last, the function of exosomal miRNA during bone regeneration was confirmed by utilizing a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro. Results 50 µg/mL Fe3O4 nanoparticles and a 100 mT SMF were chosen as the optimum magnetic conditions to fabricate two new exosomes, named BMSC-Fe3O4-Exos and BMSC-Fe3O4-SMF-Exos. They were both confirmed to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo compared with BMSC-Exos, and BMSC-Fe3O4-SMF-Exos had the most marked effect. The promotion effect was found to be related to the highly riched miR-1260a in BMSC-Fe3O4-SMF-Exos. Furthermore, miR-1260a was verified to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis through inhibition of HDAC7 and COL4A2, respectively. Conclusion These results suggest that low doses of Fe3O4 nanoparticles combined with a SMF trigger exosomes to exert enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis and that targeting of HDAC7 and COL4A2 by exosomal miR-1260a plays a crucial role in this process. This work could provide a new protocol to promote bone regeneration for tissue engineering in the future. Graphical abstract

The current research progress in the influence of static magnetic field on the microstructures of directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy at home and abroad was reviewed, and the effect of different ways, strength of static magnetic fields on the dendritic microstructure, elemental segregation, solidification defects and high temperature mechanical properties was emphatically analyzed. The potential development of static magnetic field in directional solidification of nickel-based superalloy was proposed from the control of stray crystals at variable cross-sections, the control of crystal orientation deviation, and the influence mechanism of static magnetic field on solidification properties.

This study examines the effect of a separate static magnetic field (SMF) and algal extract and their synergistic effect on soybean seeds germination. To our knowledge, this is the first time these kinds of factors were used for the biostimulation of soybean seeds germination. Soybean –Glycine max(L.) Merrill variety ‘Merlin’ was used in the present study. The exposure of seeds to the magnetic field was applied for 3, 6 and 12 min. The algal extract, produced from a freshwater green macroalga –Cladophora glomeratausing an ultrasonic homogenizer, was used directly to the paper substrate at a dose of 10%. The highest germination ability of soybean seeds was observed in a group, where the magnetic field (12 min.) was used together with 10% of algal extract. However, it was very low – only 21%, which may have resulted from the seed dormancy. Future experiments on soybean seeds are required to confirm the stimulation effect of the magnetic field (various induction values) and algal extract on seeds germination.

Background Optimizing the ability of exoelectrogens is a key factor in boosting the overall efficiency of bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we construct magnetic microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with magnets with different static magnetic field (SMF) intensities for use as anodes. It is proposed as an in situ study of the effects of magnetic fields on the performance and exoelectrogenic biofilm of bioelectrochemical system. Results The magnetic MFCs obtain a 71.0–105% increase in voltage production and a 42.9–104% increase in power density compared with non-magnetic MFCs. MFCs with a MF intensity of 80 mT obtain the best performances. SMF decreases the internal resistance of MFCs, especially its diffusion resistance. The relative abundance of Geobacter in magnetic MFCs is up to 32.5% higher than that of non-magnetic MFC. SMFs also lead to the shifts in microbial community structure of methanogens. Conclusion The constructed magnetic MFCs obtained better performance compared with the non-magnetic MFC, in terms of voltage production, power density, and coulombic efficiency. The relative abundance of Geobacter spp. (one kind of exoelectrogen) was much higher in the magnetic MFCs. The optimal static magnetic field intensity for enriching exoelectrogens is around 80 mT. It is likely that the decrease of internal resistance, enrichment in exoelectrogens, and the syntrophic interactions between exoelectrogens and methanogens result in the enhanced performance of magnetic MFCs. This study provides a magnetic method for the enrichment of exoelectrogens, which can be extensively applied in bioelectrochemical systems.

Purpose: To study the response of neuronal-like cells to an applied static or low-frequency magnetic field.Materials and methods: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was used to investig...

Graphical abstract, Current popular cancer treatment options, include tumor surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal treatment. These treatments are often associated with some inherent limitations. For instances, tumor surgery is not effective in mitigating metastases; the anticancer drugs used for chemotherapy can quickly spread throughout the body and is ineffective in killing metastatic cancer cells. Therefore, several drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed to target tumor cells, and release active biomolecule at specific site to eliminate the side effects of anticancer drugs. However, common challenges of DDS used for cancer treatment, include poor site-specific accumulation, difficulties in entering the tumor microenvironment, poor metastases and treatment efficiency. In this context, non-invasive cancer treatment approaches, with or without DDS, involving the use of light, heat, magnetic field, electrical field and ultrasound appears to be very attractive. These approaches can potentially improve treatment efficiency, reduce recovery time, eliminate infections and scar formation. In this review we focus on the effects of magnetic fields and ultrasound on cancer cells and their application for cancer treatment in the presence of drugs or DDS.

Sustainable bioelectrogenesis was evaluated by oxidizing the organics of food waste leachate (FWL) under the influence of magnetic field (MF) and short term applied voltage (electric potential, EP). Adaptation of MF (20–220 m T) and EP (100−500 mV) had enhanced the performance of MFC in terms of power generation and reduction of organic in FWL. The best performance of MFC was noted with a MF at 220 m T and EP at 500 mV. MFC under the influence of applied EP (100−500 mV), the power generation was increased from 493 mW/m2 to 832 mW/m2. During this operation, the chemical oxygen demand removal (CODr) was also increased from 51.3 % to 80.4 %. Whereas the control MFC (MFC-C) had exhibited a maximum power generation and CODr of 224 mW/m2 and 36.3 %, respectively. MFC with MF has showed an increase in power density from 480 mW/m2 to 811 mW/m2. MFCs at 220 m T and 500 mV has exhibited, 262 % and 271 % increase in power density over control, respectively. Adaptation of MFC under the EP and MF were found to be beneficial in treating FWL which has high strength organic content.

The effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on Monascus ruber M7 (M. ruber M7) cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates under SMF treatment at different intensities (5, 10, and 30 mT) were investigated in this paper. The results revealed that, compared with the control (CK, no SMF treatment), the SMF at all tested intensities did not significantly influence the morphological characteristics of M. ruber M7, while the intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments (MPs) and extracellular citrinin (CIT) of M. ruber M7 were increased at 10 and 30 mT SMF but there was no impact on the MPs and CIT at 5 mT SMF. The transcriptome data of M. ruber M7 cultured at 30 mT SMF on PDA for 3 and 7 d showed that the SMF could increase the transcriptional levels of some relative genes with the primary metabolism, including the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, especially in the early growing period (3 d). SMF could also affect the transcriptional levels of the related genes to the biosynthetic pathways of MPs, CIT, and ergosterol, and improve the transcription of the relative genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of M. ruber M7. These findings provide insights into a comprehensive understanding of the effects of SMF on filamentous fungi.

The effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on Monascus ruber M7 (M. ruber M7) cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates under SMF treatment at different intensities (5, 10, and 30 mT) were investigated in this paper. The results revealed that, compared with the control (CK, no SMF treatment), the SMF at all tested intensities did not significantly influence the morphological characteristics of M. ruber M7, while the intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments (MPs) and extracellular citrinin (CIT) of M. ruber M7 were increased at 10 and 30 mT SMF but there was no impact on the MPs and CIT at 5 mT SMF. The transcriptome data of M. ruber M7 cultured at 30 mT SMF on PDA for 3 and 7 d showed that the SMF could increase the transcriptional levels of some relative genes with the primary metabolism, including the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, especially in the early growing period (3 d). SMF could also affect the transcriptional levels of the related genes to the biosynthetic pathways of MPs, CIT, and ergosterol, and improve the transcription of the relative genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of M. ruber M7. These findings provide insights into a comprehensive understanding of the effects of SMF on filamentous fungi.

Background Based on prior reports of the use of magnets to treat pain, our goal was to determine if a concentric rare-earth alternating-pole magnet reduced period pain versus a sham-magnet. Methods Participants were females (N=36, 18 to 35 years) who regularly experienced menstrual period pain ≥ six on the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) of 0-10. Subjects were excluded if they took pain medication on the study day or had implanted pacemakers/metallic devices or secondary dysmenorrhea. Participants were randomized to wear a concentric neodymium-iron boron active-magnet (surface-field of 0.4 Tesla) or a sham magnet. The participant and investigator applying the device were blinded to the device used. The device was placed at the abdominal location of the reported greatest pain for 40-minutes, during which time the subject was able to conduct the normal activity. Pain scores were reported prior to device wearing and afterward. Participants with post-treatment NPRS ratings reduced by ≥ 35% from their pretreatment pain ratings were scored as having reduced pain; reductions < 35% were scored as no meaningful pain change. The threshold of 35% was chosen based on a survey of 10 women as to the level of pain reduction they viewed as meaningful to them. Of the 36 women in this pilot study, 19 wore an active-magnet and 17 wore a sham-magnet. Analyses were based on chi-square and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. Results Pre-treatment pain scores (mean ± SD) were similar for both groups. Magnet-vs-sham pre-treatment scores were, respectively, 7.16 ± 0.85 vs. 6.94 ± 1.20 (p=0.330). Corresponding median values for the magnet (N=19) and sham (N=17) groups respectively were seven pre-treatment and four post-treatment vs. six pre-treatment and six post-treatment. Post-treatment scores for magnet treated subjects (4.16 ± 2.20) were significantly less (p=0.027) than for sham-treated (5.53 ± 1.50). Of the 19 who wore a magnet, 11 experienced meaningful pain-reduction, and eight did not. Of the 17 who wore a sham, three experienced meaningful pain-reduction, and 14 did not. Magnet and sham wearing responses were statistically significant via chi-square analysis (chi-square=6.12, p=0.013). Percentage reduction in pain score was 41.8% ± 31.1% for magnet-treated vs. 20.8% ± 16.1%, for sham-treated (p

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with various complications that poses a huge worldwide healthcare burden. Wounds in diabetes, especially diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are difficult to manage, often leading to prolonged wound repair and even amputation. Wound management in people with diabetes is an extremely clinical and social concern. Nowadays, physical interventions gain much attention and have been widely developed in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. Magnetic fields (MFs)‐based devices are translated into clinical practice for the treatment of bone diseases and neurodegenerative disorder. This review attempts to give insight into the mechanisms and applications of MFs in wound care, especially in improving the healing outcomes of diabetic wounds. First, we discuss the pathological conditions associated with chronic diabetic wounds. Next, the mechanisms involved in MFs’ effects on wounds are explored. At last, studies and reports regarding the effects of MFs on diabetic wounds from both animal experiments and clinical trials are reviewed. MFs exhibit great potential in promoting wound healing and have been practised in the management of diabetic wounds. Further studies on the exact mechanism of MFs on diabetic wounds and the development of suitable MF‐based devices could lead to their increased applications into clinical practice., The possible mechanism of the effects of MFs on diabetic wound healing.

Summary Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder with high prevalence and severe complications that has recently been indicated to be treatable by a combined static magnetic field (SMF) and electric field. We systematically compared four types of SMFs and found that a downward SMF of ∼100 mT could effectively reduce the development of hyperglycemia, fatty liver, weight gain, and tissue injury in high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozocin-induced T2D mice, but not the upward SMF. The downward SMF markedly restored the Bacteroidetes population and reversed the iron complex outer membrane receptor gene reduction in the mice gut microbiota, and reduced iron deposition in the pancreas. SMF also reduced the labile iron and reactive oxygen species level in pancreatic Min6 cells in vitro and prevented palmitate-induced Min6 cell number reduction. Therefore, this simple SMF setting could partially prevent HFD-induced T2D development and ameliorate related symptoms, which could provide a low-cost and non-invasive physical method to prevent and/or treat T2D in the future., Graphical Abstract, Public summary • A device made of permanent magnet could lower blood sugar level in type II diabetic mice • The fatty liver, weight gain, and tissue injury were reduced • Iron metabolism, pancreatic β cell function and gut microbiota were improved • The magnetic field intensity, direction and distribution are important

Different priming methods were developed to improve seed germination and the early growth of seedlings. This study aimed to examine the combined effect of bacterial inoculation and static magnetic field on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) germination. A plant growth-promoting bacterial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D5 ARV was used for biopriming. The static magnetic field of 90 mT was applied for 5 and 15 min. Analyses of abscisic acid, chlorophyll, anthocyanins, flavonoids content, nitrogen balance index, and bacterial indole-3-acetic acid were used to explain observed effects. Bacterial inoculation improved seed germination, whereas exposure to 90 mT for 15 min suppressed germination. Such an unfavorable effect was neutralized when the treatment with the static magnetic field was combined with bacterial inoculation. The highest germination percentage was a result of synergistic action of B. amyloliquefaciens D5 ARV and 15 min long exposure to 90 mT, which induced an increase of 53.20% in the number of germinated seeds. The static magnetic field induced the increase of bacterial indole-3-acetic acid production threefold times. Biomagnetic priming caused a metabolic shift from primary to secondary metabolism in the white mustard seedlings. An adequate combination of biological priming and static magnetic field treatment can be successfully used in old seed revitalization and germination improvements. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Static Magnetic Field (SMF) is one of the biophysiological stimulants which modulates physiological processes in different cell lines. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important biological tools for regenerative medicine. Although it is known that SMFs cause a change in cellular membrane polarization, oxidative product concentrations, gene expression patterns and cell propagation rates, depending on exposure time and intensity, their effects on MSCs have not been properly explained yet. In this study, MSCs derived from human bone marrow were treated with moderate 328 mT SMF by using cylindric Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd2Fe14B) magnets to investigate its influence on orientation, proliferation rates and morphologies. Results showed that the treated cells gained more homogenous orientation than the non-treated cells, however SMF influence did not significantly change proliferation rates. The cells were grown under both chemically osteogenic induction and SMF to observe the osteogenic differentiation and biomineralization. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity decreased significantly in the cells treated with SMF compared to the control groups. Alizarin Red S staining showed that mineralization also decreased in the cells. The results showed that an easily produced moderate SMF can be a useful physical stimulant to control the fate of MSC both in vitro and in vivo., Statik Manyetik Alan (SMA), farklı hücre hatlarında fizyolojik süreçleri düzenleyen biyofizyolojik uyarıcılardan biridir. Mezenkimal kök hücreler (MKH’ler) rejeneratif tıp için önemli biyolojik araçlardır. SMA'ların yoğunluğuna ve süresine göre hücre membran polarizasyonunu, oksidatif ürün konsantrasyonlarını, gen ekspresyon modellerini ve hücre çoğalma oranlarını değiştirdiği bilinmesine rağmen, MKH'ler üzerindeki SMA etkileri henüz tam olarak açıklanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, insan kemik iliği kaynaklı MKH'ler, silindirik Neodimyum Demir Bor (Nd2Fe14B) mıknatıslar kullanılarak orta derecede 328 mT SMA etkisinde bırakıldı ve hücrelerin oryantasyonu, çoğalma oranı ve osteojenik farklılaşma potansiyelleri incelendi. Sonuçlar, tedavi edilen hücrelerin, tedavi edilmeyen hücrelerden daha homojen bir yönelim kazandığını, ancak SMF etkisinin çoğalma oranlarını önemli ölçüde değiştirmediğini gösterdi.MKH’ler, osteojenik farklılaşmayı ve biyomineralizasyonu gözlemlemek için hem kimyasal olarak osteojenik indüksiyon hem de SMA altında büyütüldüğünde, Alkalin Fosfataz (ALP) aktivitesi kontrol gruplarına kıyasla önemli ölçüde azaldı. Alizarin Red S boyaması, uyarılan hücrelerde mineralleşmenin de azaldığını gösterdi. Sunulan sonuçlar, kolayca üretilen orta düzeyde bir SMA'nın in vitro veya in vivo olarak MKH kaderini kontrol etmek için yararlı bir fiziksel uyarıcı olabileceğinin altını çizmektedir.